CONTENTS
Page
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Junipero Serra Peak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
ChewsRidge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
PineRidge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
San Benito Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Sampling Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
Flora of the Study Peaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix
10
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
..
Distribution of Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plants of the Study Peaks
13
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
.
THE AUTHOR
JAMES R. GRIFFIN was formerly a plant ecologist on the Station's
silvicultural research staff headquartered at Redding, California. He
earned bachelor's (1952) and master's degrees (1958) in forestry and a
doctorate (1962) in botany at the University of California, Berkeley.
He joined the Forest Service in 1962. He assumed his present position
in 1967 as associate research ecologist, Hastings Natural History Reservation, University of California, Carmel Valley.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Help in identifying problem plants was generously provided by
Loran C. Anderson (Kansas State University), Lincoln Constance,
Lauramay T. Dempster, and Pamela Yorks (University of California,
Berkeley), Frank G. Hawksworth (Rocky Mountain Forest and Range
Experiment Station), Marion Ownbey (Washington State University),
Peter H. Raven (Missouri Botanical Garden) and James L. Reveal
(University of Maryland). John Thomas Howell (California Academy of
Sciences) and Lawrence R. Heckard (University of California, Berkeley)
helped with several plant groups and provided much encouragement.
Voucher specimens of the interesting or difficult plants were deposited
in the Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley, or with the
specialists listed above. Margaret Campbell supplied historical material
from the California Academy of Sciences archives.
SUMMARY
Griffin, James R.
1975. Plants of the highest Santa Lucia and Diablo Range peaks,
California. USDA Forest Sew. Res. Paper PSW-110, 50 p., illus.
Pacific Soutl~westForest and Range Exp. Stn., Berkeley, Calif.
Oxford: 188x455. [-(794) (23)]
Rehieval Terms: plant communities; montane disjuncts; elevational
distributions; Ventana Wilderness Area; Santa Lucia Range (California);
Diablo Range (California); California.
i
As the first phase of a broader vegetational study,
a search for vascular plants was made on six of the
highest ridges in the south Coast Ranges of California.
The survey covered five prominent peaks in the Santa
Lucia Range, Monterey County, and the tallest mountain unit in the Diablo Range, San Benito and Fresno
Counties. These peaks, which support depauperate
scraps of conifer forest are distant from montane
regions with well-developed mixed conifer forest. A
major purpose of the survey was to document the
distribution of montane disjuncts on these lower elevation coastal peaks.
No detailed vegetational studies have been made
on these summits, but the history of plant collecting
and the relevant floristic literature were reviewed.
This collection emphasized the disjunct conifer
forests, but all types of habitats above t l ~ e1200meter (3937-foot) level were searched. Only vascular
plants growing above this elevation on at least one of
the six peaks are included in this report. The relative
abundance of evely species is tabulated within three
elevational zones for each peak. Notes provide information about each species (including important varieties and subspecies) on life form, plant community
preferences, ecological characteristics, and taxonomic
problems.
A total of 449 species were noticed above 1200 m.
The relatively low proportion of introduced species
on each peak ranged from 3 to 9 percent, witl~very
few introduced species in the dense forest stands.
Most species had broad elevational ranges, and only 5
of 13 montane forest disjuncts seemed to be confined
to areas above 1200 m: Chimaphila menziesii, Cycladenia humilis, Holodiscus microphyllus, Raillardella
(muirii ?) and Sanicula graveolens.
Chews Ridge had the most plants. Of the 267
native species above 1200 m noted there, 26 were not
seen on any of the other peaks. Forty-three species
which were absent from the Santa Lucia Range peaks
grew on San Benito Mountain. This more interior
mountain has the driest climate of the study peaks
and much highly serpentinized soil lacking on the
other peaks. Six Santa Lucia Range endemics grew on
the Santa Lucia peaks, and four Diablo Range endemics were in the San Benito Mountain region.
Eight species of limited distribution are recognized
by the California Native Plant Society as rare and
endangered plants: Cnmissonia benitensis, Fritillaria
falcata, Galium californicum ssp. luciense, Galium
clementis, Layia discoidea, Lupinus cervinus, Monardella benitensis, and Raillardella (muirii?.) The Fritillaria has not been reported from its type locality on
San Benito Mountain since its original discovery. This
plant may be extinct on San Benito Mountain but
surviving in one other Diablo Range locality.
i
i------
119"
Figure l-Distribution of montane areasabove 1200 m (3937f t ) elevation
in central California, and the relative locality of the six study peaks.
P
lants on the Santa Lucia and Diablo Ranges of
central California have received much taxonomic attention. Professional botanists started collecting along the primitive roads in 1830, and the
more accessible spots have remained popular with
plant collectors ever since. In recent decades, monographic studies on many genera have included a host
of specimens from these mountains. The fund of
geographic and ecological information, however, is
still limited. Except for the most conspicuous trees,
even general distributions for particular plants on
specific peaks are poorly known.
This floristic survey is the initial step in a vegetation study that emphasizes the role of "montane
disjunctsm-plants that are widely distributed in distant mountain regions, but have only isolated populations on these Coast Range peaks.
The summary of field observations and review of
the literature and herbarium records is limited to
higher elevations. Six geographically isolated and ecologically important peaks were selected. I confined
the intensive search for plants to levels above the
1200-in (3937-ft) elevation. Separate records were
kept on species growing between 1200 m and 1400 m
(4593 ft) and tl~osecontinuing above 1400 m. When
plants present above 1200 m were noticed at lower
elevations, they were also recorded. But data on spe-
cies extensions below 1200 m are less complete.
The elevational orientation of the survey was
prompted by the vegetation study. For a careful
analysis of how the montane disjuncts fit into the
local vegetation, it was desirable to have as much data
as possible on elevational distributions. Although arbitrarily chosen, the 1200-m limit has some ecological
merit. In practical terms, this lower limit eliminated
much of the grassland, foothill woodland, and redwood forest floras-reducing the survey to a manageable size.
This paper reports the presence-or probable absence-of vascular plants on each of the study peaks.
Plants listed in the literature, but which I could not
find in the field, are also included. Elevational distributions for all species are suggested. To make the
report more helpful to a diversity of users, individual
species notes provide information on size, life form,
plant community preferences, and other ecological
features. Obvious taxonomic problems are summarized.
The scientific names follow Munz (1959,1968) or
later monographs. These are essentially the same
names used by Howitt and Howell (1964, 1973).
Common names were adapted from central California
references: Little (1953) for all trees; Howitt and
Howell (1964, 1973), Thomas (1961), and Twisselmann (1967) for most herbs and shrubs.
STUDY PEAKS
The northwestern Santa Lucia Range and the
southeastern Diablo Range contain the most significant ridges above 1200-m elevation in the south Coast
Ranges OTig. I ) . These two mountain units, with
scraps of coniferous forest on tllem , are far removed
from the montane regions that support well-developed mixed conifer forest. The Santa Lucia and
Diablo areas lie more than 320 km (200 miles) south
of the sizable high ridges in the north Coast Ranges of
Lake County. Botl~areas are more than 150 km
(90 miles) north of the 1200 m high ridges of the
Sierra Madre in Santa Barbara County. Forested
slopes of the Sierra Nevada are about 130 km (80
miles) east of tile Diablo Range across the San Joaquin Valley. The Santa Lucia Range in Monterey
County has a number of peaks exceeding 1200m.
Five of the most prominent ridges were selected for
study fig. 2, table I). All these study peaks are
within the Monterey Ranger District, Los PaGres National Forest. Geographic isolation between the peaks
is minor; yet there are distinct climatic, floristic, and
vegetational differences between them.
cone Peak
An outstanding characteristic of Cone Peak is its
dramatic proximity to the Pacific Ocean (fig.I , table
I). Few spots in North America can boast of a mountain this tall so close t o the coast. The geology includes exposures of ancient Pre-Cambrian rocks (table
1). Another attraction is the old-growth sugar pine
forest along with many fine bristlecone fir colonies.
The presence of these pines and firs may have
prompted the officials at San Antonio Mission to
send visiting European botanists there. In any case,
Cone Peak did gain an interesting historical heritage
with visits by David Douglas in March 1831 (Hooker
1836), Thomas Coulter in 1832 or 1833 (Coville
1895, Don 1837), Karl Theodor Hartweg in September 1847 (Hartweg 1848), and William Lobb in 1849
(Ewan 1973, Veitch 1900). Unfortunately, Douglas
lost his valuable field notes in the Eraser River, and
Coulter's notes seemed to have disan~earedin Great
Britain. No direct record of their work on Cone Peak
is available except for several letters and their herbarium specimens.
Alice Eastwood was probably the first "California" botanist to collect on Cone Peak. In June 1893,
she hiked from the Kirk Ranch (Sec. 35, T. 21S, R.
5E) t o the Dani Ranch (Sec. 9, T. 22S, R. 4E),
crossing the Cone Peak study area somewhere near
the summit of the present Gamboa trail (Eastwood
nld). In her reminiscences of this trip, she mentioned
sugar pine on the ridge. Eastwood (1897) later alluded to this Cone Peak population as "the only
grove of Pinus Lambertiana now left in these mountains." Unfortunately, her original notes and specimens were lost in the 1906 San Francisco fire.
Willis L. Jepson crossed the ridge north of Cone
Peak in June 1901, and his interesting field notes are
Figure Z-Location of five study peaks in relation to the 1200 m (3937 f t l
elevation in the northwestern Santa Lucia Range. Monterey County, California.
These peaks are covered on the Chwvs Ridge. Cone Peak. Juniper0 Serra Peak.
Lopez Point, and Ventana Cones 75-minute U S . Geological Survey quadrangles.
A.
Table I - P ~ i o g r a p h i c and geologic information about fhe study peaks, Santa Lucin and Dioblo Ranges,
California
i
Distance
ocean
Max~mum
elevation
Contiguous
area above
1200 m
Cone Peak
5.3
1571
2000
Ventnna Double
Cone
9.8
1479
450
Junipera Serra
Peak
17.7
1787
2200
Mesozoic granitics, Pre-Cretaceous
schist (1)
Chews Ridge
18.8
1538
2600
Pie-Cretaceous schist, very small
ultrabasic outcrops, Miocene
sandstone (1,7)
Pine R i d ~ e
11.7
1513
1100
Mesozoic granitics, Pre-Cretaceous
schist, Mesozoic ultrabasic
"Iherzolite" with minor serpentlnization (1,3,6,7)
San Benito Mtn.
85
1597
10000
Predominant
rock typesi
Pro-Cretaceous schist, some limestone
outcrops, Cretaceous sandstone
(1,2,4,5,13)
Mesozoic yanitics (1,3,6,7)
Mesozoic ultrabasics with much
highly sheared serpentine
(8.9.10.11.12)
' Sources are noted as fallows:
1. Hart (1966)
2. Reiche (1937)
3. Wiebe (l970a)
4. Wiebe (1970b)
5. Wyatt (1973)
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Pearson and others (1967)
Fiedler (1944)
Forstner (1903)
Eckel and Myer (1946)
Walker and Griggs (1953)
still available (Jepson nld). He went from t l ~ eAvila
Ranch (near Kirk's) to Dani's, probably on the same
trail that Eastwood used. Jepson thought that this
ridge must have been the point at which David Douglas first found sugar pine and bristlecone fir. Joseph
Burtt-Davy also visited Cone Peak in June 1901.
The study area on Cone Peak included "Twin
Peak" and "High Square Peak." "Arroyo Hondo" and
"Big Creek" were names used in early notes on the
area north of Cone Peak. They probably refer to the
south fork of Devils Canyon on contemporary maps.
Ventana Double Cone
This peak in the Ventana Wilderness Area is characterized by extremely steep and rocky slopes. Ventana Double Cone was far too remote to attract early
collectors. In 1901, Joseph Burtt-Davy collected in
the Little Sur drainage and on "Ventana Cone," but
he probably was not on the summit. A 1918 U. S.
Forest Service map of the district still did not show a
trail anywhere near the mountain. A 21-km (13-mile)
11. Coleman (1957)
12. Coleman (1961)
13. Compton (1966)
hike is now required to reach the summit, and the
main ridge has a single access trail with few spots
where the traveler is tempted t o leave the beaten
path. This region remains one of the least botanically
explored spots in the Santa Lucias.
Although somewhat further inland, Ventana
Double Cone has floristic similarities with Cone Peak.
Both share many. rock outcrops and talus slope species. Ventana Double Cone is too roclo/ to have any
well developed forest communities. The peak does
support large numbers of scattered bristlecone firs.
There is virtually no grassland on this ridge above
1200 m.
Junipero Serra Peak
Good astronomical observing conditions were an
early attraction to Junipero Serra Peak (formerly
called Santa Lucia Peak). Astronomers scratched a
trail to the summit in January 1880 to 0bsewe a total
eclipse of the sun (Davidson 1882). Eastwood (nld)
claimed that observations from the peak were also
made on the transit of Venus in 1882. Interest in
building an observatory on the summit continues to
this day (Walker 1970).
In June 1893, Eastwood (n/d) climbed the "astronomer's trail" to what she described as the "top."
Curiously, she did not mention the sugar pine forest
on the summit in her reminiscences. In her note on
Santa Lucia Range conifers, Eastwood (1897) stated
that "Pinus Lambertiana is said to have been abundant formerly on the slopes of Santa Lucia Pealc, and
a few trees are yet left." For someone who claimed to
have been on the summit, her statement is rather
unsatisfactory. She also suggested that much timber
was removed from "Santa Lucia Peak" for construction of Mission San Antonio (Eastwood 1897). I can
find no basis for her claim.
William R. Dudley apparently collected plants on
the mountain in May 1895. The unlogged sugar pine
forest on Junipero Serra Peak was mentioned by
Plummer and Goswell.' They did allude to some
cutting of incense-cedars near the base of the peak,
but gave no details. Jepson (n/d) visited the peak in
September 1911.
Although by far the tallest of the Santa Lucia
Range peaks, Junipero Serra Peak appears to have a
drier climate than the others. No long-term weather
data are available. Walker (1970), an astronomer who
spent several seasons on the summit, measured 51 cm
(19.9 inches) of rain plus 93 cm (36.6 inches) of
snow during the 1965-66 season. In adjacent regions
this was an "average" season. In the wet 1966-67
season he measured 100 cm (39.4 inches) of rain plus
304 cm (1 19.7 inches) of snow.
It is a steep hike of 10 km (6 miles) up to the
summit. The traveler may wander around easily
enough in t l ~ epine forest on top of the mountain, bitt
the steep sides of the peak with dense chaparral
discourage much collecting away from the trail. A
vast area on the northern face of the mountain has
not been botanically explored. The only "unmapped"
spot on Hart's (1966) Monterey County geology map
was in this region.
The large Pinyon Peak ridge just east of Junipero
Serra Peak was not included in my survey. Pinyon
Peak appears to be even drier than Junipero Serra
Peak and has a rather limited selection of montane
species.
Chews Ridge
Wiiam Brewer climbed the lower slopes of Chews
Ridge in May 1861 (Brewer 1930). By 1890 Tassajara
Hot Springs was accessible by road, and a few botanists stopped on the summit of Chews Ridge on their
way down to the resort; e.g., A. D. E. Elmer in June
1901 and William R. Dudley in June 1911. Chews
Ridge is now the only high peak in the Santa Lucia
Range with a public ioad crossing the summit. Numerous collectors have been on the mountain in recent ymrs.
Chews Ridge and the contiguous Miller Ridge have
highly developed hardwood forest and mixed oakCoulter pine communities in protected spots. One
unique feature of this peak is the extensive savanna
with large valley oaks (Griffin 1975). Chews Ridge is
the only study peak with clear evidence of Indian
activity on the summit. There are some bedrock mortars for grinding acorns in the savanna. Chews Ridge
also has far more patches of open grassland or potreros than the other study peaks. A series of tiny
ultrabasic outcrops on Chews Ridge provide habitat
for several xeric species, but they support no real
"serpentine" flora.
The Hastings Natural History Reservation of the
University of California lies at the northern base of
Chews Ridge. Intensive plant collecting has been conducted in this vicinity since 1937 (Griffin 1974b).
The Hastings collections make the record of Chews
Ridge plants growing below 1200 m more complete
than for the other study peaks.
Pine Ridge
Pine Ridge lies within the Ventana Wilderness
Area, some 13 km (8 miles) from Chews Ridge by
trail. The trail has been used for along time, but Pine'
Ridge still has received little botanical attention. This
peak has the only extensive old-growth ponderosa
pine forest above 1200 m in the Sania Lucia Range.
The 80-ha (200-acre) ultrabasic plug that outcrops
on Pine Ridge provides an interesting "serpentine"
habitat (table I). This ultrabasic mass, however, is
much less serpentinized than that on San Benito
Mountain.
A group of marshy springs near Pine Ridge Camp
adds a number of riparian species to the flora of this
peak.
San Benito Mountain
'Slome, N. H. 1914. Resources and plan of operatioion of
Monterqv Natio,tal F O E S ~ . (Unpublished report on file, LOS
Padres National Forest, King City, Calif.)
Within the Diablo Range the highest mountain
unit centers on the Sari Benit0 Mo.untain-Santa Rita
Peak portion of San Benito and Fresno Counties (fig.
Figure 3-Distribution of area above the 1200 m (3937ftl elevation in the San
Benito Mountain study area of San Benito and Fresna Counties. This peak is
covered on the ldria. San Benito Mountain, and Santa Rita Peak 7.5-minute U.S.
Geological Sutvey quadrangles.
i
3). Most of this ridge is now administered by the
Folsom District, U. S. Bureau of Land Management
(Griffin 1974a). Between 1907 and 1916, however,
this region was managed by the U. S. Forest Service
as part of the Monterey National Forest.'
Much of the past and present interest in the region
stems from its extreme mineralization (table I). The
study area included the upper portion of a highly
sheared and altered ultrabasic plug which is some 22
km (14 miles) long and 6 km (4 miles) wide. The
strange-looking landscape has huge patches of completely bare, "slickentite" serpentine.
In 1853, Mexican prospectors located the Aurora
and New Idria mines here. Commercial exploitation
of the New Idria mine came quickly, and it became
the second most productive mercury producer in
North America. The entire region has been intensely
prospected for mercury, chromite, and-most recently-asbestos.
Forest habitats are less productive on San Benito
Mountain than on any of the Santa Lucia peaks. In
addition to the sterile serpentine soil, San Benito
Mountain has a drier climate-perhaps half the precip2~lummer,Fred C., and M. G. Gowsell. 1905. Foresf COIZdirions in the Monrerey Forest Reserve, Califorzia. Unpublished report on liie, Los Padres National Forest, Goleta,
Calif.)
itation of the driest Santa Lucia Range peak. Yet
despite the lower rainfall, permanently flowing creeks
are more obvious near the 1200-m level on San
Benito Mountain than in the Santa Lucias.
William Brewer visited the mines and collected
plants on San Benito Mountain in July 1861 (Brewer
n/d, 1930). Much of my study area on the mountain
was within the upper "San Carlos" region of Brewer's
notes. Eastwood (nld) collected plants between Hernandez and New Idria in May 1898, and William R.
Dudley was in the area in late May 1899. Laura
Lathrop, a student of Dudley's, collected extensively
in the area in 1902-1903 (Elmer 1906). Jepson (nld)
crossed San Benito Mountain in May 1907, and his
notes vividly portray the barren serpentine patches
and the effect that logging for mine timbers had on
the forest:
The trees spoken of above are about 12 to 20 to the
acre where there is stand. Great areas on the summits
and ridge slopes are as barren as one's hand, not even
herbaceous vegetation. These characteristic spots are
rotting sliding shale rack . . The trees have been
logged clean for the mines, even the Cinch stuff taken
for logging.
.
In recent times the main botanical activity in the
regi0n has been by those looking for
endemic plant species, or by others interested in the
hybridization of Jeffrey and Coulter pines.
SAMPLING METHODS
In my floristic survey, the forest communitiesparticularly t l ~ e conifer stands-received the most
attention. But I did collect in all types of vegetation
and specialized habitats (table 2). Essentially all roads
and trails above 1200-m elevation on each peak were
visited. Tile more critical areas were sampled at several seasons during 2 different years. I left the trail
system whenever topography and vegetation conditions pennitted. Notes were taken on study peak
species down to the 600-m (1968-foot) level. Elevations were determined wit11 barometric altimeter and
topographic maps.
Numerous trips were made to the Santa Lucia
peaks between 1972 and 1974. Probably I visited the
largest proportion of the landscape on Chews Ridge.
On Pine Ridge the study area included South Ventana
Cone, but the dense chaparral prevented sampling on
the main summit. Ventana Double Cone received the
fewest visits.
Tally (1974) also collected on the Santa Lucia
study peaks, and the material he gave me contributed
significantly to this survey. His collections on Ventana Double Cone were especially helpful.
In t l ~ eSan Benito Mountain region, my trips were
scattered from 1971 until 1974. Here the area above
1200 m was too large to cover in detail even though
the topography was more favorable than in the Santa
Lucias. My greatest efforts were spent in and around
the 600-ha (1500-acre) San Benito Mountain Natural
Area which the U.S. Bureau of Land Manaeement has
established on the main ridge (fig. 3). The limited
areas of high-elevation nonserpentine soil in the San
Benito Mountain study area were not accessible, and
tlle San Benito Mountain collections above 1200 m
were essentially all on serpentine. Spanish Lake @g.
3), a large serpentine vernal pool, added several speu
cies to the San Benito flora, but sampling of the
aquatic species in this pond was not complete.
Table 2-Conspicuous vegetation types and specialized habitats 011 tlle study,peaks, Santa Lucia and Dinblo Ranges,
California
Mixed Evergeen Forest
Hardwood phases:
Lithocarpus densiflorus dominant
Quercus cl~rysolepisdominant
Mixed phase:
Quercus chrysolepis, Arbutus menziesii, Pirtus coulteri
Coniferous Forest
(may have understory o f Mixed Evergreen Forest)
Nonserpentine phases:
Pinus lnmbertiana dominant
Pinus ponderosa dominant
Serpentine phases:
Pinus ponderosa, P. coulteri, Libocedrus decutrens
Libocedrus decutrens, P. coulteri, P. feffreyi
Savanna
Grassland with scattered Quercus lobata and Pinus
coulteri
Potre10
Welldefined patches o f open grassland within the Mixed
Evergreen Forest
Cllaparral
Mixed phase:
Arctostapl~ylosglondulosa, Quercus wislizenii prominent
Chamise phase:
Adenostoma fasciculatum dominant
Serpentine phase:
prominent
Quercus durata, Arctosrap~~yIosglauca
-.=
nj,,9r;,,m
M3,,;,3+e
.-v.-.-
Permanent creeks, permanent spnngs, seasonal seeps, vernal lakes
Habifats
Outcrops, talus slopes, serpentine bald spots
FLORA OF THE STUDY PEAKS
The study peaks cover a large area with diverse
geology and topography, but they support only a
modest number of plant species. On all six peaks I
noticed only 421 native and 28 introduced species
above 1200 m. These numbers may be compared w i t l ~
465 native and 127 introduced species collected on
the small 781-ha Hastings Reservation below Chews
Ridge (Griffrn 1974b).
Of t l ~ e421 native species above 1200 m, only 297
species apparently extend above 1400 m. Many of
these species above 1400 m are rare or unimportant
in the vegetation. Table 3 lists the number of species
in several elevational groupings on each peak. The
large number on Chews Ridge reflects a wide range of
habitats, including the species-rich potreros. The
more intensive sampling on this peak also influenced
the number. The small number of species on Ventana
Double Cone is largely the result of the steep, rocky
nature of the entire summit and the lack of grassland.
Additional visits would add to the list, but the peak
would continue to have the fewest species.
Few species are confined to the ridgetops. In the
[
I
1
Santa Lucias the montane disjuncts Chimaphila menziesii, Cycladenia humilis, Holodiscus microphyllus,
Raillardella (muirii ?), and Sanicula graveolens seem
to have no significant populations below 1200 m.
Most of the other montane forest disjuncts have
broad elevational ranges. A few montane disjuncts in
the Santa Lucias are found only below 1200 m. For
example, the only colony of Cornus nuttallii is well
below the study area on the east base of Cone Peak.
Although a large number of endemic plants are
scattered about the south Coast Ranges, only a relatively few appear on the study peaks above 1200 m.
Six Santa Lucia Range endemics which have substantial populations on the study peaks are: Abies bracteata, Arctostaphylos hooveri, Galium californicum
spp. luciense, Galium clementis, Lupinus abramsii,
and Lupinus cervinus. Some other Santa Lucia Range
endemics such as Chorizanthe vortriedei probably
have a few plants above 1200 m, but I did not fmd
them.
Four Diablo Range endemics on San Benito Mountain are: Camissonia benitensis, Fritillaria falcata,
Layia discoidea, and Monardella benitensis.
The flora of San Benito Mountain had a greater
overlap with that of the Santa Lucia peaks than
anticipated. San Benito Mountain had only 43 species
that were not found above 1200 m on the Santa
Lucia peaks. At least 1 0 of these species occur in th6
Santa Lucias at lower elevations. Some 50 of the
more "mesic" plants of the Santa Lucia peaks seem
to be absent from the southern Diablo Range, e.g.,
Acer macrophyllum and Alnus rhombifolia But addi-
tional exploring on nonserpentine habitats above
1200 m in the Diablo Range would probably locate a
few of these species.
The percentage of introduced species on these
peaks seems to be relatively small (table 3). The
majority of exotic plants are either trailside weeds or
part of the grassland communities. One of the few
introduced herbs appearing in the stable forest understory is Galium aparine.
Eight of the species on the study peaks have such a
small total range that the California Native Plant
Society (Powell 1974) and the Smithsonian Institution recognized them as rare and endangered plants:
Galium clementis, Galium califomicum spp. luciense,
Lupinus cervinus and Raillardella (muirii ?) on the
Santa Lucia peaks and Camissonia benitensis, Fritillaria falcata, Lay ia discoides, and Monardella benitensis on San Benito Mountain. All these species should
receive some type of administrative protection. No
species known to occur on the Santa Lucia peaks has
become extinct, but one vandal could destroy all
known plants of the Raillardella in a short t i e . On
San Benito Mountain, one of the rare species may be
extinct. I know of no report of Fritillaria falcata since
Jepson's original discovery, although this lily sunives
in one other Diablo Range locality.
Some of the d~sjunctspecies-although common
elsewhere in California-are endangered on the study
peaks and should receive the same protection as the
rare species. The tiny populations of Cycladenia
humilis are a good example.
Table 3-Number of species on tlre study peaks (limited to pla,tts occurringabove
1200 m on at least one peak]
San
Number of species
Present above 1400 m:
Native species
Introduced species
Present above 1200 m:
Native species
Introduced species
Total species present
above 600 m
Native taxa noted on
only one peak
1
4
6
Percent
introduced species above
1200 m
26
5
43
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APPENDIX
Distribution of Plants
Key t o Symbols
Three e l e v a t i o n a l zones on each peak a r e i n d i c a t e d by t h e numbers heading
t h e columns:
1
above 1400 m
(4593 f e e t )
2
between 1200 m and 1400 m
(3937-4593 f e e t )
3
between 600 m and 1200 m
(1968-3937 f e e t )
R e l a t i v e abundance of p l a n t w i t h i n an e l e v a t i o n a l zone i s suggested by symbols:
C
COWON i n s u i t a b l e , r e l a t i v e l y widespread h a b i t a t s
U
UNCOMMON o r a t l e a s t inconspicuous i n widespread h a b i t a t s
L
LOCAL i n s p e c i a l i z e d h a b i t a t s , such as wet s p o t s o r rock outcrops
R
RARE--only a few i n d i v i d u a l s seen i n any h a b i t a t
+
recorded from t h e l i t e r a t u r e o r a herbarium specimen; e l e v a t i o n s
u s u a l l y estimated
.
not seen, but i n s u f f i c i e n t d a t a a r e a v a i l a b l e t o make a s t r o n g
c a s e f o r t h e p l a n t ' s absence
-
probably absent; t h e r e a r e no records of t h e p l a n t i n t h e region
and t h e most promising h a b i t a t s a r e missing
"
introduced; u s u a l l y r u d e r a l o r found i n d i s t u r b e d h a b i t a t s
A few s p e c i e s which could n o t he r e a d i l y d i s t i n g u i s h e d i n t h e f i e l d a r e
combined f o r purposes of t h i s t a b u l a t i o n . In most cases v a r i e t i e s o r
subspecies a r e not shown i n t h i s l i s t , b u t they a r e described i n t h e
species notes.
.
Cone
Peak
123
Species
Abies b r a c t e a t a
Acer macrophyllum
Achillea borealis
Adenos toma f a s ciculatum
Agoseris g r a n d i f l o r a
Agoseris h e t e r a p h y l l a
Agoseris r e t r o r s a
Agropyron p a r i s h i i
Agropyron trachycaulon
Agrostis exarata
*
A i r a caryophyllea
Allium b u r l e w i i
Allium campanulatum
Allium fimbriatum
Allophyllum divaricatum
CCC
RUU
.U
CCC
UUU
.
...
.U.
. .+
---
..L
...
R..
...
...
---
Ven
Doub.
Cone
123
Jun.
Serra
Peak
123
CCC
.U
RUU
.C
CCC
.C
..+
..U
.CC
..U
...
...
..U
---
,..
...
--...
---
...
.
.
.
...
....
.U
Chews
Ridge
123
.
Pine
Ridge
123
CCC
UU
.R.
.CC
R.U
CCC
CCC
WU
.UC
UUU
CCC
UU.
...
.
---
---
R..
U..
UUU
..L
..C
---
...
-----
UC
UUU
UCC
CCC
UUC
...
.UU
...
...
.UU
---
---
San
Beni t o
Mtn.
123
--LLL
..C
--.R.
...
...
...
...
LLL
.L.
...
UUU
...
...
UUU
Species
Cone
Peak
123
.u.
Allophyllum g i l i a i d e s
Alnus r h o m b i f o l i a
Amelanchier p a l l i d a
Amsinckia i n t e r m e d i a
Antirrhinum m u l t i f l o r u m
..L
..L
...
Apocynum pumilum
A q u i l e g i a eximia
Aquilegia fomosa
Arabis b r e w e r i
Arabis g l a b r a
...
--..L
LLL
.U
Aralia californica
Arbutus m e n z i e s i i
Arceuthobium o c c i d e n t a l e
Arctostaphylos glandulosa
Arctostaphylos glauca
.L
CCC
R..
CCC
.C
Arctos t a p h y l o s h o o v e r i
A r c t o s t a p h y l o s pungens
Arenaria douglasii
A r e n a r i a macrophylla
Argemone munita
RUU
Arnica d i s c o i d e a
Artemisia douglasiana
A r t e m i s i a dracunculus
Asclevias c a l i f o r n i c a
Asclepias eriocarpa
Asclepias f a s c i c u l a r i s
Aspidotis c a r l a t t a - h a l l i a e
A s p i d o t i s densa
Astragalus c l e v e l a n d i i
As t r a g a l u s gambelianus
Astragalus purshii
Athysanus p u s i l l u s
Avena b a r b a t a
Avena f a t u a
Barbarea o r t h o c e r a s
*
*
Berberis dictyota
Berula e r e c t a
Bloomeria c r o c e a
Boschniakia s t r o b i l a c e a
Brickellia californica
Brodiaea l u t e a
Bradiaea p u l c h e l l a
Bromus a r e n a r i u s
Bromus c a r i n a t u s l m a r g i n a t u s
Bromus d i a n d r u s *
*
Bromus
Bromus
Bromus
Bromus
Bromus
Bromus
grandisllaevipes
mollis
orcuttianus
pseudolaevipes
rubens
tectorum *
*
*
.UU
.
.
.
Ven.
Doub
Cone
123
.
..U
...
...
...
..U
...
...
--L..
...
...
.R.
.R.
.L
.
...
uuu
...
...
-----
---
...
---
...
.UU
...
---
..+
...
..U
..+
.UU
---
..L
. .+
UUC
.
...
LLL
...
...
...
.UU
.L.
...
.LU
---
.*
...
...
...
...
...
...
..,
-------
...
---
...
...
..U
UUU
UUU
U..
...
.LL
..U
U..
LLL
.R+
..U
.
R.R
...
.U
---
-----
...
---
..R
. .U
.UC
...
. .+
...
...
.UC
...
...
.UC
. .C
.uc
....
UC
...
RUU
UUU
UC
U.U
...
...
CCC
...
...
...
UUU
...
UU.
U.C
.
..U
...
...
.LL
.L
UU
.U.
...
...
U.U
.UU
...
...
..C
...
..L
UUU
UUC
UUU
UU.
.UU
.RC
---
.L
R.U
...
RR.
---
UUC
UUC
UCC
R..
. .U
---
---
CCC
...
...
...
...
.R.
.LL
...
u..
...
...
.....U
...
.
UU
.LL
San
Benito
Mtn.
123
.LL
CCC
CCC
CCC
...
..U
...
.LL
.LL
Pine
Ridge
123
.L
CCC
CCC
CCC
.UC
.U.
UCC
...
.UU
Chews
Rjdge
123
.+U
U..
CCC
.UC
CCC
... . . . .
..U
UU .
...
Jun.
Serra
Peak
123
.
mu
...
-------
.
.
...
...
.....U
...
...
...
...
----CCC
...
CCC
--CCC
...
...
..U
...
...
.
.U
UUU
...
..+
...
---
.+.
.uc
...
...
.+.
..U
---
---
uu+
UUC
UUC
CCC
.LL
...
.LL
.C
.
...
..L
UCC
CCC
UC
UUC
UCC
.
CCC
CCC
CU+
.UR
UUC
U.U
LL.
...
...
. .C
..L
...
.L.
..U
...
...
.uu
.U.
.C
.
.uc
...
UUU
...
UUU
UUU
...
...
UW
...
..C
.UC
UUC
.UU
.UU
UC
UCC
.U.
.UC
...
...
.uc
...
.w
.UU
.
.uc
.UC
U..
Cone
Peak
123
Species
...
..L
---
...
...
...
...
...
...
Calochortus venustus
Calvcadenia t r u n c a t a
C a l y p t r i d i u m monandrum
Calyptridium p a r r y i
Calystegia malacophylla
--..+
benitensis
cantorta
graciliflora
hirtella
ignota
Camissonia l u c i a e
Camissonia m i c r a n t h a
C a p s e l l a bursa-pas t a r i s
Carex alma
Carex b o l a n d e r i
.
...
Calamagrostis rubescens
Calandrinia c i l i a t a
Calochortus albus
Calochortus invenustus
Calochortus splendens
Camissonia
Camissonia
Camissonia
Camissonia
Camissonia
Ven.
Doub
Cone
123
...
.U.
...
...
...
...
...
*
Carex globasa
Carex m u l t i c a u l i s
Carex s e r r a t o d e n s
Carex subfusca
Castilleja foliolasa
UUU
UUU
...
..+
..U
Jun.
Serra
Peak
123
Chews
Ridge
123
Pine
Ridge
123
...
...
..L
.UC
.L.
..C
UCC
L .+
UUC
..+
---
...
...
.CU
UU.
UU.
...
...
...
...
---
---
---
...
.UU
...
...
UUC
.RU
UUU
.UU
...
...
..+
.UU
...
.UU
...
.+
...
L
.U.
R.U
+. .
...
...
UUU
.R.
...
. .+
..+
R .U
.
...
...
...
...
...
..L
.L.
.LL
...
.+U
UU+
.LL
.UC
UUU
.L.
..U
.R.
.++
...
---
---
---
UUU
UC
.U.
.L.
.C
Ceanothus
Ceanothus
Ceanothus
Centaurea
Cerastium
UUU
UUC
integerrimus
oliganthus
papillosus
melitensis
glomeratum
Cercocarpus
Cheilanthes
Cheilanthes
Cheilanthes
Chenopodium
*
UUU
.R.
hetuloides
covillei
gracillima
intertexta
album
UUC
LL
*
*
...
.
+. .
L+.
...
Chimaphila m e n z i e s i i
Chlorogalum pomeridianum
Chorizanthe d o u g l a s i i
C h o r i z a n t h e membranacea
Chorizanthe s t a t i c o i d e s
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Chrysopsis v i l l o s a
Chrsysothomnus n a u s e o s u s
Cirsium californicum
C i r s i u m prateanum
Clarkia botrae
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Castilleja martinii
C a s t i l l e j a stenantha
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Ceanothus c u n e a t u s / r a m u l o;us
Ceanothus f o l i o s u s
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Species
C l a r k i a modes t a
C l a r k i a purpurea
C l a r k i a rhombaidea
Clarkia unguiculata
Clematis l a s i a n t h a
Clematis l i g u s t i c i f o l i a
Collinsia childii
C o l l i n s i a h e t e r o v.h.v l l a
Collomia g r a n d i f l o r a
Collomia h e t e r o p h y l l a
Corallorhiza maculata
Cordylanthus r i g i d u s
Corethrogyne f i l a g i n i f o l i a
Cornus o c c i d e n t a l i s
Cryptantha c l e v e l a n d i i
Cryptantha mariposae
CrvDtantha
muricata
*.
Cuscuta c a l i f o r n i c a
Cycladenia humilis
~ ~ n a g l a s s u gmr a n d e
Cystopteris f r a g i l i s
Datisca glomerata
Delphinium n u d i c a u l e
Delphinium p a r r y i
Delphinium p a t e n s
Dendromecon r i g i d a
Dentaria i n t e g r i f o l i a
Deschampsia e l o n g a t a
Dicentra chrysantha
Disporum h o o k e r i
Dryopteris arguta
Dudleya cymosa
Eburaphyton a u s t i n a e
Eleocharis acicularis
Eleocharis p a r i s h i i
Elvmus a l a u c u s
Elymus t r i t i c o i d e s
Emmenanthe p e n d u l i f l o r a
E p i l a b i u m minutum
Epilabium p a n i c u l a t u m
Epilobium
Epipactis
Equisetum
Equisetum
Eriastrum
-
watsonii
gigantea
laevigatum
telmateia
densifolium
Erieeron foliosus
Erigeron petrophilus
Eriodictyon californicum
E r i o d i c t y o n tomentosum
Eriogonum c a v i l l e a n u m
Cone
Peak
123
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Species
Eriogonum
Eriogonum
Eriogonum
Eriogonum
Eriogonum
davidsonii
elongatum
fasciculatum
gracile
hirtiflorum
Eriogonum nudum
Eriogonum s a x a t i l e
Eriogonum spergulinum
Eriogonum umbellatum
Eriophyllum c o n f e r t i f l o r u m
*
Erodium cicutarium
Eryngium a r i s t u l a t u m
Erysimum capitatum
Eschscholzia c a l i f o r n i c a
Fes t u c a r u b r a
Filago californicum
Filaga g a l l i c a
Fremontodendron c a l i f o r n i c u m
F r i t i l l a r i a falcata
F r i t i l l a r i a lanceolata
*
F r i t i l l a r i a viridea
Galium andrewsii
Galium angus t i f o l i u m
Galium a p a r i n e
Galium c a l i f o r n i c u m s . flaccidum
*
.
Galium californicum s l u c i e n s e
Galium clementis
Galium n u t t a l l i i
Garrya flavescens/congdoni
Gayophytum heterozygum
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Ven.
Doub.
Cone
123
Sun.
Serra
Peak
123
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Hemizania p a n i c u l a t a
Heracleum maximum
Hesperolinon disjunctum
Hesperolinon micranthum
Heteromeles a r b u t i f o l i a
Hieracium a l b i f l o r u m
Hieracium argutum
Holodiscus d i s c o l o r
Holodiscus microphyllus
Hordeum californicum
Pine
Ridge
123
San
Benita
Mtn.
123
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Gilia achilleaefolia
G i l i a clivorum
G i l i a splendens
Gilia tenuiflora
Gnaphalium beneolens
Gutierrezia bracteata
Habenaria elegans
Haplopappus s q u a r r o s u s
Helenium puberulum
Hemitomes canges t u m
Chews
Ridge
123
CCC
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Species
Cone
Peak
123
*
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Hordeum glaucum
Hulsea heterochroma
Hypericum
formosum
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Juncus b u f o n i u s
Juncus e f f u s u s
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Juncus p a t e n s
Juncus r u g u l o s u s
Juniperus c a l i f o r n i c a
K a e l e r i a macrantha
Lactuca s e r r i o l a
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Lathyrus v e s t i t u s
Layia d i s c a i d e a
Lepechinia calycina
Lewisia r e d i v i v a
Libocedrus decurrens
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L i l i u m pardalinum
L i n a n t h u s ambiguus
Linanthus androsaceus
L i n a n t h u s a n d r o s a c e u s s. 11
Linanthus c i l i a t u s
Linanthus l i n i f l a r u s
Linum l e w i s i i
Lithocarpus densiflorus
Lithophragma
affine
.
Lithaphragma h e t e r o p h y l l a
Lomatium dasycarpum
.
Lomatium macrocarpum
Lonincera h i s p i d u l a
Lonicera i n t e r r u p t a
Lonicera subspicata
Latus
Latus
Lotus
Lotus
Lotus
argophyllus
crassifolius
grandiflorus
humistratus
micranthus
Lotus
Latus
Lotus
Latus
Latus
oblangifolius
pursbianus
scoparius
strigosus
suhpinnatus
Lupinus
Lupinus
Lupinus
Lupinus
Lupinus
abramsii
albifrons
bicolor
cervinus
farmosus
Lupinus h i r s u t i s s i m u s
Lupinus nanus
Madia e l e g a n s
Madia e x i g u a
Madia g r a c i l i s
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Species
Madia madiaides
Malacothrix f l o c c i f e r a
Malacathrix s a x a t i l i s
Marah fabaceus
Medicago polymorpha
*
Melica
Melica
Melica
Melica
Melica
californica
geyeri
harfordiilaristata
imperfects
stricta
Melica t o r r e y a n a
nracilenta
Mentzelia Mentzelia l a e v i c a u l i s
Mentzelia micrantha
M e n t z e l i a pinetorum
Mentzelia veatchiana
Micropus c a l i f o r n i c u s
Microseris l i n e a r i f a l i a
Micros t e r i s g r a c i l i s
Mimulus b i f i d u s
Mimulus
Mimulus
Mimulus
Mimulus
Mimulus
cardinalis
floribundus
fremontii
guttatus
pilosus
Mimulus subsecundus
Mollugo v e r t i c i l l a t a
Monardella b e n i t e n s i s
Monardella d o u g l a s i i
Monardella v i l l o s a
Cane
Peak
123
Ven.
Daub.
Cone
123
Jun.
Serra
Peak
123.
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Montia p e r f o l i a t a
Montia s p a t h u l a t a
Muhlenbergia a s p e r i f a l i a
Navarretia m e l l i t a
N a v a r r e t i a pubescens
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Nemacladus s e c u n d i f l o r u s
Nemophila m e n z i e s i i
Nemophila p a r v i f l o r a
Nemophila p u l c h e l l a
Nicotiana a t t e n u a t a
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Oenothera h o a k e r i
Orobanche b u l b o s a
Orobanche f a s c i c u l a t a
Orthocarpus purpurescens
Osmaronia c e r a s i f a r m i s
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Osmorhiza brachypoda
Osmorhiza c h i l e n s i s
Parnassia palustris
Pedicularis densiflora
P e l l a e a andrornedaefolia
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Mtn.
123
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Jun.
Serra
Peak
123
Cone
Peak
123
Ven
Doub
Cone
123
P e l l a e a mucronata
Penstemon b r e v i f l o r u s
Penstemon c e n t r a n t h i f o l i u s
Pensteman corymbosus
Penstemon g r i n n e l l i i
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CCC
CCC
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Pens temon h e t e r o p h y l l u s
Phacelia brachyloba
Phacelia curvipes
Phacelia d i s t i s
Phacelia divaricata
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...
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Phacelia
Phacelia
Phacelia
Phacelia
Phacelia
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UUU
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CCC
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Species
...
douglasii
egena/imbricata
grisea
malvaefolia
ramosissima
...
Phoradendron juniperinum
Phoradendron v i l l o s u m
Pinus a t t e n u a t a
Pinus c o u l t e r i
Pinus j e f f r e y i
Pinus l a m h e r t i a n a
Pinus ponderosa
Pinus s a b i n i a n a
Pityragramma t r i a n g u l a r i s
Plagiabathrys nothofulvus
Poa annua *
Poa h o w e l l i i
Poa s c a b r e l l a
Palygala californica
Polypodium c a l i f o r n i c u m
Polypogon m o n s p e l i e n s i s
Polystichum munitum
P o t e n t i l l a glandulosa
Prunus emarginata
Prunus v i r g i n i a n a
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UC
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P t e r o s t e g i a drymarioides
Pyrola p i c t a
Quercus a g r i f o l i a
Quercus c h r y s o l e p i s
Quercus d o u g l a s i i
durata
kelloggii
lobata
turbinella/dumosa
wislizenii
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P s o r a l e a macros tachya
Psoralea orbicularis
P s o r a l e a physodes
P t e r i d i u m aquilinum
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Species
Raillardella (muirii?)
Rafinesquia c a l i f o r n i c a
Ranunculus c a l i f a r n i c u s
Ranunculus hebecarpus
Rhamnus c a l i f o r n i c a
Rhamnus c r o c e a
Rhus d i v e r s i l o b a
Ribes r o e z l i i
Rigiopappus l e p t o c l a d u s
Rosa c a l i f a r n i c a
Rubus
Rubus
Rumex
Rumex
Rumex
parviflorus
ursinus
acetosella
conglameratus
salicifolius
*
*
S a l i x breweri
S a l i x sp.
Salvia colmbariae
Sambucus mexicana
Sanicula c r a s s i c a u l i s
Sanicula graveolens
S a t u r e j a mimuloides
S c i r ~ u sm i c r o c a r ~ u s
Sedu; s p a t h u l i f o i i u m
Selaginella bigelavii
*
Silene gallica
S i l e n e lemmonii
S i l e n e verecunda
Sisyrinchium bellum
Sitanion hystrix
S i t a n i o n jubatum
Solanum u @ e l l i f e r u m
Solidago c a l i f o r n i c a
Solidago guiradonis
Stachys b u l l a t a
Stachys pycnantha
S t e l l a r i a media
S tellar ia nitens
S tephanomeria e l a t a
Stephanomeria v i r g a t a
*
S t i p a cernua
S t i p a coronata
Streptanthus brewerii
Streptanthus glandulosus
Streptanthus i n s i g n i s
Streptanthus tortuosus
St y l o c l i n e g n a p h a l i o i d e s
Symphoricarpos m o l l i s
Tauschia h a r t w e g i i
Thelypodium 1 a s i o p h y L l m
Cone
Peak
123
Ven.
DO&.
Cone
123
Sun.
Serra
Peak
123
Chews
Ridge
123
Pine
Ridge
123
San
Benito
Mtn.
123
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Species
Thermopsis macrophylla
Thysanocarpus c u r v i p e s
Thysanocarpus l a c i n i a t u s
T r i c h o s tema lanatum
Trichostema r u b i s e p a l u m
Trifolium
Trifolium
Trifolium
Trifolium
Trifolium
albopurpureum
cilialatum
gracilentum
microcephalum
tridentatum
Trifolium variegatum
Triodanis b i f l o r a
Umbellularia c a l i f o r n i c a
Urtica holasericea
Urtica urens
*
Verbena l a s i o s t a c h y s
V i c i a americana
V i o l a p u r p u r e a s s p . mohavensis
Viola purpurea ssp. purpurea
V i o l a quercetorum
*
Vulpia bromoides
Vulpia m i c r o s t a c h y s
woohwardia f i m b r i a t a
Wyethia h e l e n i o i d e s
Yucca w h .i .~ ~ l e i
Zauschneria c a l i f a r n i c a
Zigadenus f r e m o n t i i
Zigadenus venenosus
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123
Jun.
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123
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Plants of the Study Peaks
i
~ b i e sb r a c t e a t a D. Don, b r i s t l e c o n e f i r o r
Santa Lucia f i r (Pimceae)
Evergreen t r e e , conspicuous on f i r e res i s t a n t h a b i t a t s . The G r i f f i n and C r i t c h f i e l d (1972) d i s t r i b u t i o n map o m i t t e d a
s m a l l s t a n d on t h e n o r t h s l o p e of J u n i p e r 0
S e r r a Peak. T a l l e y (1974) h a s conducted a
d e t a i l e d s t u d y of t h e ecology of t h i s f i r .
SANTA LUCIA RANGE ENDEMIC.
.
Acer macrophyllum Pursh, b i g l e a f maple
(Aceraceae)
.
Deciduous t r e e , mostly r i p a r i a n , b u t a t
a l l e l e v a t i o n s s c a t t e r e d maples grow i n
shady r a v i n e s w i t h o u t any s u r f a c e w a t e r .
Aqropyron t r a c h y c a u l o n (Link) Malte, s l e n d e r
wheatgrass (Grmineae).
P e r e n n i a l g r a s s , commn a l o n g t h e
s e r p e n t i n e c r e e k s of San B e n i t a Mountain.
T h i s g r a s s h a s n o t been r e p o r t e d from
Monterey County, a t l e a s t n o t under t h i s
name; i t might b e p r e s e n t on s e r p e n t i n e , f a r
i t a p p e a r s t o grow on s e r p e n t i n e i n San L u i s
Obispo County (Hoover 1970) and San Mateo
County (Thomas 1961).
Agrostis exarata Trin., spike bent
(Gramineae)
.
Perennial herb, s c a t t e r e d i n
t h e open f o r e s t and savanna. On
Mountain yarrow grows abundantly
c r e e k s , l e s s commonly on t h e dry
uplands.
p a r t s of
San B e n i t o
i n the
serpentine
P e r e n n i a l bunchgrass, l o c a l i n wet
s p o t s ; t h e two l o c a l v a r i e t i e s may b e
p a r t i a l l y separated geographically:
(1)
v a r . e x a r a t a w i t h o u t awns, n o t i c e d only on
Chews Ridge; (2) v a r . p c i f i c a Vasey w i t h
conspicuous awns, more widely d i s t r i b u t e d ,
p a r t i c u l a r l y a t lower e l e v a t i o n s .
Adenostoma f a s c i c u l a t u m H. & A.,
(Rosaceae)
chamise
Aira caryophyllea L., s i l v e r hairgrass
(Gramineae)
A c h i l l e a b o r e a l i s Bong. s s p . c a l i f o r n i c a
( P o l l a r d ) Keck, yarrow (Compositae)
.
.
Evergreen, burl-forming s h r u b , dominates
t h e d r i e s t c h a p a r r a l s l o p e s , u s u a l l y on
south aspects.
(
l a e v e , b u t o t h e r p l a n t s i n t h e same populat i o n may have l o n g awns and pubescent nodes;
few l o c a l p l a n t s have c o n s i s t e n t l y s h o r t
awns. The ,study peaks a r e n e a r t h e n o r t h e r n
l i m i t f a r t h i s s p e c i e s i n t h e Coast Ranges.
A g o s e r i s g r a n d i f l o r a (Nutt.) Greene, l a r g e flowered a g o s e r i s (Compositae)
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n open
f o r e s t and savanna.
.
A g o s e r i s h e t e r o p h y l l a (Nutt.) Greene,
mountain d a n d e l i o n (Compositae).
Annual h e r b , i n savanna and g r a s s l a n d .
A y o s e r i s r e t r o r s a (Benth.) Greene, s p e a r l e a v e d a g o s e r i s (Compositae)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n open
f o r e s t and savanna, l e s s common t h a n
A. grandiflora.
.
Small a n n u a l g r a s s , minor weed i n
g r a s s l a n d . INTRODUCED.
Allium b u r l e w i i A. Davids., Burlew o n i o n
(Amaryllidaeeae)
.
Bulb, n o t r e p o r t e d i n t h e S a n t a Lucia
Range u n t i l 1972, when S t e v e n T a l l e y found
i t on a t a l u s s l o p e w i t h i n t h e s u g a r p i n e
f o r e s t on Cane Peak. Raven (1957) found
t h e northern-most o u t p o s t of t h i s s o u t h e r n
S i e r r a Nevada and s o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a
s p e c i e s on San B e n i t o Mountain. DISJUNCT,
next population t o south is i n the S i e r r a
Madre, S a n t a Barbara County. 31
Allium campanulaturn Wats., S i e r r a o n i o n
(Amazyllidaceae)
.
Agropyron p a r i s h i i S c r i b n . & Sm., P a r i s h
wheatgrass ( G r m i n e a e ) .
Bulb, l o c a l l y common on s e r p e n t i n e outc r o p s on Chews Ridge and P i n e Ridge b u t n o t
c o n f i n e d t o s e r p e n t i n e . DISJUNCT, n e x t
p o p u l a t i o n t o s o u t h i n t h e S i e r r a Madre,
S a n t a Barbara County. 21
P e r e n n i a l bunchgrass, widely s c a t t e r e d
i n open f o r e s t , l o c a l l y abundant on edges
of t h e Chews Ridge savanna. As Hoover
(1970) s u g g e s t e d , v a r . l a e v e S c r i b n . & Sm.
i s n o t a u s e f u l taxon l o c a l l y ; many p l a n t s
w i t h l o n g awns and g l a b r o u s nodes f i t v a r .
31 Smith, C l i f t o n . 1974. A f l o r a of
t h e S a n t a Barbara Region.
(Unpublished
r e p o r t on f i l e , S a n t a Barbara Museum of
N a t u r a l H i s t o r y , C a l i f .)
.
Allium fimbriatum Wats. v a r . d i a b o l e n s e
Ownbey & Aase, f r i n g e d o n i o n
(AmarylZidaceae)
.
s e r p e n t i n e wet s p o t s i n t h e s o u t h Coast
Ranges (Hoover 1970, Sharsmith 1945,
Thomas 1 9 6 1 ) , b u t n o t y e t r e p o r t e d f o r t h e
northern Santa Lucias.
Bulb, l o c a l l y common a n s e r p e n t i n e on
San B e n i t o Mountain, p r e s e n t o n lower e l e v a t i o n serpentine i n t h e Santa Lucias, but
n o t n o t i c e d a n P i n e Ridge s e r p e n t i n e .
Aguilegia f o r m s a Fisch.,
(RamncuZaceae)
Allophyllum d i v a r i c a t u m ( N u t t . ) A. & V .
Grant, (Pozemoniaceae)
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n non-serpentine
wet s p o t s . Two v a r i e t i e s a r e r e p o r t e d i n
Monterey County, t h e P i n e Ridge p l a n t s a r e
v i s c i d pubescent and f i t v a r . h y p o l a s i a
(Greene) Munz. (Howitt and Howell 1973).
.
Annual h e r b , r a r e above 1200 m i n d i s turbed spots.
Allophyllum g i l i o i d e s Benth.) A. & V . Grant,
s t r a g g l i n g - g i l i a (Potemoniaceae)
.
Annual h e r b , uncommon i n d i s t u r b e d
spots.
Alnus r h o m b i f o l i a N u t t . ,
(BetuZaceae)
.
white a l d e r
~ e c i d u o u st r e e , i m p o r t a n t r i p a r i a n t r e e
a t lower e l e v a t i o n s b u t uncommon a l o n g
c r e e k s above 1200 m .
Amelanchier p a l l i d a Greene, s e r v i c e b e r r y
(Rosaceae)
.
T a l l deciduous s h r u b , uncommon i n
shady r a v i n e s o r c r e e k bottoms.
Amsinckia i n t e r m e d i a F. & M.,
neck (Boraginaceae)
.
common f i d d l e -
Annual h e r b , v e r y minor p l a n t i n t h e
grassland.
Antirrhinum m u l t i f l o r u m Penn., s t i c k y snapdragon ( S c r o p h u z a r i a c e a e ) .
T a l l s h o r t - l i v e d p e r e n n i a l , widely
scattered i n disturbed spots i n the
c h a p a r r a l b u t never common.
Apocynum pumilum (Gray) Greene, dogbane
(Apocynaceae)
.
Perennial herb, not reported i n
Monterey County u n t i l 1972, when I found i t
i n open p i n e f o r e s t s a n Chews Ridge, P i n e
Ridge, and L i t t l e P i n e s , probably s c a t t e r e d
elsewhere i n t h e S a n t a L u c i a s i n p i n e
f o r e s t s . Rare elsewhere i n t h e s o u t h
Coast Ranges (Hoover 1970, Thomas 1 9 6 1 ) .
A g u i l e g i a eximia Van H a u t t e , Van H o u t t e
columbine (Ranunculaceae)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , common o n a l l t h e San
B e n i t o Mountain c r e e k s , s c a t t e r e d o n
.
crimson columbine
A r a b i s b r e w e r i Wats. v a r . b r e w e r i , Brewer
rockcress (Cruciferae).
Low p e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l on r o c k o u t crops.
A r a b i s g l a b r a (L.) Bernh., tower mustard
(Cruciferae)
.
T a l l b i e n n i a l h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n lower
e l e v a t i o n g r a s s l a n d , b u t above 1200 m i s
uncommon i n s e a s o n a l l y wet, open s p o t s .
A r a l i a c a l i f o r n i c a Watson, e l k c l o v e r
(AmZiaceae)
.
T a l l perennial herb, l o c a l i n springs
and c r e e k s .
Arbutus m e n z i e s i i Pursh, madrone o r P a c i f i c
madrone ( E r i c a c e a e )
.
Large e v e r g r e e n t r e e , v i g o r o u s s p r o u t e r ,
i m p o r t a n t dominant i n t h e mixed e v e r g r e e n
f o r e s t . The f i r e - s c a r r e d remains of one huge
i n d i v i d u a l on Chews Ridge appeared t o have a
dbh of a b o u t 3 m and a n i n t a c t t r e e nearby
was 152 cm i n dbh.
Arceuthobium o c c i d e n t a l e Engelm., Digger
p i n e dwarf m i s t l e t o e (Viscaceae).
Shoot p a r a s i t e on p i n e s , l o c a l l y commn
o n C o u l t e r and Digger p i n e s throughout t h e
s o u t h Coast Ranges; A . o c c i d e n t a l e , which i s
c l o s e l y r e l a t e d t o A . campylopodum Engelm.,
does n o t u s u a l l y i n f e c t ponderosa p i n e s
(Hawksworth and Wiens 1972). But some
ponderosa p i n e s on P i n e Ridge a r e i n f e c t e d
w i t h A . o c c i d e n t a l e , which i s common on
a d j a c e n t C o u l t e r p i n e s ( p e r s o n a l correspondence with F. G. Hawksworth, Feb. 22, 1974).
The same s i t u a t i o n may e x i s t on San Benito
Mountain where a few J e f f r e y p i n e s a r e
i n f e c t e d w i t h a dwarf m i s t l e t o e s i m i l a r t o
t h a t a n t h e a d j a c e n t C o u l t e r and Digger
p i n e s . A . campylopodum ( a s r e c o g n i z e d by
Hawksworth and Wiens 1972) h a s n o t been
r e p o r t e d i n t h e s o u t h Coast Ranges; they
c o n s i d e r t h e A . campylopodum of Howitt and
Howell (1964) t o b e A . o c c l d e n t a l e .
i
i
~ r c t o s t a p h y l o sg l a n d u l o s a Eastw., Eastwood
manzanita ( E r i c a c e a e ) .
Burl-forming e v e r g r e e n s h r u b , i m p o r t a n t
i n t h e c h a p a r r a l , dominant o v e r Adenostoma
a n t h e h i g h e s t r i d g e s . This s h r u b i s
extremely d i f f i c u l t t o c l a s s i f y taxonomically
(McMinn 1939). At low e l e v a t i o n s , a s n e a r
t h e Hastings Reservation, t h e A. glandulosa
complex may n o t b e c l e a r l y i s o l a t e d from t h e
more c o a s t a l A . tomentosa(Pursh) L i n d l .
complex, and a few s h r u b s on Chews Ridge may
show t h i s A . tomentosa i n f l u e n c e . Within
A . g l a n d u l o s a many t a x a have been d e s c r i b e d
which seem t o have l i t t l e g e o g r a p h i c o r
e c o l o g i c a l s i g n i f i c a n c e a n t h e s t u d y peaks.
P l a n t s w i t h g l a n d u l a r twigs and i n f l o r e s cences approach v a r . g l a n d u l o s a , p l a n t s w i t h
o n l y g l a n d u l a r i n f l o r e s c e n c e s approach v a r .
h o w e l l i l (Eastw.) Adams, and t h e mostly nong l a n d u l a r D l a n t s aDDraach
var. cushingiana
..
(Eastw.) Adams. The n o n g l a n d u l a r , somewhat
c a n e s c e n t , p l a n t s were mapped a s A . canescens
Eastw. by t h e V e g e t a t i o n Type Map Survey
( C r i t c h f i e l d 1971)
No r e c o g n i z a b l e A .
g l a n d u l o s a s h r u b s were s e e n on San B e n i t o
Mountain, b u t i t might b e p a r t of d i f f i c u l t
manzanita problems t h e r e .
-
.
Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl., bigberry
manzanita ( E r i c a c e a e ) .
i
i
T a l l nonsprouting evergreen shrub,
s c a t t e r e d i n t h e low e l e v a t i o n c h a p a r r a l of
t h e S a n t a L u c i a s , v e r y conspicuous i n
c h a p a r r a l on s e r p e n t i n e i n t h e Diablo
Range a t a l l e l e v a t i o n s ; most p l a n t s on t h e
s t u d y peaks appeared t o b e v a r . p u b e r u l a
J . T. Howell.
A r c t o s t a p h y l o s h o o v e r i Wells ( E r i c a c e a e ) .
T a l l nonsprauting evergreen shrub,
s c a t t e r e d i n f o r e s t and c h a p a r r a l s o u t h of
Cone Peak, b u t a few h i g h l y v a r i a b l e i n d i v i d u a l s grow n e a r t h e Gamboa t r a i l summit
n o r t h of Cone Peak. They may b e n e a r t h e
n o r t h e r n l i m i t f o r t h i s SANTA LUCIA RANGE
ENDEMIC.
A r c t o s t a p h y l o s pungens HBK.,
manzanita ( E r i c a c e a e ) .
Mexican
Evergreen s h r u b , nonhurl-forming, h u t
t h e branches r e a d i l y l a y e r , f o r m i n g l a r g e
c o l o n i e s , conspicuous on San B e n i t o Mountain
s e r p e n t i n e . T h i s v a r i a b l e manzanita is uncommon i n t h e s o u t h Coast Ranges and a p p e a r s
i n mare t y p i c a l form s o u t h of San Diego.
There a r e s u g g e s t i o n s of h y b r i d i z a t i o n
between A . pungens and A . g l a u c a on San
B e n i t o Mountain.
A r e n a r i a d o u g l a s i i F r e n z l . , Douglas sandwort
(CaryophyZZaceae).
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n f o r e s t openi n g s , l o c a l l y common on s e r p e n t i n e .
A r e n a r i a macrophylla Hook., l a r g e - l e a v e d
sandwort (CaryophyZZaceae)
Low p e r e n n i a l herb, r a r e on t h e s t u d y
peaks. Uncommon e l s e w h e r e i n t h e s o u t h
Coast Ranges (Bowerman 1944, Sharsmith 1945,
Thomas 1961).
.
Argemone munita Dur. & H i l g . , p r i c k l y poppy
(Papaveraceae).
Annual h e r b , uncommon i n d i s t u r b e d
spots.
Arnica d i s c o i d e a Benth., r a y l e s s a r n i c a
(Compositae)
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n f o r e s t and
c h a p a r r a l o n t h e summit of Chews Ridge; t h e
s t u d y peak p l a n t s do n o t seem t o d i f f e r much
from t h e c o a s t a l p l a n t s c a l l e d v a r . a l a t a
(Rydb .) C r o n q u i s t .
.
Artemisia douglasiana Bess., C a l i f o r n i a
mugwart (Compositae)
.
Large p e r e n n i a l h e r b , o f t e n r i p a r i a n
o r n e a r dry s t r e a m beds, b u t may be s c a t t e r e d f a r from any s e a s o n a l l y wet s p o t s a s
i n t h e Chews Ridge savanna.
A r t e m i s i a d r a c u n c u l u s L., dragon sagewort
(Compositae)
Large p e r e n n i a l h e r b , d i s t r i b u t i o n s i m i l a r t o A. douglasiana.
.
A s c l e p i a s c a l i f o r n i c a Greene v a r . g r e e n e i
Woadsan, round-hooded milkweed
(AscZepiadaceae)
.
P r o s t r a t e p e r e n n i a l h e r b , uncommon on
open rocky s p o t s o r t a l u s s l o p e s . T h i s
s o u t h e r n S i e r r a Nevada and s o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a s p e c i e s is uncommon i n t h e s o u t h
Coast Ranges (Bowerman 1944, Hoover 1970,
Sharsmith 1 9 4 5 ) .
A s c l e p i a s e r i o c a r p a Benth., I n d i a n milkweed
(AscZepiadaceae)
Athysanus p u s i l l u s (Hook.) Greene, sandweed
(Cruciferae)
Perennial herb, s c a t t e r e d i n grassland
a t lower e l e v a t i o n s , uncommon above 1200 m,
one colony under t h e s u g a r p i n e f o r e s t on
t h e summit of J u n i p e r o S e r r a Peak.
Small annual h e r b , minor p l a n t i n
grassland.
.
.
A s c l e p i a s f a s c i c u l a r i s Dcne.,
milkweed (Asclepiadaceae)
.
Avena b a r b a t a B r o t . , s l e n d e r w i l d o a t
(Grmineae)
.
narrow-leaved
Annual g r a s s , l e s s common i n g r a s s l a n d
INTRODUCED.
than A . fatua
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , uncommon a l o n g dry
creekbeds a t lower e l e v a t i o n , r a r e on a
s e r p e n t i n e o u t c r o p on Chews Ridge.
A s p ~ d o t l sc a r l o t t a - h a l l l a e
Lellinger (Pteridaceae)
.
~ v e n af a t u a L. w i l d o a t (Gramineae).
Annual g r a s s , i m p o r t a n t dominant i n
g r a s s l a n d . INTRODUCED.
(W. 6 G.)
Barbarea o r t h o c e r a s Ledeb., American w i n t e r c r e s s (Cruciferae)
.
Small f e r n , one 1938 c o l l e c t i o n from
San B e n i t o Mountain; e i t h e r e x t r e m e l y r a r e
t h e r e now o r perhaps e x t i n c t i n t h i s
l o c a l i t y . (Smith 1975).
B i e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
Berberis dictyota Jeps., Jepson barberry
(Berberidaceae)
.
A s p i d o t i s densa (Brackenridge) L e l l i n g e r ,
I n d i a n dream ( P t e r i d a c e a e ) .
Small f e r n , l o c a l on u l t r a b a s i c o u t c r o p s
on P i n e Ridge, uncommon'in t h e s o u t h Coast
Ranges and u s u a l l y c o n f i n e d t o s e r p e n t i n e
(Hoover 1970, Sharsmith 1945, Smith 1975)
T h i s s p e c i e s h a s been p l a c e d i n t h r e e o t h e r
genera: C h e i l a n t h e s , Onychium, and P e l l a e a .
.
A s t r a q a l u s c l e v e l a n d i i Greene (Legwninosae)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b ; Munz (1959) l i s t e d a
r i p a r i a n l o c a l i t y on s e r p e n t i n e a t 1400 m
n e a r San B e n i t o Mountain. DISJUNCT, mainly
a s e r p e n t i n e endemic i n Napa and Lake
Counties.
A s t r a g a l u s qambelianus S h e l d . , dwarf l o c o weed ( L e g m i n o s u e ) .
Small a n n u a l h e r b , minor p l a n t i n
grassland.
A s t r a q a l u s p u r s h i i Dougl. v a r . t i n c t u s J o n e s ,
woolly pod (Legwninosae)
.
P r o s t r a t e p e r e n n i a l h e r b , uncommon on
San B e n i t o Mountain s e r p e n t i n e . Various
forms of t h i s s p e c i e s a r e widespread i n d r y
i n t e r i o r f o r e s t s of t h e West, b u t i t i s r a r e
i n t h e s o u t h Coast Ranges. DISJUNCT,
Cuyama
c l o s e s t p o p u l a t i o n mav b e i n upper
..
V a l l e y , ~ a n t a~ a r b a r aCounty.
4/
41 Smith, C l i f t o n . 1974. A f l o r a of
t h e ~ a n t aBarbara Region.
(Unpublished
r e p o r t on f i l e , S a n t a Barbara Museum of
N a t u r a l H i s t o r y , C a l i f .)
.
Evergreen sub-shrub, widely d i s t r i b u t e d
i n c h a p a r r a l on San B e n i t o Mountain b u t never
common.
Berula e r e c t a (Huds .) Cov., water-parsnip
(Umbelliferae)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
Bloomeria c r o c e a (Torr.) Cav. v a r . a u r e a
( K e l l . ) Ingram, golden s t a r s (AmaryZZidaceae)
Bulb, unimportant o r a b s e n t above 1200 m
e x c e p t f o r s c a t t e r e d p l a n t s on San B e n i t a
Mountain.
Boschniakia s t r o b i l a c e a e Gray, C a l i f o r n i a
ground-cone (Orobanchaceae)
.
Root p a r a s i t e , probably on A r c t o s t a p h y l o s ,
w i d e l y d i s t r i b u t e d b u t never common i n San
B e n i t o Mountain f o r e s t s w i t h a manzanita
understory.
B r i c k e l l i a c a l i f o r n i c a (T. & G:) Gray,
C a l i f o r n i a h r i c k e l b u s h (Compos%tae).
Law e v e r g r e e n s h r u b , l o c a l on r o c k outcrops o r b o u l d e r p i l e s .
Brodiaea l u t e a ( L i n d l . ) Mort., golden
b r o d i a e a (AmaryZZidaceae)
~ ~ l unimportant
b ,
i n grassland.
.
Brodiaea p u l c h e l l a ( S a l i s b . ) Greene, b l u e
d i c k s (AmarylZidaceae)
Bulb, s c a t t e r e d i n g r a s s l a n d and f o r e s t
openings.
.
Bromus a r e n a r i u s L a b i l l , A u s t r a l i a n c h e s s
(Grmineae).
Annual g r a s s , minor i n g r a s s l a n d o r
d i s t u r b e d s p o t s . INTRODUCED.
Bromus c a r i n a t u s H . & A.,
(Gmmineae)
.
C a l i f o r n i a brome
S h o r t - l i v e d p e r e n n i a l g r a s s , widely
s c a t t e r e d i n open f o r e s t s a t lower e l e v a t i o n s , probably l e s s common on t h e s t u d y
peaks t h a n B. m a r g i n a t u s from which i t may
not be very c l e a r l y separated.
Bromus d i a n d r u s Roth, r i p g u t brome
(Grmnineae).
Annual g r a s s , s c a t t e r e d i n g r a s s l a n d .
INTRODUCED.
Bromus g r a n d i s (Shear) H i t c h . ,
(Gromineae)
.
Bromus p s e u d o l a e v i p e s Wagnan ( G r m i n e a e ) .
P e r e n n i a l g r a s s ; a few p l a n t s key o u t
t o t h i s s p e c i e s , b u t they seem t o b e an
i n t e g r a l p a r t of t h e B. g r a n d i s complex.
Bromus rubens L
., r e d brome
(Gmineae)
.
Annual g r a s s , s c a t t e r e d i n t h e g r a s s land. This is t h e only introduced annual
t h a t h a s any s i g n i f i c a n t p o p u l a t i o n a n t h e
San B e n i t o Mountain s e r p e n t i n e . INTRODUCED.
Bromus tectorum L . ,
c h e a t g r a s s (Gmmineae).
Annual g r a s s , widely d i s t r i b u t e d a s a
t r a i l - s i d e weed a t h i g h e r e l e v a t i o n s , n o t
i m p o r t a n t i n t h e g r a s s l a n d . The pubescent
v a r . t e c t o r u m i s more common than t h e smooth
v a r . g l a b r a t u s Spenner; t h e two v a r i e t i e s
sometimes grow t o g e t h e r . INTRODUCED.
t a l l brome
T a l l p e r e n n i a l g r a s s , widely d i s t r i b u t e d
i n f o r e s t openings a t a l l e l e v a t i o n s , d i f f i c u l t t o d i s t i n g u i s h from B. l a e v i p e s .
Hoover (1970) commented on t h e u n s a t i s f a c t o r y
s e p a r a t i o n between t h e p e r e n n i a l bromes,
p a r t i c u l a r l y B. g r a n d i s , B. l a e v i p e s , and
B. p s e u d o l a e v i p e s
.
Bromus l a e v i p e s Shear, woodland brome
(Gramineae)
.
T a l l p e r e n n i a l g r a s s , probably more
common a t h i g h e r e l e v a t i o n s t h a n B. g r a n d i s .
Bromus m a r g i n a t u s Nees, mountain brome
(Grmineae)
.
Perennial grass, d i f f i c u l t t o disting u i s h from B. c a r i n a t u s . Hoover (1970)
a s s i g n e d a l l t h e B. m a r g i n a t u s - l i k e p l a n t s
i n San L u i s Obispo County t o e i t h e r B.
c a r i n a t u s o r B. b r e v i a r i s t a t u s . The only
brames on t h e s t u d y peaks h a i r y enough t o
s u g g e s t B. b r e v i a r i s t a t u s were on San B e n i t o
Mountain.
Bromus m o l l i s L., s o f t c h e s s ( G r m i n e a e ) .
Annual g r a s s , probably t h e most
important annual i n the grassland.
INTRODUCED.
Bromus o r c u t t i a n u s Vasey v a r . h a l l i i H i t c h .
(Grmineae)
.
P e r e n n i a l g r a s s , s c a t t e r e d i n open
p o r t i o n s of t h e more p r o d u c t i v e f o r e s t s .
C a l a m a g r o s t i s r u b e s c e n s Buckl., p i n e g r a s s
(Gmmineae)
.
Perennial grass, local i n w e t spats.
C a l a n d r i n i a c i l i a t a (R. & P.) DC. v a r .
m e n z i e s i i (Hook.) Macbr., redmaids
(PortuZacaceae).
Annual herb, unimportant i n g r a s s l a n d
above 1200 m.
C a l o c h o r t u s a l b u s Dougl., w h i t e g l o b e - l i l y
(LiZiaceae)
.
Bulb, s c a t t e r e d i n open f o r e s t s and
savanna; p i n k c o l o r s may b e more conspicuous
i n t h e c o r o l l a s of p l a n t s c l o s e r t o t h e
c o a s t , b u t v a r . r u b e l l u s Greene seems t o be
a vague e n t i t y .
C a l o c h o r t u s i n v e n u s t u s Greene, p l a i n mariposa
(Liliaceae)
.
Bulb, uncommon i n c h a p a r r a l and f o r e s t
on s e r p e n t i n e on San B e n i t o Mountain and P i n e
Ridge; t h e few p l a n t s on t h e summit of Chews
Ridge seem t o b e on s m a l l s e r p e n t i n e o u t c r o p s .
Uncommon e l s e w h e r e i n t h e s o u t h Coast Ranges
on s e r p e n t i n e (Sharsmith 1945); more common
i n t h e s o u t h e r n S i e r r a Nevada and s o u t h e r n
California.
C a l o c h o r t u s s p l e n d e n s Dougl.,
(LiZiaceae)
.
l i l a c mariposa
Bulb, s c a t t e r e d i n open f o r e s t and
savanna.
C a l o c h o r t u s venustus Dougl., b u t t e r f l y mariposa (LiZiaceae)
.
Bulb, uncommon i n c h a p a r r a l and g r a s s l a n d on San B e n i t o Mountain s e r p e n t i n e .
Camissonia l u c i a e Raven (Onagraceae).
Annual h e r b , uncommon i n rocky s p o t s .
(Raven 1969).
Camissonia micrantha Raven (Onagraoeae).
Calycadenia t r u n c a t a D C . ,
(Compositae)
.
rosinweed
Annual herb, s c a t t e r e d i n g r a s s l a n d and
savanna.
C a l y p t r i d i u m monandrum Nutt., common
calyptridium (Portuzacaceae).
Annual h e r b , uncommon i n d i s t u r b e d s p o t s .
The s p e c i e s r e l a t e d t o C. micrantha a r e d i f f i c u l t t o d i s t i n g u i s h i n t h e f i e l d ; C.
i n t e r m e d i a Raven may have been overlooked o r
mistaken f a r C . m i c r a n t h a o r C. h i r t e l l a .
(Raven 1969).
C a p s e l l a b u r s a - p a s t o r i s (L .) Medicus.,
shepherd's purse (Cruciferae)
.
Annual h e r b , r a r e i n c h a p a r r a l .
C a l y p t r i d i u m p a r r y i Gray (PortuZacaceae)
.
.
Annual herb. r a r e i n d i s t u r b e d s o o t s :,
t h e few p l a n t s c o l l e c t e d on Chews Ridge d i d
n o t seem t o f i t t h e s o u t h Coast Range v a r .
h e s s a e Thomas v e r v w e l l . and t h e ~ l a n t s
around Spanish Lake ( f i g . 3) s u g g e s t e d t h e
montane C. roseum Wats.
Annual h e r b , r a r e i n g r a s s l a n d .
INTRODUCED.
Carex alma B a i l e y (Cyperaceae).
P e r e n n i a l sedge, l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
Carex h o l a n d e r i Olney (Cyperaceae)
.
Perennial sedge, l o c a l i n w e t spots.
C a l y s t e g i a malocophylla (Greene) Munz s s p .
p e d i c e l l a t a ( J e p s .) Munz (ConvoZvuZaceae)
.
P r o s t r a t e , perennial herb, s c a t t e r e d i n
rocky p o r t i o n s of t h e g r a s s l a n d and savanna.
Carew globosa B o o t t . ,
(Cyperaceae)
.
round-fruited
sedge
P e r e n n i a l sedge, s c a t t e r e d i n shady,
rocky s p o t s i n f o r e s t .
Camissonia b e n i t e n s i s Raven (Onagmceae)
.
Small a n n u a l h e r b , s c a t t e r e d on s e v e r a l
s e r p e n t i n e a l l u v i a l t e r r a c e s on San B e n i t o
Mountain, l i s t e d a s a r a r e and endangered
s p e c i e s by t h e C a l i f o r n i a Native P l a n t
S o c i e t y (Powell 1974). It s h o u l d r e c e i v e
high p r i o r i t y f o r administrative protection.
SAN BENITO MOUNTAIN ENDEMIC. (Raven 1969).
Carex m u l t i o a u l i s B a i l e y (Cyperaceae)
Camissonia c o n t o r t a (Dougl.) Kearney
(Onagmceae)
Carew s e r r a t o d e n s W. B o o t t . , b i f i d sedge
(Cyperaceae)
.
Small a n n u a l h e r b , unimportant i n g r a s s (Raven 1969).
l a n d above 1200 m.
Camissonia g r a c i l i f l o r a (H. & A,) Raven
(Onagraceae)
.
Annual h e r b , r a r e i n g r a s s l a n d above
(Raven 1969).
1200 m.
Camissonia h i r t e l l a (Greene) Raven
(Onoagraceae)
.
P e r e n n i a l s e d g e , widely s c a t t e r e d i n
t h e f o r e s t , n o t a t a l l r i p a r i a n . DISJUNCT,
n e x t p o p u l a t i o n t o t h e n o r t h may b e Howell
Mountain, Napa County--to t h e s o u t h i n t h e
San R a f a e l Mountains, S a n t a Barbara
County. 21
.
Local i n w e t places.
Carex s u b f u s c a W . B o o t t . , r u s t y sedge
(Cyperaceae)
.
P e r e n n i a l sedge, l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
C a s t i l l e j a f o l i o l o s a H . & A.,
cup (ScropuZariaceae).
Evergreen sub-shrub,
chaparral.
woolly p a i n t e d
scattered i n
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n d i s t u r b e d
spots i n chaparral.
(Raven 1969).
camissonia i g n o t a ( J e p s . ) Raven (Onagraceae).
Annual h e r b , uncommon i n rocky s p o t s i n
c h a p a r r a l and g r a s s l a n d .
(Raven 1 9 6 9 ) .
51 Smith, C l i f t o n . 1974. A f l o r a
(Unpublished
of t h e S a n t a Barbara Region.
r e p o r t on f i l e , S a n t a Barbara Museum of
Natural History, Calif.).
C a s t i l l e j a m i n i a t a Dougl.,
brush (ScrophuZariaceae)
.
i
g r e a t red p a i n t -
P e r e n n i a l herb, conspicuous along a l l
San Benito Mountain s e r p e n t i n e c r e e k s . Rare
elsewhere i n t h e s o u t h Coast Ranges, next
r e p o r t t o t h e n o r t h i s an e x t i n c t s t a n d a t
Russ Gardens marsh, San Francisco (Thomas
1961)--to t h e s o u t h on t h e Ocean0 sand
dunes, San L u i s Obisqo County (Hoover 1970).
C a s t i l l e j a m a r t i n i i Abrams, I n d i a n paintbrush
(ScrophuZariaceae)
.
P e r e n n i a l herb, widely d i s t r i b u t e d i n
t h e more open f o r e s t and savanna. (Howitt
and Howell 1973).
C a s t i l l e j a s t e n a n t h a Gray, large-flowered
I n d i a n paintbrush (ScrophuZariaceae).
Annual herb, l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) N u t t . , buckbrush
(Rhmceae)
.
Nonsprouting evergreen shrub, common i n
t h e more i n t e r i o r c h a p a r r a l . This smallleaved, white-flowered shrub is n o t very
c l e a r l y s e p a r a t e d from C. ramulosus.
Ceanothus f o l i o s u s P a r r y v a r . medius McMinn,
wavyleaf ceanothus (Rhamnaceae).
Nonsprouting evergreen shrub, uncommon
i n c h a p a r r a l of s o u t h Coast Ranges (Hoover
1970, Thomas 1961); t h e only r e p o r t from t h e
s t u d y peaks was by McMinn (1939) on t h e
summit of Chews Ridge. I have not been
a b l e t o f i n d t h e Chews Ridge shrubs.
ceanothus i n t e g e r r i m u s H. & A . ,
(Rhanmnceae)
.
deerbrush
Sprouting deciduous shrub, widely d i s t r i b u t e d i n t h e f o r e s t and t h e more mesic
p o r t i o n s of t h e c h a p a r r a l .
Ceanothus o l i g a n t h u s N u t t . , h a i r y ceanothus
(Rhanmnceae)
.
Evergreen shrub, d i f f i c u l t t o d i s t i n guish t h e s o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a C. o l i g a n t h u s
from t h e n o r t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a C. s o r e d i a t u s .
There seems t o b e no r e a l d i f f e r e n c e between
Monterey County p l a n t s t h a t have been
i d e n t i f i e d a s e i t h e r s p e c i e s . Hoover (1970)
t r e a t e d C. s o r e d i a t u s a s a v a r . of C.
01 iganthus.
Ceanothus p a p i l l o s u s T. & G . v a r . p a p i l l o s u s
w a r t l e a f ceanothus. (Rhamnaceae).
Evergreen shrub, widely s c a t t e r e d i n
the chaparral.
Ceanothus ramulosus (Greene) McMinn, c o a s t
ceanothus (Rhormzaceae)
.
Nonsprouting evergreen shrub; t h i s
vigorous, large-leaved, pale-blue-flowered
shrub seems t o he a c o a s t a l form of t h e more
i n t e r i o r white-flowered C. cuneatus. Hoover
(1970) t r e a t e d C. ramulosus a s a c o l o r form
of C. cuneatus, but t h e Monterey County
c. ramulosus seems t o have same geographic
s e p a r a t i o n from C. cuneatus.
Ceanothus s o r e d i a t u s ( s e e C. o l i g a n t h u s )
.
Centaurea m e l i t e n s i s L , T o c a l o t e (Compositae)
Annual herb, minor weed i n g r a s s l a n d .
INTRODUCED.
Cerastium glomeratum T h u i l l . , mouse-ear chickweed (CaryophyZZaceae)
.
Annual h e r b , unimportant i n g r a s s l a n d .
INTRODUCED.
Cercocarpus b e t u l o i d e s Nutt.,
mountain-mahogany (Rosaeeae)
.
California
Sprouting evergreen shrub o r small t r e e ,
widely s c a t t e r e d i n t h e c h a p a r r a l b u t
seldom dominant. Hoover (1970) t r e a t e d a l l
t h e s o u t h e r n Santa Lucia Range shrubs a s
p a r t of t h r e e v a r . of C . m n t a n u s Raf. o r a s
c. m i n u t i f l o r u s Abrams. A l l t h e shrubs
examined on t h e study peaks seemed t o f i t
into a single species.
C h e i l a n t h e s c o v i l l e i Maxon, C o v i l l e l i p - f e r n
(Pteridaceae)
.
Small f e r n , l o c a l on rock o u t c r o p s , uncommon i n south Coast Ranges (Hoover 1970).
C h e i l a n t h e s g r a c i l l i m a D. C . Eaton, l a c e f e r n (Pteridaceae)
.
Small f e r n , l o c a l on rock o u t c r o p s .
common i n south Coast Ranges (Sharsmith
1945); t h e Santa Lucias a r e t h e s o u t h e r n
l i m i t i n t h e Coast Ranges.
Un-
.
Small f e r n , l o c a l on r o c k o u t c r o p s .
Uncommon i n t h e s o u t h Coast Ranges (Bowerman
1944, Sharsmith 1945, Thomas 1 9 6 1 ) ; i t i s
d i f f i c u l t t o s e p a r a t e some specimens of
t h i s s p e c i e s from C. c o v i l l e i .
s m a l l s e r p e n t i n e o u t c r o p s . Uncommon e l s e where i n t h e s o u t h Coast Ranges
(Sharsmith
.
1945).
2 . Ssp. a l b i c a u l i s (Nutt.) H a l l & Clem.
This form w i t h tomentose twigs i s r a r e i n
widely s e p a r a t e d rocky s p o t s , sometimes on
s e r p e n t i n e a s on P i n e Ridge. Not p r e v i o u s l y
r e p o r t e d f o r t h e s o u t h Coast Ranges.
C h e n o p d i m album L . , w h i t e pigweed
(Chenopodiaceae).
C i r s i m c a l i f o r n i c u m Gray, Bigelow t h i s t l e
(Compositue)
Annual herh, r a r e weed i n d i s t u r b e d
s p o t s . INTRODUCED.
T a l l annual o r b i e n n i a l herb, s c a t t e r e d
i n open f o r e s t and savanna.
C h i m p h i l a m e n z i e s i i (R. B r . ) Spreng.,
w e s t e r n p i p s i s s i w a (PyroZaceae).
Cirsium proteanum J. T. Howell, r e d t h i s t l e
(Compositue)
Uncommon i n rocky s p o t s i n f o r e s t .
DISJUNCT, n e x t p o p u l a t i o n t o t h e n o r t h may
b e i n Napa County--to t h e s o u t h i n t h e San
G a b r i e l s , Los Angeles County.
T a l l a n n u a l o r b i e n n i a l herb, s c a t t e r e d
i n lower e l e v a t i o n o r more i n t e r i o r h a b i t a t s
t h a n C. c a l i f o r n i c u m .
C h e i l a n t h e s i n t e r t e x t a (Maxon) Maxon,
coastal lip-fern (Pteridaceae).
Chlorogal um pomeridianum (DC .) Kunth, soapr o o t (LiZiaceae)
.
Bulb, s c a t t e r e d i n g r a s s l a n d .
C h o r i z a n t h e d o u g l a s i i Benth., Douglas s p i n e f l o w e r (PoZygonaceae)
.
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n g r a s s l a n d ,
particularly i n bare spots o r disturbed
areas a s along t r a i l s .
C h o r i z a n t h e munbranacea Benth., p i n k s p i n e f l o w e r (PoZygonaeeae)
.
Annual h e r h , s c a t t e r e d i n g r a s s l a n d .
C h o r i z a n t h e s t a t i c o i d e s Benth., T u r k i s h
rugging (PoZygonaceae).
Annual h e r b , uncommon i n d i s t u r b e d o r
open s p o t s .
C h r y s o p s i s v i l l o s a (Pursh) N u t t . , h a i r y
g o l d e n - a s t e r (Compositae)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r h , s c a t t e r e d i n rocky
p o r t i o n s of g r a s s l a n d and savanna.
Chrysothamr~usnriuseosus ( P a l l . ) R r i r r a n ,
r a b b i c b r u s h (Composiure)
.
Shrub, p a r t l y l e a f l e s s by l a t e summer,
two d i s t i n c t forms o n t h e s t u d y peaks:
1. Ssp. m h a v e n s i s H a l l & Clem. T h i s
form w i t h g l a n d u l a r t w i g s is common i n open
s p a t s on t h e San B e n i t o Mountain s e r p e n t i n e ,
on Chews Ridge i t i s l o c a l l y common i n
savanna a l o n g t h e summit on, o r n e a r , t h e
.
.
C l a r k i a b o t t a e (Spach) Lewis & Lewis, h i l l
c l a r k i a (Onagmceae).
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n g r a s s l a n d and
savanna.
C l a r k i a modesta J e p s . , modest c l a r k i a
(Onagraceae)
.
Annual h e r b , uncommon i n savanna.
C l a r k i a purpurea (Curt .) Nels. & Macbr. s s p .
q u a d r i v u l n e r a (Dougl .) Lewis & Lewis
(Onagmceae)
.
Annual h e r b , widely s c a t t e r e d i n g r a s s l a n d and savanna.
C l a r k i a rhomboidea Dougl. (Onagmceae).
Annual h e r b , r a r e i n savanna.
C l a r k i a u n g u i c u l a t a L i n d l . , canyon c l a r k i a
(Onagraceae)
.
Annual h e r b , widely s c a t t e r e d i n open
f o r e s t and savanna.
C l e m a t i s l a s i a n t h a Nutt.,
(RanuncuZaceae).
pipestem
Deciduous woody v i n e , s c a t t e r e d i n
chaparral.
C l e m a t i s l i g u s t i c i f o l i a N u t t . , Yerba de
C h i v a t a . (RanucuZaceae)
.
Deciduous woody v i n e , l o c a l i n canyon
bottoms and r i p a r i a n h a b i t a t s .
C o l l i n s i a c h i l d i i P a r r y , C h i l d blue-eyedn a r y (ScrophuZariaceae)
.
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n f o r e s t .
Collinsia heterophylla Buist.,
houses ( S c r o p h u l a r i a c e a e )
.
Chinese-
Annual herb, s c a t t e r e d i n savanna.
Collomia g r a n d i f l o r a Dougl., l a r g e - f l o w e r e d
c o l l o m i a (Polemoniaceae)
.
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n savanna.
Collomia h e t e r o p h y l l a Dougl., v a r i e d - l e a v e d
c o l l a m i a (Polemoniaceae)
.
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n f o r e s t
C o r a l l o r h i z a maculata Raf., s p o t t e d c o r a l
r o o t (Orchidaceae).
S a p r o p h y t i c h e r b , s c a t t e r e d from Chews
Ridge t o P i n e Ridge under t h e d e n s e s t f o r e s t ,
seems t o b e m i s s i n g from many "promising"
mesic f o r e s t h a b i t a t s i n t h e S a n t a L u c i a s ,
next p o p u l a t i o n t o t h e s o u t h o r s o u t h e a s t
probably i n Kern County (Twisselmann 1 9 6 7 ) .
Cordylanthus r i g i d u s (Benth.)
beak ( S c r o p h u l a r i a c e a e ) .
Jeps., b i r d s
Annual h e r b , w i d e l y s c a t t e r e d i n open
rocky s p o t s , sometimes a s a t r a i l - s i d e weed.
c o r e t h r o g y n e f i l a g i n i f o l i a (H. & A.) N u t t . ,
common c a r e t h r o g y n e (Compositae)
.
i
Perennial herb, s c a t t e r e d i n grassland
and savanna.
Cornus o c c i d e n t a l i s (T. & G.) Cov., w e s t e r n
c r e e k dogwood (Cornaceae)
.
L a r g e deciduous s h r u b , r a r e i n wet s p o t s
above 1200 m.
Cryptantha c l e v e l a n d i i Greene v a r . f l o r o s a
J t n . (Boraginaceae)
c u s c u t a c a l i f o r n i c a H . & A., C a l i f o r n i a
dodder (Cuscutuceae)
.
P a r a s i t i c herbaceous v i n e , widely
s c a t t e r e d on a v a r i e t y of h o s t s : o t h e r
s p e c i e s of dodder may have been confused
w i t h t h i s s p e c i e s o r overlooked. ,.
Cycladenia h u m i l i s Benth. v a r . venusta
(Eastw.) Woodson (Apocynaceae)
.
Low p e r e n n i a l h e r b ; one colony on t h e
summit of J u n i p e r o S e r r a Peak ( t h e t y p e
l o c a l i t y f o r t h i s v a r . ) and t h r e e t i n y
c o l o n i e s around t h e head of South D e v i l s
Canyon on Cone Peak a r e known i n t h e S a n t a
L u c i a s . DISJUNCT, c l o s e s t p o p u l a t i o n of
v a r . h u m i l i s t o t h e n o r t h i s i n Napa County-t o t h e s o u t h t h e c l o s e s t r e c o r d of t h i s
s o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a v a r . venusta i s i n t h e
upper Cuyama V a l l e y , Ventura County.
61
Cynoglossum grande Dougl., w e s t e r n houndstongue (Boraginaceae).
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , unimportant i n f o r e s t
above 1200 m.
C y s t o p t e r i s f r a g i l i s (L.) Bernh., b r i t t l e
f e r n (Aspidiaceae)
.
Small f e r n , l o c a l on shady rock outcrops.
D a t i s c a glomerata ( P r e s l ) B a i l l . , Durango
root (Datiscaceae)
T a l l p e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
.
Delphinium n u d i c a u l e T . & G.,
(RanuncuZaceae)
.
red larkspur
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n shady, rocky
s p o t s w i t h some wet s p o t s .
Delphinium p a r r y i Gray, P a r r y l a r k s p u r
(RanuncuZaceae)
.
.
Perennial herb, s c a t t e r e d i n f o r e s t
and savanna.
Cryptantha mariposae J t n . (Boraginaceae).
Delphinium p a t e n s Benth., c o a s t l a r k s p u r
(RanuncuZaceae)
Annual h e r b , uncommon on San B e n i t a
Mountain s e r p e n t i n e .
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , unimportant i n f o r e s t
and savanna above 1200 m.
Annual h e r b .
Cryptantha m u r i c a t a (H. & A.) N e l s . h
Macbr. v a r . j o n e s i i (Gray) J t n . ,
(Boraginaceae)
.
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n open and
disturbed spots.
.
61 Smith, C l i f t o n . 1974. A f l o r a of
t h e S a n t a Barbara Region. (Unpublished
r e p o r t an f i l e , S a n t a Barbara Museum of
Natural History, C a l i f . ) .
E l e o c h a r i s p a r i s h i i B r i t t . (Cyperaceae).
Dendromecon r ~ g i d aBenth., bush POPPY
(Papavemceae)
.
Evergreen s h r u b , s c a t t e r e d i n c h a p a r r a l .
Dentarza ~ n t e g r i f o l l aNutt.,
(Cmcciferae)
.
milkmaids
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , abundant i n Spanish
Lake ( f i g . 3)
(Twisselmann 1967)
.
.
Elymus g l a u c u s Buckl., w e s t e r n r y e g r a s s
(Gramineae)
.
.
P e r e n n r a l h e r b . Var c u n e a t a (Greene)
3 . T. Howell i s s c a t t e r e d i n t h e p i n e f o r e s t
on San B e n i t o Mountain. Var. s l n u a t a
(Greene) i s r a r e i n c r e e k o n P i n e Ridge.
Var. c a l l f o r n i c a ( N u t t , ) Jepson is common
i n t h e mixed e v e r g r e e n f o r e s t a t lower
e l e v a t i o n s i n t h e S a n t a L u c i a s b u t may n o t
r e a c h 1200 m e l e v a t x o n .
Deschampsla e l o n g a t a (Hook.) Munra, s l e n d e r
h a i r g r a s s (Gmmineae)
.
P e r e n n i a l g r a s s , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
D i c e n t r a c h r y s a n t h a (H. & A.) Walp., golden
ear-drops ( F w r i a c e a e )
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , uncommon i n widely
s e p a r a t e d rocky s p o t s .
T a l l p e r e n n i a l g r a s s , widespread i n t h e
more open p o r t i o n s of t h e f o r e s t . A v a r i a b l e
s p e c i e s , t h e pubescent form s s p . j e p s o n i i
(Davy) Gould i s n o t common. Howitt and
Howell (1973) r e p o r t one c o l l e c t i o n from
Chews Ridge. Steven N . T a l l e y made one
c o l l e c t i o n on P i n e Ridge. S c a t t e r e d p l a n t s
w i t h s h o r t awns approach s s p . v i r e s c e n s
( P i p e r ) Gould, some s m a l l p l a n t s w i t h mostly
one s p i k e l e t p e r node may b e confused w i t h
Agropyron
.
Elymus t r i t i c o i d e s Buckl., b e a r d l e s s w i l d
r y e (Gramineae)
.
T a l l p e r e n n i a l g r a s s , unimportant above
1200 m .
Emmenanthe p e n d u l i f l o r a Bench., w h i s p e r i n g
b e l l s (HydrophyZZaceae)
.
Disporum h o o k e r i (Torr.) N i c h o l s . , f a i r y
b e l l s (Litiaceae)
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , unimportant i n f o r e s t
abave 1200 m.
.
D r y o p t e r i s a r g u t a (Kaulf.) Maxon, c o a s t a l
wood f e r n ( A s p i d i a c e a e ) .
Annual h e r b , r a r e on s t u d y peaks, b u t
a f t e r a f i r e o r c l e a r i n g t h i s s p e c i e s might
be conspicuous f o r 1 o r 2 y e a r s , t h e San
B e n i t o Mountain p l a n t s appear t o be v a r .
r o s e a Brand, which i s u s u a l l y confined t o
s e r p e n t i n e (Wicklow 1 9 6 6 ) .
P e r e n n i a l f e r n , unimportant i n f o r e s t
abave 1200 m.
Epilobium minutum L i n d l . , minute willow-herb
(Onagraceae)
.
Annual h e r b , uncommon i n f o r e s t openings.
Dudleya cymosa (Lem.) B r i t t . & Rose s s p .
minor (Rose) Moran, (CrassuZaceae).
S u c c u l e n t p e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l on r o c k
o u t c r o p s ; v a r i a b l e , more t h a n one s u b s p e c i e s
may b e i n v o l v e d .
Eburophyton a u s t i n a e (Gray) H e l l e r , phantom
o r c h i d (Orchidaceae).
Tiny a n n u a l h e r b , abundant i n Spanish
Lake ( f i g . 3 ) , p o p u l a t i o n seems t o b e t h e
a n n u a l montane form of t h i s w i d e l y d i s t r i buted marsh s p e c i e s .
Annual h e r b , unimportant above 1200 m.
Epilobium w a t s o n i i Barb. v a r . franciscanurn
(Barb .) J e p s . , c o a s t cottanweed (Onagmceae)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s
Saprophytic herb, r a r e an t h e study
peaks, r a r e elsewhere i n t h e s o u t h Coast
Ranges (Thomas 1 9 6 1 ) , n e x t p o p u l a t i o n t o
t h e s o u t h may b e i n t h e San Bernardino
Mountains.
E l e o c h a r i s a c i c u l a r i s (L.) R. & S . v a r .
b e l l a P i p e r , n e e d l e s p i k e r u s h (Cyperaceae)
Epilobium paniculatum N u t t . ex T. & G . ,
summer cottonweed (Onagraceae).
E p i p a c t i s g i g a n t e a Dougl., s t r e a m o r c h i d
(Orchidaceae)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , only n o t i c e d i n a s p r i n g
n e a r Roosevelt Creek on J u n i p e r o S e r r a Peak.
.
Equisetum l a e v i g a t u m A. Br.,
t a i l (Equisetaeeae).
C a l i f o r n i a horse-
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
Eguisetum t e l m a t e i a E h r h a r t , g i a n t h o r s e t a i l (Equisetaceae)
Eriogonum g r a c i l e Benth., s l e n d e r woolly buckwheat (PoZygonaceae)
.
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
i
I
E r l a s t r u m d e n s l f o l i u m (Benth.) Mason, manyl e a v e d e r i a s t r u m (PoZemoniaceae).
Perennial herb, s c a t t e r e d i n chaparral,
t h e p l a n t s approach s s p . a u s t r o m n t a n u m
(Craig) Mason, which i s t h e most montane
form. The s t u d y peaks a r e n e a r t h e n o r t h e r n
l i m i t f a r t h i s southern California species.
Erigeron f o l i o s u s Nutt.,
(Compositae)
leafy daisy
.
Perennial herb, widely d i s t r i b u t e d i n
open h a b i t a t s .
Eriogonum h i r t i f l o r u m Gray, hairy-flowered
buckwheat (PoZygonaceae)
.
E r i g e r o n p e t r o p h i l u s Greene, r o c k d a i s y
(Compositae)
.
m.
Low p e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l on rock outcrops.
.
.
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , uncommon i n rocky s p o t s .
Evergreen s h r u b , widely s c a t t e r e d i n
disturbed spots i n o r near the chaparral.
Eriogonum s a x a t i l e Wats., r o c k buckwheat
(Polygonaceae)
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l on very rocky
s p o t s . Rare elsewhere i n t h e s o u t h Coast
Ranges (Hoover 1970, Sharsmith 1945, Thomas
1961).
.
E r i o d i c t y o n tomentosum Benth., woolly Yerba
S a n t a (HydmphyZZaceae)
Evergreen s h r u b , s c a t t e r e d i n d i s t u r b e d
s p a t s , t h e s t u d y peaks are n e a r t h e n o r t h e r n
l i m i t f o r t h i s s o u t h Coast Range endemic.
.
Eriogonum covilleanum Eastw. (PoZygonaceae)
Annual h e r b , n o t i m p o r t a n t above 1200
(Reveal 1970)
Eriogonumnudum Dougl. v a r . i n d i c t u m ( J e p s . )
Reveal (Pozygonaceae)
E r i o d i c t y o n c a l i f o r n i c u m (H. & A.) T o r r . ,
Yerba S a n t a (HydrophyZZaceae)
i
Annual h e r b , e x t r e m e l y v a r i a b l e populat i o n s w i d e l y s c a t t e r e d i n open s p o t s . The
a n n u a l buckwheats a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h i s and
r e l a t e d s p e c i e s i n t h e subgenus Oregonium
a r e v e r y d i f f i c u l t t o s e p a r a t e , qnd many
specimens do n o t f i t d e s c r i b e d t a x a .
James L. Reveal ( p e r s o n a l communication,
Nov. 1 4 , 1972, O c t . 1 6 , 1973) c a l l e d t h i s
group t h e most d i f f i c u l t i n t h e genus and
s u g g e s t e d t h a t a t l e a s t one new s p e c i e s might
be d e s c r i b e d from s t u d y peak m a t e r i a l , t h e
San B e n i t o Mountain p o p u l a t i o n s a r e p a r t i c u l a r l y confusing.
.
Annual h e r b , widely s c a t t e r e d i n d i s t u r b e d o r open s p o t s o n San B e n i t o Mountain
s e r p e n t i n e . (Munz 1968).
Eriogonum d a v i d s o n i i Greene (PoZygonaceae).
Annual h e r b , v a r i a b l e p o p u l a t i o n s widely
s c a t t e r e d i n open s p o t s .
Eriogonum elongatum Benth. v a r . elongatum
long-stemmed buckwheat (Pozygonaceae)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , uncommon i n rocky a r e a s .
Eriogonum f a s c i c u l a t u m Benth. v a r . f o l i o l o s u m
(Nutt.) S. S t o k e s , C a l i f o r n i a buckwheat
(PoZygonaceae)
.
Evergreen sub-shrub o r s h r u b , w i d e l y
d i s t r i b u t e d i n open rocky h a b i t a t s , one of
t h e few woody p l a n t s prominent i n t h e . c o a s t a l
s a g e s c r u b t h a t c o n t i n u e s upwards i n d i s t r i b u t i o n t o t h e t o p s of t h e h i g h e s t r i d g e s .
Eriogonum spergulinum Gray v a r . reddingianum
(Jones) J . T. Howell (Pozygonaceae).
Annual h e r b , n o t i m p o r t a n t above 1200 m.
Eriogonum umbellaturn T o r r . v a r . bahiiforme
(T. & G.) J e p s . , s u l p h u r f l o w e r
(PoZygonaceae)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , widely d i s t r i b u t e d on
s e r p e n t i n e a n San B e n i t o Mountain ( t h e t y p e
l o c a l i t y ) , not reported i n t h e Santa Lucias
u n t i l 1972, when S t e v e n N. T a l l e y n o t i c e d it
on t h e P i n e Ridge s e r p e n t i n e . The s t u d y
peaks a r e n e a r t h e s o u t h e r n l i m i t f o r t h i s
s e r p e n t i n e endemic v a r i e t y , which i s uncommon
elsewhere i n t h e s a u t h Coast Ranges (Reveal
1970, Sharsmith 1 9 4 5 ) .
Eriophyllum c o n f e r t i f l o r u m (DC.) Gray,
golden-yarrow (Compositae)
.
Evergreen sub-shrub, widely d i s t r i b u t e d
i n a v a r i e t y of h a b i t a t s .
Annual h e r b , minor i n g r a s s l a n d .
INTRODUCED.
n o t been a b l e t o f i n d any San B e n i t o Mountain
p l a n t s o r even any r e p o r t s s i n c e J e p s o n ' s
d i s c o v e r y . L i s t e d a s a r a r e and endangered
s p e c i e s by t h e C a l i f o r n i a N a t i v e P l a n t
S o c i e t y (Powell 1974). DIABLO RANGE ENDEMIC.
Eryngium a r i s t u l a t u m J e p s . , c o y o t e - t h i s t l e
(OmbeZZiferae)
F r i t i l l a r i a lanceolata Pursh., cbecker-lily
(LiZiaceae)
Annual h e r b , v e r n a l pool s p e c i e s common
i n Spanish Lake ( f i g . 3)
Bulb, uncommon i n s e v e r a l f o r e s t
habitats.
Erysimum c a p i t a t u m (Dougl.) Greene, w e s t e r n
w a l l f l o w e r (Cmrciferae)
F r i t i l l a r i a viridea K e l l
Erodium c i c u t a r i u m (L .) L ' H e r . ,
f i l a r e e (Geraniuceae)
.
red-s temmed
.
.
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , widely s c a t t e r e d i n
rocky s p o t s b u t n e v e r common.
E s c h s c h o l z i a c a l i f o r n i c a Cham. C a l i f o r n i a
poppy (Papaveraceae)
.
Annual o r p e r e n n i a l h e r b , minor i n g r a s s land.
F e s t u c a r u b r a L . , r e d f e s c u e (Gramineae)
P e r e n n i a l g r a s s , r a r e i n wet s p o t s .
F e s t u c a ( s e e Vulpia f o r annual s p e c i e s )
Filago c a l i f o r n i c a Nutt
r o s e (Compositae)
.
., C a l i f o r n i a
cotton-
Annual h e r b , unimportant i n g r a s s l a n d
above 1200 m.
F i l a g o g a l l i c a L., narrow-leaved f i l a g a
(Compositae)
.
Annual h e r b , unimportant i n g r a s s l a n d
above 1200 a. INTRODUCED.
F r e m n t o d e n d r o n c a l i f o r n i c u m Cov.,
bush ( S t e r c u l i a c e a e )
.
flannel
Evergreen s h r u b , uncommon i n t h e s o u t h
Coast Range c h a p a r r a l (Hoover 1970, Thomas
1961). A colony i n upper E a s t San C a r l o s
Creek canyon o n San B e n i t o Mountain
approaches s s p . c r a s s i f o l i u m (Eastw.) Munz
i n form; t h e S a n t a L u c i a Range s h r u b s ,
i n c l u d i n g t h o s e a t t h e w e s t e r n b a s e of
J u n i p e r o S n r r a Peak, were r e f e r r e d t o s s p .
o b i s p o e n s e (Eastw.) Munz by Howitt and
Howell (1973)
.
F r i t i l l a r i a f a l c a t a ( J e p s . ) D. E. B e e t l e
(LiZiaceae)
Bulb, r e s t r i c t e d t o s e r p e n t i n e n e a r San
B e n i t o Mountain ( t h e t y p e l o c a l i t y ) and t h e
Red Mountain r e g i o n of t h e Mount Hamilton
Range ( B e e t l e 1944, Sharsmith 1 9 4 5 ) . 1 have
.
.
. (LiZiaceae) .
Bulb, widely s c a t t e r e d on San B e n i t o
Mountain s e r p e n t i n e ( t h e t y p e l o c a l i t y ) . The
p l a n t a l s o o c c u r s on some S a n t a L u c i a Range
s e r p e n t i n e h a b i t a t s and should be looked f o r
a n P i n e Ridge. Munz (1959) i n c l u d e d t h i s
s p e c i e s w i t h F. l a n c e o l a t a .
Galium a n d r e w s i i Gray, phlox-leaved bedstraw
(Rubiaceae)
.
Low p e r e n n i a l h e r b ; t h e g l a b r o u s d i p l o i d
( n = l l ) form, s s p . a n d r e w s i i is s c a t t e r e d i n
widely s e p a r a t e d p a r t s of b o t h Diablo and
S a n t a L u c i a Ranges. A l l t h e specimens I c o l l e c t e d from t h e San B e n i t o Mountain s e r p e n t i n e
were t h e v a r i a b l e pubescent o c t o p l o i d (n=44)
form, s s p . g a t e n s e (Demp.) Demp. & S t e b .
(Dempster and S t e b b i n s 1 9 6 8 ) .
Galium a n g u s t i f o l i u m N u t t . s s p . a n g u s t i f o l i u m
(Rubiaceae)
.
S u f f r u t e s c e n t p e r e n n i a l , s c a t t e r e d on
rocky s o u t h exposures. The s t u d y peaks a r e
near t h e northern l i m i t f o r t h i s southern
C a l i f o r n i a s p e c i e s (Dempster and S t e b b i n s
1971)
.
Galium a p a r i n e L., goose-grass (Rubiaceae).
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d under dense hardwood f o r e s t s . INTRODUCED.
Galium c a l i f o r n i c u m H . & A., C a l i f o r n i a
bedstraw (Rubiaceae)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , a n extremely v a r i a b l e
s p e c i e s complex i n t h e S a n t a Lucias
(Dempster and S t e b b i n s 1 9 6 8 ) ; a t l e a s t two
s u b s p e c i e s occur a n t h e s t u d y peaks:
1. SSD. flaccidurn (Greene) Demo. & S t e b .
Widely s c a t t e r e d i n a v a r i e t y of f o r e s t
h a b i t a t s , a n extremely v a r i a b l e o c t o p l o i d
(n=44) form of t h e s p e c i e s .
2 . Ssp. l u c i e n s e Demp. & S t e b . I n
appearance t h i s t e t r a p l a i d (n=22) form i s
s o r t of i n t e r m e d i a t e between G. c a l i f o r n i c u m
s s p . flaccidurn and G. c l e m e n t i s . The b u l k of
t h i s s u b s p e c i e s ' d i s t r i b u t i o n is on Cone Peak
above 1200 m. It i s probably t h e r a r e s t of
t h e S a n t a Lucia Range endemic t a x a on t h e
s t u d y peaks. A few p l a n t s n e a r G. c l e m e n t i s
c o l o n i e s on Ventana Double Cane h a v e been
t e n t a t i v e l y a s s i g n e d t o s s p . l u c i e n s e by
Lauramay Dempster. L i s t e d a s a r a r e and
endangered p l a n t by t h e C a l i f o r n i a N a t i v e
P l a n t S o c i e t y (Powell 1 9 7 4 ) . SANTA LUCIA
RANGE ENDEMIC.
G i l i a a c h i l l e a e f o l i a Bentb.,
g i l i a (PoZemoniaoeae)
.
California
Annual h e r b , uncommon i n savanna and
grassland.
G i l i a c l i v o r m ( J e p s . ) V . Grant
(PoZemoniaceae)
.
Annual h e r b , minor i n g r a s s l a n d .
G i l i a s p l e n d e n s Dougl. (Potemoniaceae).
Galium c l e m e n t i s Eastw.,
(Rubiaceae)
.
S a n t a Lucia bedstraw
Low matted, p e r e n n i a l h e r b , d i s t r i b u t i o n
i s l a r g e l y confined t o t h r e e s t u d y peaks w i t h
t h e most p l a n t s a n Cone Peak, l i s t e d a s a
r a r e and endangered s p e c i e s by t h e C a l i f o r n i a
N a t i v e P l a n t S o c i e t y (Powell 1 9 7 4 ) .
SANTA LUCIA
(Dempster and S t e b b i n s 1968).
RANGE ENDEMIC.
Annual h e r b , uncommon i n savanna and
f o r e s t openings, t h e s t u d y peaks a r e n e a r
t h e northern l i m i t f o r t h e species.
G i l i a t e n u i f l o r a Benth
. (Pozemoniaceae) .
Annual h e r b , n o t i m p o r t a n t above 1200 m,
d i f f i c u l t t o d i s t i n g u i s h from G. s p l e n d e n s ,
Hoover (1970) d i d n o t r e c o g n i z e G . s p l e n d e n s
i n the southern Santa Lucias
.
Galium n u t t a l l i i Gray s s p . o v a l i f o l i u m
(Demp.) Demp. & S t e b . , c l i m b i n g b e d s t r a w
(Rubiaceae)
Gnaphalium b e n w l e n s A. Davids.,
e v e r l a s t i n g (Compositae).
P e r e n n i a l herbaceous v i n e , s c a t t e r e d i n
c h a p a r r a l and dry f o r e s t openings.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n rocky s p o t s ,
d i f f i c u l t t o s e p a r a t e from G . microcephalum
Nutt.
.
Garrya congdonl Eastw. i n t e r i o r s i l k - t a s s l e
(Garryaceae)
.
Evergreen s h r u b , t h i s s e r p e n t i n e
endemic h a s been r e p o r t e d i n San B e n i t o
County (Sharsmith 1945) and t h e a d j a c e n t
Diablo Range of Manterey County (Howitt and
Howell 1964) and Fresno County. Some of t h e
San B e n i t o Mountain s h r u b s approach t h i s
s p e c i e s , b u t they could a l s o b e p l a c e d i n
t h e v a r i a b l e G. f l a v e s c e n s .
fragrant
G u t i e r r e z i a b r a c t e a t a Abrams, San J o a q u i n
matchweed (Compositae)
.
Small e v e r g r e e n s h r u b , n o t i m p o r t a n t
above 1200 m ( S o l b r i g 1965).
Habenaria e l e q a n s ( L i n d l .) Boland
h a b e n a r i a (Orchidaceae)
.
., s l e n d e r
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n shady
forest habitats.
Garrya f l a v e s c e n s Wats. v a r . p a l l i d a (Eastw.)
Bacig. ex Ewan, ashy s i l k - t a s s l e (Garryaceae)
Haplopappus s g u a r r o s u s H . & A.,
goldenbush (Compositae)
Evergreen s h r u b , widely d i s t r i b u t e d i n
t h e c h a p a r r a l b u t seldom common i n any one
s p o t . D i f f e r e n c e s between t h e S a n t a L u c i a
Range s h r u b s and t h e Diablo Range s h r u b s on
s e r p e n t i n e t h a t have been c a l l e d G. congdoni
appear t o b e s l i g h t .
Small e v e r g r e e n s h r u b , l o c a l o n rocky
spots.
.
Helenium puherulum DC.,
sawtooth
r o s i l l a (Compositae).
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
Gayophytum h e t e r o z y q m Lewis & Szweykowski
(Onagraceae)
Hemitomes conqestum Gray, gnome p l a n t
(Pyrolaceae)
Annual h e r b , uncommon i n f o r e s t openi n g s . DISJUNCT, c l o s e s t p o p u l a t i o n is
~ r o b a b l vi n t h e San R a f a e l Mountains, S a n t a
Barbara-county (Smith 1 9 7 4 ) . ( ~ o w i t tand
Howell 1973)
Saprophyte, one p l a n t s e e n under scrubby
mixed e v e r g r e e n f o r e s t on Ventana Double Cone
a t 1200 m e l e v a t i o n , a l l C a l i f o r n i a r e p o r t s
of t h i s s p e c i e s concern low e l e v a t i o n r e d wood f o r e s t h a b i t a t s .
.
.
.
Hemizonia p a n i c u l a t a Gray, San Diego t a w e e d
(Compositae)
.
Annual h e r b , uncommon on San B e n i t o
Mountain s e r p e n t i n e . Hoover (1970) a s s i g n e d
some San L u i s Obispo p l a n t s a n s e r p e n t i n e t o
s s p . p a n i c u l a t a . The San B e n i t o c o l l e c t i o n
seems t o b e a r a t h e r i n t e r i o r and northward
e x t e n s i o n of t h i s t y p i c a l s u b s p e c i e s (Munz
1959).
Heracleum maximum Bartram, caw-parsnip
(UmbeZZiferae)
.
T a l l p e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
(Howitt and Howell 1973)
.
Hesperolinon disjuncturn H. K . Sharsm.
(Linaceae)
.
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d o n San B e n i t o
Mountain s e r p e n t i n e , a s e r p e n t i n e endemic of
t h e i n n e r Coast Ranges (Sharsmith 1 9 6 1 ) .
Hesperolinon micranthum (Gray) Small, smallflowered dwarf-flax ( L i n a c e a e ) .
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d on P i n e Ridge
s e r p e n t i n e , o f t e n on s e r p e n t i n e i n t h e S a n t a
L u c i a Range (Sharsmith 1961).
Heteromeles a r b u t i f o l i a M. Roem., toyon
(Rosaceae)
.
Evergreen shrub o r s m a l l t r e e , s c a t t e r e d
i n chaparral.
Hieracium a l b i f l o r u m Hook., white-flowered
hawkweed (Cornpositae).
Perennial herb, scattered i n coniferous
forests.
Hieracium argutum N u t t . v a r . p a r i s h i i (Gray)
J e p s (Compositae)
.
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n rocky s p o t s .
Some of t h e most common and v a r i a b l e p l a n t s
a r e on P i n e Ridge--just above t h e Big Sur
Canyon where h y b r i d s between t h i s s p e c i e s
and H. a l b i f l o r u m have been r e p o r t e d
(Anderson and S t e b b i n s 1 9 5 4 ) . The s t u d y
peaks a r e n e a r t h e n o r t h e r n l i m i t s f o r t h i s
species.
Holodiscus m i c r o p h y l l u s Rydb. (Rosaceae)
.
Low deciduous shrub, s c a t t e r e d on rocky
r i d g e t o p s . There i s some q u e s t i o n a s t o how
c l e a r l y t h i s i s i s o l a t e d from H. d i c o l o r .
DISJUNCT, t h e n e x t p o p u l a t i o n t o t h e n o r t h
may b e i n Mendocino County--to t h e s o u t h e a s t
i n T u l a r e County. Some S a n t a Barbara County
p l a n t s resemble t h i s s p e c i e s . 7 /
. .,
Hordeum c a l i f o r n i c u m Covas & S t e b
C a l i f o r n i a b a r l e y (Grmnineae)
P e r e n n i a l bunchgrass, uncommon i n
s e a s o n a l l y wet s p o t s .
Hordeum glaucum Steud., w a l l b a r l e y
(Gramineae)
.
Annual g r a s s , minor weed i n d i s t u r b e d
s p o t s . INTRODUCED.
Hulsea heterochroma Gray, red-eyed h u l s e a
(Compositue)
.
Perennial herb, r a r e i n disturbed
spots.
Hypericum formsum HBK. v a r . s c o u l e r i
(Hook.) C o u l t . , S c o u l e r S t . Johns wort
(Hypericaceae)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
Juncus bufonius L . toad r u s h (Juncaceae).
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n s e a s o n a l l y
wet s p o t s .
Juncus effusus L . v a r . p a c i f i c u s Fern. &
Wieg. (Juncaceas)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
J u n c u s p a t e n s E . Mey., common rush
(Juncaceae)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
Juncus r u g u l o s u s Engelm. (Juncaceae).
T a l l p e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
Holodiscus d i s c o l o r (Pursh) Maxim., cream
bush (Rosaeeoe)
.
T a l l deciduous s h r u b , a n i m p o r t a n t
u n d e r s t o r y shrub i n p a r t s of t h e mixed
e v e r g r e e n f o r e s t a t lower e l e v a t i o n b u t
unimportant above 1200 m.
71 Smith, C l i f t o n . 1974. A f l o r a
of t h e S a n t a B a r b a r a Region. (Unpublished
r e p o r t on f i l e , S a n t a Barbara Museum of
Natural History, Calif.).
Juniperus c a l i f o r n i c a Carr., California
j u n i p e r (Cupressaceae).
i
<
Large e v e r g r e e n s h r u b , s c a t t e r e d i n
t h e non-serpentine savanna a t lower e l e v a t i o n on San B e n i t o Mountain b u t unimportant
above 1200 m.
K o e l e r i a macrantha (Ledeb .) Sreng., Juneg r a s s (Grmnineae)
.
P e r e n n i a l b u n c h g r a s s , minor i n g r a s s land.
Lactuca s e r r i o l a L. p r i c k l y l e t t u c e
(Compositae)
.
Annual h e r b , minor weed i n d i s t u r b e d
s p o t s . INTRODUCED.
Lathyrus v e s t i t u s Nutt. ssp. puberulus
(White) C. L . H i t c h . (Legumimsae)
.
P e r e n n i a l herbaceous v i n e , widely
scattered i n forest habitats.
Layia d i s c o i d e a Keck, r a y l e s s l a y i a
(Compositae)
.
Small annual h e r b , r e s t r i c t e d t o a few
s e r p e n t i n e s i t e s on San B e n i t o Mountain,
r e c o g n i z e d a s a r a r e and endangered s p e c i e s
by t h e C a l i f o r n i a N a t i v e P l a n t S o c i e t y
(Powell 1974). T h i s s p e c i e s was a n import a n t example i n t h e development of bios v s t e m a t i c s (Keck 1 9 5 7 ) . I t should have
high p r i o r i t y f o r administrative protection.
SAN BENITO MOUNTAIN ENDEMIC.
i
i
Lepechznia c a l y c i n a (Benth.)
sage (Labiatae)
.
Epl., pitcher
Aromatic, s u f f r u t e s c e n t p e r e n n i a l ,
uncamon i n c h a p a r r a l .
Lewisia r e d i v i v a Pursh., b i t t e r r o o t
(PortuZacaceae)
.
Acaulescent perennial herb, r a r e on
San B e n i t o Mountain s e r p e n t i n e , r a r e e l s e where i n t h e s o u t h Coast Ranges where i t i s
o f t e n , b u t not always, a s s o c i a t e d with
s e r p e n t i n e (Bowerman 1944, Hoover 1970,
Sharsmith 1945, Thomas 1 9 6 1 ) .
Libocedrus d e c u r r e n s T a r r . , incense-cedar
(Cupressaceae).
Evergreen t r e e , i n t h e S a n t a L u c i a s
incense-cedar is c o n c e n t r a t e d i n canyon
bottoms o r shady r a v i n e s e x c e p t f o r t h e
t r e e s on t h e exposed s e r p e n t i n e of P i n e
Ridge. On San B e n i t o Mountain t h i s t r e e is
w i d e l y d i s t r i b u t e d on exposed upland s l o p e s .
A l i c e Eastwood's (1897) s u g g e s t i o n t h a t
e x t e n s i v e l o g g i n g of incense-cedar o c c u r r e d
o n "Santa L u c i a Peak" seems improbable. If
t h e San Antonio Mission b u i l d e r s used i n c e n s e c e d a r ( i t is n o t c l e a r t h a t they d i d ) , t h e y
may have c u t t h e r e l a t i v e l y a c c e s s i b l e t r e e s
a l o n g t h e Arroyo Seca Creek n e a r Memorial
Park. I doubt t h a t t h e Mission b u i l d e r s used
t r e e s from e i t h e r t h e Cone Peak o r J u n i p e r o
S e r r a Peak f o r e s t s . There remains, however,
a problem of who produced t h e few m y s t e r i o u s
stumps n e a r t h e head of S a n t a L u c i a Creek
(H. B. C a h i l l [ p e r s o n a l communication,
J a n . 29, 19741). The San B e n i t o Mountain
f o r e s t was h e a v i l y logged f o r mine t i m b e r s 8/
(Brewer n / d , J e p s o n n l d , G r i f f i n 1974a).
DISJUNCT, c l o s e s t s t a n d t o t h e n o r t h i s i n
n o r t h e r n Napa County--to t h e s o u t h i n t h e
S i e r r a Madre, S a n t a Barbara County ( G r i f f i n
and C r i t c h f i e l d 1 9 7 2 ) .
L i l i u m pardalinum K e l l . , t i g e r l i l y
(LiZiaceae)
Bulb, l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
.
L i n a n t h u s arnbiguus (Rattan) Greene, serpent i n e l i n a n t h u s (PoZemoniaceae)
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d on s e r p e n t i n e on
San B e n i t o Mountain, l a r g e l y a s e r p e n t i n e
endemic i n t h e i n n e r Coast Ranges.
.
L i n a n t h u s a n d r o s a c e u s (Benth.)
g i l i a (PoZemoniaceae)
.
Greene, shower
Annual h e r b , w i d e l y d i s t r i b u t e d i n open
s p o t s , most of t h e d e s c r i b e d s u b s p e c i e s do
n o t seem v e r y h e l p f u l l o c a l l y , b u t t h e
b r i g h t yellow form, s s p . l u t e u s (Benth.)
Mason was q u i t e d i s t i n c t on Chews Ridge
a l t h o u g h uncommon.
L i n a n t h u s c i l i a t u s (Benth.) Greene, w i s k e r
brush (PoZemoniaceae)
.
Annual h e r b , unimportant above 1200 m.
L i n a n t h u s l i n i f l o r u s (Benth.) Greene, f l a x flowered l i n a n t h u s (PoZemoniaceae)
.
Annual h e r b , unimportant above 1200 m.
81 S l o a n e , N. H. 1914. Resources and
p l a n a f o p e r a t i o n of Monterey N a t i o n a l
F o r e s t . (Unpublished r e p o r t o n f i l e . Los
P a d r e s N a t i o n a l F o r e s t , King C i t y , C a l i f . ) .
L i n m l e w i s i i Pursh., b l u e f l a x (Linaceae)
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , widely d i s t r i b u t e d i n
s e r p e n t i n e an San B e n i t o Mountain, r a r e e l s e where i n t h e s o u t h Coast Ranges (Hoover 1 9 7 0 ) .
L i t h o c a r p u s d e z l s i f l o r u s (H. & A.) Rehd., tanoak (Fagaceae)
.
Evergreen t r e e , v i g o r o u s s p r o u t e r ,
important dominant i n t h e mixed evergreen
forest.
Lithophragma a i f i n i s Gray., woodland s t a r
(Smifragaceae)
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , unimportant above 1200 m.
.
Lithophragma h e t e r o p h y l l a (H. & A,) T. & G . ,
h i l l s t a r (Smifragaceae).
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n savanna
habitats.
Ranges, t h e n e x t p o p u l a t i o n t o t h e s o u t h may
be i n Kern County (Twisselmann 1 9 6 7 ) , v a r .
decorus (Jtn.) Ottley occurs i n Santa
DISJUNCT.
Barbara County.
9
~ o t u sc r a s s i f o l i u s (Benth.) Greene, hroadl e a v e d l o t u s (Legwnimsae)
.
T a l l p e r e n n i a l herb, s c a t t e r e d i n
disturbed spots i n the chaparral.
L o t u s g r a n d i f l o r u s (Benth.) Greene v a r .
mutabilis Ottley, chaparral l o t u s
(Legwnimsae)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n rocky
s p a t s , sometime a p p e a r i n g a s a t r a i l - s i d e
weed.
L o t u s h u m i s t r a t u s Greene, short-podded
(Legminosae)
.
lotus
Annual h e r b , minor i n g r a s s l a n d .
Lomatium dasycarpum (T. & 6 . ) C o u l t . & Rose,
l a c e - p a r s n i p (UmbeZZiferae)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , uncommon i n savanna and
f o r e s t openings.
Lomatium macrocarpum (H. & A.) C o u l t . & Rose,
sheep-parsnip (IhnbeZZiferae)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , uncommon on s e r p e n t i n e
outcrops.
L o n i c e r a h i s p i d u l a Dougl., h a i r y honeysuckle
(Caprifo l i a c e a e )
.
Evergreen woody v i n e , a p p e a r s t o r e a c h
1200 m only on Ventana Double Cane where i t
is rare i n the chaparral.
Lonicera i n t e r r u p t a Benth.
s u c k l e (CaprifoZiaceae)
.
,
c h a p a r r a l honey-
Evergreen woody v i n e , widely d i s t r i b u t e d
i n chaparral.
L o n i c e r a s u b s p i c a t a H. & A. v a r . j o h n s t o n i i
Keck, s o u t h e r n honeysuckle ( C a p r i f o z i a c e a e ) .
Evergreen woody v i n e , s c a t t e r e d i n more
i n t e r i o r a r e a s t h a n L. i n t e r r u p t a , n o t very
c l e a r l y s e p a r a t e d from L. i n t e r r u p t a .
~ o t u sa r g o p h y l l u s (Gray) Greene v a r .
f r e m o n t i i (Gray) O t t l e y , s i l v e r - l e a v e d l o t u s
(Legwninosae)
L o t u s micranthus Benth., h i l l l o t u s
(Legwninosae)
.
Annual h e r b , minor i n g r a s s l a n d .
~ o t u so b l o n g i f o l i u s (Benth.) Greene, narrowl e a v e d l o t u s (Legwninosae)
.
T a l l p e r e n n i a l herb, l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
Lotus p u r s h i a n u s (Benth.) Clem. b C l e m . ,
Spanish-clover ( L e g m i m s a e ) .
Annual h e r b , minor i n g r a s s l a n d .
Lotus s c o p a r i u s (Nutt.) O t t l e y , deer-weed
(Legminosae)
.
Suffrutescent perennial, s c a t t e r e d along
t r a i l s and d i s t u r b e d s p o t s o r i n openings i n
the chaparral.
~ o t u s t r i g o s u s (Nutt.) Greene, b i s h o p l o t u s
(Legwninosae)
Annual h e r b , minor i n g r a s s l a n d .
.
Lotus s u b p i n n a t u s Lag, C a l i f o r n i a l o t u s
(Legwninosae)
Annual h e r b , unimportant i n g r a s s l a n d
above 1200 m.
.
.
Law p e r e n n i a l h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n rocky
s p o t s . Some of t h e l o c a l p l a n t s do n o t f i t
v a r . f r e m o n t i i t o o w e l l . The s t u d y peaks
a r e n e a r t h e n o r t h e r n l i m i t i n t h e Coast
9/ Smith, C l i f t o n . 1974. A f l o r a of
t h e ~ a n t aBarbara Region.
(Unpublished
r e p o r t on f i l e , S a n t a Barbara Museum of
Natural History, Calif.).
Lupinus a b r a m s i i C. P. Smith (Leguminosae)
1
.
Evergreen mat o r low shrub, w i d e l y d i s t r i b u t e d , may n o t b e c l e a r l y i s o l a t e d from
L. a l b i f r o n s i n some p l a c e s . Hoover (1970)
t r e a t e d i t a s a v a r . of L. a l b i f r o n s .
SANTA LUCIA RANGE ENDEMIC.
Lupinus a l b i f m n s Benth.,
(Legminosue)
s i l v e r lupine
.
Evergreen s h r u b , a p p e a r s i n lower, more
i n t e r i o r h a b i t a t s than t h e nearly p r o s t r a t e
L. a b r a m s i i , n o t i m p o r t a n t above 1200 m.
Lupinus b i c o l o r L i n d l . (Leguminosae).
4Jadia g r a c i l i s (Sm.) Keck, guopweed
(Compositue)
.
Annual.herb, w i d e l y s c a t t e r e d i n g r a s s l a n d and savanna on Chews Ridge.
~ a d i amadioides (Nutt.) Greene, woodland
madia (Compositue)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , uncommon above 1200 m.
M a l a c o t h r i x f l o c c i f e r a (DC.) Blake, woolly
m a l a c o t h r i x (Compositae)
.
Annual h e r b , widespread on San B e n i t o
Mountain s e r p e n t i n e , b u t unimportant on t h e
S a n t a L u c i a peaks.
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n g r a s s l a n d .
Lupinus c e r v i n u s K e l l . ,
(Leguminosae)
.
M a l a c o t h r i x s a x a t i l i s (Nutt .) T. & G . v a r .
commutata (T. & 6 . ) F e r r i s c l i f f m a l a c o t h r i x
(Compositue)
deer lupine
.
Perennial herb, widely s c a t t e r e d b u t
never common i n f o r e s t h a b i t a t s . F i r s t
c o l l e c t e d by William Lobb i n 1850 probably
n e a r Cane Peak. L i s t e d a s a r a r e and endangered s p e c i e s by t h e C a l i f o r n i a N a t i v e
P l a n t S o c i e t y (Powell 19 74)
SANTA LUCIA
RANGE ENDEMIC.
.
Lupinus f o r n o s u s Greene v a r . b r i d g e s i i (Wats.)
Greene, l u n a r i a l u p i n e (Leguminosae)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , uncommon i n rocky s p o t s .
Lupinus h i r s u t i s s i r n u s Benth.,
(Legwninosae)
.
i,
stinging lupine
Annual h e r b , w i d e l y s c a t t e r e d on rocky
s p a t s a t lower e l e v a t i o n s b u t r a r e above
1200 m.
Lupinus nanus Dougl.,
(Leguminosae)
.
sky l u p i n e
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n g r a s s l a n d .
Madia e l e g a m D. Don., common madia
(Compositae)
Annual h e r b , w i d e l y s c a t t e r e d . The
p l a n t s t h a t W i l l i s L . J e p s o n c o l l e c t e d on
J u n i p e r o S e r r a Peak have been r e f e r r e d t o a
montane farm, s s p . w h e e l e r i (Gray) Keck.
(Howitt and Howell 1973)
.
.
Madia exigua (SM.) Gray, l i t t l e tarweed
(Compositae)
.
Small a n n u a l h e r b , unimportant above
1200 m .
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , r a r e on rock o u t c r o p s .
Marah f a b a c e u s (Nand.) Greene, common manroot
o r w i l d cucumber (Cucurbituceae)
P e r e n n i a l v i n e w i t h a n n u a l s h o a t s , widel y d i s t r i b u t e d n e a r c h a p a r r a l margins.
.
Medicago p o l ymorpha L
(Leguminosae)
.
., bur-clover
Annual herb, minor i n g r a s s l a n d .
INTRODUCED.
Melica a r i s t a t a Thurb. (Grmnineae).
Perennial grass, several collections i n
t h e U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a Herbarium from
Chews Ridge (G. L . S t e b b i n s & L . A. Snyder
#3767, and C . Hardham #6191B) have been
l a b e l e d a s t h i s s p e c i e s . But t h e s e p a r a t i o n
between t h e long-awned M. a r i s t a t a and t h e
shorter-awned M. h a r f o r d i i i s not v e r y
s a t i s f a c t o r y i n t h e S a n t a L u c i a s . A Cone
Peak specimen i n t h e Jepson Herbarium was
a n n o t a t e d a s i n t e r m e d i a t e between t h e s e
s p e c i e s . Hoover (1970) t r e a t e d M. a r i s t a t a
a s a v a r . of M. h a r f o r d i i i n t h e s o u t h e r n
S a n t a L u c i a s . Twisselmann (1967) r e p o r t e d
o n l y one colony of M. a r i s t a t a i n Kern
County.
Melica c a l i f o r n i c a S c r i b n . , w e s t e r n m e l i c
(Grmnineae)
P e r e n n i a l bunchgrass, minor i n g r a s s l a n d .
.
Mentzelia pinetorum H e l l e r (Loasaceae).
Melica g e y e r i Munro, geyer onion-grass
(Grmineae)
.
P e r e n n i a l g r a s s , r a r e i n shady f o r e s t
h a b i t a t s on Chews Ridge. The s t u d y peaks
a r e n e a r t h e s o u t h e r n l i m i t , o n l y one colony
r e p o r t e d i n San L u i s Obispo County (Hoover
1970)
.
Melica h a r f o r d i i B o l . , H a r f o r d m e l i c
(Gramineae)
.
N e l i c a i m p e r f e c t s T r i n . , small-flowered m e l i c
(Gramineae)
.
Perennial grass, widely d i s t r i b u t e d ,
p a r t i c u l a r l y i n rocky s p o t s .
r o c k m e l i c (Gmmineae)
P e r e n n i a l g r a s s , r a r e a l o n g upper
Sawmill Creek ( f i g . 3 ) , probably r a r e e l s e where i n t h e s o u t h Coast Ranges. The n e x t
c l o s e s t l o c a l i t y i s i n t h e s i n R a f a e l Mountains.
DISJUNCT.
101
Mellca t o r r e y a n a S c r i h n . , Tarrey m e l i c
(Grmineae)
.
P e r e n n i a l g r a s s , s c a t t e r e d on s e r p e n t i n e
o u t c r o p s on summit of San B e n i t o Mountain.
Often associated with serpentine i n t h e
s o u t h Coast Ranges (Hoover 1 9 7 0 ) .
.
slender stick-
Annual h e r b , minor i n g r a s s l a n d on San
B e n i t o Mountain.
Mentzelia l a e v i c a u l i s (Dougl.) T o r r . , b l a z i n g
s t a r (Loasaceae)
.
B i e n n i a l h e r b , uncommon i n d i s t u r b e d
spots.
Mentzelia micrantha (H. & A.) T. & G . ,
L u i s s t i c k l e a f (Loasacea&
.
(Loasaceae).
Annual h e r b , r a r e i n d i s t u r b e d s p o t s on
(Howitt and Howell 1973).
Chews Ridge.
.
.
Mentzelia g r a c i l e n t a T. & G.,
l e a f (Loasaceae)
Mentzelia v e a t c h i a n a K e l l . ,
Micropus c a l i f o r n i c u s F. & M.,
cottonweed (Compositae)
Perennial grass, s c a t t e r e d i n f o r e s t
h a b i t a t s ( s e e n o t e on M. a r i s t a t a )
Melica s t r i c t a Bol.,
Annual h e r b , unimportant above 1200 m.
(Howitt and Howell 1973).
San
Annual h e r b , uncommon i n d i s t u r b e d
spots.
1 0 / Smith, C l i f t o n . 1974. A f l o r a of
t h e ~ z t Barbara
a
Region.
(Unpublished
r e p o r t on f i l e , S a n t a Barbara Museum of
Natural History, C a l i f . ) .
slender
Small a n n u a l h e r b , minor i n g r a s s l a n d .
M i c r o s e r i s l i n e a r i f o l i a ( N u t t . ) Sch-Bip.
(Compositne)
.
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n g r a s s l a n d .
M i c r o s t e r i s g r a c i l i s (Dougl.) Greene, annual
phlox (PoZemoniaceae).
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n g r a s s l a n d .
Mimulus h i f i d u s Penn., s s p . f a s o i c u l a t u s
Penn., S a n t a L u c i a s t i c k y monkey-flower
(ScrophuZariaeeae).
Small e v e r g r e e n s h r u b , widely d i s t r i b u t e d
i n c h a p a r r a l and a l o n g f o r e s t margins. This
s p e c i e s i s mainly endemic t o t h e S a n t a L u c i a s ,
b u t some p l a n t s . d o o c c u r i n San B e n i t o County
(Howitt a n d Howell 1 9 7 3 ) .
Mimulus c a r d i n a l i s Dougl., s c a r l e t monkeyf l o w e r (ScrophuZariaceae)
Annual h e r b , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
.
.
Mimulus f l o r i b u n d u s Dougl , f l o r i f e r o u s
monkey-flower (ScrophuZariaceae)
.
Small a n n u a l h e r b , l o c a l i n s e a s o n a l l y
wet s p o t s .
Minulus f r e m o n t i i (Benth.) Gray, Fremont
monkey-flower (ScrophuZariaceae)
.
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n open a r e a s
( s e e n o t e on M. subsecundus)
.
Mimulus g u t t a t u s F i s c h . , common monkey-flower
(ScrophuZariaeeae)
Annual o r p e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n wet
s p o t s , a s m a l l form i s v e r y abundant along
a l l t h e San B e n i t a Mountain c r e e k s .
.
Mimulus p i l o s u s (Benth.) Wats.,
mimethanthe ( S c r o p h u t a r i a c e a e )
.
downy
Small annual h e r b , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
Mimulus subsecundus Gray (SerophuZariaceae)
i
.
Annual h e r b ; i t i s d i f f i c u l t t o s e p a r a t e
t h i s s p e c i e s from M. f r e m n t i i . Hoover
(1970) c o n s i d e r e d t h i s t o b e a s m a l l flowered
form of M. f r e m n t i i ; a n u n d e s c r i b e d , s m a l l ,
pink flowered monkey-flower may b e complicating t h i s s i t u a t i o n i n t h e Santa Lucias.
Mollugo v e r t i c i l l a t a L.,
(Aizcaceae)
.
I n d i a n chickweed
Muhlenbergia a s p e r i f o l i a (Nees & Mey .)
P a r o d i . , s c r a t c h g r a s s (Gramineae).
P e r e n n i a l g r a s s , common a l o n g c r e e k s on
San B e n i t o Mountain, uncommon elsewhere i n
t h e s o u t h Coast Ranges (Raven 1957).
N a v a r r e t i a m e l l i t a Greene, honey-scented
n a v a r r e t i a (PoZemoniaeeae).
Annual h e r b , uncommon i n g r a s s l a n d .
Small a n n u a l h e r b , common around Spanish
Lake ( f i g . 3 ) . INTRODUCED.
N a v a r r e t i a pubescens (Benth.) H . & A.
(PoZemoniaceae)
Monardella b e n i t e n s i s Hardham ( L a b i a h e )
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d o n San B e n i t o
Mountain s e r p e n t i n e , a s o u t h Coast Range
s e r p e n t i n e endemic.
Aromatic e e r e n n i a l h e r b . a n i n t e r i o r
s e r p e n t i n e form of t h e M. v i l l o s a complex
(Hardham 1 9 6 6 ) . Widely s c a t t e r e d o n San
B e n i t o Mountain, a c c o r d i n g t o C l a r e Hardham
( p e r s o n a l communication, J u l y 30, 1970) dipl o i d p l a n t s a r e s c a t t e r e d a l o n g C l e a r Creek
o n " j a d e i t e and a s b e s t o s s e r p e n t i n e " w i t h
t e t r a p l o i d s o n t h e h i g h e r r i d g e s o n "ordinary"
s e r p e n t i n e . L i s t e d a s a r a r e and endangered
s p e c i e s by t h e C a l i f o r n i a N a t i v e P l a n t
S o c i e t y (Powell 1 9 7 4 ) . DIABLO RANGE ENDEMIC.
Monardella d o u g l a s i i Benth., F e n e s t r a
monardella ( L a b i a h e )
Extremely a r o m a t i c a n n u a l h e r b , s c a t t e r e d
on San B e n i t o Mountain s e r p e n t i n e , t h i s
s p e c i e s is u s u a l l y r e s t r i c t e d t o s e r p e n t i n e
i n t h e Coast Ranges.
.
Monardella v i l l o s a Benth.,
(Labiawe)
.
c o y o t e mint
Aromatic p e r e n n i a l h e r b , widely d i s t r i b u t e d , a v a r i a b l e s p e c i e s w i t h most of t h e
p l a n t s o n t h e S a n t a L u c i a peaks approaching
s s p . s u b s e r r a t a (Greene) Epl.
Montia p e r f o l i a t a (Dann) Howell, m i n e r ' s l e t t u c e (Portuzacaceae).
S u c c u l e n t , a n n u a l h e r b , widely d i s t r i b u t e d i n shady h a b i t a t s , p a r t i c u l a r l y under
oaks. A v a r i a b l e s p e c i e s , some p o p u l a t i o n s
o n San B e n i t a Mountain s e r p e n t i n e f i t v a r .
nubigena (Greene) J e p s .
Montia s p a t h u l a t a (Dougl.) Howell v a r .
exigua (T. & G.) Rob. (PortuZacaceae)
.
Small s u c c u l e n t a n n u a l h e r b , uncommon i n
widely s e p a r a t e d l o c a l i t i e s . The d i s t i n c t i v e
v a r . t e n u i f o l i a (T. & G.) Munz a l s o o c c u r s o n
San Benita Mountain below 1200 m, perhaps
above. T h i s s p e c i e s may h y b r i d i z e w i t h
M. p e r f o l i a t a on Chews Ridge.
.
Nemocladus s e c u n d i f l o r u s Rohbins
(CampanuZaceae).
Annual herb, unimportant above 1200 m.
N e m p h i l a m e n z i e s i i H . & A., baby blue-eyes
(HydrophyZZaceae)
.
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n g r a s s l a n d and
savanna.
N a p h i l a p a r v i f l o r a Dougl., small-flowered
nemophila (HydrophyZZaceae)
Annual h e r b , unimportant above 1200 m.
.
N e m p h i l a p u l c h e l l a Eastw. (HydrophyZZaceae)
.
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n f o r e s t and
savanna.
N i c o t i a n a a t t e n u a t a T o r r . , mountain I n d i a n
tobacco (SoZanaceae)
.
Annual h e r b , Raven (1957) found t h i s
" b a s i c a l l y G r e a t Basin" p l a n t on S a n t a R i t a
Peak ( f i g . 3 ) , uncommon elsewhere i n t h e
s o u t h Coast Ranges (Sharsmith 1 9 4 5 ) .
Oenothera h o o k e r i T. & G . s s p . h o o k e r i
evening primrose (Onagmceae)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n wet s p a t s .
Oenothera ( f o r a n n u a l s p e c i e s see Camissonia)
Orobanche bulbosa (Gray) G
broomrape (Ombanchaceae)
.
. Beck.,
chaparral
Root p a r a s i t e , o n l y a few p l a n t s s e e n
a l o n g c h a p a r r a l margins, h u t t h e p l a n t i s
probably more common.
Orobanche f a s c i c u l a t a N u t t . v a r . f r a n c i s c a n a
Achey, c l u s t e r e d broomrape (Orobanchaceae).
Penstemon c e n t r a n t h i f o l i u s Benth.,
bugler (Scrophutariaceae).
Only a few p l a n t s s e e n a l o n g c h a p a r r a l
margins, b u t t h e p l a n t i s probably more
common.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , widely d i s t r i b u t e d i n
f o r e s t o r c h a p a r r a l openings and rocky
p o r t i o n s of g r a s s l a n d .
Orthocarpus purpurascens Benth.,
(ScrophuZariaceae).
Penstemon corymbosus Benth., r e d penstemon
(Scrophuzariaceae).
escobita
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n t h e g r a s s l a n d .
Low e v e r g r e e n mat-forming shrub, l o c a l
o n rock o u t c r o p s . Cone Peak i s n e a r t h e
s o u t h e r n l i m i t f o r t h i s s p e c i e s , i t was f i r s t
c o l l e c t e d by Thomas C o u l t e r , probably i n t h e
Cone Peak r e g i o n (McMinn 1939).
Osmaronia c e r a s i f o r m i s (T. & G.) Greene, oso
b e r r y (Rosaceae)
.
Deciduous shrub, s c a t t e r e d i n shady
canyons a t lower e l e v a t i o n s , r a r e above
1200 m.
Penstemon g r i n n e l l i i Eastw. s s p .
s c r o p h u l a r i o i d e s (Jones) Munz, G r i n n e l l
penstemon (Scrophulariaceae)
.
Osmorhiza brachypoda T o r r . , C a l i f o r n i a
c i c e l y (UrnbeZZiferae)
.
S u f f r u t e s c e n t p e r e n n i a l , s c a t t e r e d on
Chews Ridge, one p l a n t s e e n a n San Benito
Mountain, uncommon elsewhere i n t h e s o u t h
Coast Ranges (McMinn 1939).
Perennial herb, s c a t t e r e d i n a v a r i e t y
of f o r e s t h a b i t a t s .
Osmorhiza c h i l e n s i s H . & A . , wood c i c e l y
(UrnbeZZiferae)
.
Penstemon h e t e r o p h y l l u s L i n d l . s s p . a u s t r a l i s
(M. & J . ) Keck, c h a p a r r a l penstemon
(Scrophulariaceae)
.
Perennial herb, s c a t t e r e d i n a v a r i e t y
of f o r e s t h a b i t a t s , perhaps more common t h a n .
0. brachypoda
.
Parnrlssin p u l u s c r i s I.. v a r . c a l i f o r n i c a G r a y ,
C a l i f o r n i a grass-of-p,lrnnssus (?gxi;'ragaccae)
P e r e n n i a l herb, uncommon r i p a r i a n p l a n t ,
sometimes on s e r p e n t i n e a s on San Benito
Mountain.
P e d i c u l a r i s d e n s i f l o r a Benth.
(ScrophuZariaceae).
Indian warrior
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l l y cornman o n t h e
s a n d s t o n e r i d g e n o r t h of Cone Peak, n o t
n o t i c e d above 1200 m on o t h e r p a r e n t mate-4 s~ "
scarlet
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , widely s c a t t e r e d h u t
never common.
.
P h a c e l i a brachyloba (Benth.) Gray, s h a r t lobed p h a c e l i a (HydrophyZZaceae)
.
Annual h e r b , a few p l a n t s n o t i c e d i n
d i s t u r b e d s p o t s . Hoover (1970) d e s c r i b e d
t h i s s p e c i e s a s abundant a f t e r f i r e s i n t h e
s o u t h e r n Santa L u c i a s . The s t u d y peaks a r e
near t h e n o r t h e r n l i m i t f o r t h e s p e c i e s .
P h a c e l i a c u r v i p e s T o r r . v a r . macrantha
( P a r i s h ) Munz (HydrophyZZaceae)
.
Perennial herb, s c a t t e r e d on p a r t l y
shaded rocky s p o t s .
Annual herb. Howitt and Howell (1964)
r e p o r t e d t h i s p l a n t ( a s P. d a v i d s o n i i Gray)
on t h e t o p of Chews Ridge. Hoover (1970)
t r e a t e d P. c u r v i p e s a s p a r t of P. d o u g l a s i i ,
and i t is p o s s i b l e t h a t t h e P. d a v i d s o n i i
r e p o r t is based o n t h e same p l a n t s a s P.
douglasii i n t h i s list.
P e l l a e a rnucronata (D. C. Eat.) D. C. E a t . ,
birdsfoot f e r n (Pteridaceae).
P h a c e l i a d i s t a n s Benth., w i l d h e l i o t r o p e
(Hydrophy ZZaceae)
P e l l a e a andrornedaefolia (Kaulf .) Fge, c o f f e e
f e r n (Pteridaceae).
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , s c a t t e r e d o n exposed
rocky s p o t s , more common above 1200 m t h a n
P. andromedaefolia
.
Penstemon b r e v i f l o r u s L i n d l . , bush beardtongue ( S c m p h u z a r i a c e a e )
.
Evergreen shrub, widely d i s t r i b u t e d i n
open s p o t s
.
Annual h e r b , unimportant above 1200 m.
P h a c e l i a d i v a r i c a t a (Benth.) Gray
(Hydrophyttaceae).
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d on s e r p e n t i n e on
San Benito Mountain.
P i n u s l a m b e r t i a n a Dougl., s u g a r p i n e
(Pinaceae)
Po, s c a b r e l l a (Thurb .) Benth.,
(Grmineae)
Large e v e r g r e e n t r e e , m a g n i f i c e n t oldgrowth t r e e s a r e common i n t h e Cone Peak
r e g i o n and on J u n i p e r a S e r r a Peak. David
Douglas d i s c o v e r e d t h i s p i n e i n Oregon, b u t
h e f i r s t saw t h e t r e e i n C a l i f o r n i a n e a r
Cone Peak (Hooker 1 8 3 6 ) . The c l o s e s t s t a n d
t o t h e n o r t h i s n e a r M t . S t . Helena, Lake
County--to t h e s o u t h i n t h e San R a f a e l
Mountains, S a n t a B a r b a r a County ( G r i f f i n
and C r i t c h f i e l d 1972)
DISJUNCT.
P e r e n n i a l bunchgrass, s c a t t e r e d i n
g r a s s l a n d and savanna.
.
.
P i n u s ponderosa Laws.,
(Pinaceae)
.
ponderosa p i n e
Large e v e r g r e e n t r e e , widely s c a t t e r e d
i n t h e S a n t a L u c i a s , b u t more o f t e n dominant
j u s t below t h e 1200 m l e v e l t h a n o n t h e
h i g h e r r i d g e s . Although no r e c o g n i z a b l e
ponderosa p i n e s h a v e been found on San
B e n i t o Mountain, some of t h e J e f f r e y p i n e s
t h e r e have canes t h a t s u g g e s t ponderosa p i n e
c h a r a c t e r s . A few of t h e San B e n i t o J e f f r e y
p i n e s may a l s o have some biochemical r e l a t i o n s h i p s w i t h ponderosa p i n e (Brown 1972).
P i n u s s a b i n i a n a Dougl., Digger p i n e
(Pinaceae)
.
Evergreen
t r e e . widely s c a t t e r e d on
San B e n i t o Mountain, b o t h on and o f f
s e r p e n t i n e ; although common i n p a r t s of t h e
S a n t a L u c i a s , no t r e e s were n o t i c e d above
1200 m ( G r i f f i n 1964, 1965, 1 9 7 4 a ) .
.
Polygala californica Nutt.,
milkwort (PcZygonaceae)
.
pine bluegrass
California
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , unimportant above 1200 m .
Polypodium c a l i f o r n i c u m K a u l f . , C a l i f o r n i a
polypody (PoZypodiaceae)
.
Small f e r n w i t h annual f r o n d s , l o c a l on
shady r o c k o u t c r o p s .
P o l y p g o n m n s p e l i e n s i s (L.) Desf., r a b b i t f o o t g r a s s (Grmineae)
.
Annual g r a s s , l o c a l i n wet p l a c e s .
INTRODUCED.
Polystichum muniturn (Kaulf .) P r e s l
f e r n (Aspidiaceae)
.
., sword
F e r n w i t h p e r e n n i a l f r o n d s , widely
d i s t r i b u t e d i n f o r e s t h a b i t a t s b u t seldom
common above 1200 m . Most p l a n t s on t h e
s t u d y peaks have r a c h i s e s w i t h reduced
s c a l e s and probably f i t s s p . curtum Ewan.
P o t e n t i l l a glandulosa Lindl., s t i c k y
c i n q u e f o i l (Rosaceae)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n open f o r e s t
and savanna.
Pityrogramma t r i a n g u l a r i s (Kaulf .) Maxon,
gold-back f e r n ( P t e r i d a e e a e )
Prunus emarginata (Dougl.) Walp., b i t t e r
c h e r r y (Rosaceae)
Small f e r n w i t h a n n u a l f r o n d s , widely
d i s t r i b u t e d i n d r y rocky, b u t p a r t l y shaded
spots.
T a l l deciduous s h r u b , uncommon i n rocky
r a v i n e s o r c r e e k bottoms.
.
P l a g i o b o t h r y s nothofulvus (Gray) Gray, popc o r n f l o w e r (Boraginaceae)
.
Annual herb, minor i n g r a s s l a n d .
Po, a m u a L . , a n n u a l b l u e g r a s s ( G r m i n e a e )
Small annual g r a s s . minor i n s e a s o n a-llv
wet s p o t s i n g r a s s l a n d and savanna.
INTRODUCED.
Pod h o w e l l i i Vasey & S c r i b n . , Howell b l u e grass (Grmineae).
Annual g r a s s , r a r e on Ventana Double
Cone.
:
Prunus v i r g i n i a n a L. v a r . demissa ( N u t t .)
Sarg., w e s t e r n choke c h e r r y (Rosaceae).
Uncommon i n rocky r a v i n e s o r c r e e k
bottoms, more w i d e l y d i s t r i b u t e d t h a n P.
emarginata; a l t h o u g h t h e i r h a b i t a t r e q u i r e ments seem t o o v e r l a p , t h e s e two c h e r r i e s were
n o t n o t i c e d growing t o g e t h e r .
P s o r a l e a c a l i f o r n i c a Wats.,
psoralea (Legminosue).
California
P r o s t r a t e perennial, scattered i n
f o r e s t and c h a p a r r a l openings on s e r p e n t i n e
on San B e n i t o Mountain. Uncommon elsewhere
i n t h e s o u t h Coast Ranges (Hoover 1970,
Sharsmith 1 9 4 5 ) .
Psoralea macrostachya DC.,
(Leguminosae)
.
leather root
T a l l p e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
i
Psoralea o r b i c u l a r i s Lindl.,
p s o r a l e a (Leguminosae)
.
round-leaved
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s , not
a s widespread a s P. macrostachya, t h e s e two
p s o r a l e a s may grow t o g e t h e r .
P s o r a l e a physodes Dougl., C a l i f o r n i a - t e a
(Leguminosae)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , uncommon i n f o r e s t and
chaparral h a b i t a t s .
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn v a r . pubescem
Undem., bracken ( P t e r i d a e e a e )
.
T a l l f e r n with annual fronds, widely
d i s t r i b u t e d i n f o r e s t h a b i t a t s , dominates
t h e ground-cover i n p a r t s of the Chews Ridge
savanna ( G r i f f i n 1975)
.
P t e r o s t e g i a drymarioides F . & M .
(PoZygonaceae)
.
Annual herb, unimportant above 1200 m.
Pyrola p i c t a Sm. f . a p h y l l a (Sm.) Camp.,
l e a f l e s s s h i n l e a f (Pyrolaceae).
P e r e n n i a l herb, r o o t p a r a s i t e , r e p o r t e d
anly on Junipero S e r r a Peak, r a r e elsewhere
i n t h e south Coast Ranges (Thomas 1961).
Quercus a g r i f o l i a NQe, c o a s t l i v e oak
(Fagaceae)
Large evergreen t r e e , important i n p a r t s
of t h e lower e l e v a t i o n mixed evergreen f o r e s t
b u t only s c a t t e r e d t r e e s grow above 1200 m.
.
Quercus c h r y s o l e p i s Liebm., canyon l i v e oak
(Fagaceae)
.
Large evergreen t r e e , vigorous s p r o u t e r ,
important dominant i n t h e mixed evergreen
f a r e s t , widely d i s t r i b u t e d i n a v a r i e t y of
f o r e s t and mesic c h a p a r r a l s i t u a t i o n s , r a r e
on t h e San Benito Mountain s e r p e n t i n e .
Quercus d o u g l a s i i H . & A . , b l u e oak
(Pagaceae)
Small t o medium s i z e d deciduous t r e e ,
imnortant i n lower e l e v a t i o n savanna. b u t
only s c a t t e r e d t r e e s grow above 1200 m
(White 1966).
.
Quercus d u m s a Nutt. ( s e e Q. t u r b i n e l l a note)
Quercus d u r a t a J e p s . ,
l e a t h e r oak (Fagaceae).
Large evergreen shrub, widespread i n
s e r p e n t i n e c h a p a r r a l on San Benito Mountain.
Occurs on lower e l e v a t i o n s e r p e n t i n e i n t h e
Santa L u c i a s , b u t seems t o be a b s e n t from t h e
Pine Ridge s e r p e n t i n e .
Quercus k e l l o g g i i Newb., C a l i f o r n i a b l a c k oak
(Fagaceae)
Large deciduous t r e e , widely s c a t t e r e d
i n t h e more open f o r e s t s , probably more
important below the 1200 m e l e v a t i o n , conspicuous i n t h e ponderosa p i n e f o r e s t s .
.
Quercus l o b a t a NQe, v a l l e y oak, C a l i f o r n i a
white oak (Fagaceae)
.
Large deciduous t r e e , important i n t h e
savanna along t h e summit of Chews Ridge where
t r e e s up t o 206 cm i n dhh occur, t h i s t r e e i s
absent above 1200 m on a l l o t h e r study peaks
( G r i f f i n 1973, 1975).
Quercus t u r b i n e l l a Greene s s p . c a l i f o r n i c a
Tucker, shrub l i v e oak (Fagaceae)
.
Evergreen shrub o r s m a l l t r e e , vigorous
s p r o u t e r . Important i n north-slope c h a p a r r a l
a t lower e l e v a t i o n s on i n t e r i o r s l o p e s , b u t
anly s c a t t e r e d shrubs occur above 1200 m.
Q . t u r b i n e l l a i s sometimes d i f f i c u l t t o
s e p a r a t e from Q. dumosa, and some shrubs on
Junipero S e r r a Peak a r e i n t e r m e d i a t e . I n
t h e lower Arroyo Seco drainage, Q. t u r b i n e l l a
is common and c l e a r l y recognizable; on t h e
c o a s t a l r i d g e s o u t h of Cone Peak Q. dumosa
is common (Tucker 1953).
Quercus w i s l i z e n i i A . DC. i n t e r i o r l i v e oak
(Fagaceae)
.
Evergreen shrub o r t r e e , vigorous
s p r o u t e r . Widely d i s t r i b u t e d a s a dominant
i n t h e h i g h e r e l e v a t i o n mesic c h a p a r r a l ,
l e s s common a s a n understory t r e e i n t h e
forest.
R a i l l a r d e l l a ( m u i r i i Gray ?) (Compositue)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , t h i s p l a n t was unknown i n
t h e s o u t h Coast Ranges u n t i l 1962, when C l a r e
Hardham n o t i c e d i t i n t h e Ventana Douhle Cone
r e g i o n . I n 1972, Steven N . T a l l e y c o l l e c t e d
i t on t h e rocky summit of Ventana Douhle Cone.
I t is c l o s e l y r e l a t e d t o R . m u i r i i which is
considered a r a r e and endangered s p e c i e s by
t h e C a l i f o r n i a Native P l a n t S o c i e t y i n t h e
s o u t h e r n S i e r r a Nevada (Powell 1974). I t
appears l e s s c l o s e l y r e l a t e d t o R . s c a b r i d a
Eastw., an uncommon s p e c i e s of t h e n o r t h
Coast Ranges (Rydberg 1 9 2 7 ) . S e v e r a l s t u d e n t s
a r e working o n t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p of t h e s e
t h r e e R a i l l a r d e l l a s I f t h e Ventana populat i o n is R . m u i r i i , t h i s p l a n t i s one of t h e
most r e s t r i c t e d and most i n t e r e s t i n g montane
d i s j u n c t s i n t h e S a n t a L u c i a s ; i f i t is a
new s p e c i e s , i t i s probably t h e most rest r i c t e d endemic above 1200 m. These p l a n t s
s h o u l d r e c e i v e t h e h i g h e s t p r i o r i t y f o r administrative protection.
Rafinesguia c a l i f o r n i c a N u t t . , C a l i f o r n i a
c h i c o r y (Compositae).
Annual h e r b , r a r e i n d i s t u r b e d s p o t s .
w i t h some o t h e r s p e c i e s such as R . amarum
McClat. The s p a r s e number of p l a n t s of t h i s
one R i b e s s p e c i e s above 1200 m on t h e S a n t a
L u c i a peaks i s i n marked c o n t r a s t t o t h e
r i c h assemblage of s p e c i e s a t lower e l e v a t i o n s ; f o r example, e i g h t s p e c i e s of Ribes
a r e p r e s e n t on t h e H a s t i n g s R e s e r v a t i o n s
a t t h e f o o t of Chews Ridge. The n e x t R .
r o e z l i i p o p u l a t i o n t o t h e n o r t h may be i n
Napa County (McMinn 1939)--to t h e s o u t h i n
t h e San R a f a e l Mountains, S a n t a Barbara
County. 12/ DISJUNCT.
Rosa c a l i f o r n i c a Cham. & S c h l e c h t . ,
C a l i f o r n i a w i l d r o s e (Rosaceae)
.
Ranunculus c a l i f o r n i c u s Benth., C a l i f o r n i a
b u t t e r c u p (RanuncuZaceae)
.
Deciduous s h r u b , l o c a l i n c r e e k bottoms.
Perennial herb, s c a t t e r e d i n the
savanna.
Rubus p a r v i f l o r u s N u t t . , t h i m b l e b e r r y
(Rosaceae)
.
Ranunculus hebecarpus X. & A . , downy b u t t e r cup (RanuncuZaceae)
.
Small annual h e r b , unimportant above
1200 m.
Deciduous s h r u b , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
Rubus u r s i n u s Cham. & S c h l e c h t
b l a c k b e r r y (Rosaceae)
.
., P a c i f i c
Evergreen woody v i n e , l o c a l i n creek
bottoms.
Rhamnus c a l i f o r n i c a Esch. s s p . t o m e n t e l l a
(Benth.) C . B . Wolf, c o f f e e b e r r y
(Rhamnaceae)
.
Rumex a c e t o s e l l a L . , sheep s o r r e l
(PoZygonaceae)
.
Large e v e r g r e e n s h r u b , widely d i s t r i b u t e d i n t h e c h a p a r r a l and s c a t t e r e d
i n t h e f o r e s t understory a t a l l e l e v a t i o n s .
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , minor weed i n d i s t u r b e d
s p o t s . INTRODUCED.
Rhamnus c r o c e a N u t t . , s s p . i l i c i f o l i a ( K e l l . )
C . B. Wolf, h o l l y l e a f r e d b e r r y (Rhmnnaceae)
Rumex conglomeratus Murr.,
(Polygonaceae)
Large e v e r g r e e n s h r u b , widely d i s t r i b u t e d
i n the chaparral.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , minor weed i n d i s t u r b e d
s p o t s . INTRODUCED.
Rhus d i v e r s i l o b a T. & G . ,
(Anacnriaceae)
Rumex s a l i c i f o l i u s Weinm., willow dock
(Polygonaceae)
.
.
Deciduous woody
d i s t r i b u t e d a t lower
l o c a l l y common above
1400 m a n any of t h e
poison-oak
v i n e o r shrub, widely
e l e v a t i o n s but only
1200 m and r a r e above
s t u d y peaks.
.
g r e e n dock
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
S a l i x b r e w e r i Bebb., Brewer willow ( S a t i c a c e a e ) .
R i b e s r o e z l i i Regel, S i e r r a gooseberry
(Smifragaceae)
Deciduous s h r u b , common a l o n g a l l s e r p e n t i n e c r e e k s on San B e n i t o Mountain ( t h e t y p e
l o c a l i t y ) . Uncommon elsewhere i n t h e s o u t h
Coast Ranges (Sharsmith 1 9 4 5 ) .
Deciduous s h r u b , uncommon i n t h e f o r e s t
u n d e r s t o r y , s h r u b s o n t h e summit of
J u n i p e r a S e r r a Peak and Chews Ridge a r e
c l e a r l y r e f e r a b l e t o R. r o e z l i i , s h r u b s i n
P i n e Valley below P i n e Ridge approach R.
r o e z l i i i n form h u t s u g g e s t h y b r i d i z a t i o n
1 2 1 Smith, C l i f t o n . 1974. A f l o r a of
(Unpublished
t h e S G t a Barbara Region.
r e p o r t on f i l e , S a n t a Barbara Museum o f
Natural History, C a l i f . ) .
.
s a l i x (misc. u n i d e n t i f i e d s p e c i e s probably
s. l a e v i g a t a Bebb o r S . l a s i o l e p i s Benth.
i n most c a s e s , uncommon above 1200 m)
S i l e n e l e m n i i Wats., L e m o n campion
(CaryophyZZaceae).
.
i
s a l v i a columbariae Benth., c h i a ( L a b i a t a e )
.
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n rocky exposed
s p o t s i n t h e g r a s s l a n d and c h a p a r r a l margins.
Sambucus mexicana P r e s l . , b l u e e l d e r b e r r y
(Caprifotiaceae)
.
S i l e n e verecunda Wats. s s p . p l a t y o t a (Wats.)
H i t c h . & Maquire (CaryophyZZaceae)
.
Perennial herb.
S i s y r i n c h i u m b e l l u m Wats.,
(Iridaceae)
Deciduous shrub o r s m a l l t r e e , widely
s c a t t e r e d b u t never common.
.
blue-eyed-grass
s a n i c u l a c r a s s i c a u l i s Poepp., gambleweed
(UmbeZZiferae)
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , a p p a r e n t l y a b s e n t above
1200 m i n t h e S a n t a L u c i a s b u t l o c a l l y common
a l o n g a l l t h e c r e e k s on s e r p e n t i n e on San
B e n i t o Mountain.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n t h e more
weedy p o r t i o n s of s e v e r a l h a b i t a t s .
S i t a n i o n h y s t r i x (Nutt.) 3. G . Sm.
(Gramineae)
.
S a n i c u l a g r a v e o l e n s Poepp. (UmbeZZifeme)
.
Perennial herb, not reported i n the
s o u t h Coast Ranges u n t i l 1972, when S t e v e n
N. T a l l e y found i t a n t h e P i n e Ridge serpent i n e . Next p o p u l a t i o n t o t h e n o r t h may be
on B a r t l e t t Mountain, Lake County--to t h e
s o u t h i n t h e San R a f a e l Mountains, S a n t a
DISJUNCT.
Barbara County.
131
s a t u r e j a mimuloides (Benth.) B r i q .
(Labiatae)
.
Perennial herb, l o c a l i n w e t spots.
S c i r p u s microcarpus P r e s l . ,
(Cyperaceae)
.
!
Perennial herb.
panicled bulrush
T a l l p e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
Sedum s p a t h u l i f o l i u m Hook, s s p . anomalum
( B r i t t o n ) Clausen & Uhl, P a c i f i c s t o n e c r o p
(CrassuZaceae).
S u c c u l e n t p e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l on r o c k
outcrops.
S e l a g i n e l l a b i g e l o v i i Underw.,
f e r n (SeZagineZZaceae)
.
s i t a n i o n jubatum 3. C. Sm., s q u i r r e l - t a i l
(Gromineae)
.
P e r e n n i a l bunchgrass, more widely d i s t r i b u t e d a t lower e l e v a t i o n s than S. h y s t r i x .
(Anderson and S t e b b i n s 1 9 5 4 ) .
Sitanion (occasional s t e r i l e hybrids,
probably w i t h b o t h Agropyron and Elymus
were n o t i c e d on Chews Ridge and San B e n i t o
Mountain)
Solanum umbelliferum E s c h s . , b l u e w i t c h
(SoZamceae)
.
Evergreen s h r u b , widely s c a t t e r e d i n
disturbed areas.
Bigelow moss-
P e r e n n i a l herb, widely s c a t t e r e d on rock
outcrops.
S i l e n e g a l l i c a L . , common c a t c h f l y
(CaryophyZZaeeae)
.
Annual h e r b , minor weed i n g r a s s l a n d .
INTRODUCED.
1 3 1 Smith, C l i f t o n . 1974. A f l o r a
(Unpublished
of t h z a n t a Barbara Region.
r e p o r t o n f i l e , S a n t a B a r b a r a Museum of
N a t u r a l H i s t o r y , C a l i f .)
.
.
P e r e n n i a l bunchgrass, unimportant on t h e
S a n t a L u c i a peaks b u t s c a t t e r e d on s e r p e n t i n e
on San B e n i t o Mountain. T h i s s p e c i e s is much
l e s s common on t h e s t u d y peaks t h a n t h e
c l o s e l y r e l a t e d S . jubatum. S. h y s t r i x
a p p e a r s t o b e t h e more montane i n d i s t r i b u t i o n a s s u g g e s t e d by Anderson and S t e b b i n s
(1954).
solidago c a l i f o r n i c a Nutt.,
(Compositae)
.
common goldenrod
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , widely s c a t t e r e d i n
many h a b i t a t s .
s o l i d a g o g u i r a d o n i s Gray (Compositae)
Common a l o n g a l l t h e c r e e k s on s e r p e n t i n e o n San B e n i t o Mountain. Raven (1957)
appeared t o r e f e r t o t h i s p l a n t a s S .
c o n f i n i s Gray, b u t Hoover (1970) t r e a t e d a l l
t h e S. c o n f i n i s i n San L u i s Obispo County a s
S . guiradonis v a r . luxurians (Hall)
Hoover.
S t a c h y s b u l l a t a Benth., h e d g e - n e t t l e
(Labiatae)
S t r e p t a n t h u s g l a n d u l o s u s Hook. s s p .
g l a n d u l o s u s Jewel Flower ( C r u c i f e m e ) .
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n open f o r e s t
habitats.
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d a n t h e P i n e Ridge
s e r p e n t i n e , on Chews Ridge s c a t t e r e d on
s e r p e n t i n e and rocky n o n - s e r p e n t i n e s p a t s
(Kruckeberg 1 9 5 8 ) .
.
S t a c h y s pycnantha Benth., s h o r t - s p i k e d hedgen e t t l e (Labiatae)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
s t e l l a r i a media (L.) C y r i l l . , common chickweed (CaryophyZZaceae)
.
Annual h e r b , unimportant i n g r a s s l a n d
above 1200 m. INTRODUCED.
S t e l l a r i a n i t e n s Nutt.,
(CaryophyZZaceae)
.
s h i n i n g chickweed
Annual h e r b , unimportant i n g r a s s l a n d
above 1200 m.
Stephanomeria e l a t a Nutt
.
(Compositae)
.
s t r e p t a n t h u s i n s i g n i s J e p s . (Cruciferae)
.
Annual herb, s c a t t e r e d on San B e n i t o
Mountain s e r p e n t i n e . The p l a n t s r e f e r r e d t o
S. h i s p i d u s Gray by J e p s o n (1925) from San
C a r l o s Peak were probably s. i n s i g n i s (A.
Kruckeberg, p e r s o n a l communication, May 6 ,
1971).
S t r e p t a n t h u s t o r t u o s u s K e l l . , mountain
streptanthus (Cruciferae).
Annual o r b i e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l on r o c k
o u t c r o p s . Rare elsewhere i n t h e s o u t h Coast
Ranges (Hoover 1 9 7 0 ) , t h e next p o p u l a t i o n t o
t h e n o r t h may b e Hood Peak, Sonomsl County.
Annual h e r b , unimportant above 1200 m .
s t y l o c l i n e g n a p h a l i o i d e s N u t t . (Compositae)
Stephanomeria v i r g a t a Benth. s s p . p l e u r o c a r p a
(Greene) G o t t l i e h . (Compositae)
.
Annual h e r b , widely s c a t t e r e d i n d i s t u r b e d o r open s p o t s .
s t i p a cernua S t e b . & Love, nodding n e e d l e g r a s s
(Gmineae)
.
P e r e n n i a l bunchgrass, unimportant, o r
perhaps a b s e n t , from t h e S a n t a L u c i a Range
g r a s s l a n d above 1200 m . One p o p u l a t i o n was
n o t i c e d on San B e n i t o Mountain on a p a r t i a l l y
s e r p e n t i n i z e d s l o p e a t 1300 m.
s t i p a c o r o n a t a Thurb., l a r g e n e e d l e g r a s s
(Gramineae)
.
T a l l perennial grass, l o c a l on rock autc r o p s , n o t a component of t h e s t a b l e
grassland.
s t r e p t a n t h u s b r e w e r i Gray ( C r u c i f e r a e )
.
Annual h e r b , r e p o r t e d i n t h e San Benito
Mountain a r e a (Morrison 1 9 4 1 ) , b u t n o t
n o t i c e d t h e r e d u r i n g t h i s s u r v e y . Arthur
Kruckeberg ( p e r s o n a l communication, May 6 ,
1971) r e f e r s t h e e a r l y San C a r l o s Peak c o l l e c t i o n s t o v a r . t e n u i s . San Benito Mountain
is n e a r t h e s o u t h e r n l i m i t f o r t h i s Coast
Range s e r p e n t i n e endemic.
.
Annual h e r b , unimportant i n g r a s s l a n d
above 1200 m .
s y m p h o r i c a r p s m o l l i s Nutt.,
berry (Caprifoliaceae)
.
s p r e a d i n g snaw-
Low deciduous s h r u b , s c a t t e r e d i n f o r e s t
understory.
Tauschia h a r t w e y i i (Gray) Macbr
(UmbeLZiferae)
.
.,
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n rocky s p a t s .
T h e l e p d i u m l a s i o p h y l l u m (H. & A.) Greene,
cut-leaved thelypodium ( C r u c i f e m e ) .
Annual h e r b , unimportant i n g r a s s l a n d
above 1200 m.
Thermopsis macrophylla H
(Leguminosae)
.
. & A ., f a l s e - l u p i n e
T a l l p e r e n n i a l herb, conspicuous i n
f o r e s t u n d e r s t o r y and c h a p a r r a l margins on
P i n e Ridge, e l s e w h e r e l o c a l or r a r e i n rocky
s p o t s o r c r e e k bottoms.
Thysanocarpus c u r v i p e s Hook., h a i r y f r i n g e pod (Cruciferae)
.
Annual h e r b , unimportant i n g r a s s l a n d .
Thysanocarpus l a c i n i a t u s N u t t . v a r . c r e n a t u s
( N u t t . ) Brewer., narraw-leaved fringe-pod
(Cruciferae)
Ranges, t h i s t r e e seems t o b e a b s e n t from t h e
San B e n i t o Mountain r e g i o n ( G r i f f i n and
C r i t c h f i e l d 1972).
Annual h e r b , r a r e i n open s p o t s above
1200 m .
U r t i c a h o l o s e r i c e a N u t t . , hoary n e t t l e
(Urticaceae)
.
i
Trichostema lanatum B e n t h . , woolly b l u e c u r l s (Labiatae)
.
Aromatic e v e r g r e e n s h r u b , uncommon i n
chaparral.
Trichostema rubisepalum Elmer ( L a b i a h e ) .
Aromatic a n n u a l h e r b , s c a t t e r e d a l o n g
San B e n i t o Mountain s e r p e n t i n e c r e e k s , t h e
t y p e l o c a l i t y (Elmer 1 9 0 6 ) . SIERRA NEVADA
FOOTHILL DISJUNCT, known e l s e w h e r e only i n
Mariposa and Tualumne Counties (Lewis 1 9 4 5 ) .
T r i f o l i u m albopurpureum T. & G . , r a n c h e r i a
c l o v e r (Legwninosae)
Annual h e r b , widely s c a t t e r e d i n
grassland.
.
T r i f o l i u m c i l i o l a t u m Benth
(Legwninosae)
.
., tree
clover
Annual h e r b , minor i n t h e g r a s s l a n d .
T r i f o l i u m q r a c i l e n t u m T. & G . ,
c l o v e r (Legwninosae)
pin-point
.
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n g r a s s l a n d .
T r i f o l i u m microcephalmn Pursh, maiden c l o v e r
(Legminosae)
.
i
Annual h e r b , widely s c a t t e r e d i n g r a s s land.
Trifolium t r i d e n t a t u m L i n d l
(Legwninosae)
.
., tomcat
clover
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n g r a s s l a n d .
T r i f o l i u m varieqatum N u t t . , w h i t e - t i p p e d
clover (Legminosae)
.
Annual h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n g r a s s l a n d .
T r i o d a n i s b i f l o r a (R. & P.) Greene, Venus
l a o k i n g - g l a s s (Cunpamlaceae)
Annual h e r b , unimportant above 1200 m.
.
Umbellularia c a l i f o r n i c a (H. & A.) N u t t . ,
C a l i f o r n i a - l a u r e l (Lauraceae)
.
Aromatic e v e r g r e e n t r e e , w i d e l y
s c a t t e r e d i n t h e f o r e s t and mesic c h a p a r r a l
on t h e S a n t a L u c i a p e a k s . Although o f t e n
found i n s e r p e n t i n e wet s p o t s i n t h e Coast
.
T a l l perennial herb, l o c a l i n w e t spots.
U r t i c a u r e n s L . , dwarf n e t t l e ( U r t i c a c e a e )
.
Annual h e r b , unimportant weed above
1200 m. INTRODUCED.
Verbena l a s i o s t a c h y s Link., C a l i f o r n i a v e r v a i n
(Verbenaceae)
.
Perennial herb, s c a t t e r e d i n grassland
and savanna.
V i c i a americana Muhl. s s p . oregana ( N u t t .)
Abrams, American v e t c h .
P e r e n n i a l herbaceous v i n e , s c a t t e r e d i n
t h e Chews Ridge f o r e s t , probably p r e s e n t
elsewhere b u t confused w i t h L a t h y r u s .
Viola purpurea K e l l . ( V i o t a c e a e ) .
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , extremely v a r i a b l e .
1. Ssp. mohavensis (Baker & Clausen)
J . Clausen. Both Baker (1953) and S t e b b i n s
et a l . (1963) c a l l e d t h i s d i p l o i d (n=6)
d e s e r t form of t h e V. purpurea complex V.
a u r e a s s p . mohavensis. Baker (1953) r e p o r t e d
t h i s s s p . on Chews Ridge and S a n t a R i t a Peak
( f i g . 3 ) . S t e b b i n s g &. (1963) a c c e p t e d
t h i s s s p . f o r Chews Ridge b u t c a l l e d a l l t h e
v i o l e t s i n t h e San B e n i t o Mountain r e g i o n
v. quercetormn. I c a n s e e no r e a l d i f f e r e n c e
between t h e Chews Ridge p l a n t s and some of
t h e San B e n i t a Mountain p l a n t s , a l t h o u g h much
of t h e San B e n i t o Mountain m a t e r i a l c o u l d b e
keyed t o V. quercetormn. The same p l a n t which
o c c u r s on s m a l l s e r p e n t i n e o u t c r o p s on Chews
Ridge a l s o o c c u r s on t h e P i n e Ridge serpent i n e , Clausen (1964) s h i f t e d s s p . mohavensis
from V. a u r e a t o V. p u r p u r e a .
2. S s p . purpurea p i n e v i o l e t . Howitt and
Howell (1964) l i s t e d t h i s d i p l o i d (n=6) mont a n e s u b s p e c i e s on J u n i p e r o S e r r a Peak. But
Howitt and Howell (1973) were no l o n g e r c e r t a i n t h a t t h e s e p l a n t s d i f f e r e d from s s p .
mohavensis on Chews Ridge. I would s u p p o r t
t h e i r f i r s t view. S t e b b i n s and o t h e r s (1963)
d i d n o t r e c o g n i z e s s p . purpurea i n t h e Coast
Ranges s o u t h of Lake County. Clausen (1964)
c o n t i n u e d t o r e c o g n i z e s s p . purpurea a s f a r
s o u t h a s s o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a . Hoover (1970)
r e p o r t e d s s p . purpurea i n t h e s o u t h e r n S a n t a
Lucias
.
Viola guercetorum Baker & Clausen, oak v i o l e t
(VioZaceae)
Yucca whipplei T o r r . , Spanish bayonet
(Agavaceae)
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , widely s c a t t e r e d i n
f o r e s t openings and savanna b u t never common.
A v a r i a b l e p o p u l a t i o n of t h i s t e t r a p l o i d
(n=12) form of t h e V. p u r p u r e a complex i s
conspicuous i n t h e San B e n i t o Mountain r e g i o n
where i t i s d i f f i c u l t t o s e p a r a t e from v.
purpurea s s p . mohavensis (Clausen 1964,
Stebbins
1963).
T a l l p e r e n n i a l r o s e t t e , widely s c a t t e r e d
on dry c h a p a r r a l s l o p e s . The s t u d y peaks a r e
near the northern l i m i t f o r t h i s southern
C a l i f o r n i a s p e c i e s . The summit of J u n i p e r o
S e r r a Peak may b e t h e h i g h e s t e l e v a t i o n
r e c o r d f o r t h e s p e c i e s . Yuccas on t h e S a n t a
Lucia peaks appear t o b e more rhizomatous
t h a n t h o s e of t h e Diablo range, t h e desc r i b e d s u b s p e c i e s do n o t f i t t h e s t u d y peak
plants well.
.
a.
Vulpia bromoides (L.)
f e s c u e (Gramineae)
.
S . F. Gray, s i x weeks
Annual g r a s s , s c a t t e r e d i n g r a s s l a n d
( F e s t u c a d e r t o n e n s i s [ A l l . ] Asch. & Graebn.)
(Lonard and Gould 19 74)
INTRODUCED.
.
Vulpla m ~ c r o s t a c h y s( N u t t . ) Benth.
(Gramineae)
.
Annual g r a s s , Lonard and Gould (1974)
merged a l l t h e n a t i v e annual f e s c u e s p e c i e s
w i t h r e f l e x e d s p i k e l e t s i n t o one s p e c x e s
complex. The f o l l o w i n g v a r i e t i e s a r e minor
g r a s s l a n d p l a n t s on t h e s t u d y peaks, t h e r e
is some geographic s e p a r a t i o n between t h e
d i f f e r e n t £ o m on t h e peaks, b u t a t t h e
H a s t i n g s R e s e r v a t i o n a l l of them o c c u r
w i t h i n a l i m i t e d a r e a , sometimes i n mixed
stands.
1. Var. c ~ l z a t a(Beal) Lonard & Gould
(Festuca eastwoodae P r p e r , F. gray2 (Abrams)
P i p e r , and F. p a c l f l c a P i p e r ) .
2. Var. confusa ( P i p e r ) Lonard & Gauld
(Festuca confusa P i p e r ) .
3. Var. p a u c l f l o r a (Beal) Lonard & Gould
( F e s t u c a r e f l e x a Buckley)
.
Vulpla myuros (L.) K. C . Gmelin (Grmnineae).
Annual g r a s s . (Lonard and Gould 1 9 7 4 ) .
INTRODUCED.
1. Var. h ~ r s u t aHack. One of t h e most
widespread of t h e a n n u a l f e s c u e s ( F e s t u c a
megal u r a N u t t .)
2. Var. myuros. S c a t t e r e d i n g r a s s l a n d
( F e s t u c a myuros L .)
.
Woodwardla f i m b r l a t a Sm., c h a i n f e r n
(BZeehnaceae)
.
T a l l perennxal f e r n , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .
Wyethla h e l e n o z d e s (DC.) N u t t . ,
e a r s (Compositae)
.
gray mule-
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , s c a t t e r e d i n Chews Rldge
f o r e s t and savanna.
.
Zauschneria c a l i f o r n i c a P r e s l . ,
f u c h s i a (Onagraceae).
California
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , widely d i s t r i b u t e d i n a
v a r i e t y of h a b i t a t s , l e a f and f l o w e r chara c t e r s a r e v a r i a b l e and do n o t f i t t h e
described subspecies well.
Zigadenus f r e n o n t i i T o r r . , s t a r - l i l y
(LiZiaceae)
.
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l l y common i n f o r e s t
and c h a p a r r a l a t lower e l e v a t i o n s b u t r e a c h e s
1200 m only o n P i n e Ridge.
Ziqadenus venenosus Nats.,
(LiZiaceae)
.
d e a t h camas
P e r e n n i a l h e r b , l o c a l i n wet s p o t s .