UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA
Last time we covered…
The Paleozoic Part 1
GY 112: Earth History
1)
2)
World Paleogeography
Key Tectonic events
Cambrian Explosion
Paleozoic Paleogeography
Paleozoic Tectonics (Key Events)
Period
Permian
North America
Europe
Asia/Gondwanna
Alleghenian Orogeny*
(SE)
Hercynian Orogeny
Ural Orogeny
Acadian Orogeny* (E)
Ouachita Orogeny (S)
Antler Orogeny (W)
Caledonian Orogeny
Ouachita equivalent
(South America)
Pensylvannian
Mississippian
Devonian
Silurian
Ordovician
Taconic Orogeny* (NE)
Broad deformation
(Southern Gondwanna)
Cambrian
Paleozoic Tectonics
Period
Permian
North America
Alleghenian Orogeny*
(SE)
Pensylvannian
Mississippian
Devonian
The Cambrian Explosion
A) Why a Cambrian “explosion”
B) Introducing our ancestors (recap…. kind of)
Acadian Orogeny* (E)
(web notes 23)
Silurian
Ordovician
Together, the 3 orogenies produced the
Appalachian mountains
Today’s Agenda
Taconic Orogeny* (NE)
Cambrian
1
Phanerozoic Time Frame
Paleozoic Time Frame
Era
Period
Permian
(245 to 286 MA)
Pennsylvanian
(286 to 320 MA)
Mississippian
(320 to 362 MA)
Devonian
(362 to 418 MA)
Paleozoic
Silurian
(418 to 441 MA)
Ordovician
(441 to 505 MA)
Cambrian
(505 to 550 MA)
NeoProterozoic
Ediacaran
(600 to 550 Ma)
American System
Paleozoic Time Frame
Era
Paleozoic
NeoProterozoic
Period
Informal Designation*
Permian
(245 to 286 MA)
Age of Amphibians
Pennsylvanian
(286 to 320 MA)
Age of Ferns
Mississippian
(320 to 362 MA)
Age of Trees
Paleozoic Time Frame (detail)
Permian
Age of the Fishes
Silurian
(418 to 441 MA)
Age of the Fishes
Ordovician
(441 to 505 MA)
Age of Marine
Invertebrates
Late
286-245 Ma
320-286 Ma
Early
Carb
Mississippian
Devonian
(362 to 418 MA)
Late
Early
Pennsylvanian
Late
362-320 MA
Early
Devonian
Late
418-362 Ma
Middle
Cambrian
(505 to 550 MA)
Age of Marine
Invertebrates
Ediacaran
(600 to 550 Ma)
Age of Ediacarans
American System
Paleozoic
Early
Silurian
Late
441-418 Ma
Middle
Early
Ordovician
Late
504-441 Ma
Middle
Early
Cambrian
Late
550-505 Ma
Middle
Early
The Cambrian Explosion
Not so much an explosion…
The Cambrian Explosion
Not so much an explosion…
…more of a shift…
2
The Cambrian Explosion
The Cambrian Explosion
Not so much an explosion…
…more of a shift… to hard
body parts
http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/na101/home/literatum/publisher/
The Cambrian Explosion
The Cambrian Explosion
What we know about the early
development of all of the
current phyla is limited to sites
where we have lots of beasties
preserved
http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/na101/home/literatum/publisher/
The Cambrian Explosion
The Burgess Shale
Burgess Shale Fauna
Chengjiang Fauna
What we know about the early
development of all of the
current phyla is limited to sites
where we have lots of beasties
preserved
http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/na101/home/literatum/publisher/
3
The Burgess Shale
Burgess Shale Site
The Burgess Shale
Burgess Shale Site
The Burgess Shale
The Burgess Shale
The Burgess Shale
The Burgess Shale
4
The Burgess Shale
The Burgess Shale
http://www.hao.ucar.edu/Public/models/pikaia/pikaia.gif
Pikaia gracilens (phylum: Chordata)
The Burgess Shale
The Burgess Shale
http://www.hrw.com/science/si-science/biology/animals/burgess/phallu.html
Limb
Anomalocaris canadensis
Hallucigenia sparsa
(phylum: Arthropoda?)
(Proto-Arthropod; Problematica)
(phylum: Arthropoda)
http://www.karencarr.com/Images/Gallery/2004_gallery_hallucigenia.jpg
http://www.search4dinosaurs.com/burgess_shale.jpg
The Burgess Shale
The Burgess Shale
http://www.hrw.com/science/si-science
Jaws
Anomalocaris canadensis
(phylum: Arthropoda?)
(Proto-Arthropod; Problematica)
http://www.search4dinosaurs.com/burgess_shale.jpg
http://home.earthlink.net/~airdpacoima/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/burgess__s.jpg
5
Paleozoic Lifeforms
Your Responsibilities
You are going to have to become
familiar with some of the major
fossil groups (AKA Taxonomy).
Your Responsibilities
Your Responsibilities
Know the stuff
in bold text for
the lab test
You are going to have to become
familiar with some of the major
fossil groups (AKA Taxonomy).
But, it will not be as bad as it
might first appear…
Phylum
Know the
stuff in bold
text for the lab
test
Sub-divisions
Cnidaria
Class: Anthozoa
Subclass: Zoantharia
Subclass: Tabulata
Subclass: Rugosa
Bryozoa
This chart will be
available on line
(there is no need to
write everything
down!)
Mollusca
Phylum
Porifera
Sub-divisions
Common names
Age Ranges
Class: Amphineura
Class: Scaphopoda
Class: Gastropoda
Class: Bivalvia
Class: Cephalopoda
Order: Nautiloidea
Order: Ammonoidea
Order: Belemnoidea
Order: Octopoda
chitons
tusk shells
snails
bivalves (clam shells)
Nautiloids
Ammonites
Belemnites
Octopi
Cambrian-Recent
Cambrian-Recent
Cambrian-Recent
Cambrian-Recent
Cambrian-Recent
Cambrian-Recent
Dev.-Cretaceous
Miss.-Early Tertiary
Echinodermata
Class: Asteroidea
Class: Echinoidea
Class: Crinoidea
Class: Blastoidea
Class: Cystoidea
Starfish
Urchin, biscuit, dollar
crinoids
blastoids
cystoids
Ordovician-Recent
Ordovician-Recent
Cambrian-Recent
Silurian-Permian
Cambrian-Devonian
Hemichordata
Class: Graptolithina
Order: Graptoloidea
Order: Dendroidea
graptolites
dendroids
Cambrian-M.
Ordovician-Silurian
Cambrian-M.
Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Agnatha
Class: Acanthodii
Class Placodermi
Class: Osteichthyes
Class: Chondrichthyes
Class: Amphibia
Class: Reptilia
Subclass: Anapsida
Subclass: Synapsida
Subclass: Lepidosauria
Subclass: Archosauria
Class: Aves
Class: Mammalia
(Chordates with bones)
jawless fish
Primitive jawed fish
Plated, bony jawed fish
Bony jawed fish
Sharks and rays
Amphibians
Reptiles
includes turtles
mammal-like reptiles
Lizards and snakes
dinosaurs & crocodiles
Birds
mammals
Cambrian-Recent
Silurian-Permian
Silurian-Devonian
Silurian-Recent
Devonian-Recent
Devonian-Recent
Mississippian-Recent
Mississippian-Recent
Penn.-Jurassic
Permian-Recent
Triassic-Recent
Jurassic-Recent
Triassic-Recent
Common names
Age Ranges
Sponges
Cambrian-Recent
Corals & Anemones
Scleratinian corals
Tabulate corals
Rugose (horn) corals
Triassic-Recent
Cambrian-Permian
Ordovician-Permian
Bryozoans
Ordovician-Recent
Brachiopoda
Class: Inarticulata
Class: Articulata
Inarticulate brachiopods
Articulate brachiopods
Cambrian-Recent
Cambrian-Recent
Arthropoda
Subphylum: Trilobita
Subphylum: Crustacea
Subphylum: Unirama
Class: Myriapoda
Class: Hexapoda
Class: Arachnidea
Trilobite
crabs, lobsters etc.
millipedes, centipedes
Insects
Spiders
Cambrian-Permian
Cambrian-Recent
Mississippian-Recent
Devonian-Recent
Devonian-Recent
Today’s Homework
1. Quiz 7 this Friday
2. Lecture test 2 a week from today
Next Time
1. Paleozoic Geology Part 1
6