Part F – Data Tables PART F: DATA TABLES Notes: 1. Where qualitative feedback was received by interviewees (as distinct from quantitative responses such as “yes/no” or ratings), responses have been categorised by the Project Team. 2. In some tables the number of responses differs to the number of respondents as some questions allowed respondents to provide more than one response. 3. Unless otherwise stated, the source for this data is consultation feedback and Project Team analysis only. 115 Table F1: NTRB lawyers as at 31 December 2004 – Breakdown by NTRB, location and gender No. NTRB Lawyers Total male Non-ATSI male ATSI male Total female Non-ATSI female ATSI female 3 1 1 1 8 4 2 0 2 14 3 1 1 1 8 4 2 0 2 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 8 4 2 2 0 14 0 2 2 2 8 4 2 2 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 1 2 9 0 0 1 1 4 1 1 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 4 3 1 0 0 1 10 1 4 3 1 0 0 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CLC Alice Springs NLC Darwin Northern Territory Total 4 4 8 4 4 8 0 0 0 0 4 4 0 4 4 0 0 0 SA ALRM South Australia Total 4 3 4 3 0 0 3 4 1 2 2 2 3 2 1 0 3 3 2 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 0 0 40 38 2 36 33 3 As percentage of total number of lawyers 52.6% As percentage of total number of male lawyers As percentage of total number of female lawyers 95% 5% 91.6% 8.4% State NTRB Location WA Goldfields KLC Ngaanyatjarra SWALSC Yamatji Perth Broome Perth Perth Perth Geraldton Hedland Karratha Western Australia Total Qld Carpentaria CQLC CYLC Gurang NQLC QSRB TSRA Queensland Total Mt Isa Mackay Cairns Bundaberg Cairns Brisbane Thursday Island NT NSW Adelaide NSWNTS Sydney Coffs Harbour Dubbo New South Wales Total Vic NTSV Victoria Total National Total Melbourne 49.4% Source: NTRB annual reports, consultations, Project Team analysis 116 Part F – Data Tables Table F2: NTRB lawyers as at 31 December 2004 – Average number by NTRB No. lawyers per NTRB Average per NTRB % of national total 5.6 36.8 2.7 25.0% 6.0 15.8% 7.0 9.2% 5.0 6.6% 5 5.0 6.6% 289 4.5 100% Stat e NTRB Location WA Goldfields Perth KLC Broome 3 Ngaanyatjarra Perth 3 SWALSC Perth Yamatji Perth, Geraldton, Hedland and Karratha Western Australia Total Qld 28 Mt Isa 1 Central Queensland Cape York Mackay 4 Cairns 4 Gurang Bundaberg 2 North Queensland Cairns 4 Queensland South Brisbane 1 TSRA Thursday Island 3 19 CLC -- NTU Alice Springs 4 NLC Darwin 8 Northern Territory Total SA 3 16 Carpentaria Queensland Total NT 3 ALRM 12 Adelaide 7 South Australia Total NSW NSWNTS 7 Sydney, Coffs Harbour, Dubbo 5 New South Wales Total Vic NTSV 5 Melbourne 5 Victoria Total National Total 76 Source: NTRB annual reports, consultations, Project Team analysis 289 This figure includes full-time and part-time lawyers. 117 Table F3: Comparison of NTRB workload indicators by State, as at 19 January 2005 Number of… WA QLD NT SA NSW VIC 28 19 12 7 5 5 Active native title applications 137 196 197 27 77 20 Finalised native title applications 345 235 25 20 313 50 NTRB lawyers 290 Determinations to date 11 ILUAs 291 22 292 6 1 293 294 15 1 295 2 84 37 3 4 12 Outstanding future act notices 636 143 20 21 3 21 Active objection applications 614 81 1 0 0 0 5,490 41 298 0 6 0 39,298 84,349 50,785 12,542 69,180 12,744 296 Finalised objection applications Indigenous persons living outside major cities Source: ABS Census 2001, Tribunal website, NTRB annual reports, Consultations 290 Nine of these determinations were that native title was found to exist; in the remaining two, native title was found not to exist. 291 Twenty of these were positive determinations (native title found to exist in whole or part of the determination area). 292 All were positive determinations. 293 The De Rose Hill case went to trial in the Federal Court in June 2001. On 1 November 2002 Justice O’Loughlin found the claimant group had lost their spiritual and physical connection to the claimed area and consequently found that native title did not exist: De Rose Hill v State of South Australia [2002] FCA 1342. On appeal, the Full Court of the Federal Court decided that Justice O’Loughlin had not applied the correct legal test for connection when he decided the case. The court called for further detailed submissions regarding connection. Judgment has been reserved. 294 Only one of these was a positive determination; the remaining 14 determinations were that native title did not exist. 295 Native title was found not to exist: Yorta Yorta v Victoria (2002) 214 CLR 422. 296 Figures provided by the Tribunal on 27 January 2005. These figures should not be interpreted as indicating the actual extent of future act activity. Rather, they represent only the number of notices which have been issued and for which the closing date is still pending at a particular point in time. Over the course of a year, far greater numbers of future act notices can be received. For example, NSW NTS receives over 1500 future act notices a year (NSW NTS, Submission to the 2004 Parliamentary Inquiry, p 6) and in the 2002-03 reporting period, 820 future act notices were received by just one of the five Representative Bodies in Western Australia (Goldfields, Submission to the 2004 Parliamentary Inquiry, p 2). According to the Tribunal, since the commencement of the Native Title Act 30,160 future act notices have been issued nationally (figure provided on 27 January 2005). See Part C Section 3.6.3 for further discussion on future acts. 118 Part F – Data Tables Table F4: NTRB lawyers as at 31 December 2004 – Average age by State State Aged 20-24 Aged 25-29 Aged 30-34 Aged 35-39 Aged 40-44 Aged 45-49 Aged 50+ 6 2 1 Western Australia 3 3 No. NTRB lawyers 7 6 Queensland 1 1 4 3 3 3 2 Northern Territory 0 0 6 1 2 1 2 South Australia 0 3 0 1 1 1 1 New South Wales 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 Victoria 0 0 3 0 0 2 0 National Total 4 8 22 11 13 9 8 11% 11% 21% 7% 4% Queensland 6% 6% 24% 18% 18% 18% 12% Northern Territory 0% 0% 50% 8% 17% 8% 17% South Australia 0% 43% 0% 14% 14% 14% 14% New South Wales 0% 20% 40% 0% 20% 0% 20% Victoria 0% 0% 60% 0% 0% 40% 0% National Total 5% 11% 30% 15% 18% 12% 9% Western Australia % of State total of NTRB lawyers 25% 21% 119 Report into the Professional Development Needs of NTRB Lawyers Table F5: NTRB lawyers as at 31 December 2004 – Universities attended No. NTRB lawyers studied As % of all NTRB lawyers who studied in Australia 11 7 18 15% 10% 25% 28 1 1 1 1 4 1% 1% 1% 1% 5% 19 0 2 2 0% 3% 3% 12 8 4 12 11% 6% 17% 7 5 5 1 1 1 2 1 16 7% 7% 1% 1% 1% 3% 1% 22% 5 10 4 1 1 16 14% 6% 1% 1% 22% 5 ANU Tasmania 2 2 4 3% 3% 6% Uni of South Africa Rand Afrikaans Uni 1 1 2 State University WA UWA Murdoch Western Australia Total Qld Queensland QUT James Cook Griffith Queensland Total NT Charles Darwin NTU Northern Territory Total SA Adelaide Flinders South Australia Total NSW Sydney UNSW Legal Pr AB Macquarie Southern Cross UTS Wollongong New South Wales Total Vic Melbourne Monash Deakin RMIT Victoria Total Other Australia Total Other Australia Overseas Total Overseas National Total 297 This does not include data for Gurang Land Council. 120 297 74 100% No. lawyers working in this State 76 Part F – Data Tables Table F6: Factors inhibiting effective client representation in the NTRB system – NTRB lawyers’ responses298 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 298 Lack of experience Lack of training Too much work Lack of sufficient numbers of legal staff Lack of sufficient numbers of support staff Lack of sufficient quality support staff Lack of sufficient communication between legal staff at your NTRB Lack of sufficient communication between legal staff at different NTRBS Lack of sufficient communication between NTRBs at organisational level Higher turnover rates of legal staff Community dynamics Difficulty communicating with clients Morale/organisational culture Distance/remoteness/cost of communicating with clients Travel demands Clients'lack of understanding of NT law Lack of access to relevant documentary resources Lack of access to adequate equipment/facilities Lack of professional support/advice Lack of understanding from other institutions Lack of communication between legal and non-legal staff Lack of understanding of cultural issues affecting clients NT law unbalanced Bureaucratic red tape Administrative workload (ATSIC and ATSIS, ACAA requirements) Over-resourcing of other ‘players’ – eg. third parties, government and NNTT Nepotism Third parties lack of understanding of NT law, crosscultural blindness, lack of appreciation of the difficulties of NTRB representations and consultations No strong opinion Agree Strongly Agree Total Responses 4 9 5 8 24 27 21 19 12 9 21 21 48 48 49 48 5 9 16 18 48 0 14 5 12 16 47 3 16 10 14 4 47 0 5 18 17 7 47 0 5 24 8 10 47 0 11 3 22 12 48 0 0 4 8 5 6 25 28 13 6 47 48 1 0 7 3 5 10 25 26 10 9 48 48 1 1 6 7 15 11 17 19 7 10 46 48 0 12 12 14 9 47 1 14 13 12 10 50 0 11 8 20 8 47 0 4 8 21 14 47 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 Strongly Disagree Disagree 1 0 1 0 7 3 1 0 0 See question L25 in Appendix 2. 121 Report into the Professional Development Needs of NTRB Lawyers Table F7: New NTRB lawyers as at 31 December 2004 – Age, educational background, location and length of experience State NTRB No. new lawyers New to NTRB system in 2004 Average Studied in age same State Studied in different State No. new lawyers New to NTRB system in 2003 Average Studied in age same 2003 State Studied in different State Western Australia as percentage of total lawyers in State as percentage of national total of new lawyers 9 31% 43% 33.7 7 2 3 10% 50% 34.0 2 1 Queensland as percentage of total lawyers in State as percentage of national total of new lawyers 5 29% 23% 34.8 0 4 2 12% 33% 48.0 1 1 Northern Territory as percentage of total lawyers in territory as percentage of national total of new lawyers 2 17% 10% 30.5 0 2 1 8% 17% 34.0 0 1 South Australia as percentage of total lawyers in State as percentage of national total of new lawyers 3 43% 14% 27.3 3 0 0 0% 0% 0 0 New South Wales as percentage of total lawyers in State as percentage of national total of new lawyers 2 40% 10% 45.0 2 0 0 0% 0% 0 0 Victoria as percentage of total lawyers in State as percentage of national total of new lawyers 1 20% 5% 48.0 1 0 0 0% 0% 0 0 National Total as percentage of national total 22 30% 37.3 13 8 6 8% 3 3 122 38.7 Part F – Data Tables Table F8: NTRB lawyers as at 31 December 2004 – Average commercial law experience (CLE) of NTRB lawyers by State and gender No. NTRB lawyers State Average CLE of lawyers with CLE only(years) Average CLE of all NTRB lawyers (years) Total With CLE Female Male Total Female Male Total Western Australia 28 15 3.6 7.1 5.4 1.8 4.1 2.9 Queensland 19 9 2.7 13 7.9 0.8 8.7 4.8 Northern Territory 12 7 1.5 2.5 2 0.8 1.6 1.2 South Australia 7 4 2 5.2 3.6 0.7 3.9 2.9 New South Wales 5 2 0 13.5 13.5 0 9 4.5 Victoria 5 5 1.8 11.5 6.7 1.8 11.5 6.7 76 42 1.9 8.8 6.5 1.2 5.3 3.3 National Total 123 Report into the Professional Development Needs of NTRB Lawyers Table F9: NTRB lawyers as at 31 December 2004 – Previous employment relevant to NTRB role No. NTRB lawyers 7 3 2 2 Prior role Commercial legal practice, advising clients in native title matters Advising governments involved in native title matters Aboriginal land council advising on land rights claims Providing legal advice to native title claimants in other capacities Total respondents: 14 NTRB lawyers Table F10: Source of new NTRB lawyers by previous employment sector where relevant to NTRB work No NTRB lawyers 6 4 3 2 1 299 6 Previous employment sector Private practice – small law firms State Government departments Commonwealth Government departments Bar Private practice – top tier firms Other Total respondents: 22 NTRB lawyers Table F11: Difficulties in recruiting NTRB lawyers – all responses Is it difficult to recruit NTRB lawyers? NTRB Lawyers 300 Yes No 24 2 NTRB Managers Yes No Sometimes 7 3 2 Other interviewees Yes No Sometimes Total respondents: Responses 41 0 1 26 NTRB lawyers (inc. 8 PLOs) 54 other interviewees (inc. 12 NTRB managers) 299 Two of these were students immediately prior to commencing employment in the NTRB system. The remaining four came from non-legal private sector roles. 300 Includes eight principal legal officers. 124 Part F – Data Tables Table F12: How became attracted to NTRB work – NTRB lawyers’ responses (by State studied in)301 Alternative to mainstream law Interested through university Interested through travel experience Personal contact Other 16 16 6 3 21 Breakdown of total by State WA QLD NT SA NSW VIC ACT TAS 3 2 0 1 6 3 1 0 6 5 1 0 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 8 3 0 4 2 3 0 1 Breakdown of total by experience 0-1 years 1-2 years 2-3 years 3-5 years 5-10 years 10+ years unknown 1 3 3 4 3 2 0 1 1 3 8 3 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 4 4 1 5 6 0 1 Total responses Total respondents: 54 NTRB lawyers Table F13: Value of student interns at NTRBs for promoting careers in native title – NTRB lawyers’ and managers’ responses Valuable NTRB lawyers NTRB PLOs NTRB managers Total respondents: 301 5 1 2 Not valuable 4 1 0 Maybe 3 0 0 14 NTRB lawyers (inc. 2 PLOs) 2 NTRB managers See question L7 in Appendix 2. 125 Report into the Professional Development Needs of NTRB Lawyers Table F14: Value of student interns at NTRBs generally – NTRB lawyers’ and managers’ responses302 NTRB lawyers NTRB PLOs NTRB managers Valuable 13 4 4 Total respondents: Not valuable 5 3 0 Maybe 22 3 2 50 NTRB lawyers (inc. 10 PLOs) 6 NTRB managers Table F15: Value of commercial law experience (CLE) for NTRB lawyers – NTRB lawyers’ responses303 CLE not valuable CLE of some value CLE very valuable Lawyers’ responses 0 19 27 PLOs’ responses 0 1 5 0-1 year 0 3 5 1-2 years 0 3 5 2-3 years 0 3 3 3-5 years 0 6 9 5-10 years 0 3 7 10+ years 0 2 3 Breakdown of total by length of experience Breakdown of total by State NSW 0 2 1 NT 0 5 4 Qld 0 4 9 SA 0 2 2 WA 0 6 15 Vic 0 2 1 Total respondents: 52 NTRB lawyers (inc. 6 PLOs) 302 See question L64 in Appendix 2; see question M28 in Appendix 3. 303 See questions L62 in Appendix 2. 126 Part F – Data Tables Table F16: Minimum length of commercial law experience necessary to be of value – NTRB lawyers’ responses304 Minimum length 2 years or greater 1-2 years Less than 1 year Total respondents: Responses 14 10 5 29 NTRB lawyers Table F17: Proposed incentives for attracting or retaining NTRB lawyers – NTRB lawyer responses Incentives Availability of mentors Study leave opportunities Sabbatical programs Secondments to commercial law firms Exchanges to other NTRBs Total respondents: Not valuable 0 1 2 7 3 Valuable 32 23 23 15 13 Maybe 18 22 20 26 32 50 NTRB lawyers 8 former NTRB lawyers Table F18: Appropriateness of engagement by NTRBs of counsel usually acting for respondents – other interviewees’ responses Representation of claimants by counsel usually acting for respondents Not an issue Should be encouraged Potentially problematic Should be avoided Total respondents: Responses 8 5 4 1 18 other interviewees Table F19: Difficulty in retaining NTRB lawyers – NTRB lawyers’ and other interviewees’ responses Is it difficult to retain lawyers? Yes No Sometimes Total respondents: 304 Lawyers PLOs 18 0 0 5 1 0 Other interviewees 51 5 1 24 NTRB lawyers (inc. 6 PLOs) 57 other interviewees See question L63 in Appendix 2. 127 Report into the Professional Development Needs of NTRB Lawyers Table F20: NTRB lawyers as at 31 December 2004 – Average length at current NTRB and in NTRB system Avg. length in NTRB system Female Avg. length in NTRB system Male Avg. length in NTRB system Total Avg. Length at current NTRB Avg. No. NTRBs worked at Western Australia 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.4 1.1 Queensland 3.4 3.8 3.6 2.4 1.4 Northern Territory 2.5 7.4 5.8 4.6 1.5 South Australia 1.4 4.6 3.2 3.2 1.0 New South Wales 3.0 2.1 2.4 2.0 1.2 Victoria 7.4 2.5 5.4 1.5 1.8 National Total 3.1 4 3.6 2.8 1.3 State Table F21: Deterrents to NTRB work – NTRB lawyers’ and former NTRB lawyers’ responses Deterrent Organisational issues Workload Remoteness Non-legal roles Inadequacy of outcomes Salaries Political aspect of the job Other Total respondents: 128 Total responses 30 25 16 15 11 7 5 9 53 NTRB lawyers 8 former NTRB lawyers Former lawyers’ responses 5 3 4 3 3 0 3 2 Part F – Data Tables Table F22: Deterrents to NTRB work – other interviewees’ responses Deterrent Workload Political aspect Organisational issues Remoteness Management issues Inadequate outcomes Damages career path Non-legal roles Salaries Native title law and system issues Isolation from mainstream legal profession Organisational culture Travel demands Long trials Pressures from other parties Inadequate professional support Inadequate support staff Management issues Pressure re administrative requirements Risk of violence Demanding personal involvement Inadequate corporate knowledge Inadequate resources Clients ungratefulness Risk of organisations imploding No training/professional development provided Governance issues Other Total respondents: Responses 26 21 20 15 11 9 8 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 5 65 other interviewees Table F23: Level of workload – NTRB lawyers’ responses305 Level of workload Too heavy Appropriate Too light Other Total respondents: 305 Responses 30 20 0 6 56 NTRB lawyers See question L22 in Appendix 2. 129 Report into the Professional Development Needs of NTRB Lawyers Table F24: Hours worked per week by NTRB lawyers – NTRB lawyers’ responses306 Hours per week 70-80 60-70 50-60 40-50 35-40 Total respondents: Number of respondents 4 12 19 17 2 54 NTRB lawyers Table F25: Level of satisfaction with access to resources at own NTRB – NTRB lawyers’ responses307 Very satisfied Satisfied Sometimes satisfied, sometimes dissatisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Total responses 3 16 17 15 7 Breakdown of total by gender Male Female 2 1 8 8 7 10 6 9 3 4 Breakdown of total by State WA NSW QLD NT SA VIC 2 0 1 0 0 0 7 1 1 5 1 1 2 2 6 3 1 3 8 0 1 2 3 1 3 0 4 0 0 0 Breakdown of total by city size > million < million 2 1 11 5 7 10 8 7 1 6 Total respondents: 58 NTRB lawyers 306 See question L11 in Appendix 2. 307 See question L23 in Appendix 2. 130 Part F – Data Tables Table F26: Involvement in any matters from initiation to resolution – NTRB lawyers’ responses308 Matters involved in from initiation to resolution None Some future act matters Negotiations One claim Two or more claims Other Total respondents: Responses 19 14 12 4 1 8 55 NTRB lawyers Table F27: Extent of time spent on non-legal tasks – NTRB lawyers’ responses309 Spend too much time on non-legal tasks Yes No Maybe Total respondents: Responses 31 14 8 53 NTRB lawyers Table F28: Proportion of time spent on non-legal tasks – NTRB lawyers’ responses310 Proportion of work-time 0-5% 5-15% 15-25% 25-35% 35-50% Over 50% Total respondents: Number of respondents 2 8 7 8 8 6 39 NTRB lawyers 308 See question L14 in Appendix 2. 309 See question L12 in Appendix 2. 310 See question L12 in Appendix 2. 131 Report into the Professional Development Needs of NTRB Lawyers Table F29: Types of non-legal tasks performed by NTRB lawyers – NTRB lawyers’ responses Tasks Administrative and secretarial Organising meetings Managerial Dealing with non-native title concerns of claimants Travel Dispute resolution Logistics Organisational policy and strategy Total respondents: Number of responses 57 20 17 16 7 4 4 2 57 NTRB lawyers Table F30: Level of satisfaction with the physical environment at own NTRB – NTRB lawyers’ responses311 Very satisfied Satisfied Sometimes satisfied, sometimes dissatisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Total responses 4 19 18 11 6 Breakdown of total by gender Male Female 2 2 9 10 8 10 4 7 3 3 Breakdown of total by State WA NSW QLD NT SA VIC 3 0 1 0 0 0 8 1 2 4 3 1 1 2 5 5 1 2 7 0 0 1 1 1 3 0 3 0 0 0 Total respondents: 311 58 NTRB lawyers See question L23 in Appendix 2. 132 Part F – Data Tables Table F31: Issues affecting satisfaction with physical environment at NTRBs – NTRB lawyers’ responses312 Issue Issues with equipment and funding Building quality (including issues with air conditioning and safety) Inadequate privacy and space, too much noise Other Total respondents: Responses 42 16 11 7 36 NTRB lawyers Table F32: Inductions received and their value – NTRB lawyers’ responses313 Lawyers’ responses PLOs’ responses Breakdown of total by State WA NSW QLD NT SA VIC Total respondents: Induction received Induction not received Induction would be valuable Induction may be valuable Induction would not be valuable 10 0 39 10 37 8 7 1 1 0 7 0 0 2 1 0 16 3 16 7 2 2 20 1 13 7 2 2 3 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 59 NTRB lawyers (inc. 9 PLOs) 312 See question L24 in Appendix 2. 313 See question L27 in Appendix 2. 133 Report into the Professional Development Needs of NTRB Lawyers Table F33: Topics to be covered in NTRB lawyer inductions – NTRB lawyers’ and other interviewees’ responses NTRB lawyer suggestions Other interviewee suggestions • • • • • • Cross-cultural competence Understanding client community context Running meetings with claimant group • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Presentation skills Who key people are Understanding of NT law and processes How to deal with experts How to do a general discovery How to run a genealogy HR management Knowledge of particular areas of law Management Managing contracts and consultants Mediation and negotiation Negotiation Organisation' s methodologies and procedures Political analysis Training in possibilities of non-NT outcomes • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Cross-cultural awareness and communication Understanding client community context Mediation of intra-client disputes and between groups Taking instructions and ascertaining consensus Running claim group meetings Plain English Introductory anthropology Aboriginal languages Legal and professional ethics Commercial negotiation Drafting commercial agreements Knowledge of particular areas of law, eg mining Litigation Mediation, negotiation and arbitration Understanding of native title law and practice Practice management Drafting court documents Organisational systems and procedures Total respondents: 51 NTRB lawyers 18 other interviewees Table F34: Preferred induction format – NTRB lawyer responses Preferred Format Formal course Written manual Other Total respondents: 134 Responses 14 9 13 36 NTRB lawyers Part F – Data Tables Table F35: Issues that arise in relation to taking instructions – NTRB lawyers’ responses314 Issues in taking instructions Assessing levels of consensus Issues around informed consent Intra-Indigenous disputes Issues around who is client – claimant or employer Language barriers Lack of cultural awareness Poor meeting attendance Difficulties communicating to large group Conflicting claims Complexity of legal concepts being explained Difficulties establishing relationship with client group Middle-person between lawyer and client, eg interpreter Lawyers'inability to communicate in lay terms Lack of telephone communication Lack of regular contact Intra-office politics Insufficient funding for field support Cost of meetings Other Total respondents: 314 Responses 27 16 13 7 6 5 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 47 NTRB lawyers See question L54 in Appendix 2. 135 Report into the Professional Development Needs of NTRB Lawyers Table F36: Barriers to effective communication with clients – NTRB lawyers’ responses315 Barriers Lack of lawyers’ cultural awareness Complexity of native title system/concepts Language difficulties Cultural/social barriers between lawyers and clients Lack of relationship with clients/mistrust of lawyers Lack of regular contact with clients Lawyers’ communication problems Intra-Indigenous disputes Diversity of claimant group/complexity of claimant group relations Lack of knowledge of claimant group by lawyers Clients’ unrealistic expectations Gender Cost Lack of sensitivity by lawyers Difficulties in communicating with large group Lawyers’ inexperience Total respondents: Responses 27 17 16 15 15 12 8 8 7 6 6 4 5 3 1 1 55 NTRB lawyers Table F37: Skills developed since beginning work as an NTRB lawyer – NTRB lawyer responses316 Skills developed Cross-cultural communication Negotiation Drafting Understanding NTA FCT processes History and politics Understanding of Aboriginal culture Advocacy Other Total respondents: 45 NTRB lawyers 315 See question L57 in Appendix 2. 316 See question L26 in Appendix 2. 136 Responses 29 20 11 9 6 4 4 3 20 Part F – Data Tables Table F38: Importance of various aspects of NTRB lawyer’s role – NTRB lawyers’ responses317 1 Taking Instructions from Clients 1 Not Important 0 28 Total Responses 42 2 Communicating With Clients 1 0 8 33 42 3 Advising Clients on Legal Process and Options 0 0 7 29 36 4 Assisting to resolve intra community conflicts 1 10 12 20 43 5 Other interactions with clients that involve cross-cultural sensitivity (e.g. protocols, etiquette) 0 1 16 23 40 6 Awareness and understanding of local Aboriginal culture and history 0 2 17 22 41 7 Professional ethics involved in dealing with multi-person claimant groups Understanding anthropology, genealogy etc. 0 3 14 25 42 0 1 26 14 41 Using plain English in an Aboriginal context 0 1 11 28 40 10 Cross-cultural issues in the work place 1 2 20 15 38 11 Living and working in remote areas 6 7 1 1 15 12 Working in a team of lawyers 0 5 24 13 42 13 Working in multi-disciplinary teams 0 0 18 24 42 14 Running meetings (incl. Handling content, facilitating discussions, making presentations, etc. 0 0 14 26 40 15 Establishment/management of corporate entities (e.g. PBCs) 3 12 17 10 42 16 Organisational strategic planning 1 14 17 9 41 17 Strategising native title and other options and approaches on individual cases 18 Project management 0 3 17 22 42 0 2 28 11 41 19 Management of staff/management skills 2 10 20 8 40 20 Time Management 0 1 16 23 40 21 Commercial and other negotiations 1 2 19 18 40 22 Drafting commercial agreements 0 4 20 16 40 Irrelevant 8 9 317 Of Some Importance 13 Crucial See question L31 in Appendix 2 (first column only). 137 Report into the Professional Development Needs of NTRB Lawyers 23 Drafting court documents 0 Not Important 4 19 Total Responses 40 24 Representing clients in mediation 3 3 16 20 42 25 Future act processes and hearings 3 7 19 12 41 26 Future act negotiations 1 8 18 14 41 27 Court room advocacy 5 12 15 9 41 28 Preparing witnesses 4 8 15 11 38 29 Evidentiary matters 2 5 16 14 37 30 Proofing witnesses (i.e. ' dry run' of where from, who from and how to take evidence) 3 8 13 14 38 31 on country assessment of evidence 5 9 9 12 35 32 Working with clients to prepare for trial 33 Briefing counsel 7 10 13 11 41 4 3 17 16 40 34 Briefing consultants (e.g. anthropologists, historians, archaeologists) 35 Understanding relevant Federal Court role, practice and procedure 0 6 21 14 41 0 5 15 19 39 36 Understanding NNTT role, practice and procedure 37 Familiarity with Native Title statutory scheme 1 5 18 15 39 0 2 10 29 41 38 Familiarity with native title jurisprudence 0 4 10 26 40 39 Familiarity with other statutory schemes (e.g. cultural heritage and State-based land rights legislation 0 2 19 20 41 40 Commercial law 1 6 23 10 40 41 Mining law 2 3 22 13 40 42 Trusts Law 3 4 25 8 40 43 Tax Law 7 12 17 5 41 44 Administrative law 2 10 19 9 40 Computer skills - legal research and word processing 0 0 0 1 1 Environmental law 0 0 1 0 1 General comprehensive NT overview 0 0 0 1 1 Referrals re e.g. accounting or tax matters 0 1 0 0 1 Table F38 continued 138 Irrelevant Of Some Importance 17 Crucial Contract law 0 0 1 0 1 Familiarity with State/Territory Legislation and institutions relevant to environmental management, fisheries, property law and parks management 0 0 1 0 1 Property law 0 0 1 0 1 Part F – Data Tables Table F39: Importance of training on various aspects of NTRB lawyer’s role for lawyers at current level of experience – NTRB lawyers’ responses318 1 Taking Instructions from Clients 4 Not Important 14 4 Total Responses 37 2 Communicating With Clients 5 14 12 6 37 3 Advising Clients on Legal Process and Options 2 13 16 7 38 4 Assisting to resolve intra community conflicts Other interactions with clients that involve cross-cultural sensitivity (e.g. protocols, etiquette) 4 11 16 6 37 3 10 14 9 36 Irrelevant 5 Of Some Importance 15 Crucial 6 Awareness and understanding of local Aboriginal culture and history 3 14 11 8 36 7 Professional ethics involved in dealing with multi-person claimant groups 2 12 14 10 38 8 Understanding anthropology, genealogy etc. 3 9 23 2 37 4 16 12 5 37 1 16 16 2 35 10 17 8 1 36 12 Working in a team of lawyers 4 21 12 1 38 13 Working in multi-disciplinary teams 4 19 11 3 37 14 Running meetings (incl. Handling 6 10 15 5 36 15 Establishment/management of 6 10 15 7 38 16 Organisational strategic planning 8 11 17 2 38 17 Strategising native title and other 2 10 15 9 36 18 Project management 4 5 21 5 35 19 Management of staff/management 5 11 15 4 35 20 Time Management 2 10 17 7 36 21 Commercial and other negotiations 2 9 19 7 37 22 Drafting commercial agreements 2 11 17 6 36 23 Drafting court documents 4 8 19 6 37 Using plain English in an Aboriginal context 10 Cross-cultural issues in the work place 11 Living and working in remote areas 9 content, facilitating discussions, making presentations, etc) corporate entities (e.g. PBCs) options and approaches on individual cases skills 24 Representing clients in mediation 2 12 15 7 36 25 Future act processes and hearings 4 12 17 3 36 26 Future act negotiations 4 11 16 5 36 318 See question L31 in Appendix 2 (second column only). 139 Report into the Professional Development Needs of NTRB Lawyers 27 Court room advocacy 5 Not Important 11 28 Preparing witnesses 6 11 29 Evidentiary matters 3 6 16 6 31 30 Proofing witnesses (i.e. ' dry run'of where from, who from and how to take evidence) 4 12 11 6 33 31 on country assessment of evidence 4 11 10 6 31 32 Working with clients to prepare for trial 5 14 7 7 33 33 Briefing counsel 4 14 14 1 33 34 Briefing consultants (e.g. anthropologists, historians, archaeologists) 2 13 17 2 34 35 Understanding relevant Federal Court role, practice and procedure 3 12 14 5 34 36 Understanding NNTT role, practice and procedure 2 16 11 2 31 37 Familiarity with Native Title statutory scheme 1 9 17 7 34 38 Familiarity with native title jurisprudence 1 9 16 7 33 39 Familiarity with other statutory schemes (e.g. cultural heritage and Statebased land rights legislation) 2 9 21 3 35 40 Commercial law 2 12 16 5 35 41 Mining law 2 9 17 6 34 42 Trusts Law 3 11 16 4 34 43 Tax Law 7 15 10 4 36 44 Administrative law 3 13 14 5 35 Computer skills - legal research and word processing Environmental law 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 General comprehensive NT overview 0 0 0 1 1 Referrals re e.g. accounting or tax matters 0 1 0 0 1 Table F39 continued 140 Irrelevant Of Some Importance 16 Crucial 5 Total Responses 37 11 8 36 Contract law 0 0 0 0 0 Familiarity with State/Territory Legislation and institutions relevant to environmental management, fisheries, property law and parks management 0 0 1 0 1 Property law 1 0 0 0 1 Part F – Data Tables Table F40: Importance of training on various aspects of NTRB lawyer’s role for new NTRB lawyers – NTRB lawyers’ responses319 1 Taking Instructions from Clients 0 Not Important 0 34 Total Responses 43 2 Communicating With Clients 1 1 5 31 38 3 Advising Clients on Legal Process and Options 0 2 7 28 37 4 Assisting to resolve intra community conflicts 2 6 13 21 42 5 Other interactions with clients that involve cross-cultural sensitivity (e.g., protocols, etiquette 0 2 10 30 42 6 Awareness and understanding of local Aboriginal culture and history 0 4 13 24 41 7 Professional ethics involved in dealing with multi-person claimant groups Understanding anthropology, genealogy etc. 0 1 12 29 42 0 3 19 20 42 9 Using plain English in an Aboriginal context 0 2 13 25 40 10 Cross-cultural issues in the work place 1 4 21 12 38 11 Living and working in remote areas 4 12 13 10 39 12 Working in a team of lawyers 0 12 22 7 41 13 Working in multi-disciplinary teams 0 5 21 21 47 14 Running meetings (incl. Handling content, facilitating discussions, making presentations, etc. Establishment/management of corporate entities (e.g. PBCs) 0 4 13 22 39 3 5 19 14 41 Irrelevant 8 15 Of Some Importance 9 Crucial 16 Organisational strategic planning 6 10 19 5 40 17 Strategising native title and other options and approaches on individual cases 2 4 15 20 41 18 Project management 1 8 18 11 38 19 Management of staff/management skills 5 9 16 8 38 20 Time Management 5 15 21 41 21 Commercial and other negotiations 1 1 20 20 42 22 Drafting commercial agreements 1 2 19 19 41 23 Drafting court documents 1 4 16 19 40 319 See question L31 in Appendix 2 (third column only). 141 Report into the Professional Development Needs of NTRB Lawyers Table F40 continued Irrelevant Not Important Of Some Importance Crucial Total Responses 24 Representing clients in mediation 1 5 15 19 40 25 Future act processes and hearings 2 2 17 20 41 26 Future act negotiations 1 6 15 19 41 27 Court room advocacy 4 7 18 12 41 28 Preparing witnesses 3 6 20 9 38 29 Evidentiary matters 1 3 19 15 38 30 Proofing witnesses (I.e. ' dry run' of where from, who from and how to take evidence) on country assessment of evidence 1 7 17 11 36 2 7 14 12 35 32 Working with clients to prepare for trial 2 9 16 9 36 33 Briefing counsel 2 34 Briefing consultants (e.g. anthropologists, historians, archaeologists) 35 Understanding relevant Federal Court role, practice and procedure Understanding NNTT role, practice and procedure 31 36 6 19 9 36 6 17 15 38 1 1 15 22 39 1 5 14 18 38 37 Familiarity with Native Title statutory scheme 2 10 27 39 38 Familiarity with native title jurisprudence 4 9 25 38 39 1 1 17 21 40 40 Familiarity with other statutory schemes (e.g. cultural heritage and State-based land rights legislation Commercial law 1 11 17 10 39 41 Mining law 1 5 19 12 37 42 Trusts Law 2 8 20 9 39 43 Tax Law 5 16 9 8 38 44 Administrative law 1 12 13 12 38 Computer skills - legal research and word processing 0 0 0 1 1 Environmental law 0 0 1 0 1 General comprehensive NT overview 0 0 0 1 1 Referrals re e.g. accounting or tax matters 0 1 0 0 1 Contract law 0 0 0 1 1 Familiarity with State/Territory Legislation and institutions relevant to environmental management, fisheries, property law and parks management 0 0 0 1 1 Property law 0 0 1 142 1 Part F – Data Tables Table F41: Existence and adequacy of formal training provided to NTRB lawyers – NTRB lawyers’ responses320 1 Taking Instructions from Clients 6 1 Total Responses 40 2 Communicating With Clients 33 4 2 39 3 Advising Clients on Legal Process and Options 29 8 2 39 4 Assisting to resolve intra community conflicts 25 11 2 38 5 Other interactions with clients that involve cross-cultural sensitivity (e.g., protocols, etiquette 24 11 2 37 6 Awareness and understanding of local Aboriginal culture and history 29 7 3 39 7 Professional ethics involved in dealing with multi-person claimant groups 30 7 1 38 8 Understanding anthropology, genealogy etc. 27 8 1 36 9 Using plain English in an Aboriginal context 28 7 3 38 10 Cross-cultural issues in the work place 29 6 2 37 11 Living and working in remote areas 27 4 1 32 12 Working in a team of lawyers 31 6 2 39 13 Working in multi-disciplinary teams 32 4 1 37 14 Running meetings (incl. Handling content, facilitating discussions, making presentations, etc. Establishment/management of corporate entities (e.g. PBCs) 30 6 21 57 36 2 2 40 15 None Provided 33 Adequate Inadequate 16 Organisational strategic planning 34 3 1 38 17 Strategising native title and other options and approaches on individual cases 32 4 1 37 18 Project management 32 3 1 36 19 Management of staff/management skills 32 3 1 36 20 Time Management 30 6 1 37 21 Commercial and other negotiations 34 1 2 37 22 Drafting commercial agreements 34 2 2 38 23 Drafting court documents 31 6 3 40 24 Representing clients in mediation 33 3 2 38 25 Future act processes and hearings 30 5 1 36 320 See question L31 in Appendix 2 (fourth column only). 143 Report into the Professional Development Needs of NTRB Lawyers 26 Future act negotiations 4 1 Total Responses 36 27 Court room advocacy 32 2 3 37 28 Preparing witnesses 30 3 3 36 29 Evidentiary matters 29 2 3 34 30 Proofing witnesses (I.e. ' dry run'of where from, who from and how to take evidence) 29 2 3 34 31 on country assessment of evidence 28 2 2 32 32 Working with clients to prepare for trial 30 3 2 35 33 Briefing counsel 29 3 3 35 34 Briefing consultants (e.g. anthropologists, historians, archaeologists) 30 5 1 36 35 Understanding relevant Federal Court role, practice and procedure 29 3 3 35 36 Understanding NNTT role, practice and procedure 25 7 2 34 37 Familiarity with Native Title statutory scheme 26 6 3 35 38 Familiarity with native title jurisprudence 26 7 3 36 39 Familiarity with other statutory schemes (e.g. cultural heritage and State-based land rights legislation 29 5 2 36 40 Commercial law 30 4 1 35 41 Mining law 29 3 2 34 42 Trusts Law 29 4 1 34 43 Tax Law 31 1 3 35 44 Administrative law 27 6 2 35 1 0 0 1 Table F41 continued Computer skills - legal research and word processing None Provided 31 Adequate Inadequate Environmental law 1 0 0 1 General comprehensive NT overview 1 0 0 1 Referrals re e.g. accounting or tax matters 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 Contract law 144 Familiarity with State/Territory Legislation and institutions relevant to environmental management, fisheries, property law and parks management 1 0 0 1 Property law 1 0 0 1 Part F – Data Tables Table F42: Who instructions are taken from – NTRB lawyers’ responses321 Who are instructions taken from? Individual group spokesperson Named applicants Representative working group Whole claimant group Total respondents: Never 28 8 7 0 Sometimes 11 21 20 21 Usually 1 8 14 17 Always 0 3 4 5 45 NTRB lawyers Table F43: Professional development provided through NTRB and undertaken – NTRB lawyers’ responses322 Training/workshop type Internal NTRB training NNTT workshops (ILUAs, PBCs, ‘bundle of rights’, registration test, future act matters) State government workshops Law Society seminars, workshops and courses ATSIS courses (administrative law and governance; contract law; contracting procedure and management) Mediation courses (LEADR, Leo Cussens; Bond University) Law firm seminars Total respondents: No NTRB lawyers undertaken 22 15 8 4 4 4 1 53 NTRB lawyers Table F44: Attendance at and value of annual native title conference – NTRB lawyers’ responses Responses Have attended at least one native title conference Yes No 32 6 Content of native title conference of value? Yes No Maybe 12 8 6 Networking opportunities at native title conference of value? Yes No Maybe 19 3 1 Total respondents: 38 NTRB lawyers 321 See question L53 in Appendix 2. 322 See question L29 in Appendix 2. 145 Report into the Professional Development Needs of NTRB Lawyers Table F45: Value of professional development undertaken, and reasons training is and is not valuable – NTRB lawyers’ responses Responses Training/workshops of value Yes Maybe No 27 12 4 Reasons training of value Relevant content Networking opportunities Other 32 14 3 Reasons training of no value Cost and/or time prohibitive Too simplistic Too specific Irrelevant content Other 15 8 3 1 2 Total respondents: 43 NTRB lawyers Table F46: Appropriateness of various training formats and NTRB lawyers’ preferences – NTRB lawyer responses323 Format Group-based workshops Individual by correspondence Lectures Web-based Total respondents: Appropriate 40 16 29 27 Inappropriate 3 24 12 11 Depends 1 1 1 1 44 NTRB lawyers Table F47: Appropriate timing for training – NTRB lawyers’ responses324 Preference Periodic ongoing Two-day intensive One-week intensive Other Depends Total respondents: Responses 16 15 11 3 2 47 NTRB lawyers 323 See question L37 in Appendix 2. 324 See question L36 in Appendix 2. 146 Preference 35 1 5 3 Part F – Data Tables Table F48: Sufficiency of level of communication among NTRBs – NTRB lawyers’ responses325 Level of communication between NTRBs Not enough Sufficient Sometimes sufficient Total respondents: Responses 42 11 1 54 NTRB lawyers Table F49: Strategies for knowledge sharing within and across NTRBs – NTRB lawyers’ responses326 Strategy for knowledge sharing Within NTRBs General communication Staff meetings Internal document sharing systems Emails Staff presentations Internal training days Partnering on claims Across NTRBs Native title conference Emails PLO meetings General communication State-wide meetings of NTRB staff Presentations by lawyers from other NTRBs NTRB exchanges Total respondents: Responses 26 7 7 6 2 2 1 11 4 3 3 1 1 1 34 NTRB lawyers 325 See question L50 in Appendix 2. 326 See question L30 in Appendix 2. 147 Report into the Professional Development Needs of NTRB Lawyers Table F50: Level of access to documentary resources – NTRB lawyers’ responses327 Precedents with annotations Model agreements with annotations Internal library Model agreements Precedents for court submissions, affidavits etc. Legal opinions General reports (e.g. judgments and summaries Relevant journals and newsletters Relevant forms with annotations Case specific research (e.g. anthropological reports, historical documentation) Other NTRBs’ annual reports Case law (e.g. judgments and summaries) Internet resources Other NTRBs’ strategic plans Legislation Relevant forms (e.g. NNTT and FCA) Total respondents: Excellent access 0 1 4 2 2 Adequate access 9 9 13 19 20 Inadequate access 28 28 23 20 18 Irrelevant to my work 0 1 1 1 2 1 4 21 20 18 17 0 0 0 3 3 23 19 19 17 13 13 0 3 3 4 6 10 3 8 5 17 27 24 12 28 31 9 8 7 6 5 4 10 0 0 9 0 1 42 NTRB lawyers Table F51: Sources used by NTRB lawyers to keep abreast of developments in native title – NTRB lawyers’ responses328 Source Journals/newsletters Discussion with internal colleagues NNTT Alert Service Internet Discussion with other NTRBs Internal library Emails from internal colleagues Emails from non-NTRB contacts Discussion with non-NTRB contacts Loose leaf services Yahoo Native Title Users Group Documents from other NTRBs Emails from other NTRBs NT Fact sheets Total respondents: 53 NTRB lawyers 327 See question L40 in Appendix 2. 328 See question L38 in Appendix 2. 148 Responses 24 21 18 15 10 9 6 4 4 2 2 1 1 1 Part F – Data Tables Table F52: Journals and newsletters used – NTRB lawyers’ responses329 Journal/newsletter Various NNTT publications Indigenous Law Bulletin Various AIATSIS publications Alternative Law Journal Australian Indigenous Law Reporter Australian Mining Law Journal Talking NT ACL Weekly ADJR Bulletin AG' s Case Notes Anthropology journals Law Institute Journal Total respondents: 329 Responses 31 11 10 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 43 NTRB lawyers See question L44 in Appendix 2. 149 Report into the Professional Development Needs of NTRB Lawyers Table F53: Internet sites used – NTRB lawyers’ responses330 Website NNTT AustLII Federal Court Various State govt departments AIATSIS ScalePlus General search engines (including Google) Various Cth govt departments NTRB.net ATNS.net Lexis Nexis Mining companies State Law Societies/Institutes ABC ASIC ATSIC Individual NTRB websites Private law firms Newspapers Mineral Policy Institute Mining Ombudsman Registrar of Aboriginal Corporations Stakeholder specific ie pastoralists State Law Publisher University libraries Total respondents: Responses 43 41 18 14 9 8 6 6 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 50 NTRB lawyers Table F54: Usefulness of proposed website – NTRB lawyers’ responses331 Value of proposed website Of value/useful May be of value Total respondents: 51 NTRB lawyers 330 See question L41 in Appendix 2. 331 See question L46(i) in Appendix 2. 150 Responses 45 6 Part F – Data Tables Table F55: Particular aspects of proposed website that would be of value – NTRB lawyers’ responses332 Particular aspects you would use Searchable database of NTRB lawyers Template agreements Court document precedents with and without annotations All Case summaries NTRB-only message board and discussion forum Links to relevant documents Case commentaries Help-line Focused search engine Directory of NTRB professionals Directory of training resources Total respondents: Responses 15 13 15 9 7 7 4 4 1 1 1 1 44 NTRB lawyers Table F56: Willingness to make available own contact details and professional biographical information for inclusion on proposed website – NTRB lawyers’ responses333 Inclusion of details Happy to be included Unsure Other Total respondents: Responses 40 4 2 46 NTRB lawyers 332 See question L46(ii) in Appendix 2. 333 See question L48 in Appendix 2. 151 Report into the Professional Development Needs of NTRB Lawyers Table F57: Value of various forms of assistance from law firms – NTRB lawyers’ responses334 Type of assistance Legal advice on particular matters Mentoring of NTRB lawyers Secondments of commercial lawyers to NTRBs for a particular project or matter Secondments of commercial lawyers to NTRBs for general purpose Preparation of precedents Internships for Indigenous non-legal NTRB staff Total respondents: Would be very valuable Would be valuable Would not be valuable Unsure 17 9 10 25 16 25 1 3 2 4 17 9 8 16 6 14 15 11 26 18 1 1 4 12 47 NTRB lawyers Table F58: Access to, and value of, mentors – NTRB lawyers’ responses335 NTRB Lawyer PLO Have mentor Yes No Maybe 15 28 3 6 1 0 Value of mentors Valuable May be valuable Not valuable 37 6 3 7 0 0 Total respondents: 53 NTRB lawyers (inc. 6 PLOs) Table F59: Value of access to network of NTRB alumni – NTRB lawyers’ responses336 Current NTRB lawyer Former NTRB lawyer Total respondents: Would be valuable 37 6 47 NTRB lawyers 7 former NTRB lawyers 334 See question L61 in Appendix 2. 335 See question L21 in Appendix 2. 336 See question L67 in Appendix 2. 152 Unsure 6 1 Would not be valuable 3 0 Other 1 0 Part F – Data Tables Table F60: Willingness to stay involved in field in various ways – NTRB lawyers’ responses337 Ways of staying involved As mentor to particular NTRB lawyer As part of NTRB alumni Contribute in voluntary capacity to website Giving advice One-week per year involvement Promoting careers at NTRB to uni students Running workshops Working for another NTRB Workshops on communicating with clients Other Total respondents: Number of current NTRB lawyers willing to stay involved in this way 37 37 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 Number of former NTRB lawyers willing to stay involved in this way 4 4 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 43 NTRB lawyers 7 former NTRB lawyers Table F61: Those currently approached to discuss issues relevant to legal work – NTRB lawyers’ responses338 Source of support Internal colleagues External native title contacts Supervisor External non-native title contacts None Other Total respondents: Responses 41 28 25 15 5 1 57 NTRB lawyers Table F62: Value of field officers in assisting lawyers in communicating with clients – NTRB lawyers’ responses339 Value of field officers Critical Helpful Sometimes helpful Of limited help Total respondents: Responses 23 18 8 3 52 NTRB lawyers 337 See question L68 in Appendix 2. 338 See question L20 in Appendix 2. 339 See question L56 in Appendix 2. 153