USING BIOLOGICALS AND ANIMALS PROCEDURE
AS/NZS 4801
OHSAS 18001
OHS20309
SAI Global
November 2015
CONTENTS
1.
PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................. 3
2.
SCOPE ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
3.
ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... 3
4.
DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................................................ 3
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
5.
SPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................................ 5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
6.
ANIMALS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
BIOLOGICALS .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
BIOLOGICAL WASTES ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
GENE TECHNOLOGY ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM ........................................................................................................................................................... 4
(MATERIAL) SAFETY DATA SHEET ................................................................................................................................................................. 5
ORGANISM ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY (OH&S) ................................................................................................................................................ 5
RESEARCH OFFICE .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
MONASH ANIMAL ETHICS OFFICE ................................................................................................................................................................. 5
HEADS OF ACADEMIC/ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS .......................................................................................................................................... 5
SUPERVISORS .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
BIOSAFETY OFFICERS .................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
STAFF AND STUDENTS.................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
FACILITIES & SAFE WORK PRACTICES FOR WORK WITH BIOLOGICALS ....................................7
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
TYPES OF FACILITIES ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
CONTAINMENT LEVELS UNDER THE AS/NZS 2243.3 .................................................................................................................................. 7
PC1 LABORATORY FACILITIES ...................................................................................................................................................................... 7
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................................................. 7
WORK PRACTICES ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
PC2 LABORATORY ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
FACILITIES ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
CONTAINMENT EQUIPMENT ........................................................................................................................................................................... 8
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
WORK PRACTICES ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
PC3 LABORATORY ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
FACILITIES ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
CONTAINMENT EQUIPMENT ........................................................................................................................................................................... 9
WORK PRACTICES ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
7.
HUMAN CLINICAL SAMPLES ...............................................................................................................10
8.
MICRO-ORGANISMS .............................................................................................................................10
8.1
8.2
9.
RISK GROUPS ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
FACILITIES ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
ANIMALS ................................................................................................................................................10
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
FACILITIES ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
TRANSGENIC OR KNOCKOUT ANIMALS ..................................................................................................................................................... 11
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH .............................................................................................................................................................................. 11
LABORATORY ANIMAL ALLERGY (LAA) ....................................................................................................................................................... 11
ZOONOSIS ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
INFECTIOUS ANIMAL MODELS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 13
10.
HEALTH SURVEILLANCE .....................................................................................................................13
11.
IMMUNISATION ......................................................................................................................................13
12.
IMPORTATION OF BIOLOGICALS .......................................................................................................13
12.1
QUARANTINE REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 1 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
12.2
12.3
12.4
13.
GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS..............................................................................................14
13.1
13.2
14.
WORK/STUDY WITH GMO .............................................................................................................................................................................. 14
FACILITIES ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
(M)SDS ....................................................................................................................................................14
14.1
15.
PURCHASE OF BIOLOGICALS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 13
PERMITS .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
FACILITIES ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL ................................................................................................................................................................................ 14
RISK MANAGEMENT .............................................................................................................................15
15.1
15.2
RISK MANAGEMENT MUST BE COMPLETED .............................................................................................................................................. 15
UPDATE AND REVIEW OF RISK ASSESSMENTS ........................................................................................................................................ 15
16.
SAFE WORK INSTRUCTIONS ...............................................................................................................15
17.
TRAINING ...............................................................................................................................................15
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
18.
WASTE DISPOSAL ................................................................................................................................17
18.1
19.
BIOLOGICAL SAFETY ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
LOCAL TRAINING ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 15
UNIVERSITY LEVEL TRAINING ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16
ANIMAL CARE AND USE ................................................................................................................................................................................ 16
TRAINING RECORDS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
ALL BIOLOGICAL WASTE MUST BE.............................................................................................................................................................. 17
EMERGENCIES INVOLVING BIOLOGICALS AND ANIMALS .............................................................18
19.1
19.2
INCIDENT AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE ................................................................................................................................................... 18
CRISIS MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
20.
RECORDS ...............................................................................................................................................18
21.
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................19
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
LEGISLATION .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
MONASH UNIVERSITY OHS DOCUMENTS .................................................................................................................................................. 19
AUSTRALIAN AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ..................................................................................................................................... 19
OTHER DOCUMENTS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
22.
DOCUMENT HISTORY ...........................................................................................................................21
23.
APPENDIX I - EXAMPLES OF ZOONOTIC DISEASES ........................................................................22
24.
APPENDIX II – RISK GROUP 2 ORGANISMS ......................................................................................23
24.1
24.2
24.3
24.4
25.
EXAMPLES OF BACTERIA ............................................................................................................................................................................. 23
BACTERIA REQUIRING SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 24
EXAMPLES OF PARASITES (INFECTIVE STAGES ONLY) .......................................................................................................................... 24
EXAMPLES OF FUNGI .................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
APPENDIX III – RISK GROUP 3 ORGANISMS .....................................................................................27
25.1
25.2
25.3
BACTERIA ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 27
FUNGI ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
VIRUSES .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 2 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
1.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this document is to instruct staff, students, visitors and contractors who either
use biologicals and/or animals or perform work in areas where biologicals and/or animals are
used at Monash University to ensure that work is performed in accordance with the relevant
legislative requirements.
2.
SCOPE
This document applies to all staff, students, visitors and contractors who either use
biologicals and/or animals or perform work in areas where biologicals and/or animals are
present at an Australian campuses of Monash University.
3.
ABBREVIATIONS
DoA
Department of Agriculture,
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
EPA
Environment Protection Agency
GMO
Genetically modified organism
GT
Gene Technology
IBC
Institutional Biosafety Committee
LAA
Laboratory Animal Allergy
(M)SDS Material Safety Data Sheet
OGTR Office of the Gene Technology Regulator
OHS
Occupational health and safety
OH&S Occupational Health & Safety
4.
PC
Physical Containment
QAP
Quarantine Approved Premises
SDU
Staff Development Unit
SWI
Safe Work Instructions
DEFINITIONS
A comprehensive list of definitions is provided in the Definitions Tool. Definitions specific to
this procedure are as follows.
4.1
ANIMALS
An animal is defined as any multicellular heterotrophic eukaryote belonging to the
Kingdom Animalia (vertebrates and invertebrates).
Under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act the following require Animal Ethics
approval:
•
any live non-human vertebrate (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals)
encompassing domestic animals, purpose-bred animals, livestock, wildlife, as
well as cephalopod invertebrates such as octopus, squid, cuttlefish and
nautilus.
•
any live pre-natal or pre-hatched embryos, foeti and larval forms e.g. a
mammalian or reptilian foetus, pre-hatched avian, mammalian or reptilian
young and live marsupial young developed beyond half the gestation or
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 3 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
incubation period of the relevant species, or they become capable of
independent feeding.
•
4.2
This is not required for insects, millipedes, annelids (worms), gastropods
(slugs and snails) or spiders, shellfish (bivalves, mussels, oyster and scallop);
eggs, spat or spawn of fish.
BIOLOGICALS
For the purpose of this document, the definition of a biological will include, but not
be limited to blood, blood products, tissue, body fluids (e.g. urine, faeces, semen,
vaginal secretions, pericardial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid,
amniotic fluid, saliva, mucus, any fluid with visible blood) and any derivatives
produced by chemical or physical means (e.g. protein, enzyme or blood fractions).
In addition, it is intended to cover micro-organisms (bacteria, viruses, parasites,
fungi, prions) wildtype or mutant and plants and plant material. It is not intended to
include live animals in this definition.
4.3
BIOLOGICAL WASTES
These are covered by Environment Protection Agency (EPA) Regulations and are
legally known as “clinical and related” or prescribed wastes and include:
4.4
•
discarded sharps
•
laboratory and associated wastes directly involved in specimen processing
•
human and animal tissue, including materials or solutions containing or
contaminated with blood or body fluids
•
cytotoxic wastes
•
pharmaceutical wastes and chemical wastes
GENE TECHNOLOGY
For the purpose of this document gene technology is defined as any technique for
the modification of genes or other genetic material, but does not include sexual
reproduction, homologous recombination or any other techniques specified in Part 2,
Division 2 of the Gene Technology Act (2000).
4.5
GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM
For the purpose of this document a genetically modified organism (GMO) is defined
as:
•
an organism that has been modified by gene technology;
•
an organism that has inherited traits from an organism (the initial organism),
being traits that occurred in the initial organism because of gene technology;
or
•
anything declared by the Gene Technology Regulations to be a genetically
modified organism, or that belongs to a class of things declared by the
Regulations to be genetically modified organisms.
But does not include:
•
a human being, if the human being is covered by paragraph (a) only because
the human being has undergone somatic cell gene therapy; or
•
an organism declared by the Regulations not to be a genetically modified
organism, or that belongs to a class of organism declared by the Regulations
not to be genetically modified organisms.
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 4 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
4.6
(MATERIAL) SAFETY DATA SHEET
A material safety data sheet is a document prepared by the manufacturer or importer
of a biological which describes uses, chemical and physical properties, health
hazard information, precautions for use, safe handling and emergency information.
4.7
ORGANISM
For the purpose of this document an organism is defined as a biological entity that in
at least some form is capable of response to stimuli, reproduction or transfer of genetic
material, growth and development, and maintenance of homeostasis.
5.
SPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITIES
A comprehensive list of OHS responsibilities is provided in the document OHS Roles,
Committees and Responsibilities Procedure. A summary of responsibilities with respect to this
procedure is provided below.
5.1
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY (OH&S)
The responsibilities of OH&S include:
5.2
•
development, maintenance, review and audit of the university's policies,
•
advising on appropriate immunisation;
•
procedures and systems related to biological safety management;
providing information,
management.
instruction
and
training
on
biological
safety
RESEARCH OFFICE
The responsibilities of the Research Office include:
5.3
•
administering all matters relating to the Gene Technology Act 2000 (including
the Gene Technology Regulations 2001) and Quarantine Act 1908 and
theirdischarge.
•
providing information, instruction and training on work involving GMOs or
biologicals subject to quarantine requirements.
MONASH ANIMAL ETHICS OFFICE
The responsibilities of the Monash Animal Ethics Office include:
5.4
•
administering all ethical matters relating to the use of animals for research
purposes.
•
providing information and instruction on regulatory issues, animal care and the
Animal Ethics approval process.
HEADS OF ACADEMIC/ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS
It is the responsibility of the head of academic/administrative unit or controlled entity
to ensure that procedures and systems are in place in their unit or entity to manage
biological and/or animals effectively to ensure:
5.5
•
a healthy and safe environment for staff, students, visitors and contractors;
•
that local standards and practices comply with legislative requirements and
university policy;
•
that staff and students undertake recommended training in the use of
biologicals and/or animals.
SUPERVISORS
It is the responsibility of supervisors to ensure that procedures and systems are in
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 5 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
place in the areas of their responsibility to manage biological and/or animals effectively
to ensure:
5.6
5.7
•
a healthy and safe environment for staff, students, visitors and contractors;
•
that local standards and practices comply with legislative requirements and
university policy;
•
that staff and students undertake recommended training in the use of
biological and/or animals.
BIOSAFETY OFFICERS
•
It is the responsibility of the Biosafety Officer to:
•
advise, inform and instruct staff and students on the local use, storage,
transport and disposal of biological substances, including appropriate
equipment, facilities and work practices to prevent exposure to any harmful
biological material and ensure appropriate containment ;
•
assist in local induction of new staff and students with regards to biosafety,
OGTR and quarantine matters;
•
monitor the need and advise staff and students of availability and procedures
for immunisation against potential biohazards;
•
serve as a local source of expertise to the unit/entity regarding biosafety,
OGTR and quarantine requirements including licensing, certification of
facilities and classification of activities under the relevant legislation and
standards;
•
monitor local area compliance with biosafety, OGTR and quarantine
requirements with regard to the use and disposal of hazardous biological
materials and recombinant DNA molecules;
•
liaise with the university’s Research Compliance Officer, OH&S, local OHS
committee, head of unit or controlled entity and local health & safety
representative in matters relating to biosafety, OGTR and quarantine ;
•
review biosafety aspects of research projects and teaching activities and
provide advice/assistance on document preparation, e.g. risk assessments,
OGTR applications;
•
develop and implement emergency response procedures for incidents
involving biohazardous agents and materials;
•
participate in workplace inspections of research and teaching facilities for
compliance with regulations and guidelines pertaining to the use, handling,
and disposal of potential biohazards and recombinant DNA;
•
respond to and investigate all biosafety incidents occurring within the
department, and develop corrective action plans;
•
report any breach of compliance to the Research Compliance Officer (who
will in turn notify the Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC)) and OH&S;
STAFF AND STUDENTS
Staff using biological and/or animals must comply with OHS instructions, policies
and procedures using control measures and/or personal protective equipment to
ensure their own health and safety as well as the health and safety of others.
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 6 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
6.
FACILITIES & SAFE WORK PRACTICES FOR WORK WITH BIOLOGICALS
6.1
6.2
TYPES OF FACILITIES
6.1.1
Facilities for the use of biologicals are defined by the Gene Technology
Act, Australian Quarantine Act and Australian standards for laboratory
design and construction (AS/NZS 2982) and Safety in the laboratory
(AS/NZS 2243.3).
6.1.2
Facilities certified by the OGTR for research involving recombinant DNA
technology are signed with OGTR stickers denoting the containment level.
Facilities certified by Department of Agriculture (DoA) for research with
imported materials are signed with Quarantine Approved Premises stickers.
PC1 – PC4 facilities as defined by AS/NZS 2243.3 are not signed.
CONTAINMENT LEVELS UNDER THE AS/NZS 2243.3
AS/NZS 2243.3 defines levels of Physical Containment (PC) for working with
biologicals. At Monash University we have facilities that are classified into three
such physical containment levels; PC1, PC2 and PC3. PC1 is the minimal level and
describes most general laboratory areas including most teaching laboratories,
whereas PC3 is the highest level at Monash and is required for work involving
infectious pathogens.
6.3
6.4
PC1 LABORATORY FACILITIES
•
Emergency drench showers and eyewash stations shall be available at a
distance of no more than 15 metres or within approximately 10 seconds travel
time from any position in the laboratory. Where these facilities are not
available alternate arrangements should be made in consultation with the
OHS consultant/advisor for the area.
•
Bench tops shall be able to withstand heat generated by general laboratory
procedures.
•
Chairs/stools shall be ergonomically suitable for the tasks and adjustable to
work with the heights of benches and other equipment. The material shall be
smooth and impervious to water to facilitate cleaning.
•
Wash basins with hot and cold water shall be provided inside each laboratory
near the exit.
•
Open spaces between and under benches, cabinets and equipment shall be
accessible for cleaning.
•
Write up areas must be separated from work/study areas to minimise the
chance of reading and writing materials being contaminated or damaged.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT
•
Laboratory staff shall wear protective clothing when performing procedures in
the laboratory. The use of long sleeved cotton or polyester wrap around
gowns or laboratory coats is recommended.
•
Protective eyewear shall be worn by staff when working in the laboratory.
Some procedures may require full face protection which will be assessed
when performing risk assessments of the procedure.
•
Closed footwear shall be worn by staff when entering the laboratory.
•
The above three items are the minimum personal protective equipment
requirements for a laboratory unless lesser requirements can be justified by a
risk assessment. Contact your OHS consultant/advisor for assistance in
assessing such risk.
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 7 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
6.5
6.6
WORK PRACTICES
•
Eating, drinking, shaving and the application of cosmetics is prohibited in
laboratories.
•
Food and drink for consumption must not be stored in laboratories or
laboratory refrigerators or freezers.
•
Long hair shall be tied back.
•
All hazardous work must be identified, assessed for their risk and controls
implemented where necessary.
PC2 LABORATORY
The conditions for PC2 laboratories listed below are in conjunction with those for
PC1 laboratories.
6.7
6.8
6.9
FACILITIES
•
The ceilings, walls and floors shall be smooth, easy to clean and impermeable
to liquids, and resistant to commonly used reagents and disinfectants.
•
Hand wash basins shall be fitted with hands-free operation type mixers or
suitable alternatives discussed with your OHS consultant/advisor.
•
A pressure steam sterilizer shall be available where steam sterilizing of
infectious waste is required onsite.
•
Suitable coat hooks shall be provided near the entry/exit of the laboratory and
lab coats shall be laundered regularly.
•
A supply of clearly labelled disinfectants for decontamination purpose shall be
available.
CONTAINMENT EQUIPMENT
•
Biological safety cabinets shall be used when working with specimens
containing micro-organisms transmissible by the respiratory route or when
work produces a significant risk from aerosol production.
•
Centrifuges that are used for human samples or infectious micro-organisms
shall be fitted with either a sealed rotor or safety buckets. Samples should
also be placed in sealable tubes.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
•
6.10
Suitable gloves shall be worn when handling human blood, body fluids or
tissue, or micro-organisms or when working in biological safety cabinets.
WORK PRACTICES
•
Access to PC2 laboratories shall be restricted to appropriately trained staff
and students.
•
Staff and students shall receive instruction and training appropriate to the
specimens handled.
•
Staff and students should attend Biosafety training (see Section 17).
•
Particular care should be taken when handling and disposing of any sharps to
avoid accidental self- inoculation.
•
All clinical samples shall be treated as infectious.
•
All visitors to the laboratory including Facilities & Services staff must be
inducted appropriately and shall be made aware of any specific hazards in the
area.
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 8 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
6.11
•
Any procedure which may produce aerosols of potentially infectious material
shall be performed in a biological safety cabinet.
•
A container of viable micro-organisms shall be transported between facilities
or to steam sterilizers in a sealed secondary unbreakable container which can
be readily decontaminated.
•
All potentially contaminated equipment shall be either steam sterilized or
chemically disinfected after use.
•
Separate report writing and long-term write up areas shall be provided outside
the laboratory.
PC3 LABORATORY
The conditions for PC3 laboratories listed below are in conjunction with those for
PC1 and PC2 laboratories.
6.12
6.13
6.14
FACILITIES
•
The laboratory must be separated from all other areas and shall not be
accessible by the general public.
•
Entry to the laboratory shall only be through a double door airlock system.
Doors shall be self-closing, open outwards with the outer door being lockable.
Both doors shall be fitted with seals to limit air leakage. Doors shall contain
glass viewing panels so that observation of the laboratory occupants may be
possible.
•
All equipment used in a PC3 laboratory shall be decontaminated prior to
maintenance, service or removal.
•
An emergency two-way communication system, or an alarm system, shall be
provided in addition to the telephone.
•
A pressure steam sterilizer for decontamination of laboratory wastes shall be
available and located within the laboratory.
•
Liquid effluents shall be discharged in a manner appropriate to the type of
waste and as determined by the Risk assessment and in compliance with
trade waste agreements.
•
Laboratory ventilation shall be set up to ensure a graduated negative
pressure with the directional airflow moving inwards to the laboratory working
area. The air handling shall be set up by specialist air handling engineers.
CONTAINMENT EQUIPMENT
•
Where a central reticulated vacuum system or portable pumps are used, a 0.2
•
µm hydrophobic membrane-type filter, and liquid disinfectant trap shall be
installed at the point of use.
•
Where required, a class III biological safety cabinet shall be made available.
WORK PRACTICES
•
Staff and students shall be trained in handling the specific pathogens used in
the laboratory.
•
Laboratory door/s must be locked when unoccupied.
•
All work with risk group 3 organisms shall be conducted in a biological safety
cabinet.
•
No one shall enter the laboratory for cleaning, servicing of equipment, repairs
or other activities before relevant potentially contaminated laboratory surfaces
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 9 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
have been disinfected and authorisation has been obtained from the safety or
biosafety officer.
7.
8.
•
Protective clothing shall not be worn outside of the laboratory and must be
sterilised before laundering.
•
Outer clothing and personal effects shall not be taken into the laboratory.
•
An emergency evacuation plan shall be devised and made available to all
staff and students working in the facility, OH&S and Monash Security staff.
HUMAN CLINICAL SAMPLES
•
Human clinical samples are to be treated as potentially infectious unless
categorically known to be otherwise. For that reason all clinical samples are to be
used in facilities that meet pc2 facility and procedural requirements as described in
section 6. However, if organisms from a higher risk group are isolated or suspected to
be found in a clinical sample then the sample should be treated as per that risk
group and used in a higher containment facility.
•
Procedures that will create significant aerosols must be performed in biological
safety cabinets.
MICRO-ORGANISMS
8.1
RISK GROUPS
Micro-organisms are divided into risk groups 1 (lowest risk) – 4 (highest risk) based
on their risk to health and safety.
8.2
•
A list of risk group 2 and 3 organisms can be found in Appendix II and III.
•
The risk group classification has been established to match the physical
containment level of the facility where the work is to be conducted, eg risk
group 2 organisms must be handled in a PC2 facility.
FACILITIES
Facilities where work with micro-organisms is to be performed must meet the building
requirements and procedural requirements for the physical containment level
(Section 6) corresponding to the appropriate physical containment level of that microorganism.
9.
ANIMALS
The use of animals at Monash University must comply with all relevant Victorian and federal
government legislation.
For all ethical matters relating to the use of animals for research, contact the Monash Animal
Ethics Office.
9.1
FACILITIES
Facilities for the housing and care of laboratory animals are defined in the Victorian
Code of Practice for Housing and Care of Laboratory Mice, Rats, Guinea Pigs and
Rabbits and the Australian Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for
Scientific Purposes and must meet the minimum standards as set out in the Prevention
of Cruelty to Animals Act. All further queries should be referred to the Monash Animal
Ethics Office.
•
Animals can be held in a variety of containment facilities that are designed to
ensure that the animals, and the micro-organisms that may be being used in
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 10 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
conjunction with the animals, do not escape from containment.
•
9.2
Whilst the general design is similar to that of laboratories (see section 6), one
key consideration is that of primary containment to prevent crosscontamination and exposure of personnel to allergens and micro-organisms.
Further details are outlined in AS/NZ 2243.3, section 6.
TRANSGENIC OR KNOCKOUT ANIMALS
The use of transgenic or knock out animals must meet the requirements of the
OGTR as must the facilities where they are housed. General information regarding
the use of GM animals and appropriate approval can be obtained from the OGTR
website or by contacting the Research Office.
9.3
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
It is important to be aware of the potential hazards and health risks associated with
working with laboratory animals and to be aware of the precautions needed to prevent
or adequately control exposure. The OHS Health team can be contacted f o r advice
on any aspects of the health issues associated with working with animals.
9.4
LABORATORY ANIMAL ALLERGY (LAA)
LAA is an allergic hypersensitivity response which may develop as a result of
exposure to animal allergens. The proteins most commonly associated with allergic
reactions are found in animal urine, saliva and dander.
•
Anyone who has regular contact with laboratory animals and/or associated
materials, e.g. animal litter has the potential to develop allergies to the animals
they are working with.
•
Early symptoms of LAA may include nasal congestion and sneezing, dry and
sore throat, watering and itchy eyes, rashes and itchy skin, as well as cough
with asthma-like symptoms.
•
Continued exposure, may increase the severity of symptoms and infrequently
sensitisation may occur. This can pose a significant health risk and early
contact with the OHS Health team is required.
Although those workers who have a personal history of allergy to common
environmental allergens (atopy) and exposure to animals are at increased risk,
individuals with no prior history of allergies and only brief work exposures can also
develop LAA. Most workers will do so within three years of working with animals.
The best approach for reducing the likelihood of developing an allergic reaction is to
eliminate or minimise exposure to the proteins found in animal urine, saliva, and
dander. A comprehensive risk assessment and implementation of appropriate
control measures should be undertaken prior to working with animals.
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 11 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
The
follo
Low
Task
Controls
Working with post mortem or with
tissues
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (lab coat,
gloves, respiratory protection)1
Work on unconscious animals
Adhere to safe work instructions
Procedures involving few animals
Assessment by Occupational Physician (case by case)
Automated cage cleaning
Medium
Cleaning within animal unit
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (lab coat,
gloves, respiratory protection)1
Indirect contact in animal room
Assessment by Occupational Physician (case by case)
Feeding Animals
Participate in Health Surveillance program, e.g. lung function test
Adhere to safe work instructions
Reduce airborne allergens when cleaning cages, i.e. wet
cleaning
Use low dust bedding materials
High
Injections and other invasive
procedures
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (lab coat,
gloves, respiratory protection)1
Shaving
Assessment by Occupational Physician (case by case)
Fur
Participate in Health Surveillance program, e.g. lung function test
Handling animals
Adhere to safe work instructions
Box changing
Reduce airborne allergens when cleaning cages, i.e. wet
cleaning
Disposal of soiled litter
Use low dust bedding materials
Changing filters of local exhaust
ventilation or room ventilation
Ensure adequate ventilation, e.g. local exhaust ventilation or
work within a Class II Biosafety cabinet for specific procedures
Washing cages.
Reduce the frequency and time spent with animals in high
density rooms
1
Although engineering controls can be useful in reducing exposure to animal allergens,
airborne levels generated on direct contact to animals and bedding materials can still be
significant. Respiratory protection of various types may be necessary to reduce exposure
and must be fitted correctly. Advice on suitable and effective respiratory protection should
be sought from OH&S.
9.5
ZOONOSIS
All staff and students working with animals may be exposed to micro- organisms
carried by the animals which may also be able to infect humans under the right
conditions. These micro-organisms will be categorised into one of the risk groups as
outlined in section 8.1.
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 12 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
•
The passage of the micro-organisms may occur via scratches, bites, urine,
faeces or through aerosols generated by further manipulation of tissue
harvested from animals.
•
Information on zoonotic disease associated with animals commonly used at
Monash University is found in Appendix I.
•
The appropriate animal husbandry skills in conjunction with using appropriate
personal protective equipment will reduce the risk of cross infection. In
addition, adopting standard PC2 precautions and restricting processes likely
to create aerosols to biosafety cabinets will also reduce the risk of zoonotic
infection.
Further information and advice on zoonoses can be obtained from the OHS Health
team.
9.6
INFECTIOUS ANIMAL MODELS
The considerations outlined in section 9.3.2 also apply to research that involves the
use of infectious animal models, where animals have been injected with infectious
pathogens. Appropriate risk control measures must be in place prior to
commencement and the OHS Health team can be contacted for advice.
10. HEALTH SURVEILLANCE
Those staff and students working with animals or other biological agents may be subject to
health surveillance which consists of the systematic monitoring of those “at risk” for any
adverse effects of work on their health as it relates to their duties. It is delivered through
medical assessment and biological monitoring (e.g. lung function testing). Staff working with
animals may be subject to a pre-placement assessment to determine individual risk factors
and baseline measurements.
Further details of the Monash University Health surveillance program are outlined in the
document ‘Health surveillance at Monash University', which is available at the OH&S
website.
11. IMMUNISATION
As part of their work or study, Monash University staff and students may be at risk of
exposure to infectious diseases including those which are vaccine preventable. Staff and
students should be offered such vaccines where the risk assessments demonstrate a need.
The immunisation grid is available at the OH&S website and should be used to determine
immunisation requirements. For further assistance contact the OHS Health team.
12. IMPORTATION OF BIOLOGICALS
12.1
QUARANTINE REQUIREMENTS
All biological material brought into Australia directly by Monash staff is subject to
quarantine requirements as set out in the Quarantine Act (1908) and Regulations.
General information regarding the importation of biologicals is provided on the
Department of Agriculturewebsite by following the Quarantine and Export service link
or by contacting the Research office.
12.2
PURCHASE OF BIOLOGICALS
•
Before purchasing new biologicals, check with the Research Compliance
officer regarding:Requirements for licenses, permits or notification to use the
biologicals;
•
the physical containment (PC) requirements or Quarantine Approved Premise
(QAP) classification for use and storage of the biological;
Before purchasing new biologicals, check with your biosafety officer regarding:
•
the availability of appropriate handling conditions for the biological, e.g.
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 13 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
biological safety cabinets;
12.3
•
the availability of appropriate emergency facilities and procedures required for
the biological;
•
the appropriate waste disposal procedures required for the biological.
PERMITS
Before importing ANY biologicals from overseas Monash staff must obtain the
appropriate importation permit through the Research Office. Staff should not apply
for permits directly via DoA.
12.4
FACILITIES
In certain circumstances DoA may require that all work to be conducted with
specific imported biologicals must be performed within a QAP facility. Such facilities
must be of a physical containment level specified by DoA and inspected and certified
prior to the importation of biologicals.
13. GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
13.1
13.2
WORK/STUDY WITH GMO
13.1.1
All work/study utilising recombinant DNA technology is controlled through
the Office of the Gene Technology Regulator. All Monash matters
concerning gene technology are handled by the Research Office. More
information can be obtained at
http://www.monash.edu.au/researchoffice/biosafety/
13.1.2
General information regarding the use of GMOs and appropriate approval
can be obtained from the OGTR website (http://www.ogtr.gov.au) or by
contacting the Research Office.
FACILITIES
13.2.1
13.2.2
Facilities to be used for GMO work must comply with the requirements set
out by the OGTR.
•
Facilities must be of the appropriate physical containment level
matching the type of GMO dealing being conducted.
•
PC1, PC2 and PC3 facilities must meet the OGTR's guidelines for
such facilities and be certified.
•
PC2 and PC3 facilities must be inspected annually by a person deemed
competent by the Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) and PC3
facilities are also inspected routinely by the OGTR.
No GMO work can commence until the appropriate approval has been
sought and the facility where the work is to be conducted has been certified
by the OGTR.
14. (M)SDS
When purchasing biologicals, verify that the MSDS for the biological is already present in the
university ChemWatch MSDS database, or as a hardcopy in the work area. If the MSDS is
not already held, it must be requested from the supplier, manufacturer or importer.
For purchases completed via SAP, a statement is already included in the order terms
and conditions, which states:
14.1
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL
Additional terms and conditions and material safety data sheets will be supplied
for hazardous materials where this order specifies such hazardous materials.
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 14 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
A copy of all MSDS not currently held in the university ChemWatch MSDS database
must be forwarded to ChemWatch to be included.
15. RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk management must be completed on all processes/procedures/activities that involve
biologicals and/or animals in accordance with the OHS Risk Management at Monash
University procedure.
15.1
RISK MANAGEMENT MUST BE COMPLETED
Before activities using biologicals and/or animals commence;
15.2
•
before the introduction of new procedures, processes or equipment that use
biologicals and/or animals;
•
when procedures or processes or equipment that use biologicals and/or
animals are modified;
•
using the Monash Risk control program
•
by Facilities & Services staff before entering laboratory areas using the Safe
Work Method Statement (SWMS) tool and in consultation with the local
biosafety officer.
UPDATE AND REVIEW OF RISK ASSESSMENTS
15.2.1
Risk assessments must be reviewed:
•
each time changes are made to the task, procedure; or equipment; or
•
at least every 3 years;
15.2.2
following an incident that involved the use of biologicals and/or animals.
15.2.3
Units/entities that undertake research using biologicals may need to update
their risk assessments frequently, even daily, to ensure that their biological
risk assessments are up to date.
16. SAFE WORK INSTRUCTIONS
•
Following the completion of risk assessments, safe work instructions must be
developed and can be incorporated into laboratory procedures or safety manuals.
Safe work instructions should include training, appropriate personal protective
equipment, the need for immunisation and first aid and emergency procedures.
•
OH&S has developed Guidelines for the development of safe work instructions, to
provide guidance and a template for use by areas which are available at the OH&S
website.
17. TRAINING
The training needs of staff and students should be determined using the OHS training at
Monash University document and meet the requirements of OHS Induction & training at
Monash University.
17.1
BIOLOGICAL SAFETY
Training in the use of biologicals must be provided at a range of levels, including
local and at university level.
17.2
LOCAL TRAINING
Supervisors must ensure that induction and training in the use of biologicals is
provided to staff and students under their supervision. This may be provided by
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 15 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
local safety personnel or experts with specific knowledge of the biologicals used in
the area and must include:
17.3
17.4
•
identification of biological hazards in the area and the nature of the hazard
including exposure routes.
•
the location of risk assessments and safe work instructions for the biologicals
held and used in the area;
•
the use and location of personal protective and emergency equipment for the
use with biologicals;
•
local procedures, processes or equipment that use biologicals especially
those resulting in the generation of aerosols.
•
immunisation requirements for working with biologicals.
•
biological waste handling, storage and disposal procedures
UNIVERSITY LEVEL TRAINING
•
The Staff Development Unit (SDU) coordinates training courses on biological
safety for staff and for Postgraduate and Honours students across all
campuses and centres.
•
Information regarding the content and scheduling of training courses
offered at Monash University is provided:
•
at the Staff Development Unit web site; and
•
in the OHS training at Monash University document.
ANIMAL CARE AND USE
The Information Session on “Regulatory Issues, Animal Care and Use in Research
and Teaching at Monash University” is a prerequisite for Animal Ethics approval for
Honours and Postgraduate students and inexperienced staff. Information about the
course is available at the Monash Animal Ethics Office web site
The following practical training courses in Animal Handling are run for Monash staff
and students by Monash Animal Research Platform (MARP):
•
Mouse or Rat - Administration of Substances and Blood Collection
•
Rodent Anaesthesia
•
Surgical Techniques in Rodents
Course information and dates are available from the MARP website
Training in other species is available on request by contacting the MARP Training
Manager.
17.5
TRAINING RECORDS
In order for units/centres and supervisors to demonstrate effectively that they have
provided local training for the staff and students that they supervise; local training
records must be kept and this should:
•
include training in specific procedures
•
be maintained in a folder in each area where training is provided
The student or staff member being trained should be able to demonstrate competence
in the task/s before a record is completed.
OH&S has a developed a proforma to use to record attendance at OHS training
in each unit/entity, which is available at the OH&S web site.
A short description of the points covered in the training should also be
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 16 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
documented for all biological training provided in the unit/entity. The description will
act as both a reminder regarding the areas that should be covered in the training
and as a record of the areas covered in the training.
18. WASTE DISPOSAL
Correct biological waste management involves a structured program to ensure that any
wastes generated are correctly identified in terms of their potential hazard to the environment
and to any staff or students handling them.
18.1
ALL BIOLOGICAL WASTE MUST BE
18.1.1
handled by staff with knowledge and access to appropriate personal
protective equipment;
18.1.2
segregated according to the particular hazards, treatment methods and
recycling or re-use opportunities associated with the waste type, as
outlined in the Biohazard Waste poster;
18.1.3
packaged to ensure that:
18.1.4
the waste materials cannot escape the container at any time;
18.1.5
containers used conform to the colour coding and marking system
specified by Australian standards and outlined in Biohazardous waste
collection and storage
18.1.6
are fit for transport; and
18.1.7
will not pose risks to personnel handling the wastes such as cleaning staff
and waste disposal contractors
18.1.8
clearly labelled identifying:
18.1.9
the type of waste material;
18.1.10 the major contaminant or risk associated with the waste;
18.1.11 the academic/administrativeunit who generated the waste and their contact
details, e.g. phone number;
18.1.12 date of generation;
18.1.13 In areas where Clinismart 64 bins are used:
18.1.14 the bins can be used without a bin-liner/bag in non-OGTR/QAP facilities.
Proper segregation between sharps and non-sharps waste is still required.
18.1.15 only the G64 bins can be used for OGTR and/or QAP certified facilities and
these must be used with a bin liner/bag, in accordance with the Guidelines
for the Transport, Storage and Disposal of GMOs version 1.1(2011) for
double-containing waste. The bin liner/bag must be tied off by a laboratory
staff member and the lid locked into position prior to collection by the waste
contractor
18.1.16 stored in a secure site/area specifically designated for the waste type and
for the unit/entity generating the waste, refrigerated , if required. The waste
store must be in compliance with EPA bunding guidelines to ensure spills
will not cause pollution or pose an environmental hazard.
18.1.17 disposed of by a licensed EPA -prescribed waste contractor, however
where appropriate waste may be autoclaved and disposed of to landfill in
accordance with the Guidelines for the Transport, Storage and Disposal of
GMOs version 1.1(2011), Sections 3.1.6 - 3.1.9 and AS/NZS 2243.3:2010,
Section 10.6.
18.1.18 transported in such a manner to ensure that the health of staff, students,
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 17 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
visitors to the university, and/or the environment is not compromised and in
accordance with Victorian EPA requirements and the Australian Dangerous
Goods Code for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road and Rail .
18.1.19 There are specific procedures for the disposal of syringes, needles and
syringe barrels. These are available in the document Syringes, Needles and
Syringe Barrels – use & disposal, which is available at the OH&S website.
18.1.20 In any instance where the waste type is unclear or biological waste is
contaminated with radiation, OH&S must be contacted for advice.
19. EMERGENCIES INVOLVING BIOLOGICALS AND ANIMALS
19.1
19.2
INCIDENT AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
•
Emergency procedures for a biohazard spill are contained in the Monash
‘333’ emergency procedures booklet located near every telephone on all
campuses. For off-campus locations, local emergency procedures must be
followed.
•
Report all incidents to your supervisor, biosafety officer and safety officer
using the Procedures for hazard and incident reporting, investigation and
recording.
•
Incidents involving GMOs (including unintentional release into the
environment) should also be immediately reported to the Research
Compliance Officer (who will in turn notify the Institutional Biosafety Committee
(IBC)).
CRISIS MANAGEMENT
•
Monash University has invested considerable resources on planning crisis
management and recovery. This planning includes consideration regarding
crises involving biologicals.
•
Further details and the crisis management plan are located at the Crisis
Management and Recovery web site http://www.adm.monash.edu.au/cmr/
20. RECORDS
Record to be kept by
Academic/administrative
unit
Records
Risk assessments
To be kept for:
3 years
OHS training records of local
training provided by unit, including:
• Attendees;
• Short description of training content
Research Office
EPA waste disposal
certificates
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
transport
7 years, or for as long
as the staff member is
employed
7 years
PC2 training records
7 years or for as long as
the staff member is
employed
OGTR dealings
5 years from when they
become inactive
PC2/PC3 lab inspection reports
For the duration of
validity of certificates
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 18 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
IBC minutes
OHS training records, including:
• Attendees
• Short description of
training content
SDU
OHS health team
(confidential files)
Indefinitely
7 years, or for as long
as the staff member is
employed
Course evaluation sheets
2 years
Health surveillance results
50 years
Immunisation histories
50 years
21. REFERENCES
21.1
LEGISLATION
Australian Dangerous Goods Code 7th edition
Environment Protection Act 1970
Environment Protection (Industrial Waste Resource) Regulations 2009 (Vic)
Quarantine Act 1908
Quarantine Regulations 2000
Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004 (Vic)
Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2007 (Vic)
Gene Technology Act 2000
Gene Technology Regulations 2001
Guidelines for the Transport, Storage and Disposal of GMOs version 1.1, 2011
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1986 (Vic)
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Regulations 2008 (Vic)
21.2
MONASH UNIVERSITY OHS DOCUMENTS
Guidelines for the development of safe work instructions
Health surveillance procedure
Immunisation procedure
OHS Information Sheet – Syringes, needles & syringe barrels – use & disposal
at Monash University
Job Safety Analysis
OHS risk management procedure
Risk Control Program
OHS induction and training at Monash University
OH&S training course guide
21.3
AUSTRALIAN AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
OHSAS 18001:2007 Occupational Health & Safety Management Systems –
Requirements
AS/NZS 2982:1997 Laboratory design and construction
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 19 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
AS/NZS 2243.3:2010 Safety in laboratories Part 3: Microbiological aspects and
containment facilities
AS/NZS 3816:1998 Management of clinical and related wastes
AS/NZS 4031:1992 Non-reusable containers for the collection of sharp medical items
used in health care areas
AS/NZS 1319:1994 Safety signs for the occupational environment
21.4
OTHER DOCUMENTS
Guidance notes for the transport of Class 6.2 (infectious substances) dangerous
goods (1997)
Guidelines for the Transport, Storage and Disposal of GMOs, Version 1.1 (2011)
Industry Code of Practice for the management of clinical and related wastes, 6th
edition (2010)
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 20 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
22. DOCUMENT HISTORY
Version
number
3
3.1
4
Date of Issue
Changes made to document
November 2012
Using Biologicals and Animals at Monash University Procedure,
v.3
Updated hyperlinks throughout to new OH&S website.
1. Updated Abbreviation for Department of Agriculture
2. Changed DAFF Biosecurity to Department of Agriculture
(DoA) throughout the document
3. Updated Definitions section to only include those that are
specific to this procedure. Provided link to Definitions tool.
4. Updated Specific Responsibilities section to include only
those specific to this procedure. Provided link to “OHS Roles,
Committees and Responsibilities procedure”.
5. Updated definition for Gene Technology (4.4) to reference
Gene Technology Act (2000.
6. Updated references to legislation in Section 5.2.
7. Updated Sections 5.6 and 19.1 o reflect that Biosafety
officers should report any breach of compliance to the
Research Compliance Officer, who will in turn notify the
Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC).
8. Updated section 12 to clarify the roles of the Research
Compliance Officer and local Biosafety officer regarding the
purchase of biologicals.
9. Added requirements for the use of Clinismart bins in Section
18 – Waste disposal.
10. Updated records sections to reflect which records are
retained by the Monash Research Office.
July 2015
November 2015
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 21 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
23. APPENDIX I - EXAMPLES OF ZOONOTIC DISEASES
Host
Disease in Humans
Mode of transmission
Sheep
Brucellosis
Direct contact with infected
semen, foetuses, foetal
membranes and vaginal
secretions
Sheep
Q-fever
Inhalation, direct contact with
amniotic fluid or placenta
Sheep
Non-human primates
Campylobacteriosis
Ingestion
Sheep
Non-human primates
Tuberculosis
Inhalation, direct contact,
ingestion
Macaques
Cercopithecine (B virus)
encephalitis
Direct contact, bite wounds
Rodents, Farm and wild
animals
Leptospirosis
Weil’s disease
Direct contact, urine,
contaminated soil and water
Rodents
Rabbits
Sheep
Farm animals
Farm animals
Rodents
Amphibians
Ringworm/Tapeworm
Direct contact, soil may be a
reservoir
Salmonellosis
Ingestion, Inhalation
Direct contact
Farm animals
Rodents
Amphibians
Giardia/Parasitic infections
Ingestion
Direct contact
Zebrafish
Amphibians
Aquarium water
Bacterial/Protozoal infections
Direct contact
Ingestion
Bats
Australian Bat Lyssavirus
Bites/scratches
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 22 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
24. APPENDIX II – RISK GROUP 2 ORGANISMS
24.1
EXAMPLES OF BACTERIA
Abiotrophia spp.
Acidovorax spp.
Acinetobacter spp.
Actinobacillus spp.
Actinomyces pyogenes
Aeromonas hydrophila
Afipia spp.
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
Bacillus cereus
Bartonella henselae, B. quintana, B. vinsonii, B. elizabethiae, B. weisii
Bordetella pertussis
Brucella ovis
Burkholderia spp. (except B. mallei and B. pseudomallei)†
Campylobacter coli, C. fetus, C. jejuni
Capnocytophaga canimorsus
Chlamydia spp. (except avian strains of C. psittaci)
Clostridium spp. (except those known to be nonpathogenic)†
Corynebacterium diphtheriae†, C. renale, C. pseudotuberculosis
Dermatophilus congolensis
Edwardsiella tarda
Eikenella corrodens
Enterococcus spp. (Vancomycin-resistant strains)
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Pathogenic Escherichia coli (except Verocytotoxin-producing (VTEC) strains† and genetically crippled strains‡)
Fusobacterium spp.
Gardnerella vaginalis
Gordona spp.
Haemophilus influenzae, H. ducreyi
Helicobacter pylori
Kingella kingae
Klebsiella spp.
Legionella spp.
Listeria spp.†
Moraxella spp.
Mycobacterium spp.†
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M. fermentans
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis†
Nocardia spp.
Oligella spp.
Pasteurella spp.
Rhodococcus equi
Salmonella serovars†
Shigella spp.†
Sphaerophorus necrophorus
Staphylococcus aureus
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Streptobacillus moniliformis
Streptococcus pyogenes, S. pneumoniae
Ureaplasma ureolyticum
Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus
Yersinia spp. (except Y. pestis)
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 23 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
24.2
BACTERIA REQUIRING SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
Borrelia (mammalian) spp.
Burkholderia pseudomallei
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium tetani
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Coxiella burnetii (smears and serology from samples) Escherichia
coli Vero cytotoxin-producing strains, e.g. 0157, 0111 Leptospira
interrogans (all serovars)
Listeria monocytogenes
Mycobacterium spp. other than M. tuberculosis complex
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (except
multi-drug resistant strains)
Neisseria meningitidis (except for Serogroup B)
Neisseria meningitidis (Serogroup B)
Salmonella Typhi
Shigella dysenteriae Type 1
Treponema pallidum
Treponema pertenue
24.3
EXAMPLES OF PARASITES (INFECTIVE STAGES ONLY)
Ancylostoma duodenale
Ascaris lumbricoides
Babesia divergens
Babesia micro-organismsti
Brugia spp.
Cryptosporidium spp.
Echinococcus spp.
Entamoeba histolytica
Giardia duodenalis (also known as Giardia lamblia and Giardia intestinalis)
Hymenolepis diminuta
Hymenolepis nana (human origin)
Leishmania (mammalian) spp.
Loa loa
Naegleria fowleri
Necator americanus
Opisthorchis spp. (including Clonorchis sinensis)
Plasmodium (human and simian)
Strongyloides stercoralis
Taenia saginata
Taenia solium
Toxocara canis
Toxoplasma gondii
Trichinella spiralis
Trypanosoma brucei subspp.
Trypanosoma cruzi
Wuchereria bancrofti
24.4
EXAMPLES OF FUNGI
Aspergillus fumigatus and A. flavus
Candida albicans
Cryptococcus neoformans
Epidermophyton floccosum
Micro-organismssporum spp.
Sporothrix schenckii
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 24 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
24.5
EXAMPLES OF VIRUSES AND PRIONS
Adenoviridae
Adenovirus
Arenaviridae
Arenavirus
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) non-neurotropic strains Tacaribe virus complex
Caliciviridae
Feline calicivirus Norwalk-like Sapporo-like
Largovirus
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease
Coronaviridae
Coronavirus
Flaviviridae
Flavivirus
Dengue 1, 2, 3 and 4
Japanese encephalitis (Nakayama strain)
Kokobera
Kunjin
Murray Valley encephalitis Sarafend
Saumarez Reef
Yellow fever (strain 17D)
Hepacivirus
Hepatitis C
Hepadnaviridae
Duck hepatitis B
Hepatitis B
Herpesviridae
Alphaherpesvirinae
Simplex
Varicella
Betaherpesvirinae
Cytomegalovirus
Gammaherpesvirinae
Herpes 6 and 7
Lymphocryptovirus (EB-like viruses)
Orthomyxoviridae
Influenza (except those in Table 3.10)
Paramyxoviridae
Paramyxovirinae
Morbillivirus
Measles
Rubulavirus
Menangle
Mumps
Newcastle disease virus (non-virulent endemic strains)
Pneumovirus
Respiratory syncytial virus
Respirovirus
Parainfluenza 1, 2, 3 and 4
Parvoviridae
Human parvovirus
Picornaviridae
Encephalomyocarditis
Encephalomyocarditis virus
Enterovirus
Coxsackie
Echo
Entero
Parecho
Polio 1, 2 and 3
Rhinovirus
Hepatovirus
Hepatitis A
Poxviridae
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 25 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
Orthopoxvirus
Vaccinia Parapoxvirus
Orf
Prions
Reoviridae
Gerstmann-Sträussler syndrome,
Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob agents (See Note 1 and Clause 3.5)
Orbivirus
Bluetongue viruses (endemic strains)
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease viruses of deer (endemic strains) Rotavirus
Rotavirus
Retroviridae (serology, other tests on samples)
Oncovirinae
Human lymphotropic virus 1
Human lymphotropic virus 2
Lentivirinae
Human immunodeficiency virus
Togaviridae
Alphavirus
Barmah Forest
Ross River
Semliki Forest
Arterivirus
Equine viral arteritis
Rubivirus
Rubella
Hepatitis D Hepatitis E
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 26 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15
25. APPENDIX III – RISK GROUP 3 ORGANISMS
25.1
BACTERIA
Bacillus anthracis
Bartonella bacilliformis
Burkholderia mallei
Brucella spp. (except B. ovis)
Chlamydia psittaci (avian strains)
Coxiella burnetii (cultures, animal work and concentrates)
Francisella tularensis (type A)
Multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
Rickettsia spp.
Yersinia pestis
25.2
FUNGI
Aphanomyces astaci
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Ceratocystis ulmi
Coccidioides immitis
Histoplasma spp.
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Phytophthora cinnamomi
25.3
VIRUSES
Arenaviridae
Arenavirus
Lymphochoriomeningitis (LCM) neurotropic strains
Bunyaviridae
Group C
Oropouche
Phlebovirus
Hantavirus
Hantaan and related viruses
Flaviviridae
Flavivirus
Japanese encephalitis
St Louis encephalitis
Tick-borne viruses
West Nile
Yellow fever
Paramyxoviridae
Rubulavirus
Mapuera
Newcastle disease (exotic strains)
Retroviridae (from cultures and concentrates)
Oncovirinae
Human lymphotropic virus 1
Human lymphotropic virus 2
Lentivirinae
Human immunodeficiency virus
Rhabdoviridae
Lyssavirus
Australian bat lyssavirus
Rabies fixed strain (CVS II)
Togaviridae
Alphavirus
Eastern equine encephalitis
Western equine encephalitis
Venezuelan equine encephalitis
Using Biologicals & Animals Procedure, v4
Date of first issue: June 2006
Responsible Officer: Manager, OH&S
Date of last review: November 2015
For the latest version of this document please go to: http://www.monash.edu.au/ohs/
Page 27 of 27
Date of next review: 2018
19/11/15