A Comprehensive Guide to the Human Muscular System
An Honors Thesis (HONORS 499)
by
Maria Wilkinson
Thesis Advisor
Dr. John Wilkins
Ball State University
Muncie, IN
December 2009
May 2010
Abstract
One of the difficulties of studying human anatomy is that the visual appearances of
anatomical structures vary from person to person. Because of these variations, the instructors of
Anatomy 201 at Ball State University incorporate infonnation from a wide variety of sources in
hopes that students will gain the ability to recognize structures of the body regardless of whose
body they are examining. With all of these visuals coming from different sources, it can be a
daunting task to organize the infonnation in a manner that is cohesive enough to study and learn.
This book combines all the visuals Anatomy 201 students are required to know including all
pertinent models, textbook images from Saladin's Human Anatomy, and images from Revealed®
2.0, all being clearly labeled, for the human muscular system. This book will be available for
use by study room attendants, teaching assistants, and students as a reference manual to aid those
who accept the challenge of mastering the human muscular system.
Acknowledgements
-
I would like to thank Dr. John Wilkins for his time and guidance throughout the entire
process of completing this thesis. Without his support and timely assistance, I would not
have been able to complete this creative project.
-
I would also like to thank Dr. James Ruebel for his guidance and encouragement.
-
Finally, I would like to thank Stacey Sudhoff and Kyle Affolder for their advice and
technical support.
References
3D Science. 2008. 06 December 2009 <http://www.3dscience.coml3D_Models/
Human_Anatomy/Male_Systems/Male_Muscles_3.php>.
Anatomy & Physiology Revealed® 2.0: An Interactive Cadaver Dissection Experience.
CD-ROM. The University of Toledo. McGraw-Hill, 2008.
Saladin, Kenneth S. Human Anatomy. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2005.
Author's Statement
A Comprehensive Guide to the Human Muscular System
In order to be successful in the medical field, one must have an advanced knowledge of
the human anatomy. Ball State University offers a semester long course to aid in learning this
anatomy, Anatomy 201. Students enrolled in Anatomy 201 are responsible for learning and
mastering the skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, circulatory, respiratory, urinary,
digestive, and reproductive systems as well as the organs ofthe special senses; taste, smell, sight,
and hearing, in only about sixteen weeks. In addition to merely knowing the anatomical terms,
students must be able to apply their knowledge to different pictures and models. Since the
human anatomy varies from person to person, it can be expected that students would need to
know the parts in any diagram or model. Students are required to know the anatomy of the
pictmes in their textbook, a computerized dissection program called Revealed® 2.0, and the
plastic models provided in the Anatomy 201 Lab. This may seem like a daunting task to some,
and many students do not make it through the course. To help make this process easier for
students, teaching assistants, and staff, two students before me compiled a comprehensive guide
including pictures of models, textbook pictures, and pictures from the computerized dissection to
all the body systems except for the muscular system and the skeletal system. My goal with this
proj ect was to continue their work by completing a comprehensive guide to the muscular system
including all 99 muscle groups anatomy students need to know and the muscle histology that
accompany the muscles.
Upon graduation at Ball State University, I plan to attend nursing school to obtain my
Bachelors of Science in Nursing. I hope to be a registered nurse working in the emergency
room. Because of my interest in the medical field, I also have an interest in the human body how it works and which parts comprise it. In doing this project, I was able to remind myself of
the muscles I learned a year ago when I took Anatomy 201. I will also be able to use this guide
in the future whenever I need refreshed on the muscles of the human body.
Maria C. Wilkinson
roF",·n..ansive Guide to the Human Muscular System
An Honors Thesis (HONRS 499)
Maria C. Wilkinson
Jt6I4j
Thesis Advisor: Dr. John Wilkins
•
Ball State University
Muncie, Indiana
December 2009
Graduation: May 2010
Abstract
One of the difficulties of studying human anatomy is that the
visual appearance of anatomical structures vary from person to
person. Because of these variations, the instructors of Anatomy
201 at Ball State University incorporate information from a wide
variety of sources in hopes that students will gain the ability to
recognize structures of t he body regardless of whose body they
are examining. With all of these visuals coming from different
sources, it can be a daunting task to organize the information in
a manner that is cohesive enough to study and learn. This book
combines all the visuals Anatomy 201 students are required
to know including all pertinent models, textbook im ages from
Saladin's Human Anatomy, and images from Revealed- 2.0, all
being clearly labeled, for the human muscular system. This book
will be available for use by study room attendant s, teaching
assistants, and students as a reference manual to aid those who
accept the challenge of mastering the human muscular system.
\1 '.11' . ,
ii,
--
-
--
-
.
--
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
Acknowled
~----
-
-
ents
I would like to thank Dr. John Wilkins for his time and guidance
throughout the entire process of completing this thesis. Without
his support and timely assistance, I would not have been able to
complete this creative project.
I would also like to thank Dr. James Ruebel for his guidance and
encouragement.
Finally, I would like to thank Stacey Sudhoff and Kyle Affolder for
their advice and technical support.
-
.. I.'
',,'.' •.•.••.•
1\'
-
Table of Contents
Cover Page ......................,.....................................i
Abstract ...............................................................111
Acknowledgements .........................................v
Table of Contents ............................................vii
Muscle Histology
1
Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Thorax
3
Muscles of the Upper Extremity
17
Muscles of the Lower Extremity
29
" ' "",· 1di
Muscle Histolo
-.
HK!OIOaY
II
D
A
G
A-Periosteum
B-Tendon
C-Fascia
., I"
-
,-"mpr('ht'II)'vt' Cu,d .. 1,1 Ihl'
Mu ... u l,,, S'r"I"nI
lilli'"".
D-Epimysium
E-Fascicle
F-Perimysium
G-Muscle Fiber
H-Endomysium
Muscles of the Head Neck and Thorax
••
,~
,
" , '"
"
..
I'.
'.
,1.,
Al------
E
A-Epicranius
1. Occipitalis
2. Frontalis
B-Obicularis Oculi
C-Buccinator
-t
I
~'\'II'!JH,"h~fl"IIt':,11.1fl'l·"I'
1,1..." """""ff'
Ilum,lIl MII-',
D-Obicularis Oris
E-Zygomaticus Major & Minor
F-Platysma
F
A-Epicranius
1. Occipitalis
2. Frontalis
B-Obicularis Oculi
C-Buccinator
D-Obicularis Oris
E-Zygomaticus Major & Minor
F-Platysma
".j'. \.-'..
1
t'
I ,' . . . . ' ..
;. Ill.' p.
r ..
15
B
D
A -LateraJ Pterygoid
B-MediaJ Pterygoid
C-Temporalis
D-Masseter
(I
A
I
~ .'nlpr .. Ii!!II~(y'~ Glllfl(' In 111f'
lI"m,,,' Mu\u,I.1r "Y'oll""
A
c
A "'""""'==:---------,
c
- - - - - -B
~__P-----D
~~~--~---,---F
F
E
A
H
A-Diagastric
B-Stylohyoid
C-Mylohyoid
D-Stemohyoid
E-Omohyoid
F -Thyrohyo id
G-Sternothyroid
H-Stemocleidomastiod
c
D
X
".
I
A-Diagastric
B-Stylohyoid
C-Mylohyoid
D-Stemohyoid
j"II'i""· llJ ·!,,,'.'(" dilih' I·, Ilh'
1'1 MI,""'! "I,l l "'\-"1111
'hlln
E-Omohyoid
F-Thyrohyoid
G-Stemotbyroid
H-Sternocleidomastiod
A
B
C
A
F
F
G
G
A-Diagastric
B-Stylohyoid
C-Mylobyoid
D-Stemohyoid
E-Omohyoid
F-Thyrohyoid
G-Stemothyroid
H-Stemocleidomastiod
',1,
'"
' " , ,I, -', ''''', .",:
-'-I!" II}
D
A-Trapezius
B-Rhomboideus minor
C-Rhomboideus major
D-Levator Scapulae
E-Splenius Capitis
F-Latissimus Dorsi
G-Erector Spinae
I
01
,~, ~
I
""ll,.III·"
,IVI-' .. lIIh
H"lI l fI\M.h ul.1I """ .. f,·11I
rll
Ihp
c
A-Trapezius
B-Rhomboideus minor
C-Rhomboideus major
D-Levator Scapulae
E-Splerrius Capitis
F-Latissimus Dorsi
G-Erector Spinae
\1,
I..
" , ",
','"",1,1,
,,,I"
A-Diaphragm
B-External Intercostals
C-Internallntercostals
1'1,\
-
~,\mprooJ"'''''VI' (',IIN' In till'
J lUI,,,,,, 1,111" ,,1.lI 'iy\!rnt
A-Diaphragm
B-External Intercostals
C-Intemal Intercostals
',1 ". I.·
•• '". 'h' W.
''''/~ .• r,,'
II. •· ••
I tJ
A-Pectoralis Major
B-Pectoralis Minor
C-Serratus Anterior
'-II
A ,-.l"'I''',I''oj'~r,,' (."",.. ,,, lit..
Hum.... Mu...: "I.,. ~V" l l'''1
D
B --~r--
1\.-Rectus Abdominis
B-External Oblique
C-IntemalOblique
D-Transversus Abdominis
,\
•
• " ,. ", ·.H 1•••••• , • III ' 'h ' I '
II :'
Muscles of the U
er Extremit
•••. " ',., ._,11',.. "1';'- l ,\','11\,\\
II 7
- --;.- B
\
Spine of
Scapula
I;.
IX
I
B-Supraspinatus
C-Infraspinatus
D- Teres Minor
E-Teres Major
F-Sub
lans
~'·"'IJI,.'''''''iVI' (",1.140 h'tllt"
IHlrn~n
PlIl"""t;), "y-.lpm
B
A-Deltiod
B-Supraspinatus
C-lnfraspinatus
D-Teres Minor
E-Teres Maj or
F-Subscapularis
D3
D2
A-Coracobrachialis
B-Biceps Brachii
1. short head
2. long head
C-Brachlalis
D-Triceps Brachii
1. long head
2. lateral head
3. medial head
I
)1) A'::(I",preh~ulYe Gul~ t(l tile
~
Human Musculal SV!ilem
D2
A -Coracobrachialis
B-Biceps Brachii
1. short head
2. long head
C-Brachialis
D-Triceps Brachii
1. long head
2. lateral head
3. medial head
•
•
A-Concobntchiali.
B_Bicqlll.hohH
]. ,1Iort Miod
2. 10I1JI held
C_Rrw;hiali,
[).1riups SIKhii
I. lana held
2. lalel1ll hbd
J. mN ..1held
A-Anconeus
B-Brachioradialis
C-Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
D-Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
E-Supinator
F-Abductor Pollicis Longus
G-Extensor Pollicis Brevis
H-Extensor Digitorum
I-Extensor Digiti Minimi
K -Extensor
Ulnaris
\1 . . ,
'.,
' .... ,. '"",,",
123
B
D
K
c
J
A-Anconeus
8-Brachi oradialis
C-Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus
D-Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
E-Supinator
F-Abductor Pollicis Longus
G-Extensor Pollicis Brevis
H-Extensor Digitorum
J-Extensor Digiti Minimi
K-Extensor Carpi Ulnads
.., i\
.....
I
A Comptt'ht·n\!vt· c.ultJ ... 10 II,..
Hum.m M I I!><'II.lr~vsl .. m
B
c
A-Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
B-Flexor Digitorum Profundus
C-Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
D-Palmaris Longus
E-Flexor Carpi Radialis
F-Pronator Teres
'-
,.
I , -,,,
'I: ". 1 " ....,,,:,
12:;
A-Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
B-Flexor Digitorum Profundus
C-Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
-.(I
A ll'rnpr('hen\IY~ GlIIlii' 10 th ..
- l
IhilTl"" MlIlol \lldr SV'ih'l1I
D-Palmaris Longus
E-Flexor Carpi Radialis
F-Pronator Teres
E
D
A
A-Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
B-Flexor Digitorum Profundus
C-FJexor Digitorum Superficialis
D-Palmans Longus
E-Flexor Carpi Radialis
F-Pronator Teres
,
" " . ' : ".' "'I"'!
,!.~<n.\.,
127
Muscles of the Lower Extremit
A
c
A-Gluteus Maximus
B-Gluteus Medius
~Il l ..\ L(l/III""h.·,,'I.l\" \.u"l0· I,) .1...
.
"I,m,,,, MlI'oI "I~r ~',"'!f'm
c- Tensor Fascia Latae
D-Pirifonnis
Al
B
I
A2
A-Biceps Femoris
1. long head
2. short head
B-Semitendinosus
C-Semimembranosus
M"" ',", '1 I,,,·, ,',\t" / .tr.'f1.IIV
I .~ I
A-Biceps Femoris
I. long head
2. short head
B-Senlitendinosus
C-SeDlllnembranosus
"' "1
.) -
I
AC""'i"··')oI'j'''-I\ ... "j~'llt .... ,tt ...
~llIfNI!' M" ..... ,,\" ~"I(·fTl
A
B
C2
C3
Cl
A-Iliopsoas
B-Sartorius
C-Quadriceps Femoris
1. vastus medialis
2. rectus femoris
3. vastus lateralis
4. vastus intennedi us
\1".1,.,
I :1., 1.•. • .. ,'011,·'" h
1.\3
B
D ......-
D
A-Gracilis
t.: 'k~l! rll th~
""'~' ·tt,f ~ .. ..,. 11
. II "" { IttPh.·r,.ott·\I\ I'
-' -
Illirn ."
B-Pectineus
C-Adductor Longus
D-Adductor Magnus
B
A -Gastrocnemius
B-Soleus
C-Popliteus
D-Tibialis Posterior
E-Flexor Hallicis Longus
F-Flexor Digitorum Longus
c
D
A
E
B
F
A-Gastrocnemius
B-Soleus
C-Popl iteus
D-Tibialis Posterior
E-Flexor Hallicis Longus
F-Flexor Digitorum Long\
E
E
H,I
G
F
G
F
E-Tibialis Anterior
F -Extensor HalJicis Longus
G-Extensor Digitorum Longus
H-Fibularis Longus
(Peroneus Longus)
I-Fibularis Brevis
(peroneus Brevis)