UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA
GY 301: Geomorphology
Today’s Agenda
1. Contact info for D. Haywick
2. Course Outline (syllabus)
3. GY 301 (website)
4. Introduction to topographic maps
Lecture 1: Overview of course content;
Introduction to topographic maps
Dr. Doug Haywick
Dr. David Allison
Contact Information
Contact Information
Office: LSCB 049
Telephone: 460-7569
E-mail: dhaywick@jaguar1.usouthal.edu
Office Hours: see syllabus
Office: the beach
Telephone: 1-800-Corona
E-mail: see above
Office Hours: are you kidding?
Dr. David Allison
My course objectives:
1) teach you develop skills in landform recognition and interpretation
2) teach you to be able to do topographic contouring, map navigation
& topographic profiles
3) teach you fundamental surveying skills with the alidade and total
station, and mineral and rock resource calculation
4) prep you for GY 402, 403 and 480 (field school)
Supporting Materials
1. Syllabus
2. Web site (in prep)
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Syllabus
Syllabus
Weekly subject material in numbered lectures
Syllabus
Syllabus
Assessment: Percentages are fixed, but the break down of lab
assignments has not yet been decided
Weekly lab assignments
Syllabus
Assessment: Percentages are fixed, but the break down of lab
assignments has not yet been decided
Syllabus
Doug Schedule: This will NOT be a good semester
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Syllabus
Supporting Materials
Doug Schedule: This will NOT be a good semester
1. Syllabus
2. Web site
There is no text book* or lab for GY 301
Eventually, lectures and lab exercises will be available on line:
www.southalabama.edu/geology/haywick
* Dr Allison recommends a general Physical Geology textbook
Topographic Maps
Know your enemy!
Topographic Maps
Know your enemy!
• Scale
(Relational Fraction; Graphical)
http://www.nyroute30.com/maps/big_tupper_ski_resort_topo_map.jpg
Topographic Maps
Topographic Maps
Know your enemy!
Know your enemy!
• Scale (Relational Fraction; Graphical)
• Elevation contours (Relative to M.S.L)
• Scale (Relational Fraction; Graphical)
• Elevation contours (Relative to M.S.L)
• Boundary (Latitude & Longitude)
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Topographic Maps
Topographic Maps
Know your enemy!
•
•
•
•
Know your enemy!
Scale (Relational Fraction; Graphical)
Elevation contours (Relative to M.S.L)
Boundary (Latitude & Longitude)
Color (Water bodies, Woodlands, etc.)
•
•
•
•
•
Scale (Relational Fraction; Graphical)
Elevation contours (Relative to M.S.L)
Boundary (Latitude & Longitude)
Color (Water bodies, Woodlands, etc.)
Cultural Features (man-made features)
Scale
Scale
• At the bottom of the map; two types
• At the bottom of the map; two types
1) Graphical
Scale
Scale
• At the bottom of the map; two types
• Relational fraction: 1:24,000
2) Relational Fraction (RF)
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Scale
Scale
• Relational fraction: 1:24,000
• Relational fraction: 1:24,000
– 1 inch on the map = 24,000 inches in reality
– 1 inch on the map = 24,000 inches in reality
How many feet is this?
– 1 inch on the map = 24,000 inches x 1 foot/12 inches
= 2000 feet
How many miles is this?
Scale
Elevation Contours
• Contour lines (Brown)
• Relational fraction: 1:24,000
– 1 inch on the map = 24,000 inches in reality
– 1 inch on the map = 2000 feet x 1 mile/5280 ft
– 1 inch = 0.378 miles
– Based on aerial photographs
analyzed stereographically
– Must agree with benchmarks and
spot elevations
– Contour interval: elevation
change between adjacent
contours
– Hachured contours indicate
closed depressions
http://www.jesseshunting.com/images/topo-bench-saddle1.jpg
Construction of Topographic Contours
Topographic contours in 3D
• Contours of any parameter use a simple proportionality rule
• Contours should “V” in the upstream direction across valleys
(Law of the V’s-part 1).
85
x
flow
87
x
80
x
77
x
80
x
Chalk Board
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Topographic contours in 3D
Contours: can delineate geological
contacts
Topographic Map Boundaries
Topographic Map Colors
• Always consist of
lines of latitude and
longitude
• Contain tick marks
of UTM and SPCS
on the border
103 22’ 30’’
103 30’
32 15’
32 15’
7.5’ Topographic
Quadrangle border
(1:24,000)
32 7’ 30’’
103 30’
•
•
•
•
•
Brown: topographic contours
Green: Forest and/or wetlands
White:
White cleared areas (i.e. pastures, etc.)
Black: Cultural features (buildings, roads)
Red: Land office grid system (Township
& Range system); Major road systems
• Magenta: Photo-revised areas
• Blue: water bodies
32 7’ 30’’
103 22’ 30’’
Topographic Map Examples
Map Coordinate Systems
• Land Office Grid system (Township & Range)
• Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
• State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS)
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Map Coordinate Systems
Land Office Grid System
R2W R1W
R1E
6 miles
R2E
• Land Office Grid system (Township & Range)
T2N
6
1
7
12
T1N
18
13
T1S
19
24
T2S
30
25
31
36
Townships
State Capital
Ranges
http://www.geomore.com/images/extr.jpg
36 square
miles
NW
NE
SE
Legal description of location:
NE ¼ , SW ¼, section 22, T2S, R2E
Target location
Land Office Grid Example:
Upcoming Stuff
• Benchmark 212:
– NW ¼, NE ¼, sec.
36, T3S, R3W
Homework
Get supplies ready (first lab Friday)
Next Lecture:
More topographic maps, transits and pacing
Friday’s Lab:
Outside: pacing and scale exercises.
Potentially long day. Bring water, hiking boots, hat, sunscreen etc.
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