Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on
Oak Woodlands: Oaks in California’s
Changing Landscape
October 22-25, 2001
Richard B. Standiford
San Diego, California
Douglas McCreary
Kathryn L. Purcell
Technical Coordinators
Contents
Pacific Southwest
Research Station
General Session .............................................................................. 1
The Oak (Quercus) Biodiversity of California and Adjacent Regions .......... 3
Kevin C. Nixon
USDA Forest Service
General Technical
Report
PSW-GTR-184
Perspectives on Cultural Values of California Oaks .................................. 21
Paul F. Starrs
February 2002
Emerging Tools and Institutions to Conserve Oak Woodlands:
Integrating Public Trust and Private Benefits, or Can We
Ever Get Paid for Doing the Right Thing?...................................... 31
Laurie A. Wayburn
Grazing Relations.......................................................................... 41
The Importance of Federal Grazing Allotments to Central Sierran
Oak Woodland Permittees: A First Approximation ......................... 43
Adriana Sulak and Lynn Huntsinger
The Effect of Topography, Vegetation, and Weather on Cattle
Distribution at the San Joaquin Experimental Range,
California ........................................................................................ 53
Norman R. Harris, Douglas E. Johnson, Melvin R. George,
and Neil K. McDougald
Sediment Dynamics and Sources in a Grazed Hardwood
Rangeland Watershed ................................................................... 65
Melvin R. George, Neil K. McDougald, Kenneth W. Tate,
and Royce Larsen
Changes in Soil Quality Due to Grazing and Oak Tree Removal
in California Blue Oak Woodlands ................................................. 75
Trina J. Camping, Randy A. Dahlgren, Kenneth. W. Tate,
and William R. Horwath
Long-term Residual Dry Matter Mapping for Monitoring California
Hardwood Rangelands .................................................................. 87
Norman R. Harris, William E. Frost, Neil K. McDougald,
Melvin R. George, and Donald L. Nielsen
Ecology—Soil Relations................................................................97
Seasonal and Site Effects on Oak Fine Root Production and
Ectomycorrhizal Colonization in California Oak Woodland............ 99
Xiaomei Cheng and Caroline S. Bledsoe
Turbidity and Total Suspended Solid Concentration Dynamics in
Streamflow from California Oak Woodland Watersheds.............. 107
David J. Lewis, Kenneth W. Tate, Randy A. Dahlgren,
and Jacob Newell
Nitrogen Dynamics of Spring-fed Wetland Ecosystems of the
Sierra Nevada Foothills Oak Woodland....................................... 119
Randall D. Jackson and Barbara Allen-Diaz
Factors Influencing Soil-Surface Bulk Density on Oak Savanna
Rangeland in the Southern Sierra Nevada Foothills.................... 131
Dennis M. Dudley, Kenneth W. Tate, Neil K. McDougald,
and Melvin R. George
Ecology and Conservation of Garry Oak ...................................139
Historical Jigsaw Puzzles: Piecing Together the Understory of Garry
Oak (Quercus garryana) Ecosystems and the Implications
for Restoration ............................................................................. 141
Carrina Maslovat
Biodiversity of Mycorrhizas on Garry Oak (Quercus garryana) in a
Southern Oregon Savanna .......................................................... 151
Lori. L. Valentine, Tina L. Fiedler, Stephen R. Haney,
Harold K. Berninghausen, and Darlene Southworth
Invasive Perennial Grasses in Quercus garryana Meadows of
Southwestern British Columbia: Prospects for Restoration ......... 159
Andrew MacDougall
Does Habitat Matter in an Urbanized Landscape? The Birds of the
Garry Oak (Quercus garryana) Ecosystem of Southeastern
Vancouver Island ......................................................................... 169
Richard E. Feldman and Pamela G. Krannitz
Environmental Relationships of Native Garry Oak (Quercus garryana)
Communities at Their Northern Margin....................................... 179
Wayne R. Erickson
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USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-184. 2002.
Damaging Factors—Regeneration............................................. 191
Arboreal Seed Removal and Insect Damage in Three
California Oaks ............................................................................ 193
Walter D. Koenig, Johannes M. H. Knops,
and William J. Carmen
Insect-oak Interactions with Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia)
and Engelmann Oak (Q. engelmannii) at the Acorn and
Seedling Stage............................................................................. 205
Connell E. Dunning, Timothy D. Paine,
and Richard A. Redak
Rooting and Foraging Effects of Wild Pigs on Tree
Regeneration and Acorn Survival in California’s
Oak Woodland Ecosystems......................................................... 219
Rick A. Sweitzer and Dirk H. Van Vuren
Fire Relations .............................................................................. 233
Effects of a Prescribed Fire on Oak Woodland Stand Structure.............. 235
Danny L. Fry
Post-fire Monitoring of Coast Live Oaks (Quercus agrifolia)
Burned in the 1993 Old Topanga Fire.......................................... 243
Rosi Dagit
Effects of Fire on Naturally Occurring Blue Oak (Quercus douglasii)
Saplings ....................................................................................... 251
Tedmund J. Swiecki and Elizabeth Bernhardt
Effects of Wildfire on Blue Oak in the Northern Sacramento Valley ........ 261
Marc Horney, Richard B. Standiford, Douglas McCreary,
Jerry Tecklin, and Roy Richards
Numerical Response of Small Vertebrates to Prescribed Fire
in a California Oak Woodland ...................................................... 269
Justin K. Vreeland and William D. Tietje
Effects of Fire and Browsing on Regeneration of Blue Oak..................... 281
James W. Bartolome, Mitchel P. McClaran, Barbara H.
Allen-Diaz, Jim Dunne, Lawrence D. Ford, Richard B.
Standiford, Neil K. McDougald, and Larry C. Forero
Development and Fire Trends in Oak Woodlands of the
Northwestern Sierra Nevada Foothills ......................................... 287
James Spero
USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-184. 2002.
iii
Wildlife Relations .........................................................................303
Factors Affecting the Abundance and Distribution of European
Starlings at the San Joaquin Experimental Range ...................... 305
Kathryn L. Purcell, Jared Verner, and Sylvia R. Mori
Purple Martins in Oak Woodlands ........................................................... 323
Brian D. C. Williams
Cavity-nesting Bird Use of Nest Boxes in Vineyards of
Central-Coast California .............................................................. 335
Daniel P. Mummert, Laura Baines, and William D. Tietje
Effects of Residential Development and Landscape Composition
on the Breeding Birds of Placer County's Foothill Oak
Woodlands.................................................................................. 341
Diana Stralberg and Brian Williams
Urban Forestry .............................................................................367
To Prune or Not to Prune: Responses of Coast Live Oaks
(Quercus agrifolia) to Canopy Retention during
Transplanting ............................................................................... 369
Rosi Dagit and A. James Downer
Supersonic Air Jets Preserve Tree Roots in Underground
Pipeline Installation...................................................................... 381
Rob Gross and Michelle Julene
The Influence of Treeshelters and Irrigation on Shoot and
Root Growth of Three California Oak Species............................. 387
Douglas McCreary, Laurence R. Costello, Jerry Tecklin,
Katherine Jones, and David Labadie
Using Midday Stem Water Potential to Assess Irrigation Needs of
Landscape Valley Oaks ............................................................... 397
Ken Shackel and Rob Gross
Genetic Relations.........................................................................403
Geographic Patterns of Variation in Biomass Production
of California Blue Oak Seedlings as a Response to
Water Availability ......................................................................... 405
Susan Kloss and Joe R. McBride
Genetic Differentiation of Two California Red Oak Species,
Quercus parvula var. Shreveii and Q. wislizeni,
based on AFLP Genetic Markers................................................. 417
Nasser Kashani and Richard S. Dodd
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USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-184. 2002.
Mating Patterns in a Savanna Population of Valley Oak
(Quercus lobata Neé)................................................................... 427
Victoria L. Sork, Frank W. Davis, Rodney J. Dyer,
and Peter E. Smouse
Oak Woodland Policy.................................................................. 441
The Potential Impacts of Development on Wildlands in
El Dorado County, California........................................................ 443
Shawn C. Saving and Gregory B. Greenwood
Oak Management by County Jurisdictions in the Central
Sierra Nevada, California ............................................................. 463
Richard R. Harris and Susan D. Kocher
Inconsistent Application of Environmental Law and Policies
to California's Oak Woodlands ..................................................... 473
Gregory A. Giusti and Adina M. Merenlender
When Oak Ordinances Fail: Unaddressed Issues of
Oak Conservation ........................................................................ 483
Rudolph H. Light and Linda E. Pedroni
Oak Woodland Economics: A Contingent Valuation of
Conversion Alternatives ............................................................... 501
Richard P. Thompson, Jay E. Noel, and Sarah P. Cross
Working Woodlands: Public Demand, Owner Management,
and Government Intervention in Conserving Mediterranean
Ranches and Dehesas................................................................. 511
Pablo Campos-Palacin, Lynn Huntsinger, Richard Standiford,
David Martin-Barroso, Pedro Mariscal-Lorente, and Paul F. Starrs
A Comparison of the History and Management of Oak Woodlands
in Britain and California ................................................................ 529
Douglas McCreary and Gary Kerr
Regeneration and Restoration ................................................... 541
Riparian Valley Oak (Quercus lobata) Forest Restoration on the
Middle Sacramento River, California............................................ 543
F. Thomas Griggs and Gregory H. Golet
Soil Moisture Availability as a Factor Affecting Valley Oak (Quercus
lobata Neé) Seedling Establishment and Survival in a
Riparian Habitat, Cosumnes River Preserve, Sacramento
County, California......................................................................... 551
Virginia C. Meyer
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Factors Limiting Recruitment in Valley and Coast Live Oak.................... 565
Claudia M. Tyler, Bruce E. Mahall, Frank W. Davis,
and Michael Hall
Stump Sprouting of Blue Oaks Ten Years after Harvest ......................... 573
Douglas McCreary, William D. Tietje, and William Frost
Ten Years of Oak Restoration in City of Walnut Creek
Open Spaces ............................................................................... 581
Ralph Kraetsch
Modeling the Effectiveness of Tree Planting to Mitigate Habitat
Loss in Blue Oak Woodlands....................................................... 591
Richard B. Standiford, Douglas McCreary, and William Frost
Oak Woodland Monitoring ..........................................................601
Monitoring California’s Hardwood Rangelands Using Remotely
Sensed Data ................................................................................ 603
Chris S. Fischer and Lisa M. Levien
Collaborative Monitoring in Walnut Creek, California .............................. 617
Heidi Ballard, Ralph Kraetsch, and Lynn Huntsinger
Inventory of Oaks on California's National Forest Lands......................... 625
Thomas Gaman and Kevin Casey
Monitoring Conservation Success in a Large Oak Woodland
Landscape ................................................................................... 639
Rich Reiner, Emma Underwood, and John-O Niles
Historical Oak Woodland Detected through Armillaria mellea
Damage in Fruit Orchards............................................................ 651
Alan K. Brown
General Ecology—Structure .......................................................663
Age Structure and Growth of California Black Oak (Quercus
kelloggii) in the Central Sierra Nevada, California ....................... 665
Barrett A. Garrison, Christopher D. Otahal,
and Matthew L. Triggs
Coast Live Oak Long-term Thinning Study—Twelve-year Results.......... 681
Norman H. Pillsbury, Lawrence E. Bonner,
and Richard P. Thompson
Plant Diversity and Invasives in Blue Oak Savannas of the
Southern Sierra Nevada .............................................................. 693
Jon E. Keeley
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USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-184. 2002.
Northwest California Oak Woodlands: Environment, Species
Composition, and Ecological Status............................................. 705
Thomas M. Jimerson and Sydney K. Carothers
Leaf Area Index, Leaf Mass Density, and Allometric Relationships
Derived from Harvest of Blue Oaks in a California
Oak Savanna ............................................................................... 719
John F. Karlik and Alistair H. McKay
Sudden Oak Death ...................................................................... 731
Phytophthora ramorum and Sudden Oak Death in California:
I. Host Relationships .................................................................... 733
David M. Rizzo, Matteo Garbelotto, Jennifer M. Davidson,
Garey W. Slaughter, and Steven T. Koike
Phytophthora ramorum and Sudden Oak Death in California:
II. Transmission and Survival ....................................................... 741
Jennifer M. Davidson, David M. Rizzo, Matteo Garbelotto,
Steven Tjosvold, and Garey W. Slaugher
Sudden Oak Death: Disease Trends in Marin County Plots after
One Year...................................................................................... 751
Brice A. McPherson, David L. Wood, Andrew J. Storer,
Nina Maggi Kelly, and Richard B. Standiford
Phytophthora ramorum and Sudden Oak Death in California:
III. Preliminary Studies in Pathogen Genetics .............................. 765
Matteo Garbelotto, David M. Rizzo, Katie Hayden, Monica
Meija-Chang, Jennifer M. Davidson, and Steven Tjosvold
Population Diversity and Evidence of Introgression among the
Black Oaks of California............................................................... 775
Richard S. Dodd, Nasser Kashani, and Zara Afzal-Rafii
Evaluation of Stem Water Potential and Other Tree and Stand
Variables as Risk Factors for Phytophthora ramorum
Canker Development in Coast Live Oak ...................................... 787
Tedmund J. Swiecki and Elizabeth Bernhardt
Monitoring Sudden Oak Death in California Using High-resolution
Imagery ........................................................................................ 799
Nina Maggi Kelly
Phytophthora ramorum and Sudden Oak Death in California:
IV. Preliminary Studies on Chemical Control ............................... 811
Matteo Garbelotto, David M. Rizzo, and Lawrence Marais
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Posters..........................................................................................819
Distribution of Quercus agrifolia Mycorrhizae Deep within
Weathered Bedrock: A Potential Mechanism for
Transport of Stored Water ........................................................... 821
M. Bornyasz, R. Graham, and M. Allen
Likeliness to Pay for Oak Woodlands by the Residents
of San Luis Obispo County .......................................................... 823
Sarah P. Cross
Examining Effects of Vineyard Development on Bird Populations
of California’s Oak Woodlands—Use of GIS and Power
Analysis to Select Study Sites ..................................................... 825
Emily Heaton, Colin Brooks, Adina Merenlender,
Mark Reynolds, and Mary Chase
The Status of Island Scrub Oak (Quercus pacifica)
on Catalina Island, California ....................................................... 827
Denise A. Knapp
Multi-scale Data to Assess and Monitor Sudden Oak Death................... 829
Lisa M. Levien, Chris S. Fischer,
Lianne C. Mahon, and Jeff A. Mai
North Coast Oak Woodland Conservation Research
on a Landscape Scale .................................................................. 831
Adina Merenlender, Colin Brooks, Jodi Hilty,
Emily Heaton, Kerry Heise, and Jeff Opperman
Utilization Implications for Hardwoods Susceptible to
Sudden Oak Death ...................................................................... 833
John R. Shelly
Value of Oak Woodlands and Open Space on Private Property
Values in Southern California ...................................................... 835
Richard B. Standiford and Thomas Scott
Oak Restoration Trials: Santa Catalina Island......................................... 837
Lisa Stratton
Rehabilitation of an Oak Planting Project on Cleared Rangeland
Using Treeshelters and Grazing: A Ten-year Saga ..................... 839
Jerry Tecklin, J. Michael Connor, and Douglas D. McCreary
Forty Years of Land Use and Land Ownership Change
in Central Sierra Nevada Oak Woodlands ................................... 841
Matt Wacker, David Saah, and Louise Fortmann
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The Oak Woodland Bird Conservation Plan: A Strategy for
Protecting and Managing Oak Woodland Habitats and
Associated Birds in California ...................................................... 845
Steve Zack, Mary K. Chase, and Geoffrey R. Geupel
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