Spatial decision support systems for domestic
and district solar energy generation
Nicholas Coops, Professor of Forestry and Canada Research Chair in Remote Sensing
Rory Tooke, UBC Phd student
Shawn MacLeod, Andrew Durnin, District of North Vancouver
Andreas Christen, Assistant Professor of Geography
Ronald Kellett, Professor of Landscape Architecture
Michael van der Laan, UBC MSc student
Existing Tools
A LiDAR modeling framework
• Light detection and ranging
(LiDAR)
• 1064nm wavelength
• 100,000+ pulses/second
• Multiple returns
• Fixed-wing platform
• High-resolution urban surface
characterization
• 2.5 Dimensional array
www.gilles-gachet.ch/Lidar.htm
A LiDAR modeling framework
• Combined with aerial photography
• Extraction of vegetation, building
and impervious surfaces
• Modeled Spatio-temporal variation
of solar radiation
A LiDAR modeling framework
• Combined with aerial photography
b)
a)
• Extraction of vegetation, building
and impervious surfaces
Extractedb)Building Polygonsb)
a)
s g PolygoLand
ns Parcels
Extracted Building
ed Buildin
ExtractPolygon
• Modeled Spatio-temporal variation
and
Parcelsof the
Land
extraction techniques to derive primary buildings, trees, and ground vegetation using LiDAR data
Results
gure 2.2.1:
Land Parcels
uickbird satellite imagery.
of solar radiation
Buildings
Buildings
Trees
District of North Vancouver Solar Calculator
District of North Vancouver Solar Calculator
Sunset Urban Metabolism Project
Atmosphere
Uptake
Inputs
Emissions
Outputs
Form of carbon
Carbohydrates
Carbon-dixode
Waste
Storage change
Waste
Lateral fluxes
Food
Natural gas
Gasoline
Transportation
Buildings
Human body,
food, and waste
Vegetation and soils
D USE
OW HOUSES
Sunset Urban Metabolism Project
DUPLEX
SINGLE FAMILY HOMES
DUPLEX
1966-1990
PRE 1965
POST 1990
SINGLE FAMILY HOMES
PRE 1965
PLEX
1966-1990
POST 1990
Building shape derived from LiDAR
SINGLE FAMILY HOMES
1966-1990
PRE 1965
POST 1990
• Building volume, footprint etc.
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PART II: METHODS
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Typology energy attributes
• Window, wall and roof areas
• RSI Values, Air exchange rates
• Heating system and efficiency
Sunset Urban Metabolism Project
MODEL INPUTS
Urban weather station
1 year
LiDAR
1x1m
Air and soil temperatures
Water content of soil
Solar radiation
SUBMODELS
Satellite data
Lawn extent
Leaf area
1x1m
Tree location
Leaf area
Shading
Building typologies
Building volumes
Building shell area
Census and assessment data
Parcel or DA
Population
Land-use
Employment data
Tansportation data
Arterial roads
Traffic counts
Trip diaries
Vegetation and soils
Buildings
Waste, food, and human body
Trasportation modelling
Ecosystem carbon model accounts for
soil respiration and photosynthesis of
lawns and trees.
LIDAR-informed building energy models
quantify carbon emissions in a bottom-up
approach.
Estimated waste production and human
respiration based on census data.
Top-down modelling of traffic emissions
based on splitting-up traffic counts
and trip-diaries.
MODEL OUTPUTS
SUBMODELS
Sunset Urban Metabolism Project
Vegetation and soils
Buildings
Waste, food, and human body
Trasportation modelling
Ecosystem carbon model accounts for
soil respiration and photosynthesis of
lawns and trees.
LIDAR-informed building energy models
quantify carbon emissions in a bottom-up
approach.
Estimated waste production and human
respiration based on census data.
Top-down modelling of traffic emissions
based on splitting-up traffic counts
and trip-diaries.
Maps
Per area emissions
50 x 50 m raster
Adding
Components
MODEL VALIDATION
?
?
Consumption statistics
Independent, top-down approach
of energy consumption through
natural gas and electricity
All
Flux tower data
Independent, direct measurement of
carbon emissions (2 years) on a tall
tower using the eddy-covariance approach.
MODEL OUTPUTS
SUBMODELS
Sunset Urban Metabolism Project
Vegetation and soils
Buildings
Waste, food, and human body
Trasportation modelling
Ecosystem carbon model accounts for
soil respiration and photosynthesis of
lawns and trees.
LIDAR-informed building energy models
quantify carbon emissions in a bottom-up
approach.
Estimated waste production and human
respiration based on census data.
Top-down modelling of traffic emissions
based on splitting-up traffic counts
and trip-diaries.
Maps
Per area emissions
50 x 50 m raster
-3%
43%
Adding
Components
9%
51%
MODEL VALIDATION
?
?
Consumption statistics
Independent, top-down approach
of energy consumption through
natural gas and electricity
All
5.47
kg C / m2
Flux tower data
Independent, direct measurement of
carbon emissions (2 years) on a tall
tower using the eddy-covariance approach.
Current Focus
Improvements to solar models
Other urban form patterns
Options for technology placement
Distributed generation
District energy
Automated classification of built form