Results of survey on infant,
child and maternal mortality
in the Republic of Tajikistan
in 2010
Agency on Statistics under the President of the Republic of
Tajikistan
SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
In some cases, minor discrepancies in the results from the sum of the terms explained
with rounding during the weighing procedure
Editorial board:
Mukhammadieva B. Z. – Chairwoman of the editorial board
Asoev A. A., Norov Q. D., Gukasova T. P., Kislitsyna Е.А.
© Agency on Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2010
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
FOREWORD
Agency on Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan is
pleased to present the analytical report on the results of "Survey on infant, child and
maternal
mortality", which
was
held in Tajikistan in
2010. This work was
funded under the project "Further development of national statistics in the Kyrgyz Republic, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan - Statistics 11" and is the first survey on
infant, child and maternal mortality conducted by the statistical authorities of the Republic of Tajikistan.
Agency on Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan is grateful for the provision of consulting services and advice in the development of survey
methodology and sample design to experts of ICON-INSTITUT and DESTATIS Mr.
Lars Lundrgen and Mr. Bart de Bruijn.
Grateful
acknowledgment
is also to
the
leadership
of the
European Commission on behalf of the Bureau on Cooperation of EuropeAid for
funding, the coordinating
group
of the project and for timely support in
the implementation of this work.
And, of course, to all employees of Statistics of the Republic of Tajikistan for
their active participation and making a contribution in this work. In carrying out of
field work was attended about 100 experts of the Agency on Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, members of the Main Computer Centre, Department
of Statistics statistical divisions of cities and regions.
Huge appreciation is expressed to the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan,
representatives of local authorities for their support and assistance in conducting the
survey
We want also to thank all the people who have kindly agreed to
take part in this work.
The Report was prepared by Mrs. Kyslitsyna Е.А.– Head of the Department of
Demography, Employment and Social statistics and Mr Kulov A. N. – Head of the Section on Demography and population Employment, under the general management and
editorship of Mrs. Mukhammadieva B. Z., the Project Leader, Director of the Agency
on Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan.
Dushanbe, Tajikistan
August, 2010
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
Project Leader
Mukhammadieva
Bakhtiya Ziyodullaevna
Agency on Statistics under
the President of the Republic of Tajikistan
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SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
CONTENT
Content…… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
140
Symbolic notation….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
142
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
143
Part 1. Survey methodology
1.1. Aim and targets of survey…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
145
1.2. System of indexes and definitions….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
145
1.3. Sampling methodology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
146
1.4. Core survey components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
149
1.5. Interview and data processing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
150
1.6. Socio-demographic population characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Part II. Analysis of infant, child and mmaternal mortality in the Republic of
Tajikistan. Estimation of the data coverage and data quality
2.1. System of statistical data collection on population growth (birth and death)...
154
2.2. Analysis of data on birth and deth for the period of 1989-2000. . . . . . . . . . .
155
Part III. Results of survey on infant, child and maternal mortality
3.1. Results of survey on birth registration in the Civil Registry Office (here and
after – register offices) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
3.2. Estimation of the birth level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
164
3.3. Results of survey on dead children in the register offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
3.4. Estimation of infant and child mortality by standard method and Brass method. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
168
3.5. Estimation of maternal mortality by indirect sisterhood method . . . . . . . . . . .
172
Conclusions and suggestions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
175
ANNEXES:
ANNEX А:
List of tables
176
Table 1. Results of the households interview by regions, by area type by data of survey. . .
176
Table 2. Data about number of livebirth and dead, which are registered in the register offices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Table 3. Coefficients of birth rate, infant, child and maternal mortality (calculated based on
registrations data in the register offices) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
178
Table 4. Children born by women in the age of 15-49 years by regions, sex, registration
and year of birth, in % . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
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Table 5. Children born by women in the age of 15-49 years by area type, sex, sex, registration and year of birth, in % . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
180
Table 6. Children born by women in the age of 15-49 years by reasons of non-registration,
by regions and sex according to the survey data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Table 7. Children born by women in the age of 15-49 years by reasons of non-registration
and year of birth according to the survey data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
182
Table 8. Children born by women in the age of 15-49 years by reasons of non-registration
182
and educational level of mother. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
Table 9. Children born by women in the age of 15-49 years by birth registration, life status
(alive, dead), regions and sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
183
Table 10. Children born by women in the age of 15-49 years by reasons of nonregistration, life status (alive, dead),regions and age of death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Table 11. Children born by women in the age of 15-49 years and dead by area type, sex,
registration and age at death, in % . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Table 12. Children born by women in the age of 15-49 years and dead by registration of
daeth and birth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Table 13. Children born by women in the age of 15-49 years and dead by registration, by
case of non-registration, area type and sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Table 14. Children born by women in the age of 15-49 years and dead, which doesn’t have
186
birth registration, by case of non-registration and mother’s education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ANNEX B: The questionnaire of the survey on infant, child and maternal mortality
in Tajikistan in 2010
187
ANNEX С: List of participants of the survey on infant, child and maternal mortality
in Tajikistan in 2010
197
ANNEX D: Bibliography
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Following symbolic notation were used in the Report:
thsnd.
thousand
-
not applicable
…
data not available
WB
World Bank
DRS (RRP)
Districts of Republican Subordination
GBAO
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast
CRO
Civil Registry Office (here and after – register offices)
MCC
Main Computing Center
TLSS
Living Standards Survey 2007
LSST
Living Standards Survey of Tajikistan 2002
MICS
Multi-Indicutor Cluster Survey
PPS
Probability proportional to size
PSU
Primary sampling units
PEC
Personal electronic computer
IMR
Infant mortality rate
CMR
Child mortality rate
SFR
Summary fertility rate
TFR
Total fertility rate
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INTRODUCTION
The political and economic transformations in the former Soviet Union
and Central Asian
region, including in
Tajikistan, in the
90 years
of the
XX century and the first decade of the XXI century have had a negative impact
not only on the social, economic and political development, but also on demographic. The decrease in fertility and life expectancy, increased mortality
and migration activity.
The situation has changed and with registration in the registry offices (CRO), Ministry of Justice, wwhich are dealing with registration of births, deaths, marriages
and divorces.
In recent years, a decline of registration of births and deaths by registry offices,
and this situation has a negative impact on the quality of statistical data on demography,which in turn put in turn put beside statisticians certain tasks, such
as in demographic statistics area are assessment of the infant, child and maternal using the new international methods.
Data on the number of deaths are a major component in calculating the population by age groups and regions of the republic in the period between censuses and demographic indicators to evaluate the development of the demographic situation in the
country – the average of life expectancy, the level of general mortality, infant, child and
maternal mortality.
Child and maternal mortality are important indicators that reflect the activity of
health system and it is important to assess and monitor their condition.
In Tajikistan, mortality study by constant statistical observation, based on data obtained from the registry offices on these data can be traced in the dynamics of change
in performance on multiple criteria – by sex, age, nationality and cause of death, region. However, the situation with the registration of both births and deaths, especially regarding children under 5 years, a more in-depth study of this issue with the using
of new methods to assess the situation.
In recent years there has been a rapid decline in child, infant and maternal mortality, but in a low register is difficult to determine what specifically caused this decline actually improved the work of health authorities, or is it still due to low registration of
causes of deaths.
According to the registration of register offices number of children who died at the
age of 5 years from 1990 to 2009 decreased by 3,5 times and amounted to 3488 people
in 2009, the number of women dying from pregnancy, delivery, and in consequence of
the postpartum period - 2,2 times and amounted to 40 cases. Infant mortality rate
(deaths of children under 1 year) during this period the level declined from 40,4 deaths
per 1000 live births to 12,0, the level of Child mortality rates (deaths of children aged
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under 5 years) - with 61 per 1000 live births-excited to 14,8. The maternal mortality
rate declined from 24,8 per 100000 live births to 17.
However, data from surveys conducted in the republic on issues of the position of
women and children (MICS) and living standards suggest that rates of infant, child and
maternal mortality rates are 2 – 4 times higher than data obtained from the register offices and made according to the Multi- Indicator Cluster Survey 2005: Infant mortality
rate - 65 per 1000 live births, child - 79 per 1000 live births, maternal - 97 per 100,000
live births. According to survey of living standards in 2007 the infant mortality rate was
46 per 1000 live births, child mortality rate - 53.
Also, data MICS 2005 showed that the level of registration of the birth by register
offices in the first year of life is 82%.
In the MICS and living standards have been included the registration of births and
estimation of infant and child mortality, but not all ask for the registration of children
who died at the age of 5 have not been studied. Therefore, for a more in-depth study of
this problem it was necessary to conduct a special examination, which would highlight
the problems that emerged in the country in recent years. To this end, the Agency for
Statistics of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan decided to pro-conduct a special
survey on infant, child and maternal mortality, as well as problems with the registration
in the registry offices. The survey was conducted within the project "Further development of national statistics in the Kyrgyz Republic, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan Statistics 11" with funding support from the European to the Commission and the Office for Cooperation EuropeAid.
Gathering information on births and deaths by interviewing people in households
yielded comprehensive data on both a half-nomu number of dead children, and on the
record by the registry office, which can be used to estimate infant and child mortality
rates, using standard demographic methods and new methods of assessment.
A survey of infant, child and maternal mortality conducted by statistical agencies in
the country in October-November 2010 made it possible to obtain data to study issues
of fertility, infant and maternal mortality, as well as issues related to the study of the
completeness and quality of the data and registering them in the bodies registrar. Information on these mortality rates and causes of mortality are not registered will be used to
refine the current calculations of the population, estimates of life expectancy, fertility
and mortality.
In an analytical report used data from a multi-indicator of cluster Survey (MICS)
of women and children, 2000 and 2005, the survey data the standard of living of 2007,
as well as current statistical data.
The survey provided an opportunity to work out the statistics authorities inquestionnaire and use it later as an additional module in other surveys, as well as use in
evaluating mortality, new international methods - Brass method (for estimating infant
and child mortality) and "Sisterhood method " (to evaluate maternal mortality).
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PART I. METHODOLOGY OF SURVEY
INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
1.1. Aim and targets of survey
The purpose of this survey, infant, child and maternal mortality is to get more information on the survival of children between the ages of 5 years and pregnant women,
as well as the level of registration of births and infant mortality in the registry offices of
the Republic of Tajikistan.
Survey targets are following:
1. Assessment of risk of death of small children in the first year or the first five years of their lives. This is measured by calculating, respectively, in infant mortality and mortality in children under 5 years old. For the
calculations will be applied two methods - the standard method of
estimating infant and child mortality and the method of Brass.
2. Assessment of risk of women deaths due to complications during
pregnancy and childbirth. The measurements were made by calculating the
rate of maternal mortality (with the use of nursing methods).
3. Estimation of the proportion of children whose death was registered by
public authorities (Civil Registry Office), and the reasons for not
registering.
4. Prepare an analytical report on the survey of infant, child and maternal
mortality.
5. Provision of the Government of Tajikistan necessary information on the
survey.
1.2. System of indexes and definitions
The methodology and system of indicators included in the questionnaire on the
component "A survey of infant, child and maternal mortality, developing-las on international standards and taking into account the situation in the Republic of Tajikistan.
The unit of analysis and unit of observation in the survey of infant, child and
maternal mortality is a private household, its members aged 15-49 (men and women)
and children, Ro-divshiesya in 2004.
The
survey
used
the
following
terms
and
definitions:
The head of household. Usually, people have a clear understanding of who is the head
of household, and may themselves determine the title. If there is doubt, then, most
elderly people who can clearly answer the questions, can be regarded as the head of the
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household. Head of household can be male or female.В обследовании использовались следующие термины и определения:
Household. This is a group of people living together and dividing the total food.
Household members usually eat food cooked in a hearth, and they distribute the cost of
collection and cooking of food. A household may include people not related to him,
such as servants. This concept differs from the concept of "family" which consists of a
family - either blood ties or by marriage. Household can also consist of one person or
one family, or be a big family. The household also differs from the concept of "home":
the first - a group of people, the second - this building.
Authorised person. A person who is responsible on behalf of another person who
is absent or unable (unwilling) to answer.
Respondent. The person answering for the survey. In this survey on mortality, can
usually be different respondents within the household: people in the age group 15-49
years.
Habitual residence. Households consist of people who usually live in one
dwelling, are unified budget and eat together. There may be situations where it is
difficult to determine if a person lives usually people in the household or not:
temporary visitors are not considered as household members and should
not be included in the poll, but the permanent members of the household
who is temporarily visiting other households (temporarily unavailable)
should be included;
servant - a member of the household if he / she usually lives in the
household;
a person who lives alone - a household with one person.
1.3. Sampling methodology
The project is a pilot, so the sampling design was developed in such a way as to
generate representative data on key indicators (fertility, infant, child and maternal
mortality, the registration of births and deaths) of the population and the urban and rural
areas of Tajikistan. A survey of mortality conducted in five major administrativeterritorial units: the city of Dushanbe, RRP, Sogd, Khatlon, GBAO, which allows us to
obtain sufficiently reliable results.
Construction of the sample for the survey was conducted separately for urban and
rural areas. A base for construction of a sample survey served as the database is
registered with the registry office of births in 2004. In urban area used one-step
standard procedure for systematic sampling with a random selection from the beginning
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of a database registered with the registry office of births in 2004, followed by a sample
of addresses from the documentary records of births in 2004.
Through the countryside used a two-stage probability sampling. In the first stage
formed the sample of primary sampling units (PSUs - jamoats and villages) from a
database of rural settlements as of 01/01/2010, drafted on the basis of current
population statistics in proportion to population in the regions.
Table 1. Population by urban and rural area, by regions on 01.01.2010
Republic
GBAO
Sorg
Khatlon
Dushanbe
RRP
Population, thsnd people
total
urban
7529,6
1987,5
220,6
29,3
2216,9
560,4
2700,2
464,5
706,1
706,1
1685,8
227,2
rural
5542,1
191,3
1656,5
2235,7
1458,6
total
1,000
0,029
0,294
0,359
0,094
0,224
Frequency
urban
1,0000
0,0147
0,2820
0,2337
0,3553
0,1143
rural
1,0000
0,0345
0,2989
0,4034
0,0000
0,2632
In the second stage is carried out the sample of household addresses from the
documentary records of registered births in 2004, within the selected PSUs in the first
stage (sub-districts). In general, rural areas of the republic was formed by 144 PSUs.
There were surveyed 20 households in each PSU.
Table 2. Final sample distribution by regions
Republic
GBAO
Sorg
Khatlon
Dushanbe
RRP
Number of selected
Frequency
households
Number of clusters
by rural area
total
urban
rural
total
urban
rural
144
6340
3460
2880
1,0000 1,0000
1,0000
5
140
40
100
0,0221 0,0116
0,0347
43
1840
980
860
0,2902 0,2832
0,2986
58
1960
800
1160
0,3091 0,2312
0,4028
1340
1340
0
0,2114 0,3873
0,0000
38
1060
300
760
0,1672 0,0867
0,2639
The total sample size was 6340 households in urban areas - 3460 households
(54,6%) in rural areas - 2880 households (45,4%). By region sample was distributed as
follows: GBAO - 140 households (2,2%), Sogd - 1840 households (29,2%), Khatlon
oblast - 1960 households (30,9%), Dushanbe - 1340 households (21,1%), RRP - 1060
households (16,7%). (Table 2).
Geographically, the structure of the survey covers the entire country, and has an
evaluation information at the level of urban and rural areas. To obtain sufficiently
reliable results of the entire population of Tajikistan has developed a special procedure
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for sampling (scheme), which resulted by random sampling was selected 48 districts of
58 and 48 of the 71 urban settlement and 142 rural and village jamoat with subordinate
rural settlement (144 cluster) of 381. Feature representation in the sample of territorial
units at various levels up to the selection of PSUs is shown in Table 3.
Table 3. Distribution of represened in the sample of territorial units dy different levels
Regions
Tajikistan
GBAO
Sorg
Khatlon
Dushanbe
RRP
Districts
Sample
Total
48
58
5
7
13
14
24
24
6
13
Towns and villages
Sample
Total
51
71
1
1
19
30
22
25
1
1
8
14
Jamoats dekhot
Sample
Total
142
5
43
58
36
381
43
97
139
102
Condition survey was not resolved replacement households - it was necessary to
interview exactly a household where the child lives in the sample. In general, the poll
received 71% fully or partially completed the interview. Due to the fact that the population of urban settlements is very actively involved in all types of migration, the survey results in full or partially completed amounted to 60,7% (4498 households), the
city of Dushanbe - 47,7% (640 households). In the countryside their share amounted to
83,3% (2399 households).
At number of partially completed questionnaires to households include those
households in which someone from the members to be questioned absent (dead or temporarily moved), refused to answer questions one of the modules, or at the time of the
survey were sent on mission to him more than 49 years.
1
1
During the sample on the Districts of Republican Subordination (RRP) the districts of Rasht area were excluded
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Table 4. Survey results
Survey results
Total
Interview
finished
completely
Interview
finished
partly
Was out
of home
Refusal
Household
was not
found
Other
Number of interviewed
Total
Urban
Rural
Dushanbe
Khatlon
Sogd
RRP
GBAO
6340
3460
2880
1340
1960
1840
1060
140
4422
2056
2366
629
1323
1557
820
93
79
46
33
11
22
29
13
4
36
13
23
4
1
3
28
-
21
16
5
7
4
4
6
-
1506
1169
337
597
521
214
157
17
276
160
116
92
89
33
36
26
Total
Urban
Rural
Dushanbe
Khatlon
Sogd
RRP
GBAO
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
69,7
59,4
82,2
46,9
67,5
84,6
77,4
66,4
1,2
1,3
1,1
0,8
1,1
1,6
1,2
2,9
%
0,6
0,4
0,8
0,3
0,1
0,2
2,6
-
0,3
0,5
0,2
0,5
0,2
0,2
0,6
-
23,8
33,8
11,7
44,6
26,6
11,6
14,8
12,1
4,4
4,6
4,0
6,9
4,5
1,8
3,4
18,6
The survey results for the calculation of infant, child and maternal mortality rates
were weighted by assigning an appropriate weight of each individual unit of observation - the person. Using the method of iterative weighting sample, using as all the data
population on 1 January 2010.
1.4. Core survey components
The main component of the survey questionnaire is designed by international consultants. Also developed Guidelines on how to conduct surveys of infant, child and
maternal mortality. The questionnaire is divided into four main sections or modules,
each of which contains a specific topic.
• Module "Data of the household" is the title page of the questionnaire. Information on this module is filled regardless of the final results of the interview. It provides the information necessary to determine the household as
well as some of the key results of the interviews. All question numbers on
household begin with the letter "H".
• Module "List of members of the household." This module contains information on all household members who usually live in it. For each person there
is a line number in the first column (R1). Other modules can relate to this liAGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
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ne number to identify the person in the household. All questions of the module begin with the letter «R».
• • Module "Reproduction" Interviewed all the women members of
households aged 15-49, each of them filled with some form of this module
on reproduction. The module contains information on all births and deaths
of children who were at the woman throughout her life. This information is
necessary for a complete list of all children and for the calculation of infant
and child (age 5) mortality. All questions of the module begin with the letter
«F».
• Module "Child mortality". This module is filled with all women, members
of the household aged 15-49 who have ever had live births. This information
can be obtained from the module "Reproduction", and only for those women
who had children, and for which the module is filled with "Reproduction" is
filled with a module on"Child mortality". Based on the information
presented in this module - possible to calculate infant and child (age 5)
mortality. In addition, the module provides information on registering of
births and deaths, and the reasons for non-registering of births and deaths.
All questions of the module begin with the letter "C".
• Module "Maternal mortality". Interviewed all household members, aged 1549 years (women and men), and information on each respondent to fill in a
separate form. Module requests information on all the brothers and sisters of
the respondent, who were born by his mother. All questions of the module
begin with the letter "M ".
1.5. Interview and data processing
Survey on infant, child and maternal mortality was conducted by the Agency on
Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan within 19 calendar days from
October 23 to November 10, 2010 by specially trained experts. There were created 18
groups: 4 in Dushanbe, 1 - in GBAO, 3 - in the RRP, the 5 – in the Sogd and Khatlon
regions. Each group includes 1 supervisor and 3 interviewers. Total in the survey
attended by 18 supervisors and 55 interviewers. On average, every interviewer must
conduct 115 interviews (six interviews a day).
The survey was conducted by interviewing people in selected households and
record answers to questions in the questionnaire survey. The survey was conducted by
the interviewer through direct visits to the household. In the absence of the household at
the time of the survey include a visit to the household to three times.
Supervisors were given lists of children in the sample of urban and jamoats and
addresses where they lived in 2004. It was necessary to clarify the address of the
residence of the child at the time of the survey and pro-poll lead is in the household,
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where he currently resides rebbe, films, ensnared in the sample. Replace the household
was not allowed.
Table 5. Burden distribution per interviewer by regions
total
Republic
GBAO
Sorg
Khatlon
Dushanbe
RRP
Numbers of households
urban
rural
6340
3460
2880
140
40
100
1840
980
860
1960
800
1160
1340
1340
0
1060
300
760
Numbers
of group
18
1
5
5
4
3
Numbers of
interviewers
55
2
16
16
12
9
Burden per interviewer
total
per day
115,3
6,1
70,0
3,7
115,0
6,1
122,5
6,4
111,7
5,9
117,8
6,2
Program data input on the survey was designed using the software CSPro 3.3,
which among other things, include the necessary range checking and consistency of
data. When entering data was placed under the control of the variables on the basis of
existing rules set out in the questionnaire.
After collecting and entering data, the survey was created a database containing a
list of indicators. The database is in the latter was exported to the format of software for
statistical analysis SPSS-15. Tabs output tables are also carried out by software SPSS15. Based on survey data of about 20 output tables, taking into account the weight of
the total population, which presents data on urban and rural areas of the country.
Scheme for processing the survey data provides:
• record preliminary information from the questionnaire forms on computers and
its logical control;
• calculation of individual weights;
• formation of aggregated data in tabular form using of software SPSS;
• data analysis;
• preparation and issue a report;
• presentation of the survey to users;
• dissemination of results;
• archiving of documents for inspection.
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1.6. Socio-demographic population characteristics
In 4501 all or part of the households surveyed had received responses from 29804
people in urban area - 13349 people (44,8%) in rural areas - 16455 people (55,2%).
Among the respondents, men were 14 607 people (49,0%), women - 15197 men
(51,0%). Distribution of surveyed age groups of population was as follows: the population aged 15-49 years amounted to 12579 persons, men - 5997 persons (47,7%), women
- 6,582 persons (52,3%), children under 1 year 675 people (boys - 356, Girls - 319 persons), children under 5 years - 4919 people (male - 2558 people, girls - 2321 people)
Table 6. Population of survyed persons by age
Total
Total
Men
Women
Urban
Men
Women
Rural
Мужчины
Женщины
29804
14607
15197
13349
6515
6834
16455
8092
8363
Persons
under 1
1-4
year
years
675
4244
356
2202
319
2042
294
1530
151
739
143
791
381
1236
205
1104
176
932
15-49 years
12579
5997
6582
5699
2713
2986
6893
3293
3600
under 1
year
2,3
2,4
2,1
2,2
2,3
2,1
2,3
2,5
2,1
%
1-4
years
14,2
15,1
13,4
11,5
11,3
11,6
7,5
13,6
11,1
15-49 years
42,2
41,1
43,3
42,7
41,6
43,7
41,9
40,7
43,0
The average size of households surveyed was 6,6 persons: in urban areas - 6.4
persons, in rural areas – 6,9 persons
Table 7. Average household size by survey’s data, persons
Urban
Tajikistan
GBAO
Sorg
Khatlon
Dushanbe
RRP
Rural
6,4
5,6
6,2
6,3
6,5
6,6
Total
6,9
6,4
6,4
7,1
7,2
6,6
6,2
6,3
6,8
6,5
7,1
Have different levels of education 97.8% of respondents aged 15 and older, men 98,2%, women - 97,5%.
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Table 8. Educational level of interviewed population in the age of 15 years and elder
Total
high
secondary technical
secondary completed
secondary
general
primary
doesn’t have
not standard
don’t know
men
7133
1243
Persons
women
7840
499
men
100,0
17,4
%
women
100,0
6,4
total
14973
1742
total
100,0
11,6
869
552
1421
12,2
7,0
9,5
3762
4484
8246
52,7
57,2
55,1
980
154
97
24
4
1833
279
187
1
5
2813
433
284
25
9
13,7
2,2
1,4
0,3
0,1
23,4
3,6
2,4
0,0
0,1
18,8
2,9
1,9
0,2
0,1
When analyzing and comparing the survey data of infant, child and maternal mortality data of current statistics and other surveys should consider the following specific
points of inspection:
• It was a contemporaneous survey which was conducted in October-November.
• Method of survey. The survey was conducted with the words of the respondents
without the requirement documents.
The sample did not include 7 districts of republican subordination.
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Part II. ANALYSIS OF INFANT, CHILD AND MMATERNAL MORTALITY IN
THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN.
ESTIMATION OF THE DATA COVERAGE AND DATA QUALITY
Carrying out a qualitative analysis of the demographic situation in Tajikistan is
complicated by deterioration in the quality of population data. Reliability of the
information affects the accuracy of calculations of many demographic indicators,
particularly life expectancy, population size, fertility and mortality. Therefore, in the
situation assessment of the quality and completeness of data on the population and,
above all, data on fertility and mortality is important.
To assess the quality of data on population statistics authorities of the republic is
constantly carried out some work. Various methods of analysis, evaluation and
comparison data.
This report will be submitted to the survey results in comparison with other studies
and data of current statistics on births and deaths
2.1. System of statistical data collection on population growth (birth and death)
The country collection, development and compilation of vital statistics (births,
deaths, marriages and divorces) are assigned to the statistical authorities. Registration of
births, deaths, marriages and divorces performed in the departments of civil registry
(Registry Office), Ministry of Justice and jamoats (village administration) of rural
settlements, where filled Documents on marital status and given the population of the
birth, death, marriage and divorce.
Law (Family Code) of the Republic of Tajikistan provides deadlines for
registering births - within 1 month, death - within three days. Registration of births and
deaths by parents (or relatives), and the death of children in the first weeks of life health care providers.
Second copies of the documentary records are received each month in the regional
statistical offices. For an assembly accounts of death and stillbirth attached medical
certificate of death (stillbirth), indicating the cause of death (stillbirth). Further
Documents on marital status are transferred to the Main Computing Centre of the
Agency for Statistics of the President's Office) for further development.
Preliminary results are published in the quarterly report on the socio-economic
situation of the Republic of Tajikistan. Complete development of the Ito-gov vital
statistics (gender, age, nationality, place of residence, cause of death and other
indicators) is the statistical authorities once a year.
Such a system of registration, and dissemination of data on vital statistics in Tajikistan, established in 1924 and exist to this day.
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Documents on marital status and medical death certificates are basic and the most
comprehensive source for information on fertility and mortality.
The main requirements for this system to the sources of data on births and deaths
for the statistics are:
timeliness of registration;
quality of submissions - the completeness and accuracy of filling the data in
the documentary records and medical certificates of death.
2.2 Analysis of data on birth and deth for the period of 1989-2000
(by registration in register ofiices CRO)
Over 20 years of transition the demographic situation in the Republic of Tajikistan
has changed and developed it under the influence not only economic crisis but also the
demographic transition from high fertility to low fertility, low mortality rates.
Currently, the overall mortality rate of 4,2-4,4 per 1000 population, total fertility rate 27-28 per 1000 population. Declining birth rates in Tajikistan started in the 70-ies of the
XX century.
Studying the demographics of the data developed by statistical services on the
basis of coming from the registry office of the documentary records, it is necessary on
the one hand, to assess the direct impact of the demographic transition in the figures, on
the other hand, how these changes relate to the completeness and quality of registration
of births and deaths.
During these years, the completeness and timeliness of registration of births and
deaths registry offices within the period prescribed by law, particularly acute, as
registry offices following situation:
decreased registration of births and deaths (especially children died at the
age of 5 years), marriage and divorce;
violated terms of registration of births and deaths, established by law;
decreased quality of entries in the documentary records and medical
certificates of death.
All this has led to the fact that fertility, mortality, particularly infant, child and
maternal mortality (women who died during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum
period), beginning in 1994, an annual decline.
Thus, according to data presented in Annexx Table 2, the registration of births
from 1989 to 2000 decreased by 1,8 times (from 200,400 in 1989 to 110,500 in 2000).
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Number of registered births in the register offices, perons
However, besides the general decline in birth registration is a particular problem is
"Late Registration" that is birth registration in the registry offices in violation of the
terms established by law. During these years, we have a situation where the parents
have started to register their children and receive a birth certificate, when the child is
more than three years old when the child draw up a kindergarten or school. In the years
1994-2003, "Late Registration" by various estimates, up to 40%.
But the biggest problem has developed with the registration of deaths of children
age 5 and maternal mortality. If the whole period from 1989 to 2000, registration of
deaths has decreased by 20,7% (from 33,395 to 26,492 cases), the registration of deaths
in children under 1 year decreased by 4 times (from 8673 to 2102 cases), children 1-4
years - in 3,4 times (from 4364 to 1267 cases).
Number of registered children who were die, under 5 years age, persons
10000
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
chi l dre n, di e d i n the a ge of unde r 1 ye a r
chi l dre n di e d i n the a ge of 1-4 ye a rs
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Registration of women dying during pregnancy, childbirth and after postpartum
period decreased by 25,6% (from 78 to 58 cases).
Number of women, who were die during pregnancy, delivering and postpartum period, by information from registry offices, persons
The main reasons for this situation were:
introduction to the registry offices registration fee and birth certificate in the
amount of $ 3 for a death certificate - $ 2;
decline registration of births in the period prescribed by law, which led to a
decrease in the registration of children who died at the age of 5 years;
increase in the number of home deliveries, often without medical staff (their
share was more than 40%);
decline registration of marriages in registry offices - children born of undocumented marriage on registered "with the establishment of paternity." If the
father is absent (in labor migration), the wife is waiting for her husband to
enroll the child in his name. Registration of marriages from 1989 to 2000 decreased by 1,8 times (from 47,616 to 26,597).
This situation has created many problems and this issue in subsequent years was
paid enough attention on the part of stakeholders bathrooms ministries and agencies and
from the Government. Was reduced fee for registration of births to 1 dollar, adopted the
Law "On regulation of traditions, celebration and ceremonies" (June 8, 2007, № 272),
decreased the proportion of home births (13%), increased registration of marriages (in
3,8 times ). All this has led to positive changes and impact on the growth of birth registration in the registry offices.
After 2000, the registration of births annually grown and in 2009 co-put up to
235,400 children, have increased by 2 times. From 2000 to 2009 was detected births in
the period prescribed by law has grown in 1,6 times. However, the proportion of "Late
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Registration" is still high and on data for 2009 was 26,3% or 62000 children were registered in the registry offices of breach of terms of registration.
The situation in the registration of deaths continues to be critical. Pla-ta for the
registration of the death of both adults and children is $ 2, which is not turns out to be a
positive influence on the growth of registration of deaths of children. At the burial of
the deceased adult allowance is issued, and the funeral of a child - no. As a result, indicators of registration of deaths of adults (aged 18 and older) for the period 2000-2009
increased by 19,6% and sotavili in 2009, 26,700 people died at the age of children under 1 year increased by 33,9% (from 2102 to 2814), and children who died at the age of
1-4 years have decreased in 1,9 times (from 1,267 to 674).
Registration of women dying from pregnancy, childbirth and after delivery period
also declined over this period, 1,5 times (from 58 to 40 cases).
These data show that there are some positive results in the registration, especially
birth and not weighty enough to register the death of children. Is it correctly reflect the
real situation - down, stabilize or grow? In these circumstances it was necessary to conduct additional analysis and to this end by statistical survey was conducted in infant,
child and maternal mortality, whose results are presented in the next part of the analytical report.
Reference:
In the Republic from 2000-2009 by data from the register offices (CRO) children were
die in the following ages:
under 1 year – 22249
1-4 years – 9421
5-17 years – 8108
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Part III. RESULTS OF SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL
MORTALITY OF POPULATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN
3.1. Results of survey on birth registration in the Civil Registry Office
The question of birth registration included in the survey, conducted in the republic
since 2000: Multi-Indicator Cluster Survey of Women and Children (2000 and 2005)
and surveys of living standards (2003 and 2007). This question was included to the survey of infant, child and maternal mortality rates in 2010. Data from these surveys indicate positive changes in the issues of birth registration.
The level of birth registration
The following table according to surveys from 2000 to 2010 enjoyed a steady
growth in the birth registration of children. So, if in 2000 the proportion of children registered in the registry offices under the age of 5 years was 74,6% in 2003 – 83,3%, in
2005 – 88,3% , in 2010 – 95,3 %.
Data about registration of children in the age of under 5 years, by number of months
(survey data) , in %
MICS - 2000
LSST - 2003
MICS - 2005
Survey on Infant, Child and
Maternal Mortality - 2010
urban
rural
boys
girs
Dushanbe
Khatlon
Sogd
RRP
GBAO
Less then
6-11
12-23 24-35
36-47
48-59
6 monts
44,9
60,6
74,4
78,2
84,8
87,6
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
82,1
86,8
90,0
90,5
91,8
Total
74,6
83,3
88,3
87,1
94,4
95,6
96,1
96,9
96,4
95,3
83,0
90,3
85,8
88,6
66,0
89,1
96,1
83,3
66,7
94,6
94,2
95,6
93,2
88,9
95,1
100,0
85,1
100,0
93,9
96,7
95,1
96,1
81,7
98,3
99,2
94,4
88,9
96,0
96,1
96,4
95,7
91,0
96,8
97,6
95,6
90,9
97,4
96,6
97,5
96,3
97,1
96,7
97,9
96,7
82,4
96,5
96,3
95,8
96,9
94,7
96,0
97,8
95,7
94,1
94,7
95,7
95,1
95,5
88,9
96,0
98,0
94,0
88,8
However, despite the steady growth in registration of births, the proportion of
children registered during the first year of life saved at a lower level than in later ages by the 2000 survey to first year of life was reported only 60,6% of children in 2005 year
- 82,1%, in 2010 - 94,4%.
The highest level of registration of births is observed in Sogd - to 5 years in the
proportion of registered births was 98.0%. The lowest rates of birth registration in the
city of Dushanbe and GBAO, and in 2010 amounted to 88,9% and 88,8%.
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Data about registration of children in the age of under 5 years, by regions, in %
MICS – 2000
LSST - 2003
MICS - 2005
Survey on Infant, Child
and Maternal Mortality
- 2010
Republic
74,6
83,3
88,3
Dushanbe
62,2
82,1
82,7
Sogd
92,0
94,3
93,6
Khatlon
71,1
82,4
89,5
GBAO
74,1
76,2
90,8
RRP
62,9
73,1
80,9
95,3
88,9
98,0
96,0
88,8
94,0
By statistical demographic indicators of fertility and mortality are estimated for the
year. These estimates are used in calculating the population, mortality tables and life
expectancy, general and age-specific fertility and mortality, so it was important for the
survey to explore these issues by year of birth.
If we analyze the data registration of births for 2010, the level of birth registration
in the registry offices for the whole country is 89,6% in urban areas – 86,8% in rural
areas - 91,9%. By regions level of birth registration in the first year of life ranges from
75% in Dushanbe, to 97,6% - in Sogdiana. N other regions the level of registration is:
the RRS and Badakhshan - 85% in Khatlon - 90,6%. With age, the child is not registered share is reduced, but continues to persist. The level of registration of children born
in 2009 amounts to 95,6% in urban areas – 94,3% in rural areas - 96,5%. But the lowest
birth registration continues to persist in Dushanbe.
The problem with the registration of births exists at a later age children - even to 10
years (children born 2001) is about 3% of children having no registration in the registry
office and organh not obtain a birth certificate (in Dushanbe about 6% of children). The
question is - and whether the children are learning in school without birth certificate? In
schools, for admission of students, must appear on the birth certificate.
The survey revealed a fairly low rate of registration of children born in 2003 (90,9%) in
all regions.
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Birth registration level, by year of birth and residence, by survey data, in %
100,0
98,0
percentage, %
96,0
94,0
92,0
90,0
88,0
urba n
86,0
rura l
84,0
82,0
80,0
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
and
earl i er
Large differences in the registration of births of boys and girls are not observed,
but even so the level of birth registration of girls by about 0,5-1 percentage points higher.
Reasons for non-registering births
When the survey took into account a list of reasons, which was adopted in other
surveys:
• high cost;
• far;
• do not know what necessary to record;
• did not know where to register;
• no time;
• other;
• i don’t know.
The greatest share among the reasons have to answer "other" and "I do not know"
- 38,7% and 31,1% respectively. Among “other” reasons are such as "lack of documentation","late in registering", "did not want to register". The high specific weight of answere “don’t know” is about low awareness of parents about theirs and child’s rights.
And as a result, parents are not going to register the birth of the child, believing that this
is no longer necessary as the registration of birth in later, than the time prescribed by
law, the fee is higher than the period specified by law. Therefore, parents postpone this
process until the moment when it will be necessary, for example, give the child to
school.
For other reasons, the share of non-registration of births is differentiated by region,
by area, age of the child.
As shown by the survey data the high cost, as it did in previous years, is no longer
the main reason for non-registering and reached 4,5%, while for children aged under 5
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years - 8,9%. According to MICS - 2005, the high cost of registration, as one of the reasons for not registering the birth, was for children under 5 years of 41,6%.
In total, the reasons for not registering the birth "no time" reduces arrive at the
11,5% of the answers, "do not know what to register" - 7,1%,"far away"- 6,5%,"did not
know where to register"- 0,7%.
It should be noted that in urban areas the proportion of reasons "high cost" and "no
time" is higher than in rural areas is 5,3% and 13,5% against 3,7% and 9,7%. At the
same time, the share of reasons "far" and "do not know what to record in rural areas
than in urban areas and rural soctavili 7,5% and 8,1% against 5,3% and 6,0% in urban
areas.
The largest proportion of births are not registered because of the "high cost" is
marked in Dushanbe and Khatlon region - 5,6% and 5,2%, due to "far away" - in Khatlon (7,6%) and Sogd (14,8 ) areas, "do not know what to record - in Sogd (13,6%) and
RRP (10,8%). In GBAO, these issues are not reasons for not registering. In Badakhshan
has the highest proportion of the reasons for "no time" - 23,8%, in Dushanbe - 18,1%,
in RRP - 16,5%. In Khatlon to share this cause has 6,7% and in Sogd - only 1,1%
Reasons for non-registration of borth in urban area, in %
high cost
5%
far
5%
don't know
31%
don't know what
necessary to
record
6%
didn't know
where to
register
0%
no time
14%
other
39%
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Reasons for non-registration of borth in rural area, in %
high cost
4%
far
7%
don't know
31%
no time
10%
don't know
what necessary
to record
8%
didn't know
where to
register
1%
other
39%
Regarding reasons for not registering the birth year of birth of the child (or age),
then the younger the child, the higher the proportion of the causes of "high cost" and
"no time". For children born between 2006-2010, these causes accounted for 8,9% and
24,1%, whereas for children born 2001-2005 – 4,4% and 8.3% respectively. With age
of child the specific weight of the causes of "far" and "do not know what to register" is
growing. For children born between 2001-2005 in the proportion of those reasons have
to 8,3% and 11,5% , for children born before 2001 – 7,0%, and for children born between 2006-2010 – 4,4% and 3,9%. Also with the child's age increases the share of answers "other" and "I do not know" and a total of 58,1% for children born 2006-2010
cities, 66,3% - for children born between 2001-2005 and 81,8% - for children born before 2001.
Mother's education influences the level of birth registration. The lowest rate of
registration is observed in mothers with no primary education (92,9%) and highest
among mothers with secondary vocational and secondary education total - 97%. The
level of birth registration of children of mothers with primary and secondary education
amounted to 96,3% and 96,5% respectively. Sufficiently low levels of birth registration
of children were seen in women with higher education - 96,1%.
Birth registration also depends on whether the child is alive or dead. At the time of
the survey the number of children ever born to women aged 15-49 years amounted to
18298 persons. Of these, 17272 were alive people or 94,4%, died children - 1026
(5,6%). Of the children alive at the time of the survey birth was registered in 17080
children (98,9%) who died - at 618 people (60,2%). That is, 40% of deceased children
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birth was not registered. In urban areas the proportion of these children was 42,1% in
rural areas - 38,1%. In Dushanbe, the proportion of such children is 56,1% in GBAO 48,4%. Even in Sogd, where the share register of births is the highest, not the birth was
registered in 27,7% of children died.
This situation with the registration, especially of children who died directly affects
the quality and complete data provided in the statistical offices of the Registry Office
and as a result, affects the rates of infant and child mortality.
Given that parents do not always register the birth of the child, the more they have
no incentive to register the birth of a child is already dead and still pay for it. If among
the reasons for not recording a live child answers "other" and "not know" are 56,5%,
"no time" - 26,9% and "high cost" - 13,0%, the reasons for not registering the birth of
the deceased child's answers "Other" and "Do not know" are 76,1%, "no time" - 4,2%,
"he did not know that it is necessary to regist" - 10,3% and "far" - 8,8%.
3.2. Estimation of the birth level
According shown in the previous part survey of births registration of children can
be seen that the annual underestimation is about 10%, that is, if the data of registry office, in 2009, was registered within the period prescribed by law 173.4 thousand children, in fact, this number should be 17 – 20 thousand more.
To assess the level of fertility statistical bodies using several indicators, among
them the most frequently used: the total fertility rate, age-specific fertility rates and total
fertility rate.
The total fertility rate was calculated by the formula:
TFR =
N
* 1000
P
where, N- number of born children, P – population
According to data presented in Annex in Table 3 shows that the overall birth rate
coefficient, calculated on the basis of births registration from 1989 to 2000 declined
from 38.8 per 1000 population to 17.9 in subsequent years have seen its growth – to
2009 to 23.3 per 1000 population.
By survey data the general fertility rates, calculated on a two-year period
from 2010 to 2006, fluctuating between 25 to 30 per 1000 population, which is average
for this
period is
27,5 per
1000 of
the
population, in urban areas – 25,7 ,
in rural 28,2 per 1000 population. And in dynamics is traced its decline.
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Birth rate index, per 1000 population
Period
1989
1995
2000
2010
2005-2006
2006-2007
2007-2008
2008-2009
2009-2010
In average for 2006-2010
total
urban
Calculated based on data from birth registration in
established by law
38,8
28,4
29,4
24,9
17,8
13,9
23,3
22,0
Data of survey 2010 года
26,6
23,3
30,4
28,0
26,5
25,6
27,4
25,1
25,0
23,4
27,5
25,7
rural
term
43,7
31,1
20,8
23,7
27,8
31,3
26,9
28,1
25,6
28,2
From the data shows that in comparison with 1989 the total fertility rate fell by 10
promille points, but its rate of decline was lower than the registration data. And in general, the dynamics can be traced its decline.
Estimated fertility rates according to birth registration and survey,
per 1000 population
45,0
40,0
35,0
Total birth registration
30,0
25,0
Registration at term establish
by law
20,0
15,0
10,0
Estimation of birth rate index by
survey data
5,0
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
0,0
Also according to the survey it was possible to estimate age-specific fertility rates
(fertility) and the total fertility rate.
Age-specific fertility rates were calculated using the formula:
К пр =
Nbi
х1000
Nwi
where, Рi – number of birth in age i;
Nwi – number of women in age i
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Summary fertility rate were calculated using the formula:
К ср = ∑
Рi
Чi
As seen in the table on survey data, significant differences in the levels of the
age of fertility (fertility) of women on urban and rural areas is observed - the total fertility
rate-the
SFP2 for
the
whole
country for
the period 2006-2010 is
3,6 child in urban areas – 3,3
and the
rural 3,7. In comparison with 1989 shows that setting the number of children in the family changed to average child index (3 – 4 of the Child in the family). And especially
the reduction in the number of children among women who are living in the rural area from 6,1 in 1989 to 3,7 in 2006-2010. In urban areas the number of children per
1 woman declined by only 0,16 points.
Age-specific coefficients of birth per 1000 women
1989
urban
rural
1995
urban
rural
2000
urban
rural
2006-2010
urban
rural
Mother’s age
15-19 20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44 45-49 15-49
38,50 302,13 281,66 208,15 124,51 55,35
9,09 172,63
38,59 233,24 200,62 128,14
61,15 21,33
2,52 116,28
38,46 332,52 322,45 257,47 171,91 83,75 14,23 203,08
60,74 269,29 237,47 169,67
98,90 34,71
5,27 147,81
56,22 238,81 199,81 135,62
66,79 17,88
2,84 120,93
62,35 281,46 253,49 184,75 114,31 43,67
6,69 159,35
41,77 207,50 188,19 140,70
85,11 31,10
3,67 110,52
46,42 205,94 166,80 117,26
62,45 17,37
2,02
98,85
40,24 208,05 196,91 151,01
95,08 37,21
4,44 115,13
Data of survey 2010
3,6
121,9
265,4
169,4
99,8
43,6
11,6
103,3
4,6
134,7
241,3
152,9
74,6
35,5
10,8
94,6
3,2
117,6
273,5
175,6
110,7
47,1
11,9
106,5
Summary
coefficient
5,104
3,430
6,115
4,385
3,592
4,740
3,493
3,092
3,669
3,576
3,272
3,698
From the data we can conclude that in the early 90-ies of XX century with the beginning of economic and political reforms fertility declined fairly rapidly, but the last
10 years (since 2000) in-group decline slowed somewhat. According to the survey data the totalfertility rate varies from 25-30 per 1000 population, the SFR is on the level
of 3,4 children per a woman of fertile age (15-49 years).
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3.3. Results of survey on dead children in the register offices
The question of registration of children’ deaths in the preliminary surveys conducted in the Republic has not been studied. This is the first survey on this issue. There
were included to questionnaire a special module on infant mortality, on of results of
which answer were received data on the level of registration in the register offices deceased children by year of birth, age at death and the reasons are not registered.
According to the responses, the number of deaths of children in surveyed women aged
15-49 years was 1026, of whom 584 boys and 442 girls. Of the total number of deaths
of children are registered in registry offices only 45,5%. Among the dead boys registration level is 46,2%, among girls – 44,5%.
Registration in urban areas is higher than in rural and reached 47,3%, in rural 44,3%. That is more than half of infant deaths in urban areas and rural areas, parents are
not registered in registry offices, and so data on them are not available in the statistical
agencies for the design and analysis.
Moreover, if the birth of the deceased child was not registered in orgsnah registry
office, the chances are that his death would not also registered very high and is 88,2%.
Registration level on dead child by age of death and are type, in %
75,0
80,0
64,8
70,0
60,0
51,2 52,4
50,0
48,0
35,4 33,8
40,0
30,0
61,9
28,7
25,0
20,0
10,0
0,0
fi rst week of
l ife
month
less then
year
urba n
under 2
years
2 years+
rura l
If we consider the data on registration and the age at which child died, the lowest
registration level of occurs during the first week of life - registration level is only
26.6%. With age, the level of registration of child’s death increases - the first month of
life registration level is 34,5%, in the first year - 48,1%, in under two years old - 42,6%
and the age of 2 years or more - 63, 0%.
As for the distribution of responses for reasons no recording of the dead children,
the situation is similar with the causes are not registering the birth of that is the largest
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share falls on the answers "other" (29,3%) and "I do not know" (41,7%). For other reasons, the largest number of respondents referred to the fact that "he did not know what
to register" - 20,8%, "far away" - 4,5% and "no time" - 2,3%. And in urban areas the
specific weight of these answers higher than in rural and it was composed as following 22,3%, 6,7% and 2,7% in rural areas - 19,7%, 3,0% and 2,1 %, respectively.
Depends directly on the level of registration of death of the child from the mother's
education level in the survey was not revealed. The highest level of registration among
mothers with secondary complete education - 46,8%, slightly lower than in mothers
with secondary special and higher education - 45,5% and the lowest rate of registration
among mothers with secondary and primary education - 40.9 %.
Survey data showed that if the situation with the registration of births in the country improves, the registration of deaths of children remains very low and during 20062010, less than 52%.
Registration level on dead child during the first year of life,in %
3.4. Estimation of infant and child mortality by standard method and Brass method
According shown in the previous section data on survey of registration of deaths
of children shows that the annual underestimation is about 50%, that is, if the data of
registry office, for example, in 2009 died 2814 in children under 1 year, in fact, this
number should be 2 times larger.
According to the registration of deaths of children observed an annual decline of
infant2 and child mortality3. According to Table 3 in Annex infant mortality from 1989
to 2000 decreased with 43,3 per 1000 live births to 19,0, and in 2009 was 12,0. By
2
Infant mortality rate – number of children who were die in the age of under 1 year per 1000 livebirths
Child mortality rate – number of children who were die in the age of under 5 years per 1000 livebirths
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analogy with the situation with the infant mortality rate - in 1989 it was equal to 65,0
per 1000 live births in 2000 - 30,5 in 2009 - 14,8.
The question naturally arises, and whether the infant and child mortality declined over 20 years in 2,5 times? And if not, at what level at the
present time is the country on these indicators.
To analyze the dynamics of the infant and the infant mortality rate - down at the
situationwith the quality of data registration in by the current data statistics used data
from the surveys - in 2000 and 2005 was conducted Multi-Indicator Cluster Survey of
the position of women and children, 2003 and 2007 - survey of living standards of the
population. However, the calculation of mortality rates according to the survey-tionsand
the current statistics in different ways. In assessing the infant and child mortalitystatistics for the current direct method is used to estimate the mortality and survey data- a
method of Brass.
Infant and child mortality by direct distribution used to read the following formulas: IMR =
М0
х1000
Nb
CMR =
М 0−4
х1000
Nb
where,
М0 – number of children who were die in the age of under 1 year;
М0-4 – number of children who were die in the age of under 5 years;
Р – number of children was born during the year.
If the infant and child mortality, calculated by the direct method show the mortality
rate
for
the analyzed year, the
coefficients calculated
by
the Brass are estimates for earlier years.
In the survey on infant, child and maternal mortality rates, we estimate mortality
rates by two methods – direct method and the Brass. Data for the calculations by these
methods are obtained modules "infant mortality".
Infant and child mortality rate, calculated by direct method per 1000 livebirths
Years
1989
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Registration data from register offices
IMR
CMR
43,3
65,0
30,6
49,0
19,0
30,5
12,0
16,7
11,4
15,5
10,4
13,6
11,2
14,5
12,0
14,8
Survey data 2010
IMR
CMR
51,1
75,6
58,9
84,2
50,0
75,7
16,4
25,7
38,0
70,8
32,5
49,4
22,2
37,8
21,4
33,9
Infant and child mortality, calculated by the direct method according to the survey as
well as indicators calculated from
the
data
on registration, illustrate
the decline and infant and child mortality rate, yet their level in almost 2 times higher
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and amounts to infant mortality rates of 22 – 32 per 1000 livebirths by child 34 50. In recent years, by urban areas, infant mortality rates higher and the child martality is lower than in rural areas (survey data are shown in table).
Infant and child mortality rate, calculated by direct method by area type, by survey data per 1000 livebirths
Years
Infant mortality rates
urban
rural
23,2
60,4
62,0
61,8
29,5
32,7
25,7
21,7
23,2
1989-1990
1994-1995
1995-1996
1999-2000
2005-2006
2006-2007
2007-2008
2008-2009
2009-2010
Child mortality rates
urban
rural
52,8
83,7
117,4
101,0
85,9
83,6
82,5
73,4
71,4
70,7
48,0
49,8
30,9
40,1
27,9
35,9
38,1
31,7
61,0
68,7
57,9
45,9
40,6
32,4
21,0
21,3
15,7
Infant and child mortality in Tajikistan, calculated by the Brass method, also show
a decline in infant and child mortality, but they are several times higher
than rates calculated by the direct method.
Infant and child mortality rate, calculated by Brass method, by survey data, per 1000
livebirths
Total
Infant mortality rates
urban rural
boys
girls
Total
Child mortality rates
urban rural
boys
girls
2000
89
126
2005
65
58
68
76
54
79
70
83
92
66
2007
46
36
48
54
40
53
42
57
59
48
2010
34
38
33
41
27
50
41
54
53
47
According to the Multi-Indicator Cluster Survey, held in 2000 the infant mortality
rate (under 1 year) was 89 per 1000 live births, child mortality rate (under 5 years) 126. This is 2 times higher than the figures calculated by the direct method. According
to the Census2005, these rates decreased and amounted to 65 and 79, respectively, according to a survey of living standards in 2007 - 46 and 53, according to a survey on
infant, child and maternal mortality rates in 2010 - 34 and 50. Over the past 11 years,
infant and child mortality rates, calculated by the Brass, fell more than 2 times.
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Estimation of infant mortality rate, per 1000 livebirths
100,0
90,0
89
80,0
70,0
direct method by survey
data
65
60,0
50,0
direct method by data of
CRO
46
40,0
34
30,0
Brass method (survey)
20,0
10,0
0,0
1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Estimation of child mortality rate, per 1000 livebirths
140,0
120,0
126
100,0
direct method by survey
data
80,0
direct method by data of
CRO
79
60,0
40,0
53 50
Brass method (survey)
20,0
0,0
1989 19911993 19951997 1999 20012003 20052007 2009
From all
the
above we
can
conclude that
the coefficients of
infant mortality are fluctuating
between 25
to 45 per
1000 live
births and infant mortality - from 35 to 55.
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3.5. Estimation of maternal mortality by indirect sisterhood method
Maternal mortality is estimated by statistical bodies for the following reasons of
death among women:
during pregnancy;
during delivery;
in the period after childbirth.
Maternal mortality is estimated by the direct method when the number
of women dying per year from these causes, correlates with the number of live births by
the following formula:
MMR =
Md
100000
N
The level of registration of maternal mortality conditions of the survey could not
be assessed because the number of women who are die during pregnancy, delivery and
postpartum reriode quite small and the probability to hit of these deaths in a sample
survey of almost equal "zero." So from the data in Table 3 in Annex shows that in the
last decade, the number of deaths of women for these reasons that annual rate of 30-60
cases, and maternal mortality rates is 15-17 per 100000 live births.
To estimate the maternal mortality survey using the direct method of calculation
was not possible and has been used Sisterhood indirect method where maternal mortality is estimated from the answers of respondents aged 15-49 years of all their brothers
and sisters living and dead, but for sisters who died in age of 15 years and older separately identifiable cause of death during pregnancy, delivery and the postpartum period
(within 6 weeks after birth).
In comparing the maternal mortality data obtained by the indirect method of nursing must be understood that these figures correspond to the level of mortality, existed
10-14 years ago, so the calculation used the average for the period 1995-2000, total fertility rate, equal to 4.0. Also please be aware that by this method estimates the number
of maternal deaths could be included deaths sisters during pregnancy and after birth
period is not associated with pregnancy, such as accidents, etc.
This method was first applied in the country to assess the maternal mortality rate
according to Multi-Indicator Cluster Survey of women and children conducted by UNICEF and the SSC in 2005. While maternal mortality was estimated at 97 per 100,000
live births, which corresponds to the level of maternal mortality 1990-1995.According
to current statistics in this period, maternal mortality rate is 53-87 per 100000 live
births.
According to our survey maternal mortality rate is 86 per 100,000 live births,
and complies with mortality 1996-2001. According to current statistics in this period,
maternal mortality rate is 45-53 per 100000 live births. The calculations of maternal
mortality is given in the following table (ata are weighted):
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Aged
Age
groups
index
(1)
(2)
15-19
1
868959
2 399 900
0,107
256 789
0
0,000
20-24
2
833161
2 301 033
0,206
474 013
723
0,002
25-29
3
645926
1 783 925
0,343
611 886
1 777
0,003
30-34
4
506485
1 304 336
0,503
656 081
1 596
0,002
35-39
5
443800
1 261 127
0,664
837 389
3 387
0,004
40-44
6
393705
1 126 003
0,882
993 134
5 266
0,005
45-49
7
366377
1 032 243
0,900
929 019
3 605
0,004
4 058 413
11 208 567
4 758 311
16 354
0,003
Sx
2,76
4,01
MMR:
86
Total
R(i)
S(i)
k(i)
SE(i)
D(i)
LTR(i)
(4)*(5)
(3)
(4)
(5)
TFR:
(6)
(7)/(6)
(7)
(8)
Where,
R(i) - Number of respondents aged 15-49, by 5-year age group
S(i) - Number of sisters who reached age 15+, by 5-year age groups of respondents
Sx - Average number of sisters who reached age 15+ to respondents aged 30-49
k(i) - Adjustment factors for number of sisters 15+, by age group of respondent (standard for all
calculations)
SE(i) - Sister-unit of exposure to mortality, by 5-year age group of respondents; representing the
women-years of exposure to the risk of mortality in the reproductive age
D(i) - Number of sisters of respondents who died during pregnancy, delivery or within six weeks
of delivery, by 5-year age groups of respondents
LTR(i) – The fraction of adolescent females who would die eventually from maternal causes
when competing causes of death are taken into account:
TFR – Summary fertility rate
MMR – Maternal mortality rate
Based on the above data shows that the maternal mortality ratio from 1990 to
2000 and decreased its level in the range of 17 to 86.
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Maternal mortality rate per 100000 livebirths
120,0
100,0
80,0
97,0
86
60,0
by date of registration in
CRO
40,0
Sistrehood method
(survey)
20,0
0,0
1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
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Conclusions
Changes in the data on fertility and mortality over 20 years.
Marked decrease in registration in the registry offices of births and deaths (especially children under 5 years), causing:
Poor quality of statistical data on demography (fertility, mortality)
Failure to conduct reliable demographic calculations (population, mortality tables and life expectancy, fertility tables, mortality rates)
Failure to analyze the demographic situation in the republic
The survey results found that:
The level of birth registration in the registry offices increased from 74,6%
in 2000 to 95,3% in 2010
Continuing decline in fertility, but the rate of decline slowed - Factor of
birth rate dropped from 38,8 per 1000 population in 1989 to 27,5
Registration with the registry offices of deaths of children aged under 5
years is very low and does not exceed 50%
The level of infant and child mortality is decreasing and subject to assessment by the direct method and the method of Brass is within 25-45
for infant mortality and 35-55 for child mortality per 1000 live births.
The maternal mortality rate, calculated using the indirect method of nursing decreased from 1990-1995 to 1995-2000, the year from 97 to 86 per
1000 livebirths, and according to current statistics from 58,2 to 52,5 per
1000 livebirths
Suggestions
To improve the situation with the registration of died children, it is necessary to cancel registration fee
There
is
need
to
use the
data
to adjust of
corrections for Demographic statistics - population, fertility and mortality
(particular attention should be paid to assessing the number of children without birth and death registration)
Use the survey data for re-calculating the population during the intercensus period 2000-2010
Necessary to conduct such surveys at least 1 time in five years.
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ANNEX А
Table 1. Results of households interview by regions and area type, by survey data
Survey results
Total
Interview
finished
completely
Interview
finished
partly
Was out
of home
Refusal
Household
was not
found
Other
Total
Total
urban
rural
Dushanbe
Khatlon
urban
rural
Sogd
urban
rural
RRP
urban
rural
GBAO
urban
rural
Total
urban
rural
Dushanbe
Khatlon
urban
rural
Sogd
urban
rural
RRP
urban
rural
GBAO
urban
rural
176
6340
3460
2880
1340
1960
800
1160
1840
980
860
1060
300
760
140
40
100
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
4188
2003
2185
625
1104
401
703
1551
759
792
817
190
627
91
28
63
66,1
57,9
75,9
46,6
56,3
50,1
60,6
84,3
77,4
92,1
77,1
63,3
82,5
65,0
70,0
63,0
310
96
214
15
238
49
189
35
27
8
16
4
12
6
1
5
4,9
2,8
7,4
1,1
12,1
6,1
16,3
1,9
2,8
0,9
1,5
1,3
1,6
4,3
2,5
5,0
36
13
23
4
1
1
3
1
2
28
8
20
0
73
16
57
7
4
2
2
56
4
52
6
3
3
0
1456
1171
285
597
523
313
210
162
162
157
93
64
17
6
11
277
161
116
92
90
35
55
33
27
6
36
2
34
26
5
21
in %
0,6
0,4
0,8
0,3
0,1
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,1
0,2
2,6
2,7
2,6
0,0
0,0
0,0
1,2
0,5
2,0
0,5
0,2
0,3
0,2
3,0
0,4
6,0
0,6
1,0
0,4
0,0
0,0
0,0
23,0
33,8
9,9
44,6
26,7
39,1
18,1
8,8
16,5
0,0
14,8
31,0
8,4
12,1
15,0
11,0
4,4
4,7
4,0
6,9
4,6
4,4
4,7
1,8
2,8
0,7
3,4
0,7
4,5
18,6
12,5
21,0
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Table 2. Data on born and died children, registered in the register offices, persons
Registration
of children
who was
born
Registration
of children
who was
born at statutory term
Children
died in the
age under 1
year
1989
200430
200430
8673
4364
78
1990
205813
205813
8316
4229
51
1991
212598
212598
8579
3694
113
1992
179534
179534
8641
4359
125
1993
186504
186504
8677
6709
138
1994
162152
162152
6880
5267
142
1995
166678
166678
5103
3070
97
1996
131590
131590
4415
2929
60
1997
116479
116479
3449
2804
55
1998
118546
118546
2910
2363
57
1999
113600
113600
2338
1429
60
2000
110448
110448
2102
1267
58
2001
123419
123419
2221
1221
43
2002
124657
124657
2162
1268
57
2003
164607
…
1944
1089
36
2004
166109
…
2071
894
37
2005
176805
…
2129
828
29
2006
189745
…
2160
783
41
2007
209140
…
2166
672
37
2008
221587
…
2480
725
33
2009
235363
173369
2814
674
40
Registration
years
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
Children
died in the
age 1 - 4
years
Number of registered
death causes of women
during pregnancy,
delivering and postpartum
period
177
SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
Table 3. Birth rate and infant, child and maternal mortality rate
(calculated based on data of register offices
Years of
registration
Birth rate
index (with
adjustment
on underestimation),
per 1000
population
Birth rate
index per
1000 population
Total ferti
lity rate
1989
38,8
38,8
5,104
43,3
65,0
38,9
1990
38,8
38,8
5,091
40,4
61,0
24,8
1991
39,1
39,1
5,094
40,4
57,7
53,2
1992
32,4
32,4
4,205
48,1
72,4
69,6
1993
33,5
4,320
46,5
82,5
74,0
1994
33,5
34,2
28,9
4,355
42,4
74,9
87,6
1995
34,1
29,4
4,385
30,6
49,0
58,2
1996
30,0
22,9
3,931
33,6
55,8
45,6
1997
30,6
20,0
4,064
29,6
53,7
47,2
1998
31,3
20,0
4,068
24,5
44,5
48,1
1999
29,8
18,7
3,852
20,6
33,2
52,8
2000
27,0
17,8
3,852
19,0
30,5
52,5
2001
27,2
19,6
3,493
18,0
27,9
34,8
2002
27,3
19,4
3,487
17,3
27,5
45,7
2003
27,1
...
3,471*
11,8
18,4
21,9
2004
26,8
…
3,420*
12,5
17,8
22,3
2005
26,4
…
3,354*
12,0
16,7
16,4
2006
26,7
…
3,274*
11,4
15,5
21,6
2007
28,1
…
3,266*
10,4
13,6
17,7
2008
27,9
…
11,2
14,5
14,9
2009
26,8
23,3
12,0
14,8
17,0
178
Infant mortality rate
per 1000
livebirths
Child mortality rate
per 1000
livebirths
Maternal
mortality
rate per l
100000 ivebirths
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
Table 4. Children was born by women in age of 15-49 years, by regions, sex, registration and birth year, in %
Birth
year
Total
boys
girls
Dushanbe
both
boys
girls
Khatlon
both
boys
girls
both
2010
89,1
90,2
89,6
76,1
73,8
75,0
90,6
90,6
90,6
2009
95,1
96,1
95,6
84,9
80,0
82,8
97,5
100,0
98,7
2008
96,3
95,6
96,0
95,7
84,9
90,0
98,1
94,5
96,5
2007
97,4
96,7
97,0
100,0
94,6
97,2
97,1
96,1
96,6
2006
96,2
96,6
96,4
93,0
95,8
94,6
96,4
95,8
96,1
2005
97,4
97,7
97,5
94,1
95,0
94,5
98,8
97,7
98,2
2004
98,8
99,3
99,0
98,6
99,7
99,1
97,3
98,2
97,8
2003
87,6
93,8
90,9
96,2
95,5
95,7
87,9
88,2
88,1
2002
96,4
96,6
96,5
91,6
97,1
94,1
95,6
95,2
95,4
2001
96,6
98,1
97,3
96,4
91,7
94,2
95,1
99,2
96,9
2000
and
early
95,9
96,6
96,2
94,4
94,3
94,3
95,9
97,3
96,6
Continuation
Birth year
Sogd
boys
girls
RRP
both
boys
girls
GBAO
both
boys
girls
both
2010
98,0
97,1
97,6
79,6
89,7
85,0
88,9
80,0
85,7
2009
98,7
100,0
99,3
92,5
93,7
93,0
90,9
85,7
88,9
2008
96,6
98,5
97,5
94,1
98,8
96,2
83,3
100,0
92,3
2007
98,8
97,6
98,2
94,4
100,0
96,7
90,9
71,4
83,3
2006
97,5
98,0
97,8
95,7
95,5
95,6
85,7
100,0
93,3
2005
99,0
100,0
99,4
95,5
98,0
96,6
100,0
83,3
90,0
2004
99,8
99,8
99,8
99,6
99,7
99,7
96,8
100,0
98,0
2003
84,8
98,0
91,7
86,4
96,7
90,5
66,7
100,0
83,3
2002
98,7
97,7
98,2
98,4
96,5
97,5
90,0
100,0
95,2
2001
99,4
100,0
99,7
96,2
96,5
96,3
50,0
100,0
81,8
2000 and
early
97,7
97,5
97,6
95,3
95,7
95,5
94,1
98,2
96,0
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
179
SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
Table 5. Children was born by women in age of 15-49 years, by area type, sex, registration and birth year, in %
Birth year
Total
boys
girls
Urban
both
boys
girls
Rural
both
boys
girls
both
2010
89,1
90,2
89,6
86,9
86,7
86,8
90,8
93,1
91,9
2009
95,1
96,1
95,6
94,4
94,3
94,3
95,6
97,5
96,5
2008
96,3
95,6
96,0
98,0
93,4
95,8
95,1
97,3
96,1
2007
97,4
96,7
97,0
98,3
96,6
97,4
96,8
96,7
96,7
2006
96,2
96,6
96,4
95,9
97,0
96,5
96,3
96,2
96,3
2005
97,4
97,7
97,5
97,7
97,0
97,4
97,2
98,1
97,7
2004
98,8
99,3
99,0
98,8
99,5
99,1
98,7
99,1
98,9
2003
87,6
93,8
90,9
86,2
90,7
88,7
88,9
97,7
93,3
2002
96,4
96,6
96,5
93,8
96,9
95,4
98,4
96,4
97,3
2001
96,6
98,1
97,3
96,1
96,9
96,5
96,9
98,8
97,9
2000 and
early
95,9
96,6
96,2
96,4
96,3
96,3
95,6
96,8
96,2
Total
96,4
97,0
96,7
96,5
96,6
96,5
96,4
97,4
96,9
180
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
Table 6. Children was born by women in age of 15-49 years, by reasons of nonregistration, by regions and sex, by survey data, in %
high
price
Total
urban
rural
Dusnabe
Khatlon
Sogd
RRP
GBAO
far
don’t
don’t
know
know
necessary where
don’t
have
time
other
don’t
know
Total
boys
3,3
7,2
7,8
0,9
12,3
39,3
29,1
100,0
girls
5,9
5,6
6,3
0,4
10,4
37,9
33,5
100,0
both
4,5
6,5
7,1
0,7
11,5
38,7
31,1
100,0
boys
2,8
5,6
7,6
0,0
11,8
40,3
31,9
100,0
girls
8,0
5,1
4,4
0,0
15,3
38,0
29,2
100,0
both
5,3
5,3
6,0
0,0
13,5
39,1
30,6
100,0
boys
3,7
8,5
7,9
1,6
12,7
38,6
27,0
100,0
girls
3,8
6,1
8,3
0,8
5,3
37,9
37,9
100,0
both
3,7
7,5
8,1
1,2
9,7
38,3
31,5
100,0
boys
1,4
4,2
11,1
0,0
15,3
44,4
23,6
100,0
girls
9,7
2,8
6,9
0,0
20,8
36,1
23,6
100,0
both
5,6
3,5
9,0
0,0
18,1
40,3
23,6
100,0
boys
6,0
10,3
1,7
1,7
6,8
29,9
43,6
100,0
girls
4,3
4,3
1,1
1,1
6,5
30,1
52,7
100,0
both
5,2
7,6
1,4
1,4
6,7
30,0
47,6
100,0
boys
2,1
17,0
19,1
2,1
2,1
36,2
21,3
100,0
girls
4,9
12,2
7,3
0,0
0,0
46,3
29,3
100,0
both
3,4
14,8
13,6
1,1
1,1
40,9
25,0
100,0
boys
2,4
1,2
8,5
0,0
19,5
48,8
19,5
100,0
girls
5,3
7,0
14,0
0,0
12,3
43,9
17,5
100,0
both
3,6
3,6
10,8
0,0
16,5
46,8
18,7
100,0
boys
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
33,3
46,7
20,0
100,0
girls
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
66,7
33,3
100,0
both
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
23,8
52,4
23,8
100,0
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
181
SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
Table 7. Children was born by women in age of 15-49 years, by reasons of nonregistration and birth year, by survey data, in %
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000 and
early
Total
don’t
know
where
0,0
2,9
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
2,1
0,0
2,6
0,0
don’t
have time
31,3
31,4
25,0
15,4
11,9
7,1
14,9
2,9
7,9
4,2
other
37,5
34,3
30,6
42,3
40,5
50,0
25,5
35,3
36,8
45,8
don’t
know
21,9
14,3
19,4
23,1
26,2
35,7
29,8
47,1
18,4
25,0
Total
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
7,0
0,4
2,9
7,1
0,7
11,5
By birth years of children
3,9
0,05
24,1
11,5
1,3
8,3
42,1
38,7
39,7
31,1
100,0
100,0
36,9
35,7
21,2
30,6
100,0
100,0
high price
7,8
8,6
16,7
3,8
7,1
0,0
12,8
0,0
2,6
0,0
far
0,0
0,0
2,8
7,7
14,3
0,0
6,4
5,9
13,2
12,5
0,8
4,5
7,0
6,5
8,9
4,4
4,4
8,3
0,8
7,0
7,0
0,04
2,9
Data on MICS 2005
42,1
39,7
100,0
41,6
6,2
3,3
11,6
16,9
100,0
2006-2010
2001-2005
2000 and
early
For children
under 5 years
don’t
know
necessary
1,6
8,6
5,6
7,7
0,0
7,1
8,5
8,8
18,4
12,5
4,0
16,4
Table 8. Children was born by women in age of 15-49 years, by reasons of nonregistration and mother’s educational level, by survey data, in %
Don’t have
education
Total
Don’t have
education
Primary
Secondary
general
Secondary
complete
Secondary
technical
High
182
Birth registration
yes
no
Reasons of non-registration
far
13,2
don’t
know
necessary
18,4
don’t
know
where
2,6
don’t
have
time
7,9
other
36,8
don’t
know
18,4
Total
100
96,7
3,3
high
price
2,6
92,9
96,3
7,1
3,7
28,6
11,1
14,3
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
14,3
11,1
14,3
22,2
28,6
55,6
100
100
96,5
3,5
4,5
5,5
10,0
2,7
13,6
36,4
28,2
100
96,9
3,1
4,3
8,0
6,6
0,3
10,4
38,8
31,6
100
97,0
96,1
3,0
3,9
4,5
0,0
6,5
0,0
7,2
4,3
0,7
0,0
11,6
13,0
38,5
52,2
31,3
32,6
100
100
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
Table 9. Children was born by women in age of 15-49 years by birth registration, life
status (alive, dead), regions and sex, in %
Specific weight by life status
Birth was
registered
Total
Birth was
not registered
Specific weight of registration to number of
born children
Total
Birth was registered
Birth was not
registered
Total
100
100
100
96,7
3,3
100
alive
96,5
32,0
94,4
98,9
1,1
100
dead
3,5
68,0
5,6
60,2
39,8
100
100
100
100
96,5
3,5
100
alive
96,8
35,8
94,7
98,7
1,3
100
dead
3,2
64,2
5,3
57,9
42,1
100
100
100
100
96,9
3,1
100
alive
96,3
28,7
94,2
99,1
0,9
100
dead
3,7
71,3
5,8
61,9
38,1
100
100
100
100
96,4
3,6
100
alive
96,0
32,5
93,7
98,8
1,2
100
dead
4,0
67,5
6,3
61,6
38,4
100
100
100
100
97,0
3,0
100
alive
97,0
31,3
95,1
99,0
1,0
100
dead
3,0
68,7
4,9
58,4
41,6
100
100
100
100
94,5
5,5
100
alive
97,2
39,2
94,0
97,7
2,3
100
dead
2,8
60,8
6,0
43,9
56,1
100
100
100
100
96,5
3,5
100
alive
96,6
39,2
94,6
98,6
1,4
100
dead
3,4
60,8
5,4
60,8
39,2
100
100
100
100
98,4
1,6
100
alive
96,2
9,1
94,9
99,9
0,1
100
dead
3,8
90,3
5,1
72,3
27,7
100
100
100
100
96,2
3,8
100
alive
96,4
28,8
93,9
98,8
1,2
100
dead
3,6
71,2
6,1
56,4
43,6
100
100
100
100
94,0
6,0
100
alive
95,1
28,6
91,1
98,1
1,9
100
dead
4,9
71,4
8,9
51,6
48,4
100
Urban
Rural
Boys
Girls
Dushanbe
Khatlon
Sogd
RRP
GBAO
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
183
SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
Table 10. Children was born by women in age of 15-49 years by reasons of nonregistration of birth, life status (alive, dead) and age of death, in %
high
price
Total born and not
registered of birth
Child alive
Child dead
on the 1st week of
life
on the 1st month of
life
on the 1st year of
life
in the age of 2
years
in the age of 2
years and more
Total born and not
registered of birth
Child alive
Child dead
on the 1st week of
life
on the 1st month of
life
on the 1st year of
life
in the age of 2
years
in the age of 2
years and more
Total born and not
registered of birth
184
far
don’t
know
necessary
don’t
know
where
don’t
have
time
other
don’t
know
Total
4,5
13,0
0,5
6,5
1,6
8,8
7,1
0,5
10,3
0,7
1,6
0,2
11,5
26,9
4,2
38,7
29,0
43,3
31,1
27,5
32,8
100,0
100,0
100,0
0,6
9,7
14,8
0,6
2,8
44,3
27,3
100,0
1,8
7,1
3,6
0,0
7,1
44,6
35,7
100,0
0,0
4,6
6,9
0,0
6,2
43,8
38,5
100,0
0,0
17,2
6,9
0,0
0,0
37,9
37,9
100,0
0,0
22,2
16,7
0,0
0,0
33,3
27,8
100,0
100,0
92,6
7,4
100,0
7,7
92,3
100,0
2,3
97,7
100,0
75,0
25,0
100,0
75,4
24,6
100,0
24,0
76,0
100,0
28,3
71,7
100,0
32,1
67,9
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
50,0
47,2
61,9
100,0
29,4
44,1
35,8
43,0
50,0
11,1
4,8
0,0
23,5
14,1
14,9
13,7
0,0
16,7
21,4
0,0
47,1
32,2
37,3
31,8
0,0
13,9
4,8
0,0
0,0
6,2
8,2
7,1
0,0
11,1
7,1
0,0
0,0
3,4
3,7
4,4
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
Table 11. Children was born by women in age of 15-49 years and died, by area type,
sex, registration and age of death, in %
Total
Age of death
boys
Registered
death of child
Age of dead
child:
on the 1st
week of life
on the 1st
month of life
on the 1st year
of life
in the age of 2
years
in the age of 2
years and
more
girls
Urban
both
boys
girls
Rural
both
boys
girls
both
46,2
44,5
45,5
48,5
45,7
47,3
44,6
43,8
44,3
27,7
25,0
26,6
30,6
26,4
28,7
25,8
23,7
25,0
39,4
26,2
34,5
41,9
23,5
35,4
37,5
28,0
33,8
53,2
50,3
51,9
49,5
53,5
51,2
56,2
48,1
52,4
54,2
60,7
57,4
84,2
66,7
75,0
40,0
57,1
48,0
63,0
63,2
63,0
66,7
62,5
64,8
60,8
63,6
61,9
Table 12. Children was born by women in age of 15-49 years and died, by sex, registration of death and birth
Death registration
Birth registration
In % to those who have or not birth
registration
exist
Total dead
not
total
In % to the total number of
number of dead children
exist
not
total
45,5
54,5
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
have registration
67,8
32,2
100,0
89,7
35,6
60,2
don’t have registration
11,8
88,2
100,0
10,3
64,4
39,8
46,2
53,8
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
have registration
68,6
31,4
100,0
91,5
36,0
61,6
don’t have registration
10,3
89,7
100,0
8,5
64,0
38,4
44,6
55,4
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
have registration
66,7
33,3
100,0
87,3
35,1
58,4
don’t have registration
13,6
86,4
100,0
12,7
64,9
41,6
Boys
Girls
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
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Table 13. Children was born by women in age of 15-49 years and died, by registration,
reason of non-registration, by type area and sex, in %
No registration
Total
Total
From numbers of non-registered by reasons
don’t
don’t don’t
high
know
know
have
necessary where time
price
far
other
0,2
4,5
20,8
1,3
2,3
29,3
don’t
know
41,7
54,5
100,0
boys
53,8
100,0
0,3
5,7
21,0
1,0
2,5
28,3
41,1
girls
55,4
100,0
0,0
2,9
20,4
1,6
2,0
30,6
42,4
Urban
52,7
100,0
0,0
6,7
22,3
0,9
2,7
31,3
36,2
boys
51,5
100,0
0,0
9,8
25,2
0,0
3,3
28,5
33,3
girls
54,3
100,0
0,0
3,0
18,8
2,0
2,0
34,7
39,6
Rural
55,7
100,0
0,3
3,0
19,7
1,5
2,1
28,1
45,4
boys
55,4
100,0
0,5
3,1
18,3
1,6
2,1
28,3
46,1
girls
56,3
100,0
0,0
2,8
21,5
1,4
2,1
27,8
44,4
Table 14. Children was born by women in age of 15-49 years and died without birth
registration by reasons of non-registration and mother’s education, in %
No registration
Total
Education
From numbers of non-registered by reasons
don’t
don’t
don’t
know
have
high
know
price
far
necessary where
time other
0,2
4,5
20,8
1,3
2,3
29,3
don’t
know
41,7
Total
54,4
100,0
Primary and
secondary
general
59,1
100,0
0,0
0,9
23,4
0,9
8,0
29,0
43,9
Secondary
completed
53,2
100,0
0,3
5,6
20,9
1,6
10,1
28,8
40,7
Secondary
technical and
high
54,5
100,0
0,0
4,2
16,7
0,0
25,0
31,9
43,1
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AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
ANNEX B:
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
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SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
188
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
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SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
Reproduction
This module should be asked to all women aged 15-49
Check for eligible women in question R7 (Household roster) and use for each a separate form
F1 Household number
F2
Woman's line number
Now I would like to ask about all the deliveries you have had during your life.
F3 Have you ever given birth?
F4 Do you have any sons or daughters to whom you have
given birth who are now living with you?
F5 How many sons live with you?
And how many daughters live with you?
If none,
record '00'
F6 Do you have any sons or daughters to whom you have
given birth who are alive but do not live with you?
F7
How many sons are alive, but do
not live with you?
And how many daughters are alive, but do
not live with you?
If none,
record '00'
F8 Have you ever given birth to a boy or girl who was born
alive but later died?
Yes…………………………… 1
No……………………………. 2
F8
Yes…………………………… 1
No……………………………. 2
F6
Sons at home………………
Daughters at home …………
Yes…………………………… 1
No……………………………. 2
F8
Sons elsewhere ……………
Daughters elsewhere ………
Yes…………………………… 1
No……………………………. 2
F10
If 'No', probe: Any baby who cried or showed signs of
life but did not survive?
F9 How many boys have died?
And how many girls have died?
If none,
record '00'
F10 Sum answers to F5, F7 and F9, and enter total
If none, record ‘00’
F11 Check F10
Just to make sure that I have this right:
you have had in TOTAL _____ births
during your life. Is that correct?
Sons dead ……………………
Daughters dead ……………
Total ………………………
Yes
No
Probe
and
correct
F3-F10 as
necessary
Check F10
One or more births
No births
Continue with Module 'Child mortality' with this woman
Continue with Module 'Maternal mortality'
with this woman
190
Check Household roster, question R7
No other eligible
Another eligible woman
woman in the household in the household
Continue with
Module
'Reproduction'
with that woman
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
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192
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
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AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
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SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
M6 What was the name
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
given to your
brother(s) and
sister(s), starting
with the oldest?
M7 Is NAME
male or female?
Male………1 Male………1 Male………1 Male………1 Male………1 Male………1
Go to (8)
Go to (9)
Go to (10)
Go to (11)
Go to (12)
Go to (13)
Female…… 2 Female…… 2 Female…… 2 Female…… 2 Female…… 2 Female…… 2
M8 Is NAME
still alive?
Yes………..1 Yes………..1 Yes………..1 Yes………..1 Yes………..1 Yes………..1
No…………2 No…………2 No…………2 No…………2 No…………2 No…………2
Go to M9
Go to M9
Go to M9
Go to M9
Go to M9
Go to M9
M8a
Don't know..8 Don't know..8 Don't know..8 Don't know..8 Don't know..8 Don't know..8
Go to (8)
Go to (9)
Go to (10)
Go to (11)
Go to (12)
Go to (13)
Go to (8)
Go to (9)
Go to (10)
Go to (11)
Go to (12)
Go to (13)
If died before
12 years of age
go to (10)
If died before
12 years of age
go to (11)
If died before
12 years of age
go to (12)
If died before
12 years of age
go to (13)
How old is NAME?
M9 How many years
M13
M12
M11
M10
ago did NAME)
die?
How old was
NAME when
she died?
If died before
12 years of age
go to (8)
If died before
12 years of age
go to (9)
Was NAME
pregnant when
she died?
Yes………..1 Yes………..1 Yes………..1 Yes………..1 Yes………..1 Yes………..1
Did NAME
die during
childbirth?
Yes………..1 Yes………..1 Yes………..1 Yes………..1 Yes………..1 Yes………..1
Did NAME
die within six
weeks after
the end of a
pregnancy?
Yes………..1 Yes………..1 Yes………..1 Yes………..1 Yes………..1 Yes………..1
Go to (8)
Go to (9)
Go to (10)
Go to (11)
Go to (12)
Go to (13)
No…………2 No…………2 No…………2 No…………2 No…………2 No…………2
Go to (8)
Go to (9)
Go to (10)
Go to (11)
Go to (12)
Go to (13)
No…………2 No…………2 No…………2 No…………2 No…………2 No…………2
Go to (8)
Go to (9)
Go to (10)
Go to (11)
Go to (12)
Go to (13)
No…………2 No…………2 No…………2 No…………2 No…………2 No…………2
Go to (8)
Go to (9)
Go to (10)
Go to (11)
Go to (12)
Go to (13)
If no more sisters or brothers, go to END
End
Thank your respondent for the time and information
Check R6 in the Household roster for other persons qualifying for this module:
if another person qualifies, continue with him;
otherwise complete questions H10-H15 on the cover sheet
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AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
ANNEX C
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS OF SURVEY ON INFANT,
CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
IN TAJIKISTAN IN 2010
1. Mukhammadieva B. Z.
2. Kislitsyna Е. А.
3. Kulov А.
Dushanbe
5. Ganieva Firuza
6. Kaumov Zafar
7. Budnikova E. V.
8. Boiko X.
9. Alimova Shahlo
10. Oimahmadova Sadbarg
11. Sirojiddinova Bunafsha
12. Salomova Shuhriya
13. Nurbekova H.
14. Umarova Hairiniso
15. Rozikova Zarina
16. Kizimenko S. V.
17. Mirzoeva Habiba
18. Alibahshova H.
19. Hakberdieva Mavluda
20. Holova Niso (MMC)
Sogd
21. Bobomalikov Isroil
22. Mahmudov Furkat
23. Sharipov Salimboi
24. Usupova Matluba
25. Malikov Hakim
26. Okilova Matluba
27. Karimova Shoira
28. Burhonova Zarina
29. Holmatova Marhabo
30. Bobhonova Musharraf
31. Sharipova Mukaddas
32. Maksudova Mohira
33. Elov Shamun
34. Saidova Marhabo
35. Mamajonova Bihikoyat
36. Tursunboeva Inobat
37. Shamsieva Kumri
38. Hoshimova Etibor
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
Project Leader
Project manager
Official
Supervisor
Supervisor
Supervisor
Supervisor
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Supervisor
Supervisor
Supervisor
Supervisor
Supervisor
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
197
SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
39. Imomnazarova Malohat
40. Malikova Gulandom
41. Rajabova Matluba
Khatlon
42. Shokirov Shodmon
43. Rakhimov Faizali
44. Shokibrokhimov Abdurozik
45. Alihonov Bobjon
46. Safarov Usufjon
47. Nozimova Jumagul
48. Zikriyoeva Zylaiho
49. Turkova Gavhar
50. Ikromova Gulbahor
51. Kosimova Muhaiyo
52. Giyosova Shahlo
53. Mirzosharipova Dilafruz
54. Berdieva Gulnora
55. Dustmatova Hatija
56. Jalozoda Jamoliddin
57. Orzuev Husein
58. Valieva Saodat
59. Kuvvatova Sadafmoh
60. Hushvaktova Zarina
61. Azimova Malika
62. Ashurov Oimahmad
Districts of Republican Subordination (RRP)
63. Kurbonov S. M.
64. Homidov Z. B.
65. Gadoeva Gulizor
66. Akbarova Mamlakat
67. Sharipova Nargiz)
68. Hasanova Idimoh
69. Akhmedova Shahnoza
70. Nizomova Dilbar
71. Begova Kibriyo
72. Jamoliddinova Rano
73. Usupova Zarina
74. Akhmedova Fotima
GBAO
75. Saidasanov Garibsho
76. Kholdorbekova Davlanoz
77. Zamirova Satrimo
78. Golodova M. I.
79. Zubaidulloeva Mehrubonu
80. Rajabova Guliston
198
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Supervisor
Supervisor
Supervisor
Supervisor
Supervisor
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Supervisor
Supervisor
Supervisor
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Interviewer
Supervisor
Interviewer
Interviewer
Main operator
Operator
Operator
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
81. Kholova Sojida
82. Sharipov Vose
83. Davlyatova Nigina
84. Shohnazarova Guldasta
85. Morshinina Ekaterina
86. Shlei Oksana
87. Sherova Shohida
88. Nekkadaov Nekruz
89. Nurova Shamigul
90. Mirzoeva Mavluda
91. Pallaev Azizsho
92. Mukhammadiev D.
93. Khudoiberdiev U.
94. Makhmudov I.
95. Karimov I.
96. Sultonov N.
97. Ibrohimov М.
98. Tursunov R.
99. Mamurov А.
100. Abdukodirov М.
101. Shokirov G.
102. Valiev А.
103. Azimov А.
104. Akramov H.
105. Shoev J.
106. Kurbonov М.
107. Jonov R.
108. Khojaev U.
109. Madumarova Z.
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
Operator
Operator
Operator
Operator
Operator
Operator
Operator
Operator
Operator
Operator
Driver
Driver
Driver
Driver
Driver
Driver
Driver
Driver
Driver
Driver
Driver
Driver
Driver
Driver
Driver
Driver
Driver
Driver
Translator/interpreter
199
SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
ANNEX D
BIBLIOGRAPHY::
1.
2.
3.
4.
Staatistiscal yearbooks of the Republic of Tajikistan
Materials on population census in the Republic of Tajikistan 2000
Materials on MICS 2000 and 2005
Materials on TLSS 2003 and 2007
200
AGENCY ON STATISTICS, 2010
SURVEY ON INFANT, CHILD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
Results of survey on infant, child and maternal mortality
in the Republic of Tajikistan in 2010
Agency on statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan
Dushanbe, Boktar, 17
Responsible:
For preparation
Kislitsyna Е.А. - Head of the Department of Demography, Employment and Social statistics, tel.: 227-80-88
Kulov A. N. – Head of the Section on Demography and
population Employment, tel.: 221-49-91
For publication of edition:
Boimatov R. F. – Head of the MCC of Agency on Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan,
tel.:.227-96-09
Computer positioning:
Translator:
Kislitsyna Е.А., Kulov A. N.
Madumarova Z. and Kulov A. N..
Order № _______
Edition copy.80
Deliver in print
____31.12.2010__________________
Department of reprography of MCC of
Agency on Statistics under the President
of the Republic of Tajikistan
201