Phase/Actor Disaggregated
Butterworth-Scranton Codebook
by
Lee Farris
H.R. Alker, Jr.
Kathleen Carley
Frank L. Sherman
cc1~
-
Phase/Actor Disaggregated
Butterworth-Scranton Codebook
by
Lee Farris
H.R. Alker, Jr.
Kathleen Carley
Frank L. Sherman
(
'.7
4N
NOTE
Throughout
this codebook
Managing Interstate
Conflict, 1945-74 by
unpublished research memoranda
1945-74:
with Margaret
Data with
to an
earlier study
Robert Lyle
entitled
Butterworth with
We are indebted to them for the use of both their
Margaret E. Scranton.
Butterworth
we refer
E. Scranton,
Synopses
International Studies,
and their published volume:
1976).
Managing Interstate
(Pittsburgh,
PA: University
Robert Lyle
Conflict,
Center
for
4
Table of Contents
Variable #
4
Definitions
I.
DATASET 1:
7
Case Overview
Case Context
Relevant Preceeding,Coincident
and Subsequent Cases
Management Evaluation
II.
Page
001
003
7
7
011
8
12
DATASET 2: Phase Specific Information
020
062
062
12
12
12
086
110
130
150
170
180
15
16
17
18
19
20
Cessation of Conflictual Actions by
Primary Parties on Side A
Primary Parties on Side B
Secondary Parties on Side A
Secondary Parties on Side B
Primary Parties on Sides A & B
Secondary Parties on Sides A & B
190
210
230
250
270
280
21
22
23
24
25
26
Cooperative Actions by
Primary Parties on Side A
Primary Parties on Side B
Primary Parties on Sides A & B
290
295
300
27
27
27
General Phase Information: Type
of Conflict, Fatality, "Causes,"
etc.
310
29
DATASET 3: Referral Description
350
34
DATASET 4: Conflict Management Agents
380
37
DATASET 5: Management Agent Actions
400
41
Phase Structure Overview
Actors
General Actor Information
Conflictual Actions by
Primary Parties on Side A
Secondary Parties on Side A
Primary Parties on Side B
Secondary Parties on Side B
Primary Parties on Sides A & B
Secondary Parties on Sides A & B
III.
IV.
V.
4-1980
2
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
4-1980
Appendix I: List of Actors/Agents
43
Appendix II: Cox-Jacobson Scale
47
Appendix III: Table Depicting the Congruence
Between the FACS Phase/Actor Disaggregated
Codebook Variables and the ButterworthScranton MIC Variables
48
Appendix IV: Flowchart Illustrating the
Coding Process of the FACS Phase/Actor
Disaggregated Codebook
52
Appendix V: Protocols/Decisions
53
3
Some Definitions for the Phase/Actor Disaggregated
Butterworth-Scranton Codebook
Dispute
--
occurring
conflict
an interstate political/security
did not
issues that
since 1945;
excluded are domestic
directly lead to interstate conflict, and more general
or diffuse antagonisms, such as the Cold War, except
where it gives rise to specific disputes. (Butterworth,
MIC, p. 3) There should be significant continuity in the
core judiciable issues and core actors, although these
the dispute.
can change somewhat during the course of
is a significant major change in
however, there
If,
are
issues or actors involved, or actions
either the
taken that change the issues significantly, then in most
considered to
instances a new and separate dispute is
exist.
Case --
a
by the
conflict
management problem, as adjudged
international community at the time of the dispute. A
"case" may not correspond exactly to a "dispute,"
dispute
party
to the
when
(1)
a
particularly
substantially redefines its original goals and policies,
or (2) several disputes are treated as one management
problem. (Butterworth, MIC, p. 3)
Conflict Management -initiatives by any actor who achieves
access to the parties and the issues, and which are
designed to prevent the dispute from escalating in
hostility, duration, or spread.
Actor --
either (1) a recognized sovereign state (such as France);
(2) a high-level interest group capable of significant
political action (such as the Palestine Liberation
Organization); (3) an international organization (such
as the UN); or (4) a transnational organization (such as
that is involved with a dispute and somewhat
ITT) -able to affect the course of the dispute. An actor can
be a primary or secondary party to the dispute, or a
management agent, or sometimes both an agent and a
secondary party.
those antagonists around whom the
Primary Party to the Dispute -issues revolve and who act directly and overtly against
the opposing side in the dispute (such as by sending
troops to fight), and cited by Butterworth as such.
4-1980
4
-- an actor whose actions are
Secondary Party to the Dispute
primarily facilitative of the primary party's actions
toward the
opposing side. Actions
may be
indirect
and
must
be
vigorous
time,
but
the
covert
at
and/or
symbolic
diplomatic
support
beyond the level of simply
(such as by sending military or economic aid).
Management Agent -any actor except a primary party
conflict management (see above).
engaged in
Continuity of Actor Activity -- an actor or party continues in the
information
until definite
started in,
role it
same
indicates that it withdraws, changes roles, or switches
sides.
one
allied group
term distinguishing
a
Side A and B -antagonists from the group conflicting with it.
of
in the Butterworth MIC synopses
Relevant Case -- a case mentioned
to the
actors and issues
related in terms of
as being
case under consideration.
Phase --
one of five levels of disagreement and conflict; a given
dispute may pass (repeatedly) through one or more of the
and Amelia
(Lincoln P. Bloomfield
See below.
phases.
Alfred
Knopf,
(N.Y.:
Wars
Small
C. Leiss, Controlling
1970).
Dispute Phase (I) -- a quarrel or disagreement claimed by at least
substantive international
to be an issue of
one party
political significance.
least one of the
-- a dispute in which at
Conflict Phase (II)
willingness
to use military
has
demonstrated
parties
force to resolve the dispute but as yet has not actually
done so.
systematic use of
-- a dispute involving
Hostilities Phase (III)
military force, over a specific military objective(s),
causing casualties and/or destruction of property.
fighting no longer occurs
Post-Hostilities Conflict Phase (IV) -continues to
but at least one party
as in Phase III,
Sporadic violence
view the
quarrel in military terms.
the cessation
may still occur, but evidence concerning
4-1980
5
of hostilities should suggest something more fundamental
than just a temporary lull in intermittent hostilities.
Post-Hostilities Dispute Phase (V)
viewed in military terms.
dispute remain.
Settlement Phase (VI) -- the final
dispute is resolved, or
parties.
-- a dispute is no
However, the issues
longer
in the
phase, in which the underlying
no longer cared about by the
Referral -- initiatives by an actor to place a case on the agenda
of an international organization, or to bring the case
to the attention of another actor with the intent that
the latter take part in managing the case.
Mandated -- an organization's conflict management involvement in a
dispute on the basis on either a defined (through direct
constitutional or charter authority) or an entailed (as
a direct or necessary consequent of the formal charter)
relationship.
Serious Task Expansion -the
continuation of serious task
expansion is defined to be the expansion or development
agent
by
a
conflict
management
of
activities
(organization) that are perceived
(by actors within the
organization)
to go
beyond management
activities
undertaken by this agent in either a previous phase of
this case or in previous similar cases.
Serious
4-1980
(New) Task Expansion -- is the presence of task expansion
in an agent's activities that are accused of being
"beyond the constitutional mandate and provisions of the
organization" by one or more significant actors within
the organizaton.
Examples of serious
(new) task
expansion could
include: charter
reinterpretation,
transferral of authority and responsibility of conflict
managemant activities to a different sub-unit of the
management agent (e.g., United Nations Uniting for Peace
Resolution), or involvement
in disputes previously
considered
to be
outside
of the
organization's
competence.
6
PHASE/ACTOR DISAGGREGATED BUTTERWORTH-SCRANTON CODEBOOK
DATASET 1 --
I.
Case Overview
Case Context
Card
Column
1
01-03
1
04-05
1
06-25
Var. #
Label
Question/Codes
001
NCASE
What is the case number?
(MIC, Var. 01)
NCARD
What is the card number?
CASENAME
What is the case name and year?
002
Relevant Preceeding, Coincident, and Subsequent Cases
1
26- 27
003
QRELCASE
What is the quantity of relevant
case(s)? (Such as, 3 cases.)
1
28- 72
004
NRELCASE
What are the case number(s) of relevant case(s)? (Such as, 008,123...)
(Maximum fifteen cases.)
2
01- 03
NCASE
What is the case number?
2
04- 05
NCARD
What is the card number?
2
06- 07
005
QPRASE
What is the quantity of phases in
this case?
(Such as, 4 phases.)
2
08- 09
006
QREFER
How many times, if any, was this
case referred?
2
10
007
MANAGENT
Were any management agents involved
in the dispute? (MIC, Var. 02)
0
1
4-1980
No
Yes
7
Management Evaluation
(Consider the probable outcome of this dispute with regard to the following
occurrences if no managing agent had become involved in the case.)
2
11
008
INTNSITY
In the context in which it arose,
how likely was it that the dispute
would intensify (that is, move to
a higher phase, through phase III,
or "hostilities") if no agent had
been involved?
(MIC, Var. 06)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2
12
009
CONTINUE
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
not relevant (no agent)
no information
unclear/debatable
very likely
possibly
50/50 chance
unlikely
very unlikely
In the context in which the dispute
arose, how long would the major con-
flicting sides have been likely to
continue to prosecute their disagreement before letting their claims
lapse without a formal settlement, if
no agent had been involved? (MIC,
Var. 05; Var. 07)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2
13
010
SPREAD
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
not relevant (no agent)
no information
debatable
for less than one year
for less than 1-5 years
for less than 5-10 years
for less than 10-20 years
for more than 20 years
In the context in which the dispute
arose, how would other parties have
become involved during this conflict,
if no agent had been involved at all?
(MIC, Var. 08)
1
2
3
4
=
=
=
=
not relevant (no agent)
no information
debatable
no others would have become
involved
4-1980
8
5 = by providing open diplomatic
support
6 = by providing economic support
7 = by providing arms and equipment,
and/or sanctuary and refuge
8 = by providing irregular troops
9 = by using their own regular troops
2
14-15
011
SPREAD2
In the context in which the dispute
arose, how would other parties have
become involved during this conflict
if no agent had been involved
militarily? (MIC, Var. 08)
00 = not relevant (no agent)
01 = not relevant (no agent involved
militarily)
02 = no information
03 = debatable
04 = no others would have become
involved
05 = by providing open diplomatic
support
06 = by providing economic support
07 = by providing arms and equipment
and/or sanctuary and refuge
08 = by providing irregular troops
09 = by using their own regular
troops
10 = by both 5 and 6
11 = by both 5 and 7
12 = by both 5 and 8
2
16
012
SOVAMWAR
How likely was Soviet-American war
during this dispute, if no agent had
been involved? (MIC, Var. 09)
1 = not relevant (no agent)
2
3
4
5
=
=
=
=
no information
debatable
very likely
possible
6 = unlikely
7 = impossible
2
17-18
013
SETLMENT
What type of settlement would likely
have been reached if no agent had
been involved?
01 = not relevant (no agent)
02 = no information
4-1980
9
03
04
05
06
=
=
=
07 =
08 =
09 =
10 =
11 =
debatable
none
principled agreement
dispute subordinated to a new
separate issue
dissipation: disappears of no
human cause
dispute became subsumed in a
larger conflict
partial settlement
obsolescence of issue
elimination of one of the parties
(To code variables 014-016, focus on the primary parties from an
overview/synoptic standpoint, and consider the case until it is
resolved, or until the time of its coding if it is still ongoing.)
2
19-20
014
RESULT
Overall, what was the result of the
dispute for each side in it?
01 = not relevant (no agent)
02 = debatable
03 = don't know
04 = Side A advantaged, side B not
advantaged
05 = Side B advantaged, side A not
advantaged
06 = Side A advantaged, side B
disadvantaged
07 = Side B advantaged, side A
disadvantaged
08 = Side A not advantaged, side B
disadvantaged
09 = Side B not advantaged, side A
disadvantaged
10 = Sides A and B advantaged
11 = Sides A and B not advantaged
12 - Sides A and B disadvantaged
2
21
015
SATISFYA
As judged by evident public expressions
was Side A satisfied with the outcome
of the dispute in its final phase?
1
2
3
4
5
2
4-1980
22
016
SATISFYB
=
=
=
=
=
no information
debatable
side A not satisfied
side A had a mixed reaction
side A was satisfied
As judged by evident public expressions
10
was Side B satisfied with the outcome
of the dispute in its final phase?
I = no information
2 = debatable
3 = side B not satisfied
4 = side B had a mixed reaction
5 = side B was satisfied
4-1980
11
.1
II. DATASET 2 --
Phase Specific Information
Phase Structure
(Code the variabl es in
goes through.)
Card
Type
Column
Va r. #
this section once for each phase that this case
Label
Question/Codes
NCASE
What is the case number?
3
01-03
3
3
04-05
06-08
020
NCARD
NPHASE
What is the card number?
What is the number of this phase?
3
09-10
021
PHASEYR
In what year did this phase begin
or open? (Enter the last two digits
of the year: e.g., if this phase
began in 1958, enter 58.)
3
11-12
022
PRASEMTH
What month did this phase begin?
(Enter numerical title of month:
e.g., 01 for January.)
3
13-14
023
PHASEDAY
What day did this phase begin?
Actors
General Actor Information
(Code
once
for each phase of the dispute.)
3
15
062
QPRIMPA
How many primary parties were on
side A during this phase?
3
16- 33
063
NPRMPAi
What are the code numbers of the
primary parties on side A during
this phase? (Maximum 6 parties)
3
34
064
QSECNDPA
How many secondary parties were on
side A during this phase?
3
35- 52
065
NSCNDPAi
What are the code numbers of the
secondary parties on side A during
this phase? (Maximum 6 parties)
3
53
066
QPRIMPB
How many primary parties were on
side B during this phase?
4-1980
12
NPRMPBi
What are the code numbers of the
primary parties on side B during this
phase? (Maximum 8 parties)
01-03
NCASE
What is
the case name?
4
04-05
NCARD
What is
the card number?
4
06-08
NPHASE
What is the number of this phase?
4
09-14
067
NPRMPBi
What are the code numbers of the
primary parties on side B during
this phase? (Maximum 8 parties)
4
15
068
QSECNDPB
How many secondary parties were on
side B during this phase?
4
16-39
069
NSCNDPBi
What are the code numbers of the
secondary parties on side B during
this phase? (Maximum 8 parties)
4
40
080
INTRESTA
What are the primary interests of
side A during this phase? (MIC,
Var. 20)
3
54-71
4
067
1 = not relevant
2 = no information
3 = debatable
4 = minor,
no interests
5 = economic interests, primarily
6 = political/strategic interests,
primarily
7 = both economic and political/
strategic interests
8 = humanitarian
4
41-42
081
INTRESTB
What are the primary interests of
side B during this phase? (MIC,
Var. 20)
01
02
03
04
=
=
=
=
not relevant
no information
debatable
minor, no interests
05 = economic interests, primarily
06 = political/strategic interests,
primarily
07 = both economic and political/
strategic interests
08 = humanitarian
4-1980
13
N
4
43
082
COSTSA
How severe were side A's economic
costs that were related to the
conduct of this dispute in this
phase?
1 = not relevant
2 = no information
3 = debatable
4 = insignificant, minor, or none
5 = moderate (3-9% of GNP, roughly)
6 = severe (10% or more of GNP)
4
44
083
COSTSB
How severe were side B's economic
costs that were related to the
conduct of this dispute in this
phase?
1 = not relevant
2 = no information
3 = debatable
4 = insignificant, minor, or none
5 = moderate (3-9% of GNP, roughly)
6 = severe (10% or more of GNP)
4
45
084
DISSENTA
Did a primary party on side A suffer
internal divisions and/or dissension
during this phase in relation to (code
highest category):
1 = no information
2 = debatable
3 = no divisions
4 = its leader and/or top personnel
5 = its type of government
6 = its social order
4
46
085
DISSENTB
Did a primary party on side B suffer
internal divisions and/or dissension
during this phase in relation to (code
highest category):
1 = no information
2 = debatable
3 = no divisions
4 = its leader and/or top personnel
5 = its type of government
6 = its social order
4-1980
14
Conflictual Actions by Primary Parties on Side A
r
(For one or more primary parties on side A during this phase, code each of
the following statements as to whether that type of conflict is known to
have been present or not present. If unknown, code "not present/unknown." NOT PRESENT/UNKNOWN = 1; PRESENT = 2.)
(MIC, Var. 10;
Var. 11)
4
47
086
DIVISA
A primary party on side A suffered
internal divisions and/or dissension
relating to its territory.
4
48
087
ADVNTGA
A primary party on side A had a
clear military advantage over B at
the beginning of this phase (in
terms of arms and soldiers).
4
49
088
SUBVERTA
A primary party on side A attempts
to or does subvert a government on
side B.
4
50
089
REPRESA
A primary party of side A represses
internal political groups that are
related to this dispute.
4
51
090
DSPLESA
A primary party on side A indicates
displeasure with nation on side B
through public statements or demonstrations.
4
52
091
SNUBA
A primary party on side A snubs
a party on side B by ignoring a
diplomatic protocal.
4
53
092
PROTSTA
A primary party on side A issues a
diplomatic protest concerning some
activity of a party on side B.
4
54
093
APPEALA
A primary party on side A appeals
to a larger community or condemns a
a party on side B.
4
55
094
REFUSEA
A primary party on side A refuses to
provide or withdraws assistance
from a party on side B -- economic,
technical or military.
4
56
095
SUPORTA
A primary party on side A supports an
opponent of a party on side B by
providing material or moral support.
4
57
096
THREATA
A primary party on side A issues a
threat against a party on side B.
4-1980
15
a
4
58
097
NOFIGHTA
Military operations by a party on
side A without fighting.
4
59
098
CASULTA
Military operations by a party on side
A, with unintended casualties.
Conflictual Actions by Secondary Parties on Side A
(For one or more secondary parties on side A during this phase, code each
of the following statements as to whether that type of conflict is known
to have been present or not present. If unknown, code "not present/unknown." NOT PRESENT/UNKNOWN
Var. 11)
= 1;
PRESENT = 2.)
(MIC, Var. 10;
4
60
110
DIVISA2
A secondary party on side A suffered
internal divisions and/or dissension
relating to its territory.
4
61
111
ADVNTGA2
A secondary party on side A had a clear
military advantage over B at the
beginning of this phase (in terms of
arms and soldiers).
4
62
112
SUBVRTA2
A secondary party on side A attempts
to or does subvert a government on
side B.
4
63
113
REPRESA2
A secondary party on side A represses
internal political groups that are
related to this dispute.
4
64
114
DSPLESA2
A secondary party on side A indicates
displeasure with a party on side B
through public statements on demonstrations.
4
65
115
SNUBA2
A secondary party on side A snubs
party on side B by ignoring diplomatic protocol.
4
66
116
PROTSTA2
A secondary party on side A issues a
diplomatic protest concerning some
activity of a party on side B.
4
67
117
APPEALA2
A secondary party on side A appeals
to larger community or condemns
party on side B.
4
68
118
REFUSEA2
A secondary party on side A refuses to
4-1980
16
to provide or withdraws assistance
from a party on side B -- economic,
technical or military.
4
69
119
SUPORTA2
A secondary party on side A supports an
opponent of party on side B by providing material or moral support.
4
70
120
THREATA2
A secondary party on side A issues a
threat against party on side B.
4
71
121
NOFITEA2
Military operations by a secondary
party on side A, without
fighting.
4
72
122
CASULTA2
Military operations by a secondary
party on side A, with unintended
casualties.
Conflictual Actions by Primary Parties on Side B
(For one or more primary parties on side B during this phase, code each of
the following statements as to whether that type of conflict is known to
have been present or not present. If unknown code "not present/un(MIC, Var. 10;
known." NOT PRESENT/UNKNOWN = 1; PRESENT = 2.)
Var. 11)
5
01-03
NCASE
What is the case number?
5
04-05
NCARD
What is the card number?
5
06-08
NPHASE
What is the number of this phase?
5
9
130
DIVISB
A primary party on side B suffered
internal divisions and/or dissension
relating to its territory.
5
10
131
ADVNTGB
A primary party on side B had a clear
military advantage over A at the beginning of this phase (in terms of arms
and soldiers).
5
11
132
SUBVRTB
A primary party on side B attempts to
or does subvert a government on side
A.
5
12
133
REPRESB
A primary party on side B represses
internal political groups that are
related to this dispute.
4-1980
17
5
13
134
DSPLESB
A primary party on side B indicates
displeasure with nation on side A
through public statements or
demonstrations.
5
14
135
SNUBB
A primary party on side B snubs
a party on side A by ignoring diplomatic protocol.
5
15
136
PROTSTB
A primary party on side B issues a
diplomatic protest concerning some
activity of a party on side A.
5
16
137
APPEALB
A primary party on side B appeals to
larger community or condemns nation on
side A.
5
17
138
REFUSEB
A primary party on side B refuses to
provide or withdraws assistance from
party on side A -- economic, technical or military.
5
18
139
SUPORTB
A primary party on side B supports an
opponent of nation on side A by
providing material or moral support.
5
19
140
THREATB
A primary party on side B issues a
threat against party on side A.
5
20
141
NOFIGHTB
Military operations by a primary
party on side B, without fighting.
5
21
142
CASULTB
Military operations by a primary
party on side B, with unintended
casulties.
Conflictual Actions by Secondary Parties on Side B
(For one or more secondary parties on side B during this phase, code each
of the following statements as to whether that type of conflict is known
to have been present or not present. If unknown code "not present/unknown." NOT PRESENT/UNKNOWN = 1; PRESENT = 2.) (MIC, Var. 10;
Var. 11)
5
22
150
DIVISB2
A secondary party on side B suffered
internal divisions and/or dissension
relating to its territory.
5
23
151
ADVNTGB2
A secondary party on side B had a
clear military advantage over A at
4-1980
18
the beginning of this phase (in terms
of arms and soldiers).
5
24
152
SUBVRTB2
A secondary party on side B attempts to
or does subvert government on side A.
5
25
153
REPRESB2
A secondary party on side B represses
internal political groups that are
related to this dispute.
5
26
154
DSPLESB2
A secondary party on side B indicates
displeasure with nation on side A
through public statements or
demonstrations.
5
27
155
SNUBB2
A secondary party on side B snubs a
party on side A by ignoring a diplomatic protocol.
5
28
156
PROTSTB2
A secondary party on side B issues a
diplomatic protest concerning some
activity of a party on side A.
5
29
157
APPEALB2
A secondary party on side B appeals
to larger community or condemns a party
on side A.
5
30
158
REFUSEB2
A secondary party on side B refuses to
provide or withdraws assistance from
a party on side A --
economic, tech-
nical or military.
5
31
159
SUPTB2
A secondary party on side B supports an
opponent of a party on side A by
providing material or moral support.
5
32
160
THREATB2
A secondary party on side B issues a
threat against a party on side A.
5
33
161
NOFITEB2
Military operations by a secondary
party on side B, without fighting.
5
34
162
CASULTB2
Military operations by secondary party
on side B, with unintended casualties.
Conflictual Actions by Primary Parties on Sides A & B
(Code the presence or absence of the following for primary parties on sides
A and B during this phase. If unknown, code "not present/unknown."
NOT PRESENT/UNKNOWM = 1; PRESENT =2.) (MIC, Var. 10; Var. 11)
4-1980
19
5
35
170
CONFRNT1
Military confrontation by parties
on both sides A and B.
5
36
171
FEWSKIR1
A party on side A and a party on side
B have skirmishes along their border
at infrequent intervals.
5
37
172
FREQSKR1
Parties on sides A and B have frequent
or routine skirmishes.
5
38
173
UNCONV1
Parties on sides A and B engage in an
unconventional war.
5
39
174
LIMWAR1
Parties on side A and parties on side
B engage in a limited war.
5
40
175
GENWARI
A party on side A and a party on side
B engage in a general war.
Conflictual Actions by Secondary Parties on Sides A & B
(Code presence or absence of the following for secondary parties on side
A and B during this phase. In unknown code "not present/unknown."
NOT PRESENT/UNKNOWN = 1; PRESENT = 2.) (MIC, Var. 10 and Var. 11)
5
41
180
CONFRNT2
Military confrontation by parties on
both sides A and B.
5
42
181
FEWSKIR2
Parties on side A and parties on side
B have skirmishes along their border
at infrequent intervals.
5
43
182
FREQSKR2
Parties on side A and B have
frequent or routine skirmishes.
5
44
183
UNCONV2
Parties on sides A and B engage in
unconventional war.
5
45
184
LIMWAR2
Parties on sides A and B engage in a
limited war.
5
46
185
GENWAR2
Parties on sides A and B engage in a
general war.
4-1980
an
20
Cessation of Conflictual Actions by Primary Parties on Side A
(For one or more primary parties on side A during this phase, code whether
any of the following types of conflictual actions, known to have been
present in this or some previous phase, are now known to have ceased or
stopped during this phase. If unknown code "not known to have ceased."
NOT KNOWN TO HAVE CEASED = 1; KNOWN TO HAVE CEASED = 2.)
5
47
190
XDIVISA
A primary party on side A suffered
internal divisions and/or dissension
relating to its territory.
5
48
191
XADVNTGA
A primary party on side A had a clear
military advantage over B at the
beginning of this phase (in terms of
arms and soldiers).
5
49
192
XSUBVRTA
A primary party on side A attempts to
or does subvert a government on side B.
5
50
193
XREPRESA
A primary party on side A represses
internal political groups that are
related to this dispute.
5
51
194
XDSPLESA
A primary party on side A indicates
displeasure with a party on side
B through public statements or
demonstrations.
5
52
195
XSNUBA
A primary party on side A snubs a party
on side B by ignoring a diplomatic
protocol.
5
53
196
XPROTSTA
A primary party on side A issues a
diplomatic protest concerning some
activity of a party on side B.
5
54
197
XAPPEALA
A primary party on side A appeals to
larger community or condemns a party on
side B.
5
55
198
XREFUSEA
A primary party on side A refuses to
provide or withdraws assistance from
a party on side B --
economic,
technical, or military.
5
56
199
XSUPTA
A primary party on side A supports an
opponent of party B by providing
material or moral support.
5
57
200
XTHREATA
A primary party on side A issues a
threat against a party on side B.
4-1980
21
5
58
201
XNOFITEA
Military operations by a primary
party on side A, without fighting.
5
59
202
XCASULTA
Military operations by a primary party
on side A, with unintended casualties.
Cessation of Conflictual Actions by Primary Parties on Side B
(For one or more primary parties on side B during this phase, code whether
any of the following types of conflictual actions, known to have been
present in this or some previous phase, are now known to have ceased or
stopped during this phase. If unknown, code "not known to have ceased."
NOT KNOWN TO HAVE CEASED = 1; KNOWN TO HAVE CEASED = 2.)
5
60
210
XDIVISB
A primary party on side B suffered
internal divisions and/or dissension
relating to its territory.
5
61
211
XADVNTGB
A primary party on side B had a clear
military advantage over A at the
beginning of this phase (in terms of
arms and soldiers).
5
62
212
XSUBVRTB
A primary party on side B attempts to
or does subvert a government on side A.
5
63
213
XREPRESB
A primary party on side B represses
internal political groups that are
related to this dispute.
5
64
214
XDSPLESB
A primary party on side B indicates
displeasure with a party on side A
through public statements or
demonstrations.
5
65
215
XSNUBB
A primary party on side B snubs a party
on side A by ignoring a diplomatic
protocol.
5
66
216
XPROTSTB
A primary party on side B issues a
diplomatic protest concerning some
activity of a party on side A.
5
67
217
XAPPEALB
A primary party on side B appeals to
larger community or condemns a party on
side A.
5
68
218
XREFUSEB
A primary party on side B refuses to
provide or withdraws assistance from
a party on side A -- economic,
4-1980
22
technical, or military.
5
69
219
XSUPTB
A primary party on side B supports an
opponent of a party on side A by
providing material or moral support.
5
70
220
XTHREATB
A primary party on side B issues a
threat against nation on side A.
5
71
221
XNOFITEB
Military operations by a primary party
on side B, without fighting.
5
72
222
XCASULTB
Military operations by a primary party
on side B, with unintended casualties.
Cessation of Conflictual Actions by Secondary Parties on Side A
(For one or more secondary parties on side A during this phase, code
whether any of the following types of conflictual actions, known to have
been present in this or some previous phase, are now known to have ceased
or stopped during this phase. If unknown code "not known to have ceased."
NOT KNOWN TO HAVE CEASED = 1; KNOWN TO HAVE CEASED =2.)
XDIVISA2
A secondary party on side A suffered
internal divisions and/or dissension
relating to its territory.
01-03
NCASE
What is the case number?
6
04-05
NCARD
What is the card number?
6
06-08
NPRASE
What is the number of this phase?
6
09
231
XADVNTGA2
A secondary party on side A had a clear
military advantage on side B at the
beginning of this phase (in terms of
arms and soldiers).
6
10
232
XSBVRTA2
A secondary party on side A attempts to
or does subvert a government on
side B.
6
11
233
XREPRESA2
A secondary party on side A represses
internal political groups that are
related to this dispute.
6
12
234
XDSPLSA2
A secondary party on side A indicates
displeasure with a party on side B
through public statements or
demonstrations.
5
73
6
4-1980
230
23
I
6
13
235
XSNUBA2
A secondary party on side A snubs
a party on side B by ignoring a
diplomatic protocol.
6
14
236
XPROTSA2
A secondary party on side A issues a
diplomatic protest concerning some
activity of a party on side B.
6
15
237
XAPEALA2
A secondary party on side A appeals to
a larger community or condemns a
party on side B.
6
16
238
XREFUSA2
A secondary party on side A refuses
to provide or withdraws assistance
from a party on side B --
economic,
technical, or military.
6
17
239
XSUPTA2
A secondary party on side A supports
an opponent of a party on side B by
providing material or moral support.
6
18
240
XTHRETA2
A secondary party on side A issues a
threat against a party on side B.
6
19
241
XNOFITA2
Military operations by a secondary party
on side A, without fighting.
6
20
242
XCASULA2
Military operations by a secondary
party on side A, with unintended
casualties.
Cessation of Conflictual Actions by Secondary Parties on Side B
(For one or more secondary parties on side B during this phase, code
whether any of the following types of conflictual actions, known to have
been present in this or some previous phase, are now known to have ceased
or stopped during this phase. If unknown, code "not known to have ceased."
NOT KNOWN TO HAVE CEASED = 1; KNOWN TO RAVE CEASED = 2.)
6
21
250
XDIVISB2
A secondary party on side B suffered
internal divisions and/or dissension
relating to its territory.
6
22
251
XADVTGB2
A secondary party on side B had a clear
military advantage over side A at
the beginning of this phase (in
terms of arms and soldiers).
6
23
252
XSBVRTB2
A secondary party on side B attempts
to or does subvert a government on
4-1980
24
side A.
6
24
253
XREPSB2
A secondary party on side B represses
internal political groups that are
related to this dispute.
6
25
254
XDSPLSB2
A secondary party on side B indicates
displeasure with a party on side A
though public statements or
demonstrations.
6
26
255
XSNUBB2
A secondary party on side B snubs a
party on side A by ignoring a
diplomatic protocol.
6
27
256
XPROTSB2
A secondary party on side B issues a
diplomatic protest concerning some
activity of a party on side A.
6
28
257
XAPEALB2
A secondary party on side B appeals to
larger community or condemns a
party on side A.
6
29
258
XREFUSB2
A secondary party on side B refuses to
provide or withdraws assistance from
a party on side A --
economic,
technical, or military.
6
30
259
XSUPTB2
A secondary party on side B supports an
opponent of a party on side B by
providing material or moral support.
6
31
260
XTHRETB2
A secondary party on side B issues
a threat against a party on side A.
6
32
261
XNOFITB2
Military operations by a secondary
party on side B, without fighting.
6
33
262
XCASULB2
Military operations by a secondary
party on side B, with unintended
casualties.
Cessation of Conflictual Actions by Primary Parties
on Sides A & B
(Code whether any of the following types of conflictual actions
primary parties on sides A and B, known to have been present in
some previous phase, are known to have ceased or stopped during
phase. If unknown, code "not known to have ceased." NOT KNOWN
CEASED = 1; KNOWN TO HAVE CEASED = 2.)
4-1980
by
this or
this
TO HAVE
25
6
34
270
XCONFRTI
Military confrontation by parties on
both sides A and B.
6
35
271
XFEWSKRI
A party on side A and a party on
side B have skirmishes along their
border at infrequent intervals.
6
36
272
XFRQSKR1
Parties on sides A and B have frequent
or routine skirmishes.
6
37
273
XUNCONV1
Parties on sides A and B engage in an
unconventional war.
6
38
274
XLIMWAR1
Parties on side A and nations on side
B engage in a limited war.
6
39
275
XGENWAR1
Parties on side A and nations on side B
engage in a general war.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Cessation of Conflictual Actions by Secondary Parties
on Sides A & B
(Code whether any of the following types of conflictual actions by
secondary parties on sides A and B, known to have been present in this
or some previous phase, are known to have ceased or stopped during this
phase. If unknown, code "not known to have ceased." NOT KNOWN TO HAVE
CEASED - 1; KNOWN TO HAVE CEASED = 2.)
6
40
280
XCONFRT2
Military confrontation by parties on
both sides A and B.
6
41
281
XFEWSKR2
Parties on side A and parties on side
B have skirmishes along their border
at infrequent intervals.
6
42
282
XFRQSKR2
Parties on side A and B have frequent
or routine skirmishes.
6
43
283
XUNCONV2
Parties on sides A and B engage in an
unconventional war.
6
44
284
XLIMWAR2
Parties on sides A and B engage in a
limited war.
6
45
285
XGENWAR2
Parties on sides A and B engage in a
general war.
4-1980
26
Cooperative Actions by Primary Parties on Side A
(For primary parties on side A during this phase, code each of the following
statements as to whether that type of cooperation is known to have been
NOT PRESENT = 1;
present or not present. If unknown, code "not present."
PRESENT = 2.)
6
46
290
TALKA
A party on side A willing to talk,
but those on side B not willing.
6
47
291
ASSISTA
A party on side A provides a party on
side B with assistance of an economic,
technical, or military nature.
6
48
292
PUBSPRTA
A party on side A provides public
support for the policies, goals or
aspirations of a party on side B.
Cooperative Actions by Primary Parties on Side B
(Code presence/absence for primary party cooperation on side B during
this phase. Same codes as above.)
6
49
295
TALKB
A party on side B willing to talk, but
those on side A not willing.
6
50
296
ASSISTB
A party on side B provides a party on
side A with assistance of economic,
technical or military nature.
6
51
297
PUBSPRTB
A party on side B provides a party on
side A with public support for its
policies, goals or aspirations.
Cooperative Actions by_ Primary Parties on Sides A & B
(Code presence/absence for primary party cooperation during this phase.
Same codes as above.)
6
4-1980
52
300
INTGRT1
Some parties on sides A and B
integrate to form a political
union.
27
6
53
301
REGORG1
Some parties on sides A and B form
a regional organization to accomplish
specific goals.
6
54
302
PROJECTI
Some parties on sides A and B jointly
engage in a project of civilian or
military nature.
6
55
303
POLICY1
Some parties on sides A and B coordinate policies or conclude agreements.
6
56
304
RESTRCT1
Parties on sides A and B reduce
restrictions on the exchange of
materials, people or ideas.
6
57
305
EXCHNG1
Parties on side A and B engage in a
cultural exchange or some nongovernmental exchange of information or
materials.
6
58
306
DISCUSSI
Parties on sides A and B discuss
differences, consult, or negotiate.
6
59
307
HOSTIL1
Parties on sides A and B reduced the
level of hostilities.
4-1980
28
General Phase Information
(Code the following variables once
dispute passes.)
Card
Type
6
Column
62-63
Var. #
310
for each phase through which the
Label
Question/Codes
FATALITY
How many deaths were directly related
to this dispute during this phase?
(Enter exact number of deaths, if
possible, in the comment space.)
(MIC, Var. 04)
01 = no information
02 = debatable
03 = none
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
6
64
311
MILITARY
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1 - 25
26 - 100
101 - 1000
1001 - 2000
2001 - 10,000
10,001 - 100,000
over 100,000
To what extent were parties other than
the conflicting sides involved
militarily during this phase?
(MIC, Var. 14)
1
2
3
4
= no information
= debatable
= other actors not involved
= other actors provided military
and/or diplomatic aid
5 = other actors in the immediate
geographical region were
actually in or about to enter
the dispute militarily
6 = other actors elsewhere in the world
were actually in or about to
enter the dispute militarily
6
65
312
TYPE
The dispute during this phase was
primarily of what type? (Avoid
using 1,2, and 9.)
(MIC, Var. 15)
1 = no information
2 = debatable
3 = none of the below
4-1980
29
=
=
=
=
4
5
6
7
interstate, cold war
internal cold war
general internal, non-cold war
general interstate, non-cold war
8 = colonial
9 = mixed
6
66
313
PAMSOVWR
How likely was Soviet-American war
during this phase of the dispute?
(MIC, Var 09)
1 = no information
2 = debatable
3 = very likely
4 = possible
5 = unlikely
6 = impossible
6
67
314
ALIGNMT
How were the major conflicting sides
aligned during this phase with respect
to the cold war alliances or close
diplomatic ties with bloc leaders?
(MIC, Var. 16)
1 = no information
2 = debatable
3 = members of opposing blocs
4 = members of the same bloc
5 = bloc member v. unaligned state
6
both unaligned
6
68
315
ETHNICTY
Were ethnic and/or religious factors
relevant to the outcome of this
phase? (MIC, Var. 17)
1 = no information
2 = debatable
3 = no
4 = yes, slightly
5 = yes, important determining factors
6
69
316
IDEOLOGY
Were ideological factors, including
the cold war ones, relevant to the
outcome of this phase?
(MIC, Var. 18)
1
2
3
4
4-1980
=
=
=
=
no information
debatable
no, not relevant
yes, contending
30
5 = yes, compatible
6
70
317
HISTDIV
Around what did the relevant historic
sources of disagreement between the
major conflicting sides center?
(The answer should be the same for all
phases.) (MIC, Var. 19)
1
2
3
4
5
6
6
71-72
318
PHSETLMT
=
=
=
=
=
=
no information
debatable
no historic disagreement
disputed boundaries
irredentist claims
other general historic animosity
What type of settlement, if any, was
reached during this phase?
01 = no information
02 = debatable
03 = none
04 = principled
05 = dispute subordinated to a new
separate issue
06 = dissipation: disappear, of no
actor's cause
07 = dispute becomes subsumed in a
larger conflict that is part of
the same issue
08 = partial settlement
09 = obsolescence of issue
10 = elimination of one of the parties
11 = movement to the next phase only
7
01-03
NCASE
What is the case number?
7
04-05
NCARD
What is the card number?
7
06-08
NPHASE
What is the number of this phase?
7
09
320
QAGENTS
How many conflict management agents
are involved in this conflict during
this phase? (Maximum of six agents can
be listed.) (MIC, Var. 02)
7
10-27
321
NAGENTS
What are the code numbers of these
agents? (Maximum 6)
7
28
322
QFAILAGT
How many management agents failed to
achieve access to both sides and issues
in this phase? (Maximum of 3)
4-1980
31
----------------------------------------(Code variables 323-342 once for each agent's failure to achieve access.)
7
29
323
NFAILUR1
What is the # of this failure?
7
30-32
324
NFALAGT1
What is the code # of the failed
agent?
7
33-34
325
FAILYRI
What year did this agent fail?
7
35-36
326
FAILMTHl
What month did this agent fail?
7
37-38
327
FAILDAYl
What day did this agent fail?
7
39
328
WHYFAIL1
Why did this agent fail?
1 = not relevant
2 = no information
3
4
5
6
7
=
=
=
=
=
debatable
side A claims agent
side B claims agent
neither side wanted
neither side wanted
biased for B
biased for A
management
this agent
-------------------------------------------------------------------7
40
330
NFAILUR2
What is
the # of this failure?
7
41-43
331
NFALAGT2
What is
the code # of the failed
agent?
7
44-45
332
FAILYR2
What year did this agent fail?
7
46-47
333
FAILMTH2
What month did this agent fail?
7
48-49
334
FAILDAY2
What day did this agent fail?
7
50
335
WHYFAIL2
Why did this agent fail?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
not relevant
no information
debatable
side A claims agent
side B claims agent
neither side wanted
neither side wanted
biased for B
biased for A
management
this agent
----------------------------------------------------
7
51
337
NFAILUR3
What is
the # of this failure?
7
52-54
338
NFALAGT3
What is
the code # of the failed
agent?
4-1980
32
7
55-56
339
FAILYR3
What year did this agent fail?
7
57-58
340
FAILMTH3
What month did this agent fail?
7
59-60
341
FAILDAY3
What day did this agent fail?
7
61
342
WHYFAIL3
Why did this agent fail?
I = not relevant
2
3
4
5
6
7
4-1980
=
=
=
=
=
=
no information
debatable
side A claims agent
side B claims agent
neither side wanted
neither side wanted
biased for B
biased for A
management
this agent
33
III.
DATASET 3 --
Management/Referral Overview
Initiatives/Referrals
(If there were no referrals of this case, you are finished coding this
case.
If there were one or more referrals code variables 350-365 for each
referral.
Code referrals sequentially for each dispute by phase.)
Card
Type
Column
Var. #
Label
Question/Codes
8
01-03
NCASE
What is the case number?
8
04-05
NCARD
What is the card number?
8
06-08
NPHASE
What is the number of this phase?
8
9-10
350
NREFERAL
What is the number of this referral?
8
11-13
351
NWHOREF
What is the code number of the actor
that referred this case? (Use the
number of the strongest actor, as
measured by the Cox-Jacobson scale
for that period.)
8
14
352
QREFER
To how many other actors did the
above one refer the case?
8
15-17
353
NWHOMREF
What is the code number of the agent
to whom this case was referred?
8
18-19
354
REFYEAR
During what year was this referral
made?
8
20-21
355
REFMONTH
During what month was this referral
made?
8
22-23
356
REFDAY
During what day was this referral
made?
8
24-25
357
ACPTYEAR
During what year was this referral
accepted?
8
26-27
358
ACPTMTH
During what month was this referral
accepted?
8
28-29
359
ACPTDAY
On what day was this referral accepted?
8
30-32
360
NINTIATR
What is the code number of the
primary actor within the organization
who initiated this referral? (by
making the most serious, sustained
4-1980
34
(Use the Coxintensive effort.)
Jacobson for strongest actor in case
of ties.)
8
33-34
361
QSUPORTR
How many actors visibly and strongly
supported this referral?
8
35-70
362
NSUPORTR
What are the code numbers of the actors
who visibly and strongly supported
this referral, in order of the strength
of support? (Maximum 20)
(In order of
Cox-Jacobson strength of actor.)
9
01-03
NCASE
What is the case number?
04-05
NCARD
What is the card number?
06-08
NPRASE
What is the number of this phase?
9
11-34
363
NSUPORTR
What are the code numbers of the
actors who visibly and strongly
supported this referral, in order
of the strength of support?
(Maximum 20) (In order of CoxJacobson strength of actor.)
9
35-36
363
QOPPOSER
How many actors visibly and strongly
opposed this referral?
9
37-72
364
NOPPOSER
What are the code numbers of the
actors who visibly and strongly
opposed this referral, in order of
their strength of opposition?
(Maximum of 20) (In order of CoxJacobson scale of strength of actor.)
10
01-03
NCASE
What is the case number?
10
04-05
NCARD
What is the card number?
10
06-08
NPHASE
What is the number of this phase?
10
11-34
NOPPOSER
What are the code numbers of the
actors who visibly and strongly
opposed this referral, in order of
their strength of opposition?
(Maximum of 20) (In order of CoxJacobson scale of strength of the
actor.)
10
35
RFOUTCOM
What was the outcome of this
referral?
365
1 = not relevant
4-1980
35
2
3
4
5
6
7
4-1980
=
=
=
=
=
no information
debatable
referral accepted
referral deferred
referral turned down
referral ignored
36
IV. DATASET 4 --
Agents
(Code variables 380 through 394 once for each management agent for each
phase.) (MIC, Var. 29; Var. 30; Var. 31)
Card
Type
Column
11
Var. #
Label
Question/Codes
01-03
NCASE
What is the case number?
11
04-05
NCARD
What is the card number?
11
06-08
NPHASE
What is the number of this phase?
11
9-11
380
NAGENT
What is the code number of this
agent? (MIC, Var. 23)
11
12
381
QLEADER
How many countries provided leadership
with respect to the handling of the
dispute in this phase?
(MIC, Var. 37; Var. 38)
11
13-34
382
NLEADER
If the agent was an organization,
what are the code numbers of the
countries that provided leadership
with respect to the organization's
handling of this dispute during this
phase? (Maximum 7)
11
35-36
383
ATTNYEAR
During what year was this dispute
brought to the attenton of this
agent?
11
37-38
384
ATTNMNTH
During what month was this dispute
brought to the attention of this
agent?
11
39-40
385
ATTNDAY
On what day was this dispute brought
to the attention of this agent?
11
41-42
386
TYPEAGNT
What type of agent is coded on this
card? (MIC, Var. 22)
01 = no information
02 = debatable
03 = none
04 = collective security IO
05 = collective defense 10
06 = adjudicatory IO
07 = functional/economic 10
08 = affiliative IO
09 = concert
10 = individual
4-1980
37
11
43
387
WHOBROT
Who originally brought this case to
the attention of this agent?
(MIC, Var. 25)
1 = no information
2 = parties allied with side A
3 = parties allied with side B
4 = another agent already involved
with this case
5 = an actor who was a bystander
6 = this same agent itself
7 = this same agent itself, due
to its involvement in a
previous phase of the case
8 = parties on both sides A & B
acting in concert
9 = parties on both sides A and B
acting separately
11
44
388
RESPNSBL
Who was primarily responsible for
this agent's intervention during
this phase? (MIC, Var. 25)
1 = no information
2 = parties allied with side A
3 = parties allied with side B
4 = another agent already involved
with this case
5 = an actor who was a bystander
6 = this same agent itself
7 = this same agent itself, due to its
involvement in the previous phase
of the case
8 = parties on both sides A & B acting
in concert
9 = parties on both sides A & B acting
separately
11
45
389
BIASTO
Was this agent apparently biased
toward one or more of the sides
during this phase? (MIC, Var. 27)
1
2
3
4
=
=
=
=
no information
debatable
yes, for side A
yes, for side B
5 = yes, slightly for side A
6 = yes, slightly for side B
7 = no
8 = slightly biased for both
9 = strongly biased for both
4-1980
38
11
46
390
BIASAGST
Was this agent apparently biased
against one or more of the sides
during this phase? (MIC, Var. 27)
1 = no information
2 = debatable
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
47
391
AUTONOMY
=
=
=
=
=
yes, against side A
yes, against side B
yes, slightly against side A
yes, slightly against side B
no
slightly biased against both
strongly biased against both
With respect to decisions it had to
make in this case during this phase,
to what degree was the agent
relatively autonomous of the major
conflicting sides? (Autonomous -how much action could the agent take
without the support of either side?)
(MIC, Var. 28)
1 = no information
2
3
4
5
6
11
47
392
MANDRESP
=
=
=
=
=
debatable
not at all autonomous
to a low degree
to a moderate degree
to a high degree
Was there an agreed-upon perception
that the agent's involvement was within
its mandated responsibilities?
(MIC, Var. 36)
1 = no information
2 = debatable
3 = inapplicable, not an organization
4 = yes, involvement perceived to be
within mandated responsibilities
5 = no, involvement perceived to
represent a continuation of
serious task expansion (task
expansion: agent activities perceived to go beyond management
activities undertaken by this agent
in a previous phase of this
case or in previous similar cases)
6 = no, involvement perceived to
represent serious (new) task
expansion (where agent involvement or activity is charged by any
4-1980
39
actor involved to lie outside of
the prior constitutional basis
of the organization).
11
49-50
393
PRIMROLE
What was this agent's primary role
during this phase? (MIC, Var. 42)
01 = no information
02 = debatable
03 = inapplicable, agent is an
organization
04 = private
05 = technocratic
06 = general political
07 = economic
08 = political/strategic
11
4-1980
51
394
QACTION
How many actions did this agent take on
this conflict during this phase?
40
V: DATASET 5 --
Agent Actions
(For each phase, code which of the following particular actions
the management agent is known to have taken.
If unknown, code
"not taken/unknown."
NOT TAKEN/UNKNOWN = 1; TAKEN = 2.)
(MIC, Var. 32; Var. 33; Var. 34; Var. 35; Var. 40)
Card
Type
Column
Var. #
Label
Question/Codes
12
01-03
NCASE
What is the case number?
12
04-05
NCARD
What is the card number?
12
06-08
NPHASE
What is the number of this phase?
12
09-11
NAGENT
What is the code number of this agent?
12
12
400
CONCILAT
Conciliation -- to cause negotiations
between parties.
12
13
401
MEDIATE
Mediation -- to act as a go-between
in negotiation.
12
14
402
ARBTRATE
Arbitration -- to decide an issue
between parties.
12
15
403
ENUNCIAT
Enunciate --
12
16
404
GDOFFICE
Good Offices -- provide meeting
place, support materials.
12
17
405
INVESTGT
Investigation -in the field.
12
18
406
QUARTINE
Quarantine -- to isolate the conflict,
e.g. arms embargo.
12
19
407
INTERVEN
Intervention -presence.
12
20
408
COERCION
Coercion --
enforcement actions.
12
21
409
OBSERVE
Observation
--
12
22
410
DISCUSS
Discussion
12
23
411
REFERRAL
Referral --
12
24
412
EXHORT
Exhortation -- plead for parties to
reach settlement.
12
25
413
MILASSTA
Military assistance to side A.
4-1980
9
state and clarify issues.
--
as by a committee;
direct phsyical
teams report to agent.
with no resolution.
to another agent.
41
1
12
26
414
POLASSTA
Political/Diplomatic assistance to
side A.
12
27
415
ECNASSTA
Economic assistance to side A.
12
28
416
HUMASSTA
Humanitarian assistance to side A.
12
29
417
MILASSTB
Military assistance to side B.
12
30
418
POLASSTB
Political/Diplomatic assistance to
side B.
12
31
419
ECNASSTB
Economic assistance to side B.
12
32
420
HUMASSTB
Humanitarian assistance to side B.
12
33
421
AJUDCATE
Adjudication and/or finding.
12
34
422
NODISCUS
On agenda, no discussion.
12
35
423
NOAGENDA
Unwilling to put on agenda.
4-1980
42
Appendix I:
List of Actors/Agents
Supplemental List of Actors and Code Numbers
Code Number
001
007
008
009
012
013
014
015
016
017
018
019
022
023
024
025
026
027
028
029
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
039
043
044
045
046
047
048
049
061
062
063
064
067
069
071
072
073
4-1980
Actor Name
Cases
Angolan Nationalists
Baluchi Tribes
Biafra
Bolivian Insurgents
Botswana Nationalists
Brunei Dissidents
Camerounis
Caribbean Legion
Catholics (Northern Ireland)
Chadian Dissidents
Chinese Communist Party
Chinese Nationalist Troops
Costa Rican Exiles
Cuban Revolutionaries
Cypriots
Czech Communist Party
Czech Nationalist Party
Dominican Dissidents
Dominican Exiles
Dominican Faction
Dominican Factions, Others
East German Workers
East Pakistan
Eritrea
Eritrea Liberation Front
Ewe Groups
FNLA
Front for Liberation of South Yemen
(FLOSY)
Greek Communists
Greek Cypriots
Guatemala Dissidents
Guatemalan Exiles
Guinea-Bissau Nationalists (PAIGC)
Guinean Dissidents
Guinean Exiles
Guyanese People's Progressive Party
Haitian Dissidents
Haitian Exiles
Hindus
Hutu
Hyderabad
Indonesian Moslem Rebels
Iraqi Dissidents
Iraqi Kurds
179,310
306
265,266,267
263
169
210
100
25
283
244
9
53
37,99
106
92,93
35
35
157
157
250,251,252
250,251,252
85
291
16
260
28
310
216,280
21
231,232,308,309
198
83,84
179,217
249
151,273
86
151
151,273
3
298,299
43
63
149
188,307
43
(
074
075
076
077
078
079
081
082
083
084
-
085
086
087
088
089
097
098
099
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
111
112
1 13
114
116
117
118
119
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
131
132
133
134
136
137
138
4-1980
Jordanian Dissidents
Katangan Exiles
Khmer Rouge
Kurds
Lesotho Nationalists
Malagasy Rebels
Malayan Insurgents
Mercenaries
Mizo Tribes
MNR: National Revolutionary Movement -- Bolivia
Moslems
MPLA
Mozambique Nationalists
Naga Tribes
National Front for the Liberation
of South Yemen (NLF)
Nepal Exiles
Nicaraguan Exiles
NATO
North Cameroons
Nyasaland
Omani Rebels
Pakhtuns
PLO
Panamanian Revolutionaries
Paraguayan Exiles
Pathet Lao
Popular Front for the Liberation
of Oman (PFLO)
Protestants (N. Ireland)
Provisional Revolutionary Government (Vietnam)
Puerto Rico
Ras al Khaimah
Rhodesia
Rwandan Exiles
Sabah Insurgents
Sihanoukists
South African Dissidents
South Cameroons
Southern Sudanese Army
Sudanese Southern Secessionists
Swaziland
Thai Insurgents
Tibet
Turkish Cypriots
Tutsi Exiles
Ugandan Dissidents
UNITA
Venezuelan Guerrillas
Viet-Minh
Vietnamese NLF
WTO
116,130,131
258
287
12
169
26
212
258
101
49
3
310
179
101
216,280
176
158
147,181
105
150
96
30,31
285,286
152
153
139,140,141,011,193,211
227
283
301
69
281
228
259
210
287
161
105
82
218,219
169
248
68,91,113,154,155
231,232,308,309
230
292,293,294
310
229
193
162
147,181
44
139
141
142
143
144
West Pakistan
Yemeni Republicans
Yemeni Royalists
Zairean Rebels
Zairean Secessionists
291
207,208,209
207,208,209
239,241
167
Additional Actor List: Geographical Areas
199
399
599
699
899
999
Western Hemisphere
Europe
Africa
Middle East
Asia
Oceania
These geographical areas can be used in coding, when one
only knows of the region of an actor involved in the
dispute, and not its precise location or name.
4-1980
45
Managing Agents
Code Number
963
964
965
UN General Assembly
UN Security Council
UN Secretary-General
966
OAS
967
968
International Control Commission/Geneva Conference
Council of Europe
969
970
OEEC
NATO
971
European Fisheries Conference
972
973
OAU
World Council of Churches
974
975
976
Union Africaine et Malagache/Coneil de l'Entente
Warsaw Treaty Organization
Joint Military Commission/International Commission
for Control and Supervision
US, Argentina, Brazil, Chile (Guarantor States)
977
4-1980
Actor Name
978
ICJ
979
981
982
World Bank
British Commonwealth
League of Arab States
983
984
Egypt/Saudia Arabia
US/UK
986
987
988
989
991
Tunisia/Ivory Coast
Colombo Conference
Ethiopia/Mali
Douala Conference
Papal Nuncio
992
993
Pope Paul VI
US/USSR
994
995
996
997
998
Congo/Zaire
PLO
International Commission of Jurists
Unknown
None
46
Appendix II: Cox-Jacobson Scale*
Country
US
USSR
China (Peking)
France
Germany (West)
UK
Japan
India
Italy
Canada
Sweden
Switzerland
Argentina
Australia
Brazil
South Africa
Belgium
Denmark
Indonesia
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Austria
Cuba
Germany (East)
Israel
Mexico
Norway
Pakistan
UAR
Yugoslavia
Czechoslovakia
Finland
New Zealand
Philippines
Turkey
Venezuela
Nigeria
Luxembourg
All Others
1945-55
1956-61
super
super
large
large
middle
large
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
small
middle
middle
small
middle
small
middle
small
small
middle
small
small
small
small
small
small
small
small
small
small
small
small
small
small
small
small
small
smallest
super
super
large
large
large
large
middle
large
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
small
middle
middle
small
middle
small
small
small
small
middle
small
small
small
small
small
small
small
small
small
small
small
small
smallest
1961super
super
large
large
large
large
large
large
large
large
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
middle
small
small
small
small
small
small
small
small
smallest
4p
*
Source:
Robert W.
Cox and Erold K. Jacobson,
The
Anatomy of
Influence (New Haven: Yale Ur versity Press, 1973), pp. 437-443.
4-1980
47
_
Appendix III
Table Depicting the Congruence Between the FACS
Phase/Actor Disaggregated Codebook Variables
and the Butterworth-Scranton MIC Variables
FACS Phase/Actor Disaggregated
Codebook Variables
I. Dataset
001
002
003
004
005
006
007
1 --
Butterworth-Scranton Relevant
Variables
Case Overview
NCASE
CASENAME
QRELCASE
NRELCASE
QPHASE
QREFER
MANAGENT
DIRECT: Var. 01
none
none
none
none
none
DIRECT: Var. 02
008 INTNSITY
DIRECT: Var. 06
INDIRECT: Var. 44; Var.
46
009 CONTINUE
DIRECT: Var. 05
INDIRECT: Var. 07; Var.
43;
Var. 44
DIRECT: Var. 08
INDIRECT: Var. 45; Var.
INDIRECT: Var. 08; Var.
Var. 46
010 SPREAD
011 SPREAD2
012
013
014
015
016
SOVAMWAR
SETLMENT
DIRECT: Var. 09
INDIRECT:
none
none
none
RESULT
SATISFYA
SATISFYB
II. Dataset 2 --
46
45;
Var.
47
Phase Specific
Information
020
021
022
023
062
063
064
065
066
067
068
069
4-1980
NPHASE
PHASEYR
PHASEMTH
PHASEDAY
QPRIMPA
NPRMPAi
QSCNDPA
QSCNDPAi
QPRIMPB
NPRMPBi
QSECNDPB
NSCNDPBi
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
48
~~1
080 INTRESTA
081 INTRESTB
082 COSTA
083 COSTB
084 DISSENTA
085 DISSENTB
INDIRECT: Var. 20
INDIRECT: Var. 20
none
none
none
none
086- DIVISA through
098 CASULTA
INDIRECT: Var. 10; Var. 11
110- DIVISA2 through
122 CASULTA2
INDIRECT: Var. 10;
130- DIVISB through
142 CASULTB2
INDIRECT:
Var.
10; Var.
11
150- DIVISB2 through
162 CASULTB2
INDIRECT:
Var.
10;
11
170- CONFRNTI through
175 GENWARI
INDIRECT:
Var. 10; Var. 11
180- CONFRNT2 through
185 GENWAR2
INDIRECT: Var. 10; Var. 11
190- XDIVISA through
202 XCASULTA
none
210- XDIVISB through
222 XCASULTB
none
230- XDIVISA2 through
242 XCASULB2
none
250- XDIVISB2 through
262 XCASULTB2
none
270- XCONFRT1 through
275 XGENWAR1
none
280- XCONFRT2 through
285 XGENWAR2
none
290- TALKA through
292 PUBSPRTA
none
295- TALKB through
297 PUBSPRTB
none
300
301
302
303
304
none
none
none
none
none
4-1980
INTGRT1
REGORGI
PROJECTi
POLICYl
RESTRCT1
Var. 11
Var.
a
49
305
306
307
EXCHNG1
DISSCUSS1
HOSTIL1
none
none
none
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
FATALITY
MILITARY
TYPE
PAMSOVWR
ALIGNMT
ETHNCTY
IDEOLOGY
HISTDIV
PHSETLMT
DIRECT:
DIRECT:
DIRECT:
DIRECT:
DIRECT:
DIRECT:
DIRECT:
DIRECT:
none
320
321
322
QAGENTS
NAGENTS
QFAILAGT
DIRECT: Var. 02
none
none
330- NFAILUR2 through
335 WHYFAIL2
none
337- NFAILUR3 through
342 WHYFAIL3
none
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
ACPTYEAR
ACPTMTH
ACPTDAY
NINTIATR
QSUPORTR
NSUPORTR
QOPPOSER
NOPPOSER
RFOUTCOM
380
381
NAGENT
QLEADER
382
NLEADER
4-1980
Management/Referral
Overview
NREFERAL
NWHOREF
QREFER
NWHOMREF
REFYEAR
REFMONTH
REFDAY
IV. Dataset 5 --
04
14
15
09
16
17
18
19
DIRECT: Var. 23
323- NFAILUR1 through
328 WHYFAIL1
III. Dataset 3 --
Var.
Var.
Var.
Var.
Var.
Var.
Var.
Var.
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
Agents
DIRECT: Var. 23
INDIRECT: Var. 37; Var. 38
none
50
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
ATTNYEAR
ATTNMTH
ATTNDAY
TYPEAGNT
WHOBROT
RESPNSBL
BIASTO
BIASAGST
AUTONOMY
MANDRESP
PRIMROLE
QACTION
V. Dataset 5 --
none
none
none
DIRECT: Var. 22
INDIRECT: Var. 25
INDIRECT: Var. 25
INDIRECT: Var. 27
INDIRECT: Var. 27
DIRECT: Var. 28
INDIRECT: Var. 36
INDIRECT: Var. 42
none
it
Agent Actions
400- CONCILAT through
422 NOAGENDA
INDIRECT: Var.32; Var. 33;
Var. 34; Var. 35;
and Var. 40
#f
4-1980
51
Appendix IV: Flowchart Illustrating the Coding Process
of the FACS Phase/Actor
Disaggregated Codebook
Butterworth-Scranton
CONFLICT CASE
CASE STRUCTURE AND
OVERVIEW (Variables
1 thru 7)
MANAGEMENT EVALUATION
(Variables 11 thru 16)
PHASE SPECIFIC
INFORMATION
(Variables 20
thru 342)
no
Is this case referred
to any management agents
yes
in this phase?
-REFERRAL
CODE
(Variables
350 thru
si
Are there an
further phases
occurring in
thiscase?
.
W
aseWas
this
365)
this
oreferral
ccepted?
yes
noe
Are there any
agents involved (
in this case from
a referral in a
previous phase?
COENE
-no
Is this case
referred to any
other management
agents?
...-.-no
LOOP
.Va
(Var
43t
TO CODE REFERRAL
AND NEW AGENT ACTIONS
es
1.- Are there any
other agents
involved in this
case from a
referral in a
previous phase?
-
o
CODE AGENT
ACTIONS
(Variables
380 thru
423)
LOOP TO CODE
AGENT ACTIONS
I
52
es
Appendix V: Protocols/Revisions
XX/XX/XX --
One
can change
the starting dates
for a dispute
from
Butterworth and/or Bloomfield if we feel they didn't consider
Phase I (dispute) thoroughly.
XX/XX/XX
--
It is permissible to lump all the "relevant cases" together.
XX/XX/XX
--
Secondary
parties can become primary parties
in different
phases.
Parties can switch sides or quit
(withdraw from the
conflict) if there is definite information to that effect.
XX/XX/XX
--
The cooperation variables are mostly on the primary parties.
XX/XX/XX
--
Please note the wording for variable #360.
NOT to be determined by speeches
example, the US persuaded
India
return for some "good" one should
(only if this sort of information
XX/XX/XX --
4-1980
The initiator is
Where, for
and
statements.
to sponsor a
resolution in
code the US as the initiator
is available).
For variables 362 through 364 especially look for the US and
the USSR as supporters or opposers (also China since it joined
the UN).
53
9/28/79 ---
One can add primary parties to the dispute, but while in
Phase I, you must stick to Butterworth's listing of parties
for the case.
9/28/79 ---
For phase determinations, one should consider
parties' actions, but only the primary parties.
9/28/79 ---
A case can change issues in different phases.
10/5/79 ---
any primary
There can only be one Phase I and one Phase II in each case.
After those phases, the case must "float" around in Phases
III, IV, or V.
10/12/79 --
We decided that we will not code two separate cases for a
given core case, even if these are two or more management
agents. We will instead code just one. (ALL)
10/12/79 -- In phase determinations, just pick points
(dates) that one
is sure of, and continue in the same phase until one of these
points indicates a change. There should not be gaps either
between phases nor within phases, even in spite of a lack of
information.
Instead, the bad information should just be
noted in the case comment sheet in a notebook. (FARRIS,
SHERMAN)
10/12/79 -- The author/initiator of a new
this sheet.
protocol should be
10/12/79 -- The new definition of Phase IV throws
Phase III.
(ALKER, FARRIS)
noted on
temporary lulls into
10/12/79 -- There will
be separate code
numbers used
for preindependence actors than are used for the same group after
independence. This is done because the group may have changed
somewhat.
(ALKER)
12/4/79
--
After card 2, the card numbers no longer correspond
actual card but to a card type.
(ALKER)
to an
3/6/80
--
The coder must fill all columns on the coding sheets with some
0 if no other
number (code) is
number
(code), using
appropriate. (FARRIS)
3/6/80
--
There can only be one Phase
There can only be one Phase I.
II, unless the dispute skips Phase III, enters Phase V and
then returns to a condition where at least one party views the
dispute militarily. (SHERMAN)
4-1980
54
3/6/80 --
For each
Butterworth/Scranton "conflict
case,"
relevant
management agent activities and referrals should be coded as
if
the "conflict case" occurred without any precedent or
antecedent relevant cases. The codings should be constructed
in a "vacuum" without reference to a management agent's access
to the parties involved in an earlier "conflict case."
(SHERMAN)
3/6/80
--
For VarO11: SPREAD2 an agent's military involvement in a
dispute is defined as the presence of uniformed detachments of
UN-assigned military personnel. The military involvement does
not have to be related to a specific military objective or
outcome, and it can involve such units participating in the
enforcement
or
observance
of a
cease-fire,
in
the
disengagement or withdrawal of forces, or in the policing of
de-militarized zones (SHERMAN).
3/6/80 --
When coding the variable NPHASE, a 3-digit coding scheme will
be used. The last digit (_X)will be the number of the type
of phase being coded (i.e., phase levels I through VI).
The
first two digits
(XX_) will be a right-justified number
indicating the repetition factor of that phase. For example,
a coding of 012 would represent the first encounter of Phase
Type II in the case, while 022 would represent the second
occurrance of Phase Type II in the case. (ALL)
4-1980
55
4/11/80 --
In coding the calendar dates for the beginning of phases the
time when a referral is made, the time when a referral is
accepted, and the time when an agent's attention to a case
occurs -the following conventions should be followed:
(Variables: PHASEYR, PHASEMTH, PHASEDAY, REFYEAR, REFMONTH,
REFDAY, ACPTYEAR, ACPTMTH, ACPTDAY, ATTNYEAR, ATTNETH, ATTNDAY
-- Variable numbers: 021, 022, 023, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358,
359, 383, 384, 385 respectively)
YEAR --
code the last two digits (54 for the year 1954)
MTH -- code the two digit number 01 through 12 for the
months of January through December respectively. If
the precise month cannot be determined, try to code
the quarter in which the activity was most likely to
have occurred:
13
14
15
16
-----
1st Quarter
2nd Quarter
3rd Quarter
4th Quarter
If the
quarter cannot be determined
and the
information leads one to believe that the activity
took place in either "the first part of the year" or
"the last half of the year" code the following:
17
--
18
--
1st half of the year
2nd half of the year
DAY -- code the actual number (calendar number) of the
day during which the activity was most likely to
have occurred.
If the
precise day cannot be
determined use the following codes (referring to
weekly and semi-monthly time periods):
4-1980
32
33
34
35
36
--
1st week of the month
--
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
37
--
38
--
----
week
week
week
week
of
of
of
of
the
the
the
the
month
month
month
month
1st half of the month
2nd half of the month
56
4/11/80
--
In choosing the relevant agent activity to use in coding the
variables of WHOBROT, RSPNSBIL, and NLEADER one should select
the major (strongest, most significant) activity that the
agent undertook during the phase being coded. If the agenttook more than one action during the phase one should code the
action that the actors in the organization viewed as the
strongest or most important. (FARRIS, SHERMAN)
4/11/80
--
The variable WHOBROT will refer to the initial referral of
the conflict to the management agent. This coding shou'ld not
change between the phases of the case once the referral has
been made to the agent and once the referral has been
accepted. (SHERMAN)
4/11/80
--
In coding RSPNSBIL [Who was primarily responsible for this
agent's intervention during this phase?]
one should first
select the most important or significant action that the agent
took during the phase, and from the debate concerning this
action, code the
actors who were most
responible for
promulgating
that
action
of
the
agent.
Specific
considerations in coding this question include the following:
(1)
(either A or B) dominated the agents
If one side
deliberations and directed the actions of the management
agent, the relevant codes
(either 2 or 3)
would be
selected and those nations [up to a total of seven] would
be listed under the variable NLEADER for this agent for
this phase.
(2) If neither side was able to dominate the deliberations in
the organization concerning the actions it should take
and the resultant activity was some sort of compromise
solution, the codes 8 or 9 for RSPNSBIL would be
appropriate [if the sides acted in concert the code would
be 9;
if they acted separately and at "cross-purposes"
the code should be 8] with a mix of actors on both sides
being
coded as
having
been
leaders within
the
organization [NLEADER].
(FARRIS, SHERMAN)
4/11/80
4-1980
--
The Cox-Jacobson scale will be used to break ties between the
lists of specific actors to be coded under the relevant
and for
referrals to
management agents
variables for
leadership within management organizations leading to agent
intervention. In case of such a tie, the actor that is most
highly ranked on the Cox-Jacobson scale will be coded.
(FARRIS, SHERMAN)
57
*
Reflective Logics for Resolving Insecurity Dilemmas - Project Working Papers
1.
Hayward R. Alker, Jr., James Bennett, and Dwain Mefford, "Generalized
Precedent Logics for Resolving Insecurity Dilemmas," (1979).
la. Hayward R. Alker, Jr. and William J. Greenberg, "On Simulating Collective
Security Regime Alternatives," (1976).
lb. James P. Bennett and Hayward R. Alker, Jr., "When National Security Policies
Bred Collective Insecurity: The War of the Pacific in a World Politics
Simulation," (1977).
2.
Hayward R.
3.
Dwain Mefford, "Historical-Strategic Precedents as Procedures: A Strategy
for Applying Selected Artificial Intelligence Design Features to Simulation Building in International Relations," (1978).
4.
Dwain Mefford, "'Recursive' Versus 'Structural' Reflection: Dialectics as
an Instrument of Analysis Applied to the Genesis of Interpersonal Relations,"
(1978).
5.
Dwain Mefford, "Simulating the Practical Logic of Deterrence: An Application for Artificial Intelligence," (1979).
6.
Joshua Epstein, "The Extended Calculus of G. Spencer Brown and Related
Areas of Logic and Mathematics," (1979).
7.
Hayward R. Alker, Jr., "Logic, Dialectics, Politics: Some Recent Controversies," (1979).
8.
Dwain Mefford, "From Static to Transformational Models of Political Reasoning," (1979).
9.
Dwain Mefford, "The Grammar of Change in Political Beliefs: A Constructive
Critique of Cognitive Modeling," (1979).
Alker,
Jr.,
"Some Dynamics of Ideo-Logical
Thought,"
(1979).
10. Hayward R. Alker, Jr., "From Political Cybernetics to Global Modeling,"
11. Dwain Mefford, "The Language of Crisis and Its Evolving Grammar,"
(1979).
(1979).
12. Hayward R. Alker, Jr. and Roger Hurwitz, "Resolving Prisoner's Dilemmas,"
(1979).
12a.Hayward R. Alker, Jr. and Roger Hurwitz, "Teacher's Manual for Resolving
Prisoner's Dilemmas," with programs by Akihiko Tanaka (1979).
13. Lee Farris, Hayward R. Alker, Jr., Kathleen Carley and Frank L. Sherman,
"Phase/Actor Disaggregated Butterworth-Scranton Codebook," (1979).
The writing and/or reproduction of all of the papers in this series have
been financed in whole or in part by National Science Foundation Grants #7806707
and #GS-2429 to the Center for International Studies, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology. Neither of the aforementioned organizations should be held responsible for any of the views expressed herein.
As project working papers, they are being circulated in order to encourage
comments on work in progress; none should be considered a final statement. Unless they have been published elsewhere as noted, please request permission to
cite from the authors.