SAFE STORAGE OF LABORATORY CHEMICALS
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Appendix A SAFE STORAGE OF LABORATORY CHEMICALS The purpose of this section is to identify and classify hazardous chemicals that are commonly used in a research environment. Once identified, each laboratory must establish a site-specific policy to provide for the proper storage, handling and use of these chemicals. Storage Practices Accidents resulting from poor storage techniques are preventable. Many storage requirements presently recommended have been learned through adverse experiences and incorporated into regulations. Certain of these regulations, specifically those related to storage and handling of carcinogens, are not to be ignored. The specific Safety Data Sheet (SDS) should be consulted before use and when questions arise concerning chemical properties and associated hazards. Use of appropriate storage cabinets, for each type of hazardous chemical, can significantly reduce risks, whereas inappropriate cabinets mask and therefore increase the dangers. Wooden storage cabinets for acids are safer and more durable than metal cabinets, unless a metal cabinet is specially treated with a corrosion-resistant coating. Likewise, specially designed fireproof metal cabinets are preferable for storage of flammable materials, since they can maintain flammable liquids below vaporization temperatures, even in a fire. Steel cabinets common in most labs are highly inappropriate for storage of flammables since they allow heat from a fire to be quickly transferred to the cabinet shelves. This results in rapid vaporization of the flammable liquid, bottle breakage and accelerated fire spreading. Basic Rules for hazardous chemical storage • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Date all chemical on receipt Maintain an inventory that is verified annually Establish a separate and secure storage area for chemicals Do not store chemicals in fume hoods or work areas. Label storage areas and cabinets to identify the hazardous materials stored within. Properly identify all unlabeled products before storing. Never store chemical in a standard refrigerator. Chemicals should not be stored on the floor. Liquid chemicals should not be stored above eye level. Any shelving within the storage area should be firmly secured to the floor and wall. Island shelf assemblies should be avoided unless they are secured to the ceiling. Lips on storage shelves are recommended to prevent bottles from being knocked off. Wooden shelves are best suited for general storage since they are less effective heat conductors, but metal shelves should be used for flammables to reduce fire hazards. Chemical storage under, over or near a sink should be avoided since many chemicals are affected by moisture. Chemical storage should be away from heavily traveled areas. All storage cabinets or closets should be closed when not in use. Stored chemicals should be cool, dry and have caps and lids tightly closed; none of the chemical should be on the outside of the container. Stored chemical should be arranged in compatible families rather than in alphabetical order. Extremely hazardous chemicals should be purchased in as small a quantities as possible. Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 • Post emergency telephone numbers in the chemical storage areas. TYPES OF CHEMICALS STORAGE Alphabetical storage Probably the most common chemical storage practice is that of storing chemicals in alphabetical order. When chemicals are stored alphabetically there is still a great potential of incompatible substance coming in contact. Problems associated with Alphabetical Chemical Storage • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Acetic acid + Acetaldehydes o Small amounts of acetic acid will cause acetaldehyde to polymerize releasing large amounts of heat. Acetic anhydride + Acetaldehyde o Condensation reactions can be violent—explosive Acrolein + Ammonia, aqueous o Extremely violent polymerization reaction of Acrolein and any alkali or amine Aluminum metal + Ammonium nitrate o Potential for explosion Aluminum metal + Antimony Trichloride o Aluminum metal burns in the presence of antimony trichloride vapor Aluminum metal + any Bromates, Chlorate or Iodates Finely divided aluminum plus these compounds produces the potential for explosion that is detonated by heat, friction or light Aluminum chloride-self reacting o Upon prolonged storage, explosion occurs when container is opened Ammonium nitrate + Acetic acid o Mixture will ignite especially if acid is concentrated Cupric sulfide + Cadmium chlorate o Explodes on contact Hydrogen peroxide + Ferrous sulfide o Vigorous reaction, highly exothermic Lead Perchlorate + Methanol o Explosive mixture if agitated Maleic anhydride + Magnesium hydroxide o Potentially explosive reaction Mercury Nitrate + Methanol o Mixture has potential of forming Mercury Fulminate, an explosive Nitric acid + Nitrobenzene o Mixtures of nitric acid and nitrobenzene can detonate Potassium cyanide + Potassium nitrite o Potentially explosive mixture if heated Silver + Tartaric acid o Explosive mixture Silver Oxide + Sulfur o Potentially explosive mixture Sodium + Selenium o Reaction attended by burning Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 • Sodium + Silver Bromide, Silver Chloride, Silver Fluoride or Silver Fluoride o Forms impact-sensitive systems • Sodium + Stannic Halides o Forms impact-sensitive systems Sodium cyanide + Sulfuric acid o Release of HCN gas, death • Categorical Storage The ten most common chemical groups are flammables, oxidizers, reducers, concentrated acids, concentrated bases, water reactive, extreme toxics, peroxide-formers, pyrophoric and gas cylinders. The first five groups are kept separated to avoid accidental contact with an incompatible material that could result in a violent or explosive reaction. Water reactive materials are isolated to lessen the probability of their involvement in a fire situation. Extreme toxics and carcinogens are segregated to provide some degree of control over their distribution in the event of an accidental spill. Peroxide-formers and pyrophoric materials should be stored in a cool, dark environment. Any attempt at segregating hazard chemicals is better than no separation at all and the resulting potential for contact between incompatible substances is greatly reduced. However, undesirable contacts are still possible and a more complete categorical storage system needs to be done. Segregation based on Incompatibility The following table shows chemicals broken into a storage scheme of 24 segregated groups. Group 1: INORGANIC ACIDS Chlorosulfonic acid Hydrofluoric acid Hydrogen fluoride Sulfuric acid Hydrochloric acid Hydrogen chloride Nitric Acid Phosphoric acid Group 2: ORGANIC ACID Acetic acid Formic acid Butyric acid Propionic acid Group 3: CAUSTICS (BASIC) Sodium hydroxide Ammonium hydroxide solution Group 4: AMINE AND ALKANOLAMINES Aminoethylethanolamine Diethanolamine Dimethylamine 2-Methyl-5-ethylpyridine Pyridine Triethylamine Aniline Diethylamine Ethylenediamine Monoethanolamine Triethanolamine Triethylenetetramine Group 5: HALOGENATED COMPOUNDS Allyl chloride Chlorobenzene Carbon Tetrachloride Chloroform Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Methylene Chloride 1, 2,4-Trichlorobenzene Trichloroethylene Monochlorodifluoromethane 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Trichlorofluoromethane Group 6: ALCOHOLS, GLYCOLS AND GLYCOL ETHER 1,4-Butanediol Diacetone alcohol Ethyl alcohol Ethylene glycol Iso-amyl alcohol Methyl alcohol Nonanol Propanols Butanols Diethylene glycol Ethyl butanol Furfuryl alcohol Iso-octyl alcohol Methyl amyl alcohol Octanol Propylene glycol Group 7: ALDEHYDES Acetaldehyde Butylaldehyde Formaldehyde Para-formaldehyde Acrolein Crotonaldehyde Furfural Propionaldehyde Group 8: KETONES Acetone Di-isobutyl ketone Mesityl oxide Acetonphenone Isophorone Methyl ethyl ketone Group 9: SATURATED HYDROCARBONS Butane Ethane Hexane Methane Paraffins Pentane Cyclohexane Heptane Iso-butane Nonane Paraffin wax Petroleum ether Group 10: AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS Benzene Dodecyl benzene Naphtha Toluene Cumene Ethyl benzene Naphthalene Xylene Group 11: OLEFINS Butylenes 1-Dodecene 1-Heptene 1-Tridecene 1-Decene Ethylene 1-Hexene Turpentine Group 12: PETROLEUM OILS Asphalt Jet fuels Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Gasoline Kerosene Oils Mineral Oils Group 13: ESTERS Amyl acetate Castor oil Dimethyl sulfate Ethyl acetate Butyl acetates Cottonseed oil Dioctyl adipate Methyl acetate Group 14: MONOMERS AND POLYMERIZABLE ESTERS Acrylic acid Butadiene Ethyl acrylate Isoprene Acrylonitrile Butyl acrylate Isodecyl acrylate Methyl acrylate Group 15: PHENOLS Carbolic acid Cresols Creosote Phenol Group 16: ALKYLENE OXIDES Ethylene oxide Propylene oxide Group 17: CYANOHYDRINS Acetone cyanohydrins Ethylene cyanohydrins Group 18: NITRILES Acetonitrile Adiponitrile Group 19: AMMONIA/AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE Group 20: HALOGENS Group 21: ETHERS (including THF) Group 22: PHOSPHOROUS, ELEMENTAL Group 23: SULFUR, MOLTEN Group 24: ACID ANHYDRIDE Acetic anhydride Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Propionic anhydride Appendix B CHEMICAL HAZARDS Chemicals are considered hazardous if they pose either a PHYSICAL or HEALTH hazards to workers exposed to them. PHYSICAL HAZARDS include: • • • Fire or explosions Sudden releases of pressure (for example what happens when a tank of compressed gas is punctured) and: Reactivity (if a chemical can burn, explode or release dangerous gases after contact with water, air or other chemicals). HEALTH HAZARDS are illnesses or other health problems that could develop as a result of exposure to a hazardous chemical. Health hazards could be as minor as a headache or mild skin irritation or as major as cancer (or in rare cases, death) HAZARD TYPES CORROSIVE—those substances that by direct chemical action, are injurious to body tissue or corrosive to metal. Corrosive injury may be to a minor degree (irritation) or actual physical disruption of the body tissues. COMMON CORROSIVE LIQUIDS INORGANIC ACIDS Chlorosulfonic Chromic Hydrochloric Nitric Sulfuric ORGANIC ACIDS Acetic Butyric Chloroacetic Formic OTHER INORGANICS Bromine Phosphorous Trichloride Silicon Tetrachloride Sulfuryl Chloride Thionyl Chloride Peroxides CAUSTIC SOLUTIONS ORGANIC SOLVENTS OTHER ORGANICS Ammonia Sodium Hydroxide Potassium Hydroxide Methyl Ethyl Ketone Dichlorethylene Ethylene Chlorohydrin Perchloroethylene 2-Aminoethanol Acetic Anhydride Liquefied Phenol Triethanolamine Gasoline HAZARDS AND PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES Everyone knows mineral acids can cause burns. Few persons realize the extent to which they can damage body tissue. The concentration and duration of exposure control the degree of injury. The primary modes of exposure of corrosive liquids are the skin and eyes. Concentrated alkaline solutions have a more corrosive effect on tissue than most strong acids. Initial contact may not be painful. Strong alkalis gelatinize tissue thereby producing deep painful penetrating burns. Even relatively dilute alkaline solutions can dissolve skin fats, soften the epidermis and sensitize the skin to other chemicals. In Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 the eyes, caustics are extremely destructive and more difficult to remove than acids. In fact, isotonic solutions of sodium hydroxide (2%) can cause irreparable damage to the eye within three minutes. Concentrated solutions, 50% or greater can cause irreparable damage within fifteen seconds. Always wear adequate protective equipment (gloves, goggles, face shield, etc.). If the danger of inhaling corrosive fumes exits, use the proper ventilation equipment or wear suitable respiratory protection. Immediate first aid must include flushing with large amounts of cool water for a minimum of 15 minutes followed by medical attention. Do not rub the skin. If caustic material gets into the eye, it is imperative that the eyes are washed out immediately with water for a minimum of 15 minutes before leaving the area to seek medical attention. Seconds count! CORROSIVE SOLIDS The effects of corrosive solids are largely dependent on their solubility in skin, respiratory moisture and on the duration of contact. Some compounds do have a specific ability to penetrate the skin. Besides the corrosive properties of solids, the heat of the solution is often an important factor in damaging tissues. COMMON CORROSIVE SOLIDS ALKALIS Calcium oxide Sodium Phosphorous pentoxide Salicylic Sodium Hydroxide Phosphorous Sodium phosphate ORGANIC ACIDS Oxalic Calcium hydroxide Potassium Potassium chromate Trichloroacetic Sodium peroxide METAL SALTS Tin (IV) chloride Phenol Cement Lithium Mercury (II) chloride Iodine HAZARDS AND PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES As with liquids, adequate protective equipment should be worn. Of primary importance is the use of adequate respiratory protection. Protective equipment for the skin and eyes is necessary. Full eye protection is particularly important. All gases and vapors from corrosive liquids or solids cause severe eye irritation or damage. Skin and eyes contacted by corrosive gases and vapors should be washed off thoroughly as suggested for liquids. A good exhaust system is highly recommended for those areas where corrosive gases may be encountered. Immediate medical attention should be sought when exposure occurs. First aid must include flushing with large amounts of cool water for a minimum of 15 minutes. FLAMMABLE CHEMICALS Flammable Liquids-any liquid having a flashpoint below 100 o F except a mixture having components with flash points of 100 o F. Flammable solvents are the most common source of fire. Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 NECESSARY COMPONENTS FOR INITIATING FIRE FUELS OXIDIZERS Flammable Liquids Gases Acetone Alcohol Hexane Ether Toluene Oxygen Fluorine Nitrous Oxide Oxygen Difluoride Ozone Flammable Solids Liquids Plastics Fibers Wood/Paper Dusts Pyrophoric Metals Hydrogen Peroxide 30% Nitric Acid Perchloric Acid Bromine Flammable Gases Solids Acetylene Propane Carbon Monoxide Hydrogen Ethylene Oxide Metallic Perchlorates Metallic Peroxides Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Nitrite IGNITION SOURCES Sparks Flames Static Electricity Heat Electrical Cigarettes Light Bulbs Heaters Lightning Catalytic Surfaces Lasers Self Heating COMMON CONTROL MEASURES • • • • • DO NOT store more that a total of 5 gallons of solvents in glass in a laboratory. Transfer solvents in a working fume hood. Eliminate all sources of ignition before transferring/working with flammable solvents. Store solvents in a cool area, maximum temperature of 80o F. Transport solvents in metal or other protective containers. Flammable solids are solids that can cause fire through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical change, or retained heat from manufacturing or processing. Flammable solids can ignite readily and burn so vigorously and persistently creating a serious hazard Flammable solids can form explosive mixtures in the atmosphere and react in much the same way as flammable gases. Dust accumulated on surfaces and can be fanned into the air by a fire, air jet or even an improperly chosen fire extinguisher. Dangers from flammable solids (dust) can be minimized by: • • • • Using dust tight containers. Using adequate ventilation. Using proper fire extinguishers. Isolation from ignition sources Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Reactive chemicals -substances that causes violent reactions liberating heat and/or gases too rapidly to be safely dissipated by the surroundings. Reactive chemicals can be categorized into two groups: Unstable Compounds Unstable Mixtures UNSTABLE COMPOUNDS a. Explosives Explosives are substances that decompose with violent rapidity releasing large quantities of gases and heat. The process of explosion causes the rapid expansion of surrounding air accompanied by burning gases and flying objects. This process is usually destructive to both life and property. High explosives detonate at rates up to four miles per second, while low explosives detonate at rates of only thousands of feet per second. COMMON EXPLOSIVE COMPOUNDS Acetylenic Compounds Acetylene Copper (I) Acetylide Ethoxyacetylene Propylene Sodium Azide Azo Compounds • Diazirine • Azomethane • Diazomethane Fulminates • Silver Fulminate • Mercury (II) Fulminate • Sodium Fulminate • Copper (II) Fulminate Picrates • Picric Acid • Lead Picrate Polymerizable Compounds • Acrylic Acid • Ethylene • Butadiene Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Azides Compounds Benzenesulphonyl azide Carbonyl Diazide Silver Azide Lead (II) Azide Chlorite/Chlorate/Perchlorate Compounds Silver Chlorite Silver Chlorate Sodium Perchlorate Magnesium Perchlorate Nitro Compounds/Nitrate Esters Nitromethane Nitroglycerine Nitrocellulose Trinitrotoluene Peroxides Diacetyl Peroxide Zinc Peroxide Dimethyl Peroxide Styrene Vinyl Chloride Cyclopentadiene UNSTABLE MIXTURES a. Explosives 1. Nitroglycerine and Ammonium Nitrate 2. Nitroglycerine and Potassium Nitrate b. Water-Reactive Chemicals Compounds that are water reactive should not be stored where automatic sprinkler systems are installed. No water should service the storage area. The storage area should be placarded with “DO NOT USE WATER” signs. They should be properly desiccated whenever possible. Store in a cool, waterproof area. WATER REACTIVE COMPOUNDS Alkali Metals Organometallic Compounds Halides Hydrides Peroxides Carbides Oxides Phosphides Anhydrides c. Lithium, Sodium Tetramethylaluminum Acetyl chloride, Titanium tetrachloride Diborane, Sodium hydride Sodium peroxide Calcium carbide Sodium oxide Aluminum phosphide Acetic anhydride Peroxidizable Chemicals Peroxidizable chemicals are those chemicals that are susceptible to dangerous decomposition. Since these chemicals are packaged in an air atmosphere, peroxides can form even though the container has not been opened. Peroxidizable chemicals should be dated upon receipt. Containers, which show signs of iron or copper oxide should be handled with extra precautions since many metal oxide promote peroxide formation. Peroxide-Forming Compounds Hazard on Storage Hazard on Concentration Discard within 3 months of opening Discard within 6 months opening Isopropyl Ether Divinyl Acetylene Vinylidene Chloride Potassium Metal Sodium Amide Ethyl Ether Tetrahydrofuran Dioxane Acetal Vinyl Ethers 2-Butanol 2-Propanol Cyclohexene Cumene Methylcyclopentane Methyl Acetylene Diacetylene Dicyclopentadiene Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Peroxide Initiation of Polymerizations Discard within 1 year of Opening Styrene Butadiene Tetrafluorethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene Vinyl Acetylene Vinyl Acetate Vinyl Pyridine Chloroprene Air Sensitive Compounds Air sensitive compounds are those that react spontaneously with the oxygen in the air. These compounds usually are pyrophoric—they burst into flames on contact with air. AIR SENSITIVE COMPOUNDS • • • • Metallic dust (zinc, nickel, titanium) Alkali metals (cesium, potassium) Hydrides (barium hydride) Others (sodium amide, sodium and many organometallics) Pyrophoric metals such as finely divided nickel and titanium should be stored in metal containers with some moisture. Other solids are frequently stored under an inert gas or liquid. Strong Oxidizing Agents and Strong Reducing Agents Oxidizers are chemicals, other than blasting agents or explosives, which initiates or promotes combustion in other materials causing fire through the release of oxygen or other gases. An oxidizing agent is a chemical that gives off free oxygen in a chemical reaction. STRONG OXIDIZERS • • • • • • • • • Fluorine Chlorine Peroxides Perchlorates Permanganates Nitrates Nitrous Oxide Liquid Air Nitromethane Ozone Persulfates Peroxy Acids Dichromates Hypochlorites Nitrites Liquid Oxygen Chlorosulfonic acid Chorates Reducing Agents are an agent that cause reduction and is oxidized. STRONG REDUCERS • • • • • Finely divided metals Hydrides Aniline Lithium Butadiene Hydrazine Hydrogen Sodium Potassium Acetylides All oxidizers carry the special NFPA symbol OXY. Reducers carry no special warning. Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES Isolate reactive chemicals. Store compounds of the same class together, away from other classes. For water-sensitive chemicals, do not allow water in the storage area, or water type fire extinguisher and sprinklers • Store reactive chemicals in a cool, dry area, protect from sunlight, and label with out-of-date dates • Protect reactive chemicals from shock. • Store away from flammable and toxic materials. Wear adequate personal protective equipment. Train workers thoroughly in the hazards of the chemicals they are working with. Have antidotes, neutralizers, fire-fighting equipment, etc., close at hand in case of emergency. • • • • • COMMON REACTIVE CHEMICALS Ammonium Nitrate Benzoyl Peroxide Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide Calcium Hydride Chromium Nitrate Diborane Dimethyl Phosphine p-Dinitrobenzene Hydrazine Hydrate Magnesium Perchlorate Nitromethane p-Nitrotoluene Phosphorous (red) Potassium Ammonium Perchlorate 2-Butanone Peroxide tert-Butyl Peroxide Cesium Chromium Trioxide Diethylaluminum Hydride m-Dinitrobenzene Hydrazine Hydrogen Peroxide (concentrated) Mercury (I) Perchlorate o-Nitrotoluene Peroxides Picric Acid Trinitrotoluene Shock Sensitive Chemicals Shock sensitive refers to the susceptibility of the chemical to rapidly decompose or explode when struck, vibrated or otherwise agitated. Some chemicals become increasingly shock sensitive with age. Write the date received and date opened on all containers of shock sensitive chemicals. Unless the manufacturer added an inhibitor, closed containers of shock sensitive materials should be discarded after 1 year. Open containers of shock sensitive chemicals should be discarded within 6 months of opening. The label and SDS will indicate if a chemical is shock sensitive. SHOCK SENSITIVE CHEMICALS • • • • • • • • • Acetylides of heavy metals Aluminum ophorite explosive Amatol Ammonal Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Perchlorate Ammonium Picrate Ammonium Salt Lattice Butyl Tetryl Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Mercury Tartrate Mononitrotoluene Nitrated Carbohydrate Nitrated Glucoside Nitrated Polyhydric Alcohol Nitrogen Trichloride Nitrogen Tri-Iodide Nitroglycerine Nitroglycide • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Calcium Nitrate Copper Acetylide Cyanuric trazide Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine Cyclotetramethylenetranitramine Dinitroethyleneurea Dinitroglycerine Dinitrophenol Dinitrophenolates Dinitrophenyl hydrazine Dinitrotoluene Dipicyl sulfone Dipicrylamine Erythritol tetranitrate Fulminate of Mercury Fulminate of Silver Fulminating Gold Fulminating Mercury Fulminating Platinum Fulminating Silver Gelatinized Nitrocellulose Guanyl nitrosamino guanyltetrazene Guanyl Nitrosaminoguanylidene Germane Hexanite Explosive Mixtures Hexanitrodiphenylamine Hexogen Hydrazinium Nitrate Hydrazoic acid Heavy Metal Azides Lead Azides Lead Mannite Lead Mononitroresocinate Lead Picrate Lead Salts Lead Styphnate Magnesium ophorite Mannitol Hexanitrate Mercury Oxalate Nitroglycol Nitroguanidine Nitroparaffins Nitronium perchlorate Nitrourea Organic Amine Nitrate Organic Nitrosamines Organic Peroxides Picramic acid Picramide Picratol Picric acid Picryl Chloride Picryl Fluoride Polynitro aliphatic compounds Potassium nitroaminotetrazole Silver acetylide Silver Azide Silver Styphnate Silver Tetrazene Sudatol Sodium Amatol Sodium Dinitro-o-cresolate Sodium Nitrate-potassium Sodium picramate Tetrazene Tetranitrocarbazole Tetrytol Trimonite Trinitroanisole Trinitrobenzene Trinitrobenzoic acid Trinitrocresol Trinitro-m-cresol Trimethylolethane Trinitronaphthalene Trinitrophenetol Trinitrophloroglucinol Trinitroresorcinol Tritonal Urea Nitrate TOXIC CHEMICALS/CARCINOGENS Toxic chemicals are any chemical which “when inhaled, ingested or absorbed may cause damage or disturbance to function.” Toxic substances may cause injury by damaging biological structure and/or disturbing body function. 1. Damage can be LOCAL and/or SYSTEMIC. Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Local toxicity-is the effect of a substance on the body area that has been exposed to the substance. Exposure may be through direct contact, inhalation, ingestion or penetration. Systemic toxicity-is the effect of a substance on body tissues after absorption into the bloodstream. Absorption may take place through the skin, stomach or lungs. 1. Damage can be ACUTE and/or CHRONIC. Acute toxicity is defined as that effect manifested on “short exposure” on single contact, ingestion or inhalation. Chronic toxicity is defined as that effect observed when a toxicant acts on body tissues over a “long” period of time, days to years. A person suffering from chronic toxicity may not observe effects until an advanced stage is reached and permanent damage have been done. PARAMETERS THAT AFFECT TOXICITY • • • • • • • • Routes of entry- Contact the skin, eye, respiratory tract and/or digestive system. Physical Condition—Are you ill? Has your body been damaged by a previous assault? Dose—How much of the chemical assaulted your system? Duration—How long were you exposed to the chemical? Sensitivity—How sensitive are you to the chemical? Combined Effects—What other chemicals were you exposed to? Stress—Were you under any physical or mental stress during or after the exposure. Others—Sex, race, heredity, temperature, altitude and a host of additional parameters sometimes affect toxicity. COMMON MODES OF ENTRY FOR TOXIC CHEMICALS SKIN—Skin is the most frequently exposed body tissue to poisons. The most common result is irritation. Many toxic chemicals, however, are rapidly absorbed through the skin and may cause systemic effects. Toxic contamination of the clothing and shoes increases the hazard because of the localization of toxic concentration. Pain sensations do not necessarily accompany an assault on the skin. NOSE (Inhalation)—The internal surface area of the lungs is estimated to be greater than 100 m2, thus allowing rapid absorption of poisons into the bloodstream. Absorption rate and activity are related—the more active the person, the faster the absorption. Many toxic chemicals reveal their presence by giving sensory warnings, such as pain or smell. These sensory effects can be useful because immediate action can be taken. However, the sense of smell may become aware of danger after the fact, or may not respond at all. Olfactory fatigue may prevent detection of toxic materials. Sensory warning is a useful backup, but should not be relied on as a fast line of defense. EYES—Very few substances are safe when in contact with the eye. The sensitivity of the eye to chemicals is such that irritation, pain, impairment of vision or even blindness can result. INGESTION—The act of taking food, medicines, etc into the body via the mouth. INJECTION—Purposeful injection of poisons can occur through mechanical injury--a cut. Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 PREVENTIVE MEASURES • • • • • • • Unless you know definitely that a substance in not toxic, treat it as though it is. Cover exposed areas of skin (wear gloves, aprons, caps, etc.). Wear appropriate personal protective equipment for the compound Change protective garments as required. Keep food out of the lab. Do not use lab glassware for food or drink. Keep antidotes for common poisons on hand. Train all personnel thoroughly. SOME COMMON POISON CHEMICALS Acetaldehyde 1,3-Butanediene Carbon Tetrachloride 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 1,4-Dioxane Lead & Lead Cmpds Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Acrylamide Cadmium & Cadmium Cmpds Chloroform 1,2-Dichloroethane Eprichlorohydrin Formaldehyde Mercury & Mercury Cmpds. Barium & Barium Cmpds DDT Dichloromethane Ethyl Acetate Ethylene Oxide Silver Appendix C Chemical Incompatibilities and their Consequences Product Acetone Benzene Sodium Sulfur Nitric acid Perchloric acid Picric acid Incompatibilities Flammables Interaction Hazard Chloroform Hydrogen Peroxide Perchlorates Air Water Bleach Sulfur dust in air Bromates and Chlorates Calcium hypochlorite Charcoal Tin Corrosive Explosion Severe Explosion Explosions Spontaneous fire Spontaneous fire Explosion Explosion Explosion Explosion Spontaneous fire Vigorous reaction Acetic acid Ammonia Cyanides Cellulose, paper, wood fiber Charcoal Bases Concrete Explosion Spontaneous fire Explosion Violent explosion Violent explosion Explosive salt Explosive salt Poisons Cyanides Nitrites Chlorates Nitrites Aluminum Esters Phosphorous Violent explosion Violent explosion Explosion Explosion Explosion Carcinogens Arsenic Nickel Bromates, chromates Chlorine Potassium nitrate Ammonium nitrate Explosion Spontaneous fire Explosion Explosion Oxidizers Chlorates Dioxides Nitrates Oxides Permanganates Perchlorates Peroxides Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Organic matter, cellulose, charcoal, cotton, paper wood “ “ “ “ “ “ Spontaneous fire to violent explosions “ “ “ “ “ “ Incompatibilities for Flammable and Combustible Chemicals Extremely Flammable Materials (FP < 100Fo, BP<100Fo) Chemical Acetaldehyde Diethyl ether Flash Point (Fo) Boiling Point (Fo) -40 68 -49 94 Hydrogen sulfide Gas Vinyl chloride -108 Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 -76 -7 Incompatible Substances Acetic acid Air Alcohols Ammonia Bromine, chlorine, fluorine Sodium hydroxide Air & aging (peroxides) Chromic acid Perchloric acid Sodium peroxide Acetaldehyde Interaction Hazards Copper powder Lead dioxide Nitric acid Air & aging (polyperoxide) Nitric acid Red-hot reaction Spontaneous fire Incandescent reaction Unstable (explosion) Explosion Explosion Violent reaction Violent reaction Violent reaction Violent reaction Explosion Violent reaction Violent reaction Spontaneous fire Violent reaction Temperature & pressure increase Flammable Materials (FP <100 Fo, BP < 100Fo) Chemical Flash Point (Fo) Boiling Point (Fo) Acetone 15 133 Benzene Carbon disulfide Isopropyl alcohol 12 176 -22 115 53 180 Incompatible Substances Chloroform Chromic Anhydride (acid) Hydrogen peroxide Potassium t-butoxide Chlorine Chromic anhydride (acid) Sodium peroxide Aluminum powdered Azides (lead, potassium, sodium) Chlorine Potassium Zinc Sulfuric acid Potassium t-butoxide Interaction Hazards Explosion Explosion Explosion Spontaneous fire Explosion Spontaneous fire Spontaneous fire Spontaneous fire Violent explosion Explosion Violent explosion Incandescent reaction Temperature & pressure increase Spontaneous fire Combustible Materials (FP 100-200 Fo) Flash Point (Fo) Boiling Point (Fo) 158 364 122-185 214 156 213 Nitroethane 106 237 Phenol 173 360 Chemical Aniline Formalin (37% formaldehyde) Formic acid Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Incompatible Substances Nitric acid Sodium peroxide Nitrogen dioxide Furfuryl alcohol Hydrogen peroxide Hydroxides Inorganic bases Calcium hypochlorite (bleach) Interaction Hazard Spontaneous fire Spontaneous fire Explosive (>180oC) Explosive Possible explosion Explosive salts Explosive salts Spontaneous fire Incompatibilities for Acids Chemical Acetic acid Chlorine Dimethyl sulfate Hydrochloric acid Hydrofluoric acid Nitric acid Sulfuric acid Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Incompatible Substances Acetaldehyde Ammonia Ammonium nitrate Hydrogen peroxide Potassium hydroxide Alcohols Aluminum Ammonia Turpentine Ammonium hydroxide Acetic anhydride Ammonium hydroxide Perchloric acid Sodium hydroxide Sodium/calcium cyanide Vinyl acetate Ammonium hydroxide Calcium oxide Sodium Vinyl acetate Acetylene Alcohols Cyclohexanone Organic matter Sodium Acrylonitrile Chlorate Iron Potassium permanganate Water Interaction Hazard Temperature & pressure increase Carcinogen Spontaneous fire Explosion Violent reaction Violently explosive Spontaneous fire Explosion Spontaneous fire Violent reaction Temperature & pressure increase Temperature & pressure increase Violent reaction Temperature & pressure increase Highly poisonous cyanide gas Temperature & pressure increase Temperature & pressure increase Violent reaction Explosion Temperature & pressure increase Explosion Highly explosive esters Violent reaction Spontaneous fire Spontaneous fire Vigorous exothermic reaction Explosion Explosion Explosion Violent eruption Incompatibilities for Alkalis Chemical Ammonium hydroxide Calcium carbide Calcium hydroxide Calcium oxide (Quicklime) Potassium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide (Lye, caustic soda) Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Incompatible Substances Dimethyl sulfate Fluorine Silver nitrate Sulfuric acid Hydrogen chloride Magnesium Sodium peroxide Sulfur Water Nitroethane Nitromethane Nitropropane Phosphorous Hydrofluoric acid Phosphorous pentoxide Water Acetic acid Phosphorus Tetrahydrofuran Water Acetic anhydride Interaction Hazard Violent reaction Spontaneous fire Explosion Temperature & pressure increase Incandescent reaction Incandescent reaction Spontaneous fire Incandescent reaction Spontaneous fire Explosion Explosion Explosion Spontaneous fire Violent reaction Violent reaction Increase in temperature Violent reaction Spontaneous fire Explosion Violent reaction Temperature & pressure increase Nitroethane Aluminum Sulfuric acid Water Explosion Violent reaction Temperature & pressure increase Spontaneous fire Incompatibilities for Oxidizers Chemical Ammonium dichromate Ammonium perchlorate Calcium hypochlorite (Bleach) Fluorine Hydrogen Peroxide Potassium nitrite Potassium permanganate Perchloric acid Sodium nitrate Sodium peroxide Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Incompatible Substances Self-reactive Self-reactive Carbon Metals Organic matter Amines Carbon Tetrachloride Oil or grease Phenol Turpentine Ammonium hydroxide Cellulose Hydrocarbons Polyethylene Sulfur Acetic acid Cellulose Charcoal Iron Mercuric oxide Ammonium sulfate Boron Acetic acid Hydrogen peroxide Metals (antimony, arsenic & titanium) Phosphorus Sulfuric acid Self-reactive Acetic acid Alcohols Diethyl ether Paper Wood Antimony Cyanides Acetic acid Benzene Charcoal Diethyl ether Phosphorous Interaction Hazards Incandescent reaction Explosion (when heated) Mild explosion Explosion Explosion Explosion Explosion Violent reaction Spontaneous fire Explosion Fire & explosion Violent explosion Violent explosions Fire/violent reaction Fire Explosion Spontaneous fire Spontaneous fire Violent reaction Violent reaction Spontaneous fire Explosion Explosion Violent reaction/fire Explosion Explosion Explosion Explosion (spontaneous) Explosion Violent reaction Violent explosion Violent explosion Violent explosion Explosion Explosion Explosion Spontaneous fire Fire/explosion Spontaneous fire Fire/explosion Incompatibilities for Explosive/Reactive Chemicals Class 4 ---materials that readily undergo explosion at normal temperatures and pressures or from some kind of shock (mechanical or thermal) Chemical Benzoyl peroxide Nitrotoluene Peracetic acid Incompatible Substances Self reactive Methyl methacrylate Organic matter Sulfuric acid Self reactive Acetic anhydride Olefins Organic matter Interaction Hazard Explosion (spontaneous) Spontaneous fire Explosion Explosion Explosion Explosion Vigor exothermic reaction Explosion Class 3---materials that react explosively with water or are capable of exploding when heated under pressure. Chemical Incompatible Substances Interaction Hazard Acetylene Bromine Explosion Chlorine Explosion Copper Explosion Mercuric nitrate Explosion Sodium hydride Vigorous reaction Ethylene oxide Acid & bases Increase in temperature Alcohols Explosion Ammonia Explosion Iron oxide Violent reaction Potassium Violent reaction Nitroethane Calcium hydroxide Explosion Hydrocarbons Explosion Other hydroxides Explosion Potassium/sodium hydroxide Explosion Class 2---materials that react violently with water or undergo a violent chemical change but do not explode Chemical Incompatible Substances Interaction Hazard Acetaldehyde Air Explosion Alcohols Violent reaction Ammonia Violent reaction Acrylonitrile Strong acid Vigorous exothermic reaction Bromine Explosion Potassium hydroxide Violent reaction Sulfuric acid Vigorous exothermic reaction Calcium Acids Violent reactions Air Spontaneous fire Oxygen Spontaneous fire Sulfur Explosion Water Spontaneous fire Calcium hypochlorite Charcoal Explosion (when heated) Ethyl alcohol Violent explosion Hydrochloric acid Chlorine gas (poison, corrosive) Iron oxide (rust) Explosion Turpentine Explosion Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Appendix D Chemical Classification & Safety Signs The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) uses a symbol system designated as a diamond-shaped label containing four differently colored squares. A number (0-4) or an abbreviation is added to each square indicating the order of hazard severity--the higher the number, the greater the hazard. SPECIFIC HAZARDS (White background) Oxidizer—OX Acid—ACID Alkali—ALK Corrosive—CORR No Water--W Flammable Materials (Red background) Flammability is the measure of how easily a gas, liquid or solid will ignite and how quickly the flame, once started, will spread. Flammable liquids themselves are not flammable; rather, the vapors from the liquids are combustible. The flash point of a material is the temperature at which a liquid (or volatile solid) gives off vapor in quantities significant enough to form an ignitable mixture with air. Given an external source of ignition (spark or flame), a material can ignite at temperatures at or above its flash point. Pyrophoric materials can ignite spontaneously with no external source of ignition. Health Hazards (Blue background) A carcinogen is an agent capable of causing cancer. Long-term exposure to carcinogenic substances can result in cancers of various types. A number of substances have been found to be capable of producing cancer following exposure by inhalation, ingestion or skin contact. Mutagens are chemical and physical agents that Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 induce mutations in DNA and in living cells. This affects the genetic system in such a way as to cause cancer or hereditary changes in chromosomes. Individuals exposed to chemicals with mutagenic properties may develop genetic damage to the extent that future offspring will be affected. Teratogens are chemical and physical agents that interfere with normal embryonic development. Teratogens differ from mutagens in that there must be a developing fetus. Damage to the fetus (embryo) is most likely to occur early in pregnancy, during the first 8-10 weeks. Teratogens may produce congenital malformations or death of the fetus without damage to the pregnant woman. Reactivity (yellow background) Explosive materials are chemicals that cause sudden, almost instantaneous release of large or small amounts of pressure, gas and heat when subjected to sudden shock, pressure or high temperatures. Specific Hazards (white background) Corrosive materials can burn, irritate or destructively attack living tissue. Materials with corrosive properties can be either acidic (low pH) or alkaline (high pH). An oxidizing agent is a chemical used to provide oxygen for chemical reactions. Oxidizers spontaneously evolve oxygen at room or slightly elevated temperatures and can explode violently when shocked or heated. Because oxidizing agents are unpredictable, they represent a particularly hazardous threat. Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Appendix E GENERAL EMERGENCY/FIRE/SPILL PROCEDURES Before starting any new work, personnel should be aware of any possible hazards that could occur in his/her specific work place. They should be familiar with all emergency procedures and the location of all emergency equipment available in case of trouble. The following emergency procedures are recommended in the event of fire, spills, explosions, etc.: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Alert others in the area of the problem. Evacuate and secure the area. Post a clear warning sign near the area. Assist the injured. Remove the injured from the area only if they are in danger of further harm. If they are not in danger, leave them until trained personnel arrive. Contact the needed emergency personnel (fire, medical, etc.). Contact the Safety & Environmental Compliance Department at 6-7070. If you call 911, you must also contact the University Police (6-6213)so they will be aware of the problem. Start emergency first aid of the injured (CPR, decontamination of victims, etc) If available, use outside vented chemical fume hood to remove fumes from the area. You may need to contact the Central Utilities Department (6-7048) on main campus or your facilities maintenance department, as they may need to shut off the air handlers to prevent the spread of fumes throughout the building 6. Begin decontamination only after the area has been secured and any victims have been removed. Only trained personnel should conduct decontamination and clean up 7. Above all, DO NOT BECOME A VICTIM YOURSELF. If you are not equipped or trained to respond to an incident, go find someone who is. You must protect yourself. FIRE Respond to fire alarms by immediately evacuating your area by the shortest possible route. Ensure that all persons in your area have heard the alarm. If you discover a fire or any other emergency situation: • RESCUE Remove all persons from the immediate fire scene or room. • ALERT Activate the nearest fire alarm pull station, dial 6-6312 (University Police) and 9-911 (Mobile Fire-Rescue). • CONFINE Confine the fire area by closing doors to room or areas. • EXTINGUISH Extinguish a small fire by using a portable fire extinguisher or use to escape from a larger fire. • Evacuate and meet at your building’s pre-designated meeting location a minimum of 100 feet away from the building. Stay out of the way of the Fire Department and on-coming traffic. Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 CHEMICAL SPILLS Chemical spills will inevitably occur and staff should be properly trained to recognize the hazards associated with the spill, minimize the spill within their ability and notify proper response personnel when necessary. Initial response to a chemical spill should include: General plan of action during a chemical spill: • • • • • • • • • • Don’t panic Alert other people of the problem and evacuate to a place of safety. If time allows and a chemical fume hood is available, open the face completely and turn on to help ventilate the area. If windows are available, open them. Contact University Police (6-6312) for help in securing the area. Contact SECompliance Department (67070). Remove any injured person to fresh air and begin decontamination on them and yourself if necessary. Remove any contaminated clothing. Flush skin and eyes for a minimum of 15 minutes. Use soap for final cleaning of the skin. If flammable vapors are involved, do not operate electrical switches except to turn off motorized equipment. Try to turn off or remove any heat sources. Check SDS for proper procedures before starting any clean up procedures. Do not touch the spill without protective gloves and clothing. If the spill does not present an immediate danger to life and health, try to control the spread or volume of the spill. Try not to allow the material to escape into the floor drains. NEVER assume gases or vapors do not exist or are harmless because of a lack of smell. Many chemicals anesthetize the nose and the sense of smell is eliminated. The following procedures shall be followed in the event of any chemical exposure to the eyes or skin: Chemical Splash to the Eyes • • • • • Get to the eyewash or any source of water immediately and flush eyes out thoroughly with copious amounts of cool water for a minimum of 15 minutes. Hold the eyes open to wash thoroughly behind the eyelid In the absence of an eyewash fountain, place the injured person on his/her back and gently pour water into the eye. The injured eye must be held open. Continue washing for a minimum of 15 minutes. Immediately seek medical attention. Chemical Splash to Skin or Clothing • Get to a safety shower as soon as possible • Quickly remove all contaminated clothing WHILE USING THE SHOWER. • Flood the affected body in cool water for a minimum of 15 minutes. • Immediately seek medical attention. Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 General Purpose laboratory Spill kit should include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Plastic bucket with sealable lid Plastic dustpan and brush Heavy gauge polyethylene bags with closure (twist ties, cables ties, etc) Chemical resistant gloves (nitrile, at minimum) Safety goggles or face shield Splash-proof coverall or apron and shoe protectors Inert absorbent materials—kitty litter, vermiculite, etc. Paper towels or rags pH indicator paper Neutralizing agents for acid such as sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) or sodium carbonate (soda ash) Neutralizing agents for bases such as boric acid or citric acid LIQUID CHEMICAL SPILLS 1. Alert other persons to the spill and the need to evacuate the area. 2. Determine the degree of hazard before attempting clean up and take the necessary preventive measures (i.e., protective equipment, eye protection, etc.) 3. Confine or contain spill to smallest area possible. 4. Wear personal protective equipment, goggles, face shield and gloves appropriate for the situation. 5. For small quantities of ACIDS, use a neutralizing agent or absorbent mixture (i.e., soda ash, sodium bicarbonate, or diatomaceous earth). For BASES, Citric acid or boric acid can be used. Check area with pH indicating paper to insure complete neutralization. NOTE: If acids/bases have been absorbed, but not neutralized, they still pose a danger of burns to the skin and eyes. HANDLE WITH CAUTION. Do not use acids to neutralize base spills (or vice versa), as the reaction can be violent. 6. For small quantities of FLAMMABLE/COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS, a commercially purchased Spill Pillow (specifically designed for solvents) can be used. Absorbent materials, such as vermiculite or kitty litter, can be used, but fumes can still volatilize from these materials. 7. For small quantities of other materials, absorb the materials with a non-reactive materials (i.e., vermiculite, clay, dry sand or towels) 8. Non-reactive absorbents, such as oil dry, vermiculite or commercially available absorbent pads should be available for liquid spills. NOTE: Paper towels may be used for incidental spills and for final wipe-up operations, but caution should be exercised. Some chemicals may cause ignition through reactions with the toweling causing a fire. 9. 10. 11. 12. Mop up the spill. Wring the mop out into a pail equipped with rollers. DO NOT use your hands. Carefully pick up any broken glass using mechanical means such as tongs or broom and dustpan. Carefully pick up and clean any cartons, bottles or equipment that may have been splashed and contaminated. If absorbent has been used to clean up flammable or volatile chemicals, it must be stored in a well-ventilated area, away from sources of heat or ignition. 13. Double bag contaminated clean up materials and seal. These materials must be disposed of as hazardous waste. 14. When clean up operations are complete, wash hands with soap and water for at least 1 minute. Check any nondisposable personal protective equipment (boots, respirators) for contamination. Clean and dry completely prior to placing back in storage. Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 SOLID CHEMICAL SPILLS 1. Alert other persons to the spill and the need to evacuate the area. 2. Determine the degree of hazard before attempting clean up and take the necessary preventive measures (i.e., protective equipment, eye protection, etc.). 3. Generally, solids of low toxicity can be swept up into a dustpan and placed into a container compatible with the chemical. Damp toweling should be used to pick up and transfer materials of a higher toxicity level to a compatible waste container. Make sure the material is not water sensitive before using this procedure. 4. Dispose of residue as hazardous waste, remembering brooms, dustpans and other items may require disposal as hazardous waste also. 5. Double bag contaminated clean up materials and seal. 6. When clean up operations are complete, wash hands with soap and water for at least 1 minute. Check any nondisposable personal protective equipment (boots, respirators) for contamination. Clean and dry completely prior to placing back in storage. NOTE: Highly reactive solids, such as alkali metals, are best reclaimed by using tongs. SPILLS OF HIGHLY TOXIC OR CARCINOGENIC CHEMICALS Principal Investigators in charge of laboratories where HIGHLY TOXIC and/or CARCINOGENIC chemicals are used are responsible for developing and implementing SPECIFIC decontamination, clean up and disposal procedures for such chemicals and for ensuring that all personnel under their charge, who are required to work with such chemicals, know and can execute these specific procedures should the need arise. ELEMENTAL MERCURY SPILLS When spilled, mercury often fragments into small beads that can bounce and roll far from the initial spill location. Mercury spills can be avoided by using supplies and equipment that don’t contain mercury. All labs and facilities where mercury is used should have a “mercury spill kit” in case of spill. Mercury spill kits are commercially available and usually contain treated sponges, gloves, shoes coverings, a small, plastic dustpan and scraper and plastic bags and spill clean up material. When a spill of elemental mercury occurs: 1. 2. 3. • • 4. 5. 6. 7. Alert others in the area that a spill has occurred. Isolate the area to prevent people from entering the spill area and spreading the contamination. Determine whether the spill is a simple or complex spill A simple spill is one caused by a laboratory thermometer or other small device where all the mercury is accessible on a non-porous surface. A complex spill is one that involves more than 10 milliliters, is located on a porous surface (carpet, etc) or is widely spread. Prior to starting clean-up procedures, remove all gold or silver jewelry. Wear a pair of chemical resistant gloves (nitrile or silver shield), a lab coat and eye protection. Starting at the outside perimeter and using a non-sparking scraper, push the scattered mercury droplets together into larger droplets. Aspirate the larger mercury droplets and place them into a zip-lock bag or screw top container. A disposable syringe or hand-held mercury vacuum can be used to aspirate the mercury droplets. Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 8. 9. 10. 11. Commercially available mercury absorbent materials (Hg-Sorb) should be used to accumulate small particles of mercury. DO NOT USE A REGULAR VACUUM AS THIS DISPERSES DROPLETS, INCREASES THE AIRBORNE LEVEL OF MERCURY VAPOR AND CONTAMINTES THE EQUIPMENT USED. Use a flashlight to illuminate smaller beads of mercury. Mercury droplets can be pinhead size or smaller. Re-clean the spill area and perimeter if necessary. Pay close attention to cracks and crevices that may hide small beads of mercury. Place any materials used for the cleanup procedures into a plastic bag for disposal. Call Safety & Environmental Compliance Department (6-7070) for final disposal DO NOT MIX CLEAN UP MATERIALS WITH ANY FREE MERCURY YOU MAY HAVE COLLECTED. HYDROFLUORIC ACID Hydrofluoric acid (HF) has a number of chemical, physical and toxicological properties, which make handling this material especially hazardous. Anhydrous HF is a clear, colorless, fuming, corrosive liquid. HF is also available in the gaseous state. All forms including the solution or the vapor can cause severe burns to tissue. Using Hydrofluoric Acid Safely: 1. NEVER USE HF WHEN WORKING ALONE AFTER HOURS. 2. All lab personnel, not just those who will be using HF, must receive training pertaining to the dangers associated with HF and the emergency procedures in the event of an exposure or spill. A Material Safety Data Sheet (SDS) on HF should always be kept in the immediate work area where HF is used. 3. HF emergency procedures should be posted where laboratory workers can see them. 4. A sign should be posted to alert people that HF work is in progress. 5. HF should only be used in areas of adequate ventilation to minimize the possible inhalation of vapors. 6. Always use chemical goggles together with a face shield when handling HF. Safety glasses, with side shields, do not provide adequate eye protection. 7. Wear a long-sleeved buttoned lab coat with a chemical splash apron (nitrile, neoprene or Viton), pants and closed toe shoes. Never where shorts or open-toed shoes when handling HF or other corrosive chemicals. 8. Wear heavyweight Viton, nitrile, or neoprene when working with HF. DO NOT USE LATEX GLOVES: THEY ARE NOT EFFECTIVE AGAINIST HF. Always consult the manufacturers glove selection guide when selecting a glove for HF. 9. Since HF is extremely corrosive and rapidly damages tissue, operational eyewash should be present in the laboratory where HF is being used. An operational safety shower (tested monthly) must be near by and accessible. The eyewash/safety shower should be used for a minimum of 5 minutes to rinse the exposed area and then treatment of skin with Calcium Gluconate gel should be initiated. 10. Calcium Gluconate gel: Calcium Gluconate gel is a topical antidote for HF skin exposure. Keep calcium Gluconate gel nearby whenever you are working with HF. Calcium Gluconate has a limited shelf life and should be stored in a refrigerator if possible and replaced with a fresh supply after its expiration date has passed. Use gloves to apply the gel to any exposed area. Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Appendix F Hazardous Waste Disposal General Waste Disposal Procedures for USA o o o o o o o o Regulations prohibit the sink or drain disposal of any hazardous waste. All chemical waste must be properly labeled with the full name-- no laboratory abbreviations-- and approximate volume. Unidentified and unlabelled waste will only be accepted for pick-up when the department assumes the cost of analyzing the waste. Chemical waste must be collected in an airtight and re-sealable chemically compatible container. Do not fill liquid containers more than 90% full. Leave room for expansion, especially if using a glass bottle. Do not place any radioactive or bio-hazardous waste into chemical waste container. Chemical waste containers must be in a secure, designated location at all times and the container closed except when adding waste. When disposing of multiple containers of chemicals, a list, consisting of the name, volume and number of containers is to be prepared and supplied to the SEC Department prior to or at the time of disposal. If you have questions about waste disposal, call Safety & Environmental Compliance Department at 6-7070. USA Chemical Waste Disposal Policy The SEC is responsible for the collection, transportation and disposal of hazardous waste produced on the University campus and its associated facilities and buildings. All hazardous waste produced at the University must be disposed of through the SEC department. Types of Waste There are four major categories of waste generated at the University of South Alabama. These waste types are radioactive, chemical, bio-hazardous and general solid waste. Each one of these types of waste is governed by different federal regulations and requires disposal in a specific manner. Therefore, care must be taken to ensure different wastes are not mixed together. For example, if general refuse is contaminated with bio-hazardous materials, all of the waste will have to be treated as bio-hazardous waste. Anyone who generates and discards any wastes must play an active role in disposing of these materials properly. Identification of Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Materials The first step toward proper management of laboratory chemicals is to determine which materials are hazardous (explosive, reactive, toxic, etc.) and which are not. An excellent first step is to read the label and the SDS. It is extremely important for lab personnel to correctly evaluate, package and label hazardous waste. Any bottle that is to be disposed must be completely emptied of material, triple rinsed, completely dried. The cap must be separated from the bottle, the label defaced and the University’s “Empty and Clean” label affixed on it before the container can be disposed of in the trash. These labels are available through the USA Publications Department at the departments’ expense. Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Segregation of chemical waste Segregation of chemical wastes must be done at the point of production so that wastes can be safely collected and disposed of in the most economical fashion. Chemical waste must be segregated in such a manner that only chemically compatible wastes are allowed to be mixed together, the following categories can be used as a guideline for segregating chemical waste into chemically compatible waste streams. WASTE CATEGORY EXAMPLES OF COMPATIBILITY Flammable solvents Acetone, Methanol, Ethanol, Toluene, Xylene, Acetonitrile, Benzene, etc. Halothane, Methylene chloride, Chloroform, Carbon Tetrachloride, Trichloroethane, Trichloroethylene Aqueous solutions containing Arsenic, Barium, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead, Mercury, Osmium, Selenium, Silver, etc (Do not mix together, keep each chemical species separate if possible) Hydrochloric acid, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Perchloric acid (Do not mix together, keep each acid type separate, if possible) Formic acid, Acetic acid, Propionic acid Sodium hydroxide, Potassium hydroxide, Ammonium hydroxide/Ammonia (Do not mix together, keep each base type separate, if possible) Potassium nitrate, Hydrogen peroxide, Potassium permanganate, etc (Do not mix together, keep separate if possible) Phosphorous pentoxide, Sodium hydride, Sodium methoxide, Dry Picric acid (Do not mix together, keep separate if possible) Halogenated solvents Heavy Metal solutions Mineral Acids Organic acids Bases Oxidizers Reactive Materials Storage of Chemical Waste o o o Chemical waste must be stored inside a secured area. Waste must not be left out in the hall for pick up. An area must clearly be designated for the storage of chemical waste. If waste must be mixed (as required by specific experimental procedures): o Keep ethers and other hydrocarbons separate from acids and bases. o Separate peroxidizable materials from other materials if possible. o Keep all known/suspected carcinogen/mutagens separated from other wastes. o Keep aqueous waste solutions separate from organic solutions. o Keep chlorinated and non-chlorinated solvents separated. o Pesticides and/or pesticide-containing wastes should not be mixed with any other type waste. o Keep oxidizers separate from organic chemicals. Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Contaminated pipettes tip, test tubes, paper towel, clothes, cigarette butts, mechanical parts, etc., should not be placed in waste jugs. These materials need to be collected in a separate container for disposal. Radioactive materials ARE NEVER mixed with chemical waste unless required by specific experimental procedures. By the constraints of the University’s RCRA permit, the Safety and Environmental Compliance Department is forbidden to accept materials that are contaminated with radioactive materials. These waste products are EXTREMELY EXPENSIVE to dispose of and there are few disposal companies that are licensed to deal with this type material. Contact Radiation Safety regarding the disposal of radioactive material. CHEMICALS PROHIBITED FROM SEWAGE DISPOSAL Most chemical waste cannot be disposed of into the sanitary sewer. The following list is representative of only a few of the chemicals that CANNOT be disposed into sinks and drains: Flammable solvents Acetone Acetonitrile Benzene Methanol Ethanol Ethyl ether Pyridine Toluene Xylene Halogenated solvents Chloroform Carbon tetrachloride Dichloroethane Dichloromethane Trichloroethane Trichloroethylene Freon Acids Perchloric acid Hydrochloric acid Sulfuric acid Nitric acid Trichloroacetic acid Phosphoric acid Bases Ammonium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide Heavy Metals Arsenic Antimony Barium Cadmium Chromium Copper Lead Manganese Mercury Molybdenum Nickel Osmium Toxic Chemicals Azides Acrylamide Formamide Sulfides Phenol Hydrazine Cyanides Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Miscellaneous Materials Oils Grease Selenium Silver Thallium Uranium Zinc The following reagents contain MERCURY and cannot be poured down the drain: Dobbins Reagent Milon’s Reagent Hayem’s Solution Morell’s Solution Hopkin-Cole Reagent Nessler Reagent Hubb’s Reagent Rohrbach’s Solution Tyrosine Reagent Jacquemart’s Reagent Sachsse’s Solution Knapp’s Solution Spiegler’s Reagent Mercresin Tanret’s Reagent Meyer’s Solution Other toxic reagents that cannot be disposed of via the sanitary sewer: Flemming’s Solution (Osmium, Chromic acid) Folin-Dennis Solution (Mercuric cyanide) Fisher’s Reagent (Phenyl hydrazine) Erlicki’s Solution (Chromium) Ehrlich’s Hematoxylin Important: Do not pour any trade name chemical products into sinks or drains unless you know the actual chemical composition of the materials involved. Many commercial trade name products contain toxic chemicals that are unsuitable for sewer disposal. The following chemicals are considered NON-HAZARDOUS and can be neutralized by the investigator and disposed of via the sanitary sewer. Organic Chemicals Acetates: Ca, Na, NH4 and K Amino acids and their salts Citric acid and salts of Na, K, Mg, Ca and NH4 Lactic acid and salts of Na, K, Mg, Ca and NH4 Sugars: Glucose. Lactose, Fructose, Sucrose and Maltose Inorganic Chemicals Bicarbonates: Na, K Iodides: Na, K Borates: Na, K, Mg, Ca Oxides: B, Mg, Ca, Al, Si, Fe Bromides: Na, K Phosphates: Na, K, Mg, Ca, NH4 Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Carbonates: Na, K, Mg, Ca Silicates: Na, K, Mg, Ca Chlorides: Na, K, Mg, Ca Sulfates: Na, K, Mg Ca, NH4 Fluorides: Ca Chemical Container Management Laboratory personnel have to recognize their responsibility for the hazardous waste generated during experiments and participate in ensuring that these wastes are managed to prevent harm to human health and the environment. Laboratory professionals, as the generators of hazardous waste, are uniquely qualified to contribute to the task of properly segregating, labeling and accumulating waste for disposal. Types of waste containers Any chemical waste must be stored in compatible containers (glass, polyethylene). Small quantities of waste (Less than 4 lts.) may be disposed of in sealable, glass containers. Larger quantities of waste (more than 4 Lts.) is to be stored in 5 gallon carboys provided by the SEC Department. All containers must be kept sealed at all times except when adding materials. Guidelines to be followed when collecting chemical waste. o o o o o o o o o Waste must be collected in a chemically compatible container. Containers must be clearly identified with the chemical name (no abbreviations please) and concentration or volume of liquid present. When using a container to collect waste, which differs from the original chemical, always obliterate the original label completely and place a new blank label on the container. Chemical waste containers must be sealed with an airtight lid. Rubber stopper, corks and parafilm are not allowed. Do not over fill liquid containers. A minimum air gap of 10% must be left in the container to allow for expansion of the liquid. Solid chemical waste can be collected in a plastic, sealable, airtight container. Needles, syringes and contaminated broken glass must be placed in an approved rigid hard plastic sharps container. Do not mix solid and liquid chemical waste. Polyethylene milk containers are NOT acceptable waste containers. IF YOU NEED ADVICE ON A PROPER CHEMICAL WASTE CONTAINER OR NEED A PROPER CONTAINER, PLEASE CALL THE SEC DEPARTMENT @ 6-7070. Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Appendix G USA Universal Waste Requirements Legal Requirements: 1. Accumulation Time: A generator of universal waste may accumulate waste for no longer than one year from the date storage is started. The generator must be able to demonstrate the length of time that the universal waste has been accumulating. Labeling each container with the accumulation start date satisfies this requirement. All handlers of universal waste must be informed of procedures for proper handling, storage and emergency procedures appropriate to the types of universal waste handled at each facility. 2. Storage: All universal waste must be stored in a secure area that is protected from the elements. No waste (chemical or universal) can be stored where rain, vandals, etc. can damage the storage containers and breakage can occur, or releasing the materials into the surrounding environment. The storage area must be labeled with the words “Caution—Universal Waste Storage Area.” Waste containers (barrels, gaylord boxes, etc.) must be clearly labeled with a “Universal Waste” label, the contents and the date storage began. 3. Frequency of shipments: The SEC Department normally ships universal waste 3-4 times a year. In an effort to reduce costs, we attempt to include as many of the USA facilities as possible in each shipment. By law, all USA campuses must ship collected universal waste, at minimum, once a year. 4. Individual USA facilities responsibilities: When a universal waste shipment is requested, the SEC department, to determine whether sufficient quantity is on hand to ship, will contact all campuses. At that time, the facility contact will be asked to obtain an accurate count of light bulbs, barrels of ballast, computer equipment, etc., to be shipped. It is the individual facility’s responsibilities to insure that the count is accurate, shipping containers are in good condition and all packing requirements have been met. (See requirements below). If the facility’s packing does not meet DOT requirements, the transporter can refuse the entire shipment. It is the facility’s responsibility to provided the proper moving equipment (a forklift, pallet jack, drum dolly, etc.) if needed. All universal waste materials must be staged in an area that allows easy access for an 18-wheel truck and still afford protection from the elements. The SEC department will make every effort to schedule shipments within normal working hours 8 a.m.-2 p.m.) and give a minimum of 24-hours notice as to the time and date of the shipment. There will a representative from the SEC department to sign all required paperwork. Types of Universal Waste: Batteries Lead-acid (wet & dry) Alkaline Ni-Cad Lithium Mercury Metal halides All batteries must be stored in plastic, sealable containers, clearly marked with the words “Universal Waste— Batteries” and dated with the month and year that storage BEGAN. Each class of battery is to be stored separately. SEC should be called for a battery pick-up when the facility has collected between 50-75 pounds. Large lead-acid batteries (automotive and larger) should be recycled locally by each individual USA facility. This should be agreed upon with the vendor at the time of purchase. Local battery vendors will take automotive or larger lead-acid batteries for recycling. All batteries with terminals, must have the terminals taped prior to shipping out for disposal; including 9-volt alkaline and lantern batteries. Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Bulbs Spent fluorescent bulbs (4-foot, 8-foot, u-bends, circular, etc.) High intensity discharge Mercury vapor (Incandescent “household bulbs” are not included in recycling) All bulbs to be recycled must be stored in fiberboard barrels that are provided by the contract vendor. All barrels and boxes of bulbs must be labeled with the words “Universal Waste—Lamps” and dated with the month and year that storage BEGAN. Each bulb type must be stored separately from another. Bulb should not be deliberately crushed, as personnel exposure can occur and the disposal cost of crushed materials is considerably higher than for intact bulbs. Ballast PCB-ballast Non-PBC ballast Transformers (small) Capacitors Ballast, transformers and capacitors must be collected in 55-gallon open head metal drums that are provided by the SEC department upon request. All barrels must be labeled “PCB-containing ballast” or “Non-PCB containing ballast” with the month and year storage BEGAN. Computer/Television components Monitors Televisions All devises must be collected on structurally sound pallets (maximum of 10/pallet) and stretch wrapped securely to avoid shifting during transport. Power cords, cables and mouse are to be removed prior to packing for shipment. Metallic mercury and mercury-containing devices This type of equipment is managed as lab-pack waste, on a case-by-case basis, but these devices must be handled in such a manner that prevents breakage of the ampoules causing a release of mercury to the surrounding environment. Storage of these devices must be a structurally sound, sealable plastic container and be labeled with “Universal Waste-Mercury containing devises with the month and date storage BEGAN. Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Appendix H RESISTANCE TO CHEMICALS OF COMMON GLOVE MATERIALS (e=excellent; CHEMICAL Acetaldehyde Acetic acid Acetone Acrylonitrile Ammonium hydroxide (saturated) Aniline Benzaldehyde Benzene Benzyl chloride Bromine Butane Butylaldehyde Calcium hypochlorite Carbon disulfide Carbon Tetrachloride Chlorine Chloroacetone Chloroform Chromic acid Cyclohexane Dibenzyl ether Dibutyl phthalate Diethanolamine Diethyl ether Dimethyl Sulfoxide** Ethyl acetate Ethylene dichloride* Ethylene glycol Ethylene Trichloride Fluorine Formaldehyde Formic acid Glycerol Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 g=good; f=fair; p=poor; ~ = not recommended) NATURAL RUBBER G E G P G NEOPRENE NITRILE VINYL G E G G E E E G ~ E G E F F E F F P F G P P P G F F P G E G G E E G G ~ ~ ~ G G G F P G P G G P P P F G G F F G F P P G F F F F ~ G E F F E G G E G ~ ~ ~ G F ~ ~ ~ ~ E ~ G P P P P P P E P ~ F P G F G G F P G P G P E ~ E P G G G G G E E G ~ E E E G E E E CHEMICAL Hexane Hydrobromic acid (40%) Hydrochloric acid Hydrofluoric acid Hydrogen peroxide Iodine Methylamine Methyl cellosolve Methyl chloride Methyl ethyl ketone Methylene chloride* Monoethanolamine Morpholine Naphthalene Nitric acid Perchloric acid Phenol Phosphoric acid Potassium hydroxide (saturated) Propylene dichloride Sodium hydroxide Sodium hypochlorite Sulfuric acid (concentrated) Toluene Trichloroethylene Tricresyl phosphate Triethanolamine Trinitrotoluene NATURAL RUBBER P G NEOPRENE NITRILE VINYL E E ~ ~ P E G G G G G G E E G G G F P F G G G E E G G ~ E ~ ~ G E G E P P P F F G F F F G P F G G G E E G P G E E G ~ ~ E P F ~ ~ G E E G G E E E E P F ~ P G G G P G F E G G G F G P P P F P F F F E E G G G E ~ F F F E P * Aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons will attack all types of natural and synthetic glove materials. Should swelling occur, the user should immediately change to fresh gloves. **No data on the resistance to Dimethyl Sulfoxide of natural rubber, neoprene, nitrile, rubber or vinyl materials are available. The manufacturers of Dimethyl Sulfoxide recommend the use of butyl rubber gloves. Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Appendix I Reproductive Toxins and Hazards Reproductive Hazards are substances or agents that affect the reproductive health of women or men in their ability to have healthy children. These hazards can produce multiple health effects and may not affect every worker who is exposed. Individual exposure is usually based on how long the workers are exposed, how much of the hazard they are exposed to, how they were exposed and varying individual dynamics. Reproductive Toxins are chemicals that affect the reproductive capabilities of males and females including chromosomal damage (mutations) and fetal effects (teratogens) and are often mistakenly considered an issue only for pregnant women. Broadly defined, however, reproductive toxins are materials that can interfere with reproductive functions or can cause damage to an exposed adult’s ova, embryo, fetus or child. Reproductive toxicity can be defined as “the occurrence of adverse effects on the reproductive system that may result from exposure to environmental agents.” Toxicity may be expressed as alterations to the reproductive organs and/or the related endocrine system. Developmental toxicity can be defined as “the occurrence of adverse effects on the developing organism that may result from exposure before conception (either parent) during prenatal development or postnatal to the time of sexual maturation”. Adverse developmental effects may be detected at any point in the life span of the organism. Developmental toxicity can include fetal death, structural abnormalities or birth defects and functional deficiencies or altered growth. Examples of reproductive effects include the following: o Effects on the reproductive organs. o Effects on adult sexual functions. o Effects on the offspring of males or females who were exposed could cause structural abnormalities, functional deficiencies, diseases or altered growth or fetal death. o Effects on the health of the neonate by concentrating in breast milk. o Increase risk of cancer early in life or in adulthood from trans-placental carcinogens crossing the placenta. Information for the following chart was taken from these agencies, publications or chemical specific SDS: o ACGIH-American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists o ACOEM-American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine o CDC-Center of Disease Control and Prevention o DART-Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology (National Library of Medicine) o HSDB-Hazardous Substances Data Bank (National Library of Medicine) o IARC-International Agency for Research on Cancer o LBL-Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory o NIOSH-National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health o NTP-National Toxicology Program o OSHA-Occupational Safety and Health Administration Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Known or Suspected Reproductive Toxins The following chemicals have shown reproductive effects in animal studies or have been investigated as mutagens, tumorigenesis or reproductive effectors. (This list does not cover all chemicals currently in existence or under investigation. Please check SDS to determine if the chemical is considered a reproductive toxin if column does not have an “X”.) Reproductive Toxins (d)-Propoxyphene (l)-Phenylalaanine (l)-Proline 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3cyclohexyl-1nitrosourea (CCNU) (lomustine) 1,1,2,2,Tertchloroethane 1,1,-Dichloroethane 1,1-Dichloroethylene 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 1,2,3-Trichloropropane 1,2-Dichloroethane 1,2-Dichlorpropane 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine 1,2-Epoxypropane 1,2-Propylene oxide 1,3-Butandiene 1,3-Dichloropropane 1,3-Dichloropropene 1,4-Butanediol dimethylsulfonate 1,6-Dinitropyrene 1-Chloro-2, 3epoxypropane 1-Chloropentane CAS # ACGIH ACOEM CDC 469-625 63-91-2 147-853 1301047-4 DART HSDB IARC LBL 4239764-8 106-898 543-59- Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 NTP X X X 79-34-5 75-34-3 75-34-4 57-14-7 96-18-4 107-062 78-87-5 306-376 75-56-9 75-56-9 106-990 142-289 542-756 55-98-1 NIOSH X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X OSHA 1-Decene 1-Dodecene 1-Octene 1-Pentene 1-Tridecene 9 872-059 112-414 111-660 109-671 243756-1 Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 X X X X X Reproductive Toxins 2,3,7,8Tetrachlorodibenzo-paradioxine (TCDD) 2,3-Dimethylbutane 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride 2,3-Epoxy-1-propanol 2,4,4-Trimethyl-1pentene 2,4,5Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-bis((3methoxypropyl) amino)-6(methylthio)-s-triazine 2,4-Diaminoanisole 2.4-Diaminotoluene 2,4Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2-Aminoanthracene 2-Nitropropane 3-Amino-1, 2,4-Triazole 4-Aminodiphenyl 4-Dimethylaminobenzene 4-Nitrobiphenyl 4-Vinyl toluene 5-Methoxypsoralen CAS # 79-298 76639-2 10689-8 10739-1 93-765 ACGIH ACOEM CDC DART HSDB NIOSH NTP OSHA X X X X X X 61505-4 95-807 94-757 Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 LBL X 84552-3 61313-8 79-469 61-825 92-671 60-117 92-933 62297-7 48420-8 IARC X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5-Nitroacenaphthene 6-Nitrochrysene Acetaldehyde Acetamide Acetic acid Acetohexamide Acetohydroxamic acid Acetone Acrolein Acrylamide Acrylic acid Acrylonitrile Aflatoxin B1 Aflatoxin B2 Aflatoxin G1 Aflatoxin G2 Aflatoxins Alanine nitrogen mustard Aldicarb Aldosterone All-trans retinoic acid Allyl alcohol 60287-9 749602-8 75-070 60-355 64-197 96881-0 54688-3 67-641 10702-8 79-061 79-107 10713-1 116265-8 722081-7 116539-5 724198-7 140268-2 14882-3 11606-3 52-391 30279-4 10718-6 Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Allyamine alpha-Amanitin alpha-Methyl styrene Alprazolam Alum, potassium Aluminum ammonium sulfate Aluminum fluoride Aluminum hydroxide Aluminum nitrate Aluminum oxide Aluminum sodium sulfate Aluminum sulfate Amanin Ametryn Amikacin sulfate Aminoacetonitrile Aminoazobenzene Aminoglutethimide Aminopterin Aminopyrine Amitrole Ammonia 107-119 2310905-9 98-839 2898197-7 1004367-1 778425-0 778418-1 2164551-2 1347390-0 134428-1 1010271-3 1004301-3 2115021-0 83412-8 3983155-5 54061-4 60-093 12584-8 54626 58-151 61-825 766441-7 Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Ammonium chloride Ammonium meta-vanadate Ammophyllin Amoxicillin Ampicillin Aniline & homologues Antimony trioxide Arsenic Arsenic, elemental & inorganic cmpds except Arsine Arsenous acid Ascorbic acid Aspartame Aspartic acid Aspirin Atrazine Atropine Auramine Azacitidine Benomyl Benzal chloride Benzene Benzidine 1212502-9 780355-6 31734-0 2678778-0 69-534 62-533 130964-4 744038-2 Various 132753-3 50-817 2283947-0 56-848 50-782 191224-9 51-558 246527-2 32067-2 1780435-2 98-873 71-432 92-87- Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5 Benzo(a)pyrene Benzotrichloride Benzphetamine hydrochloride Benzyl chloride Benzyl dichloride Benzyl trichloride Beryllium & compounds Beryllium sulfate beta-Amanitin Bis(2-methoxyethyl) phthalate Bis(tributyltin) oxide Bisacodyl Bischloroethyl nitrosourea (BCNU) (carmustine) Bismuth subsalicylate Boric acid Brodifacoum Bromoform Bromoxynil Butabarbital sodium Butylated hydroxyanisole Butyric acid 50-328 98-077 541122-3 10044-7 98-873 98-077 744041-7 1351049-1 1356707-2 11782-8 56-359 60350-9 154093-8 1488218-9 1004335-3 5607310-0 75-252 168984-5 14381-7 2501316-5 305- Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Cadmium & its compounds Calcium hypochlorite Cantharidine Captan Carbamic acid, ethyl ester Carbenicillin Carbon disulfide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Carboplatin Castor oil Catechol Cefazolin Cephalexin Charcoal Chenodiol Chlorambucil Chlorazine Chlordane Chlordecone (kepone) Chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide 03-3 Various 777854-3 56-257 13306-2 51-796 469736-3 75-150 63008-0 56-235 4157594-4 800179-4 12680-9 2595319-9 1568671-2 1629196-6 474225-9 30503-3 58048-3 57-749 14350-0 58-253 438- Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X hydrochloride Chlorinated camphene Chlorobenzene Chlorobromomethane Chlorocyclizine hydrochloride Chlorodiphenyl (42% chlorine) Chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine) Chloroethane Chloroethylene Chloroform Chloromethyl methyl ether Chloroprene Chloroquine Chlorotrifluoroethylene Cholic acid Chromic acid & chromates Chromium (VI) cmpds as Cr, water insoluble Chromium (VI) cmpds as Cr, water soluble Chromium trioxide Chrysene Cimetidine Citrinin Clomiphene citrate 41-5 800135-2 10890-7 74-975 162021-9 5346921-9 1109769-1 75-0-3 75-014 67-663 54288-1 901098-4 54-057 79-389 81-254 133382-0 133382-0 133382-0 133383-0 21801-9 5148161-9 51875-2 50-41- Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Clorazepate dipotassium Cloxacillin Cocaine Coke oven emissions Colchicine Conjugated estrogens Cumene (isopropylbenzene) Cyanazine Cycasin Cyclochlorotine Cycloheptane Cyclohexane 9 5710990-7 61-723 50-362 744044-0 64-868 N/A 98-828 2172546-2 1490108-7 1266346-6 29164-5 11082-7 Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 X X X X X X X X X X X X Reproductive Toxins CAS # Cyclohexene 110-838 66-819 444951-8 28792-3 50-180 605519-2 1312170-5 2293686-3 12903-3 14794-4 1493096-2 3601119-5 434203-4 1723088-5 2083081-3 2354150-6 50-293 91-17-8 Cycloheximine Cyclopamine Cyclopentane Cyclophosphamide (anhydrous) Cyclophosphamide (hydrated) Cyhexatin Cyprazine Cyproheptadine Cytarabine Cytochalasin B Cytochalasin E Dacarbazine Danazol Daunorubicine Daunorubicine hydrochloride DDT Decalin (decahydronaphthalene) Decane Decylbenzene 124-185 10472-3 Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 ACGIH ACOEM CDC DART HSDB IARC LBL NIOSH NTP X X X X X X X X X X X X X X x X X X X X OSHA Deoxycholic acid Desemetryn Dexamethasone Dexpanthenol Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Diacetyl Diazepam Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) Dibutyltin acetate Dibutyltin dilaurate Dichlorobenzene Dichloromethane Dichlorvos Dicumarol Dicyclopentadiene Dieldrin Diethyl sulfate Diethylene dioxide (Dioxane) Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme) Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Dihydroxybenzene Diisopropyl fluorophosphates 83-443 101469-3 50-022 81-13-0 117-817 43103-8 43914-5 96-128 106733-0 77-587 Various 75-092 62-737 66-762 77-736 60-571 64-675 123-911 111-966 56-531 123-319 55-914 Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Dimethyl sulfate Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) Dimethylformamide Dimethyltin bis(isooctyl mercaptoacetate) Di-n-butyltin dichloride Dinitrotoluene Dinocap Dinoseb Dioxane Diphenylamine Diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin) Di-sec-octyl-phthalate Doxycycline (internal use) Doxycycline calcium (internal use) Doxycycline hyclate (internal use) Doxycycline monohydrate (internal use) Dyrene E-amino-n-caproic acid Egomaketone Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether Enflurane Epichlorohydrin Ergot alkaloid 77-781 67-685 68-122 2663601-1 68318-1 121-142 3930045-3 88-857 123-911 12239-4 54-410 11781-7 56425-0 9408885-4 2439014-5 1708628-1 101-0503 60-322 5920474-9 10986-4 1383816-9 10689-8 12126- Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Ergotamine tartrate Estradiol Ethanol Ethidium bromide Ethoxyacetic acid Ethyl acrylate Ethyl bromide Ethyl chloride Ethyl formate Ethyl mercaptan Ethylene dibromide Ethylene dichloride Ethylene gycol Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (glyme) Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acrylate Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate Ethylene oxide Ethylene thiourea Ethylidene chloride Etoposide 57-7 37979-3 800129-4 64-175 123945-8 62703-2 14088-5 74-964 75-003 10994-4 75-081 10693-4 10706-2 107-211 110-714 110-805 110-496 312161-7 111-159 71-21-8 96-457 75-343 3341942-0 Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Etretinate Fenbutatin oxide Fenvalerate Fluorocarbons Fluorouracil Fluoxymestrone Fluphenazine Flurazepam hydrochloride Flutamide Formaldehyde Formamide Furan Furfural Fusaric acid Gallium arsenide GammaHexachlorcyclohexane Gentian extract Germanium dioxide Glutaric acid Gylcidol Grayanotoxin I Gum benzoin Gyromitrin 5435048-0 1335608-6 5163058-1 76-142 51-21-8 76-437 69-238 117218-5 1331184-7 50-000 75-127 110-009 98-01-1 53969-6 130300-0 58-899 7296842-4 131053-8 110-941 55652-5 472009-6 900005-9 1656802-8 Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Halazepam Halothane Heptachlor Heptane Heroin Heroin hydrochloride Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobutadiene Hexamethyl phosphoramide Hydroquinone Ifosfamide Imazalil Indomethacin Iodine-131 Iodoacetic acid Ipomeanol Isoamyl acetate Isobutylene Isopentane Isopropanol Isotretinoin Isovaleraldehyde 2309217-3 151-677 76-448 14282-5 56127-3 150295-0 118-741 87-683 68031-9 123-319 377873-2 3555444-0 53-861 1004366-0 64-697 3295458-8 12392-2 115-117 78-784 67-630 475948-2 59086-3 Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Juniper oil Juniper tar oil Kaolin Kepone Kerosene Lasiocarpine Lead Lead chromate Lead compounds Lindane Lithium carbonate Lithium citrate l-Lysine l-Serine l-Tyrosine Manganese & its compounds Mannitol nitrogen mustard Medroxyprogesterone acetate Megestrol acetate Melphalan Menotropins Meprobamate Mercaptopurine 801291-7 013-103 133258-7 14350-0 800820-6 30334-4 743992-1 775897-6 Various 58-899 55413-2 919-164 56-871 56-451 60-184 Various 57668-1 71-589 59533-5 14882-3 900268-0 57-534 611276-1 Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Mercury & its compounds Methacycline Methacycline hydrochloride Methanol Methicillin Methimazole Methoprotryne Methotrexate Methotrexate sodium Methoxychlor Methyl bromide Methyl chloride Methyl chloroform Methyl disulfide Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) Methyl iodide Methyl isobutyl ketone Methyl mercury (dimethyl mercury) Methyl n-butyl ketone Methylacetylene Methylal Methylamine Various 91400-1 396395-9 67-561 61-325 60-560 84106-5 59-052 1547556-6 72-435 74-839 74-873 71-556 62492-0 78-933 74-884 108-101 59374-8 59178-6 5935575-8 10987-5 74-895 Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Methylcyclohexane Methylcyclopentane Methylene blue Methylhydrazine Methyl-o-anisidine Methyltestosterone Michler’s ketone Midazolam hydrochloride Misoprostol Mitoxantrone hydrochloride Monomethyltin tris(isoctyl mercaptoacetate) Mono-n-butyltin trichloride Muscarine chloride Muscimol n,n-Dimethylformamide (DMF) n,n-Dimethylnitrosamine Nafarelin acetate Naphthalene n-Chlorosuccinimide Neomycin sulfate Neopentane Netilmicine sulfate Nickel 10887-2 96-377 61-734 60-344 120-718 58-184 90-948 5946796-8 5912246-2 7047682-3 5484938-6 111846-3 230335-7 276396-4 68-122 62-759 8622042-0 91-203 12809-6 140510-3 46382-1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 7440- Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 X X Niclosamide Nicotine Nitric oxide Nitrobenzene Nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen half mustard Nitrogen mustard (mechlorethamine) Nitrogen mustard hydrochloride (mechlorethamine hydrochloride) Nitrogen mustard N-oxide hydrochloride Nitrogen mustard oxide Nitrous oxide Nivalenol N-methyl-bis(2chloroethyl) amine N-methyl-nformylhydrazine N-nitrosodiethanolamine N-nitrosodiethylamine N-nitrosodimethylamine N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine N-nitrosomorpholine N-nitroso-n-methylurea Nonene 02-0 50-657 54-11-5 1010243-9 98-953 1010244-0 10799-3 51-752 55-867 30270-5 12685-2 1002497-2 2328220-4 55-867 75817-8 111654-7 55-185 62-759 92416-3 59-892 68493-5 2721595-8 Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Norethisterone (northindrone) Norethisterone (northindrone)/ethinyl estradiol Norethisterone/ (norethindrone/mestranol) Norethisterone acetate (norethindrone acetate) Norgestrel Nor-nitrogen mustard N-propanol o-Aminoazotoluene Ochratoxin A Ochratoxin C Octanoic acid o-Dichlorobenzene o-Toluidine Oxalic acid Oxazepam Oxytetacycline (internal use) Oxytetracycline hydrochloride (internal use) Ozone Palmotoxin B0 Palmotoxin G0 Parafomaldehyde 68-224 68-224/ 57-636 68-224/ 72-333 51-989 653300-2 33422-5 71-238 97-563 30347-9 486585-4 382526-1 95-501 95-534 14462-7 60475-1 79-572 205846-0 X X X X X X X X X X X X 3945010-7 3945011-8 30525- Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 X X X X Paramethadione Paraquat Parathion Patulin 89-4 115-673 191042-5 56-382 14929-1 Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 X X Reproductive Toxins CAS # p-Cresidine p-Dichlorobenzene Pectin Pencillamine Penicillic acid Penicillin G Penicillin V Pentachlorophenol Pepper oil Perchloroethylene Perphenazine Phalloidin Phalloin Phenacemide Phenethicillin potassium Phenol Phenprocoumon Phenyl glycidyl ether Phenylene Phenylhydrazine Phosmet Phthalimide Pipobroman Platinum & its compounds Plicamycin P-nitrochlorobenzene Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) Polychlornated biphenyls (Aroclors) Polyvinylpyrrolidone 120-71-8 106-46-7 9000-69-5 52-67-5 90-65-3 61-33-6 132-98-9 87-86-5 8006-82-4 127-18-4 58-39-9 17466-45-4 28227-92-1 63-98-9 132-93-4 108-95-2 435-97-2 122-60-1 100-42-5 100-63-0 732-11-6 85-41-6 54-91-1 Various 18378-89-7 100-00-5 59536-65-1 1336-36-3 Various 9003-39-8 Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 ACGIH ACOEM CDC DART HSDB IARC LBL NIOSH X NTP X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X OSHA Reproductive Toxins CAS # Potassium iodide p-Phenylenediamine Procarbazine hydrochloride Prometon Propazine Propylene dichloride Propylene imine Propylene oxide Propylthouracil Pyrocatechol Quartz Retrorsine Bibavirin Ricin Rifabutin Rubratoxin A Rubratoxin B Saxitoxin dihydrochloride Secobarbital sodium Selenium & its compounds 7681-11-0 2067-58-5 366-70-1 1610-18-0 139-40-2 78-87-5 75-55-8 75-56-9 51-52-5 120-80-9 14808-60-7 480-54-6 36791045 9009-86-3 72559-06-9 22467-31-8 21794-01-4 35554-08-6 309-43-3 7782-49-2/ various 7761-88-8 122-34-9 134-03-2 57-30-7 3810-74-0 18883-66-4 57-24-9 100-42-5 723-46-6 Silver (I) nitrate Simazine Sodium ascorbate Sodium Phenobarbital Streptomycin sulfate Streptozotocin Strychnine Styrene Sulfamethoxazole Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 ACGIH ACOEM CDC DART HSDB IARC LBL NIOSH NTP X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X OSHA Reproductive Toxins CAS # T-2 toxin Tamoxifen citrate Tellurium & its compounds 21259-20-1 54965-24-1 236-81-3/ various 846-50-4 886-50-0 127-18-14 56-23-5 60-54-8 597-64-8 109-99-9 119-64-2 1461-24-2 4368-28-9 50-35-1 N/A 154-42-7 62-56-6 N/A 49842-07-1 108-88-3 584-84-9 8001-35-2 28911-01-5 76-03-9 79-01-6 67-66-3 13121-70-5 4961-40-4 146-54-3 Temazepam Terbutryne Tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloromethane Tetracycline (internal use) Tetraethyl tin Tetrahydrofuran (THF) Tetralin (tetrahydronaphthalene) Tetra-n-butyltin Tetrodotoxin Thalidomide Thallium & its compounds Thioguanine Thiourea Tobacco smoke (primary) Tobramycin sulfate Toluene Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate Toxaphene Triazolam Trichloroacetic acid Trichloroethylene Trichloromethane Tricyclohexyltin hydroxide Triethylenetetramine Triflupromazine Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 ACGIH ACOEM CDC DART HSDB IARC LBL NIOSH NTP X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X OSHA Reproductive Toxins CAS # Trilostane Trimethanione Trimethyltin chloride Tri-n-butyltin hydride Triphenyltin acetate Triphenytin chloride Triphenyltin hydroxide Uracil mustard Uranium Urethane Urofollitropin Valerian root Valproate (valproic acid) Vanadic acid, ammonium salt Vinblastine sulfate Vincristine sulfate Vinyl acetate Vinyl benzene Vinyl chloride Vinyl cyanide Vinylcyclohexene dioxide Vinyl ether Vinyl toluene Vinylidene chloride VM & P Naptha Warfarin Xylene Zearalenone Zidovudine Zinc chromates 13647-35-3 127-48-0 1066-45-1 688-73-3 900-95-8 693-58-7 76-87-9 66-75-1 Various 51-79-6 26995-91-5 8057-49-6 99-66-1 11115-67-6 143-67-9 2068-78-2 108-05-4 100-42-5 75-01-4 N/A 106-87-6 109-93-3 25013-15-4 75-35-4 8032-32-4 81-81-2 Various 17924-92-4 30516-87-1 13530-65-9 Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 ACGIH ACOEM CDC DART HSDB IARC LBL NIOSH NTP OSHA X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Targets of Specific Chemical and Physical Reproductive Agents Agent CAS # 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) 1,2-Dinitrobenzene 1,3-Dinitrobenzene 2,4-D Butyric acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) Acrylic acid Alkylating/antineoplastic agents Aminopterin Anabolic steroids Aniline Aspirin (during the last 3 months of pregnancy) Benomyl Benzene Cadmium Cancer treatment drugs (methotrexate) Carbaryl (sevin) Carbon Disulfide Chlorosulfuron Cocaine Colchicine Cyclophosphamide (anhydrous) Cyclophosphamide (hydrated) Cytomegalovirus (CMV), human Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) Diflunisal Dimethyl Sulfoxide Diemthylformamide Dinoseb Diphenylamine Doxorubicin hydrochloride Epichlorohydrin Estradiol Ethylene dibromide Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate Ethylene oxide 96128 528-29-0 99-65-0 94-82-6 94-75-7 79-10-7 N/A 54-62-6 N/A 62-53-3 50-78-2 17804-35-2 132207-33-1 7440-43-9 59-05-2 200-555-0 75-15-0 64902-72-3 50-36-2 64-86-8 50-18-0 6055-19-2 N/A 96-12-8 22494-42-4 67-68-5 68-12-2 88-85-7 122-39-4 25316-40-9 106-89-8 50-28-2 106-93-4 110-80-5 111-15-9 109-86-4 110-49-6 75-21-8 Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Men Women Embryo x X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Etodolac Formaldehyde Formamide Ganciclovir sodium Haloperidol Hepatitis B virus Hexachlorobenzene Hexamethylphosphoramide Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Iodoacetic acid Ionizing radiation (x-rays & gamma rays) Kepone Lead Leuprolide acetate Mercury vapor Myclobutanil 41340-25-4 50-00-0 75-12-7 824110-32-0 52-86-8 N/A 118-74-1 680-31-9 N/A 64-69-7 N/A 143-50-0 7439-92-1 74381-53-6 7439-97-6 88671-89-0 Agent CAS # n,n-Dimethylacetamide Nifedipine Nitrobenzene Nitrofurantoin Nitrous oxide Oxydemetonmethyl P,P-DDT Paclitaxel p-Dinitrobenzene Perchloroethylene Phenol Pimozide Polybrominated & polychlorinated biphenyls Quizalofop-ethyl Radiation Rubella (German measles) Sodium fluoroacetate Streptozocin Styrene Sulfasalazine Sulindac Thalidomide Thiophanate-methyl Tobacco smoke (primary) 127-19-5 21829-25-4 98-95-3 67-20-9 1002-97-2 301-12-2 50-29-3 33069-62-4 100-25-4 127-18-4 108-95-2 20627-28-4 Various 76578-14-19 N/A N/A 62-74-8 18883-66-4 100-42-5 599-79-1 38194-50-2 50-35-1 23564-05-8 N/A Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Men Women Embryo X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Toluene Toxoplasmosis Triadimefon Uracil mustard Varicella-zoster virus (chicken pox) Vinyl chloride Welding Xylene Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 108-88-3 N/A 43121-43-3 66-75-1 N/A 75-01-4 N/A 1330-20-7 X X X X X X X X X X X Appendix J List of Known Carcinogens and Non-Carcinogens Chemical Designated by: o Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) o American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) o National Toxicology Program (NTP) o International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) NOTE: The “List of Known Carcinogens and Non-Carcinogens” has been obtained using the best available information. Although the sources used to compile this list are excellent references, there is no guarantee that all referenced chemicals have been included. More information on hazardous chemicals may be obtained from individual SDS’s. This list will be updated as new information becomes available. OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor Group X: OSHA Regulated Chemicals IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer Group 1: Carcinogenic to Humans Group 2A: Probably Carcinogenic to Humans Group 2B: Possibly Carcinogenic to Humans NTP: National Toxicology Program, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Group 1: Known to be Human Carcinogens (K) Group 2: Reasonably anticipated to be Human Carcinogens (R) ACGIH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Group A1: Confirmed Human Carcinogen Group A2: Suspected Human Carcinogen Group A3: Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans Group A4: Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen Group A5 Not Suspected as a Human Carcinogen Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 List of Known Carcinogens and Non-Carcinogens Chemical Name Acetaldehyde Acetamide Acetamide, N- [4-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]Acetic acid, Cobalt (2+) salt Acetone Acetonitrile Acetylaminofluorene, 2Acrolein Acrylamide Acrylamide, AF-2[2-(2-Furyl)-3(5-nitrofuryl)]Acrylic acid Acrylonitrile, inhibited Adriamycin Aflatoxin B1 Aflatoxin M1 Aflatoxins Aldrin Allyl alcohol Allyl chloride Allyl glycidly ether (AGE) Aluminum oxide Aluminum production 1-Amino-2-methylanthraquinone 2-Amino-5- (5-nitro-2-furyl)-1.3.4-thiadiazole Amino-alpha-C (2-Amoni-9H-pyrido[2,3-b] indole) Aminoanthraquinone 3Aminoazobenzene, pAminoazotoluene, oAminobiphenyl, 2-(4-aminodiphenyl) Aminomethylanthraquinone, 1,2Aminonaphthalene, 2Amitrole Ammonium (VI) dichromate Ammonium perfluorooctanoate Anesthetic, volatile Analgeisc mixtures containing phenacetin Androgenic (anabolic) steroid Aniline Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 OSHA IARC NTP ACGIH 2B 2B 2B 2B 2 A3 A4 A4 O,W X O,W 2 2A 2B 2 2A 2A 1 2B 1 2 2 A4 A3 A4 A2 1 A3 A4 A3 A4 A4 1 2 O,W 2B 2B 3 2B 2B 1 3 2B 1 2 2 1 2 A1 2 A3 A3 2A 1 2A 3 1 A3 Anisidine hydrochloride, oAnisidine, oAnisidine, pAntimony trioxide ANTU Aramite Arsenenous acid, calcium salt (2:1) Arseneous acid, potassium salt Arsenic acid, calcium salt Arsenic acid, calcium salt (2:3) Arsenic acid, disodium salt, heptahydrate Arsenic acid, lead (2+) salt (1:1) Arsenic acid, monopotassium salt Arsenic acid, sodium salt Arsenic pentoxide Arsenic trioxide Arsenic & certain arsenic compounds Chemical Name Arsenious acid, calcium salt Aresnious acid, monosodium salt Arsonic acid, calcium salt (1:1) Asbestos Asbestos, actinolite Asbestos, Amosite Asbestos, Anthophyllite Asbestos, Chrysotile Asbestos, Crocidolite Asbestos, other forms Asbestos, Tremolite Asphalt Atrazine Auramine Auramine, manufacture of Azactidine Azaserine Azathioprine Azbllen asbestos Azinphos-methyl Barium (VI) chromate Barium & soluble compounds Benomyl Benz [a] anthracene Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 2B 2B 3 3 1 1 1 O,W OSHA 1 1 IARC 1 O O O O 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 NTP 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2B 2B 1 2A 2B 1 A3 A4 A4 A2 A4 A1 ACGIH A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A4 A4 1 1 A4 1 2A 1 2 A4 A4 A2 Benzal chloride Benzene Benzidine Benzidine-based dyes Benzo [a] pyrene Benzo [b] fluoranthene Benzo [j] fluoranthene Benzo [k] fluoranthene Benzofuran Benzotrichloride Benzoyl chloride Benzyl acetate Benzyl chloride Benzyl violet 4B Beryllium aluminum alloy Beryllium aluminum silicate Beryllium & certain beryllium compounds Beryllium chloride Beryllium compounds, n.o.s. Beryllium fluoride Beryllium hydrogen phosphate (1:1) Beryllium hydroxide Beryllium oxide Beryllium oxide carbonate Beryllium sulfate Beryllium sulfate, tetrahydrate (1:1:4) Beryllium zinc silicate Betel quid with tobacco n,n-bis(2-chloroethyl)-2-naphthylamine (Chlornaphazine) Bis (chloromethyl ) ether Bischloroethyl nitrourea (BCNU) Bismuth telluride, undoped & se-doped Bitumen, extracts of stream & air refined Chemical Name Bleomycin, chlorohydrate Boot & shoe manufacture and repair Bracken fern Bromacil Bromodichloromethane Bromoform Butadiene, 1,3Butanedioldimethylsulfonate, 1,4-(Busuphan:Myleran) Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 O, W O, W X 2A 1 1 2A 2A 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2A 1 1 A1 A1 2 2 2 2 A2 A2 2 A2 A4 A4 A3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 A1 A1 A4 OSHA 2B IARC NTP ACGIH 2B 1 2B A3 2B 2 1 1 2 1 3 A3 A2 Butanol, tertButanone, 4-(n-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-1 (NNK) Butene, 1,4-Dichloro-2Butyl acetate, NButyl acrylate, NButylamine, n-Nitrosodi-nButylated hydroxyanixole (BHA) Butyroactone, betaC.I. Acid red 114 C.I. Basic red 9 C.I. Direct Blue 15 Cadmium & certain Cadmium compounds Cadmium carbonate Cadmium chloride Cadmium fluoborate Cadmium fume Cadmium nitrate Cadmium sulfate (1:1) Cadmium sulfide Caffeic acid Calcium chromate (VI) Calcium cyanamide Camphor (synthetic) Caprolactam, dust & vapor Captafol Carbaryl Carbofuran Carbon black Carbon tetrachloride Carpentry & joinery Carrageenan, degraded Catechol Chlorambucil Chloramphenicol Chlordane Chlordane, alphaChlordane, betaChlordane, gammaChlordecone (Kepone) Chlorendic acid Chlorinated camphene (Toxaphene) Chlorinated paraffins (C12 60% Chlorine) Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 A4 2B 2 A2 A4 A4 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2 2 2 O,W A2 1 1 1 1 2B 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 4 2A 3 2B 2B 2B 2B 3 1 2A 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2 A2 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A2 A3 1 A3 2 2 A3 2B 2 Chlorinated Paraffins (c23 43% Chlorine) Chlorinated toluene, alphaChlorine Chlorocetophenone, alphaChlorobenzene Chlorobenzidine malononitrile, oChemical Name Chlorodifluoromethane Chlorodiphenyl Chloroethyl nitrosourea, bis- (BCNU) Chloroform Chloromethyl ether, bisChloromethyl methyl ether Chlorophenols Chlorophenoxy herbicides Chloropicrin Chloroprene, betaChloropropane, 1,2-Dibromo-3- (DBCP) Chloropyridos Chlorozotocin Chromate (1-), Hydroxyoctaoxodizincatedi-, potassium Chromic acid, disodium salt Chromic acid, lead (2+) salt (1:1) Chromite (mineral) Chromite ore processing Chromium (III) compounds Chromium (III) oxide (2:3) Chromium (VI) chloride Chromium (VI) compounds, certain water soluble Chromium (VI) dioxychloride Chromium (VI) oxide (1:3) Chromium carbamate (6CI) Chromium metal Chromium phosphate Chromium triacetate Chrysene Cyclosporine Cisplatin Citric Red No. 2 Clopidol Coal gasification Coal tar Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 2 2B OSHA IARC NTP 3 2A 2B A4 A4 A3 A4 ACGIH A4 A3 2 2 O, W O, W A3 A1 A2 2B 2B A4 O,W 3 2B 2 A4 2A 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A1 A4 A4 A1 A1 A1 A1 A4 1 1 3 1 2A 2B A3 2 A4 1 1 Coal tar distillate Coal tar dye Coal tars Cobalt (2+) oxide Cobalt (2+) sulfide Cobalt (II) acetate tetrahydrate Cobalt (II) carbonate hydroxide (2:3) monohydroxide Cobalt (II) chloride Cobalt (II) chloride, hexahydrate Cobalt (II) hydroxide Cobalt (II) nitrate (1:2) Cobalt (III) oxide Cobalt (II) sulfate (1:1) Cobalt alloy, Co, Cr Cobalt carbonate (1:1) Cobalt carbonate, cobalt dihydroxide (2:3) Cobalt carbonyl (Co4(Co)12) Cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Cobalt hydroxide Cobalt hydroxide oxide Cobalt molybdate (VI) Cobalt naphthanate Chemical Name Cobalt oxide Cobalt triacetate Cobalt, (mu-(Carbonate(2-)-O:O’)) dihydroxydiCobalt, Di0mu-carbonylhexacarbonyldi-,(Co-Co) Cobalt, elemental & inorganic compounds Cobalt-Aluminum-Chromium spinel Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum alloy Cobalt-Chromium-Nickel-Tungsten Alloy Coffee Coke oven emissions Coke production (coke oven emissions Conestoral Conjugated estrogen Creosote, wood Creosotes Cresidine, pCresol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-pCrotonaldehyde Crufomate Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 OSHA 1 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B IARC 1 1 1 1 NTP ACGIH 2B 2B 2B 2B A3 2B 2B 2B 2B O O 1 2A 2B 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 A4 A3 A4 Cupferron Cycasin Cyclohexanone Cyclohexylamine Cyclophosphamide Cyclosporin A Cyhexatin Dacarbazine Dantron (Chrysazin: 1,8-dihydroxyanthroquinone) Daunomycin DDD (Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane) DDE (Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene) DDT Decabromodiphenyl (under polybrominated biphenyls) Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Diacetylbenzidine, N, N’Diaminoanisole sulfate, 2,4Diaminoanisole, 2,4- (and its salts) Diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4Diaminotoluene, 2,4Diazinon Diazomethane Dibenz[a,h]acridine Dibenz[a,h]anthracene Dibenz[a,j]acridine Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole, 7HDibenzo[a,e]pyrene Dibenzo[a.h]pyrene Dibenzo[a,I]pyrene Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole-7H Dibromo-3-chloropropane-1,2 (DBCP) Dibromoethane, 1,2- (Ethylene dibromide) Dichloro-2-butene-1, 4 Dichloro-4,4’-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,3Dichloroacetylene Dichlorobenzene, oDichlorobenzene, pChemical Name Dichlorobenzidine dichydrochloride, 3,3Dichlorobenzidine, 3,3Dichlorodifluoromethane Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 2 2B 3 A4 A4 1 1 1 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2 A4 2B 2B 2 2 2 A3 A3 2 2B 2B 2B 2 2 A4 A2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 A3 OSHA 2B 2A 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2A 2B 2B 3 3 2B IARC 2 NTP A3 A4 A3 ACGIH O,W 2B 2 2 X A3 A4 Dichloroethane, 1,1Dichloroethane, 1,2Dichloroethyl ether Dichloromethane Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4- (2,4-D) Dichloropropene, 1,3Dichlorotetrafluoroethane Dichlorvos Dichromic acid, diammonium salt Dicrotophos Dieldrin Diepoxybutane Diepoxybutane, (+/-)-1,2,3,4Diepoxybutane, 1-1,2:3,4Diesel exhaust Diesel fuel, marine Diesel fuels, distillate (light) Diethyl sulfate Diethylamine (N,N-dimethylaniline) Diethylhydrazine, 1,2Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Diglycidyl ether (DGE) Diglycidyl resorcinol ether Dihydrosafrol Dihydroxymethylfuratrizine Diisopropyl sulfate Dimethoxybenzidine dihydrochloride, 3,3Dimethoxybenzidine, 3,3- (ortho-Dianisidine) Dimethyl carbamoyl chloride Dimethyl formamide Dimethyl sulfate Michler’s ketone [(Dimethylamino)methylimino]-5-[2-(5-nitor-2-furyl) vinyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-trans-2 Dimethylacetamide, N,N’Dimethylamine Dimethylaminoazobenzene, pDimethylaniline (N,N-dimethylaniline) Dimethylbenzidine, 3,3’- (o-Tolidine) Dimethylhydrazine, 1,1Dimethylhydrazine, 1,2Dinitolimide 3,7-Dinitrofluorantene Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 A4 2B 2 2B 2 2B 2 A4 2B 1 3 2B 2B 2B 2A 2B 2B 2A A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 2 2 A4 2B 1 1 A4 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2A 2B 2A 2 2 2 2 2 2 A2 A4 A3 2B A4 A4 O,W 2B 3 2B 2B 2B 2 2 2 A4 A3 A3 A4 2B 3,9-Dinitrofluoranthene Dinitripyrene, 1,6Dinitropyrene, 1,8Dinitrotoluene, 2,4Dinitrotoluene, 2,6Dinitrotoluene Dioxane, 1,4Dioxathion Diphenylamine Diquat Direct black 38 Chemical Name Direct blue 6 Disperse blue 1 Disulfiram Diuron Dry cleaning (occupational exposure in) Endosulfan Endrin Enflurane Engine exhaust, gasoline Environmental Tobacco smoke Eprichlorohydrin EPN Epoxybutane, 1,2Epstein-Barr Virus Erionite Sodium equilin sulfate (under conjugated estrogens) Estra-1,2,5(10),7-tetraene-17-one, 3-(sulfooxy)-; sodium salt Estrogens (not conjugated) Estradiol-17 Estrogens (not conjugated) Estrone Estrogens (not conjugated) Ethinylestradiol Estrogens (not conjugated) Mestranol Ethanol Ethyl acetate Ethyl acrylate Ethyl bromide Ethyl chloride Ethyl methanesulfonate n-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea Ethylene Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B OSHA 2B 2 IARC 2 NTP A3 A3 A4 A4 A4 ACGIH 2 2B 3 A4 A4 2B A4 A4 A4 3 2B 2A 1 2 A3 A4 2B 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2B 2 2B 2A 3 2 2 A4 A4 A2 A3 A3 Ethylene chlorohydrin Ethylene diamine Ethylene dibromide Ethylene dichloride Ethylene glycol Ethylene oxide (EtO) Ethylene thiourea Ethyleneimine Fenamiphos Fensulfothion Fenthion Ferbam FireMaster BP-6 (under polybrominated biphenyls) Fluorides, as F Fonofos Foreign bodies, implanted in tissues Formaldehyde (gas) 2-(2-Formylhydrazino)-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole Fowler’s solution Fuel oil, residual Furan Furfural Furniture & cabinet making Gasoline Gasoline engine exhaust fumes Gasoline, unleaded Glass wool Chemical Name Glu-P-1(2-Amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3’,2’d]Imidazole) Glu-P-2(2-Aminodipyrido[1,2-a3’,2’-d]Imidazole Gluteraldehyde, activated & inactivated Glycidaldehyde Glycidol Griseofulvin Haematite mining, underground with exposure to radon gas Halothane Heliobacter pylori (infection with) HC blue 1 Hepatitis B virus (chronic infection with) Hepatitis C virus (chronic infection with) Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 O,W O,W 2A 2 1 2B 3 1 2 A3 A4 A4 A4 A4 3 2B 3 O OSHA 2B 2A 2B 1 2B 2B 3 1 2B 2B 2B 2B IARC A4 A4 A3 A4 A4 1 A4 A4 2 A2 A3 A3 2 NTP ACGIH 2B 2B A4 2B 2 A3 2B 1 A4 1 2B 1 1 Heptachlor & Heptachlor epoxide Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene, gammaHexachlorobutadiene Hexachlorocyclohexanes Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Hexachloroethane Hexamethyl phosphoramide Hot mate Human T-cell lymph tropic virus type 1 (infection with) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (infection with) Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (infection with) Human papillomavirus type 16 Human papillomavirus type 18 Human papillomavirus type 31 Human papillomavirus type 33 Human papillomaviruses: ypes other than 16,18, 31, & 33 Hydrazine Hydrazine sulfate (1:1) Hydrazobenzene Hydrogen peroxide Hydroquinone Imidazolidinone, 1-[(5-Nitrofurfurylidene) amino]-2Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene Inorganic acid mists containing sulfuric acid IQ(2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,4-f]quinoline) Iron & steel founding Iron-dextran complex Isophorone Isoprene Isopropyl alcohol manufacture, strong-acid process Kaolin Kanechlor (under polychlorinated biphenyls) Kaposi’s sarcoma herpes virus/human herpes virus 8 Lasiocarpine Lead (II) phosphate (3:2) Lead acetate Lead acetate (II), trihydrate Lead acetate & Lead phosphate Lead, elemental & lead compounds, inorganic, as Pb Lead chromate Lead chromate (VI) oxide Lindane Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 2B 2B 3 2B 3 2B 2A 1 1 2B 1 1 2A 2A 2B 2B 3 3 2B 2B 1 2A 1 2B 2 2 A3 A3 A3 2 2 2 2A 1 2 2 2 A4 A3 A3 A3 A3 A3 2 2 A3 2B 1 A4 2 2A 2B 2B 2 2 2 2 2B 1 A3 A2 1 A3 Chemical Name Lindane, alphaLindane, betaMagenta (containing C.I. Basic red 9) Magenta. Manufacture of Malathion Maleic anhydride MeA-alpha-C(2-Amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b] indole) MeCCNU [See 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylhexyl)-1nitrosourea] Medroxyprogesterone acetate Melphalan MelQ (2-Amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline) MelQx (2-Amino-3,8-Dimethylimidazo[4,5f]quinoxaline) Mercury, inorganic forms including metallic Merphalan Methomyl Methoxychlor Methoxypsoralen, 5Methoxypsoralen, 8-, plus UV radiation (Methoxsalen) Methoxypsoralen, 8-plus UV radiation (Methoxsalen) Methyl bromide Methyl chloride Methyl chloroform Methyl hydrazine Methyl iodide Methyl methacrylate Methyl methanesulfonate Methyl parathion Methyl-tert-butyl ether Methylaziridine, 2-(Polyeneimine) Methyazoxymethanol & its acetate Methylchrysene, 5Methylene bis (N,N-dimethylbenzenmine),4,4Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline),4,4’- (MBOCA) (MOCA) Methyl acrylate Methylene bis (2-methylaniline), 4,4’Methylene chloride (dichloromethane) Methylenedianiline dihydrochloride, 4,4’Methylenedianiline, 4,4’Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 OSHA IARC NTP ACGIH 2 2 2B 1 3 A4 A4 2B 1 2B 1 2B 2B 1 3 2B 3 2A 1 1 3 3 3 2B 3 W 2B 2B 2B 3 2A 3 2B A4 A4 A4 1 A4 A4 A4 A3 A4 2 A4 A3 2 2 2 2 A2 A4 A3 O 2B 2 2 A3 Methylpropene, 1-chloro-2Methylpropene, 3-chloro-2Methylthiouracil Metribuzin Metronidazole Michler’s ketone Mineral oil, petroleum condensates, vacuum tower Mineral oil, petroleum distillates, acid-treated heavy naphthenic Mineral oil, petroleum distillates, acid-treated heavy paraffinic Mineral oil, petroleum distillates, acid-treated light naphthenic Mineral oil, petroleum distillates, acid-treated light paraffinic Mineral oil, petroleum distillates, heavy naphthenic Chemical Name Mineral oil, petroleum distillates, heavy paraffinic Mineral oil, petroleum distillates, hydro treated (mild) heavy naphthenic Mineral oil, petroleum distillates, hydro treated (mild) heavy paraffinic Mineral oil, petroleum distillates, hydro treated (mild) light naphthenic Mineral oil, petroleum distillates, hydro treated, (mild) light paraffinic Mineral oil, petroleum distillates, light naphthenic Mineral oil, petroleum distillates, light paraffinic Mineral oil, petroleum distillates, solvent-de-waxed heavy naphthenic Mineral oil, petroleum distillates, solvent de-waxed heavy paraffinic Mineral oil, petroleum distillates, solvent de-waxed light naphthenic Mineral oil, petroleum distillates, solvent de-waxed light paraffinic Mineral oil, petroleum residual oils, acid-treated Mineral oils, untreated and mildly treated Mirex Mitomycin C MOCA (MBOCA) Molybdate orange Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 3 2 2 2B A4 2B 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 OSHA 1 IARC NTP ACGIH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2B 2B 2 A2 1 Monocrotaline Moocrotophos MOPP & other combined chemotherapy including alkylating agents Morpholine Mustard gas Myleran (See 1,4-Butanediol dimethylsulfonate) n-Nitrosomethylamino propionitrile, 3Nafenopin Naled Naphthalene Naphthylamine, 2Naphthylamine, alphaNaphthylamine, betaNaphthylamine, N-Phenyl-beta Nickel (II) acetate (1:2) Nickel (II) carbonate (1:1) Nickel (II) hydroxide Nickel (II) oxide (1:1) Nickel (III) hydroxide Nickel alloy, Ni 47-59, Co 17-20, Cr 13-17, Mo 4.5-5.7, Al 3.7-4.7, Ti 3-4, Fe 0-1, C 0-0.1, (AISI 678) Nickel & certain nickel compounds Nickel biscyclopentadiene Nickel carbonyl Nickel hydroxide Nickel sub-sulfide Nickel sulfide (3:2) Nickel sulfide roasting, fume & dust Nickel, compound with pi-Cyclopentadienyl (1:2) Nickel, metallic Nickel, insoluble compounds, as Ni Niridazole Chemical Name Nitrilotriacetic acid & its salts Nitrilotriacetic acid disodium salt, monohydrate Nitrilotriacetic acid, monosodium salt Nitrilotriacetic acid sodium salt Nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt monohydrate Nitrilotriacetic acid, disodium salt Nitrilotriacetic acid, trisodium salt N- [4-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] Acetamide Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 2B A4 1 3 1 A4 1 1 2B 2B A4 A4 O,W O,W W 1 3 1 A1 A4 2 2 2 2 2 2B 1 2 2 2 A1 2 A1 2B OSHA 2B IARC 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2 2 2 NTP 2 ACGIH Nitroacenaphthene, 5Nitroaniline, pNitroanisole, 2Nitroanthraquinone, 2-Methyl-1 Nitrobenzene Nitrobiphenyl, 4-(4-Nitrodiphenyl) Nitrochlorobenzene, pNitrochrysene, 6Nitrodiphenyl, 4Nitrofen Nitrofluorene, 2Nitrogen dioxide 1-[(5-Nitrofurfurylidene) amino]-2-imidazolidinone Nitrogen mustard Nitrogen mustard hydrochloride Nitrogen mustard N-oxide Nitrogen mustard N-oxide hydrochloride Nitromethane Nitropropane, 1Nitropropane, 2Nitropyrene, 1Nitropyrene, 4Nitrosobutylbutanolamine, NNitrosobutylcarboxypropylamine, NN-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine Nitrosodiethanolamine, NNitrosodiethylamine, NNitrosodimethylamine Nitrosoguanidine, N-methyl-N’-nitro-N- (MNNG) Nitrosomethylethylamine, NNitrosomethylvinylamine, NNitrosomorpholine, NNitrosonornicotine, (+/-)-N’Nitrosonornicotine, N’Nitrosopiperidine, NNitrosopyrrolidine, NNitrososarcosine, NNitrosourea, 1-(2-Chlororethyl)-3-(4methylcyclohexyl)-1-(Methyl-CCNU; Semustine) Nitrosourea, 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1- (CCNU) Nitrosourea, N-ethyl-n Nitrosourea, N-methyl-n Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 2B A4 2B 2B 2 A3 A2 A3 O, W 2B A2 2B 2B 2 A4 2B 2B 2A 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B O,W 2B 2B 2B 2A 2A 2A 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 1 2A 2A 2A 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 A3 A4 A3 A3 Nitrosourethane, N-methyl-n Nitrous oxide Norethisterone Ochratoxin A Octabromobiphenyl (under polybrominated biphenyls) Oestrogen, replacement therapy Chemical Name Oestrogen, non-steroidal Oestrogen, steroidal Oil Orange SS Opisthorchis viverrini (infection with) Oral contraceptives, combined Oral contraceptives, sequential Oxadiazole, trans-[(2-Dimethylamino) methyl amino]-5[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl) vinyl]-1,3,4Oxazepam Oxazolidinone, 5-(Morpholinomethyl)-3[(5nitrofurfurylidene) amino]-2Oxymetholone Ozone (light to heavy work) Painter (occupationals exposures as) Palygorskite (attapulgite) (long fibers >5 micrometers) Panfuran S (containing dihydroxymethylfuratrizine) Parathion Pentachlorobiphenyl Pentachloronitrobenzene Pentachlorophenol Perchloroethylene Perlite Petroleum refining (occupational exposures in) Phenacetin Phenazopyridine hydrochloride Phenobarbital Phenol Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride Phenyl-beta-Naphthylamine, NPhenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) Phenylene diamine, oPhenylenediamine, 4-chloror-oPhenylenediamine, mPhenylenediamine, pPhenylhydrazine Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 2B A4 2B OSHA 1 IARC 2 2 2 NTP ACGIH 1 1 2B 1 1 1 2B 2B 2B 2 A4 1 2B 2B 3 A4 2 3 2B A4 A3 A3 A4 2A 2A 2B 2B 2 2 2B 2 A4 A4 A3 A3 2B 2B 3 2 A4 A4 A3 Phenytoin PhiP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-imidazo[4,5-f] pyrine Phosphate, tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) Phthalate, Di- (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate, Di-sect-octyl Phthalic anhydride Pickled vegetables (traditional in Asia) Picloram Piperazine Estrone Sulfate (under conjugated estrogens) Polybrominated biphenyl (FF-1) Polychlorinated biphenyl (PBB) Polychlorinated biphenyl (Arochlor 1254) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) Polychlorophenols & their sodium salts (mixed exposures) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) Ponceau 3R Ponceau MX Potassium bromate Potassium chromate (VI) Potassium dichromate (VI) Chemical Name Printing processes (occupational exposures in) Procarbazine hydrochloride Progesterone Progesterone-only contraceptives Progestins Propane sulfone, 1,3Propiolactone, betaPropionic acid 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) Propionic acid, 2-(4-chloro-2-methyl phenoxy) (Mecoprop) Propoxur Propylamine, N-Nitrosodi-nPropylene Propylene dichloride Propylene imine Propylene oxide Propylthiouracil Pyrethrum Radon & its decay products Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 2B 2B 2A 2B 2 2 2 A3 A4 2B 3 A4 1 2B 2B 2A 2A 2B 2 2 2 2 2 OSHA 2B 2B 2B 1 1 IARC 2B 2A O 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 1 1 NTP ACGIH 2 2 2 2 A3 A3 A3 2B 3 2 2B 2B 2 2 1 1 A4 A4 A3 A3 A4 Reserpine Residues (petroleum), thermal cracked Resorcinol Rhodium & rhodium compounds Rock wool fibers Ronnel Rotenone Rouge Rubber industry Saccharin Saccharin calcium Saccharin, sodium salt Safrole Senarmontite Sesone Shale-oils Silica, crystalline Silica, crystalline cristobalite Silica, crystalline, quartz Silica, crystalline tridymite Silica, crystalline Tripoli Silicic acid, beryllium salt Silicon carbide Sodium azide Sodium bisulfite Sodium dichromate (VI) Sodium metabisulfite Sodium ortho-phenylphenate Solar radiation Soots Soots, tars & mineral oils Starch Stearates Sterigmatocystin Streptozotocin Strontium chromate (VI) Styrene Styrene, monomer Chemical Name Styrene-7,8-oxide Sucrose Sulfallate Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 3 2A 3 2 A4 A4 A3 A4 A4 A4 2B 1 2B 2B 2B 2B 2 2 2 2 A4 1 1 2A 2 2 A2 2A 2A 1 2 A4 A4 A4 1 1 A4 2B 1 1 1 A4 A4 OSHA 2B 2B 1 2B 2 1 A2 IARC NTP A4 ACGIH 2A A4 2B 2 Sulfometuron methyl Sulfotep Sulfur dioxide Sulfur trioxide Sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid, strong mists containing Sulfuric acid, Diisopropyl ester Sulprofos Sun lamps & sun beds Synthetic vitreous continuous glass fibers Synthetic vitreous glass wool fibers Synthetic vitreous rock wool fibers Synthetic vitreous slag wool fibers Synthetic vitreous special purpose glass fibers Talc (containing asbestos fibers) Talc (containing asbestiform fibers) Talc (containing no asbestos fibers) Tamoxifen Tars Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin, 2,3,7,8- (TCDD) Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2, Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene) Tetraethyl lead Tetrafluorethylene Tetranitromethane Textile manufacturing industry (work in) Thiadiazole, 2-amino-5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1,3,4Thiazole, 2-(2-formylhydrazino)-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)Thioacetamide Thiobis(6-tert-butyl-m-cresol), 4,4Thiodianiline, 4,4Thiotepa Thiourea Thiram Thorium dioxide Tin, organic compounds Titanium dioxide Tobacco products, smokeless Tobacco smoke Tolidine, oToluene Toluene diisocyanates Toluenediisocyanates, 2,4Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 A4 A4 A4 3 1 1 1 2B A2 A4 2A A4 A3 A3 A3 A3 1 1 A4 1 1 3 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 1 2 2 A4 A3 A4 2 A3 1 A4 2B 2A 2B 3 2 2 A4 1 3 1 1 3 2B 2B A4 A4 1 2 A3 A4 A4 Toluenediisocyanates, 2,6Toluene sulfonamide, oToluidene, pToluidine hydrochloride, 2-Chloro-oToluidine hydrochloride, oToluidine, mToluidine, oToluidine, p-Chloro-oToluidine, p-Chloro-o-, & its strong acid salts Toxaphene (polychlorinated camphenes) Toxins derived Fusarium moniliforme Chemical Name Treosulphan Trichloro-1, 2,2-trifluoroehtane, 1,1,2Trichloroacetic acid Trichloroethane, 1,1,2Trichloroethane, 2-(o-Chlorophenyl)-2-(p-Chlorophenyl)1,1,1Trichloroethylene Trichlorofluoromethane Trichloromethine (Trimustine hydrochloride) Trichlorophenol, 2,4,6Trichlorophenxoyacetic acid 2,4,5- (2,4,5-T) Trichloropropane, 1,2,3Tridymite (under Silica, crystalline (respirable size)) Triethylamine (Trimustine hydrochloride) Trinitrotoluene, 2,4,6Triorthocresyl phosphate Triphenyl phosphate Tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate Tris (1-aziridinyl) Phosphine sulfide (Thiotepa) Trp-P-1 (3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido [4,3-b] indole) Trp-P-2 (3-Amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido [4,3-b] indole) Trypan blue Ultraviolet radiation (A,B & C) Uracil mustard Uranium (natural; soluble & insoluble compounds, as U) Urethane Valentinite Vanadium pentoxide Vinyl acetate Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 2B 2B A3 2A 2 OSHA 2B 2B 2A 2B 2B IARC 2 A4 A3 2 NTP ACGIH 1 A4 A4 A4 3 3 2B 2A A5 A4 2B 2 A4 A3 2A 1 A4 3 A4 A4 2A 2 1 2B 2B 2B 2A 2B A1 2B 2B 2B 2 A4 A3 Vinyl bromide Vinyl chloride 4-Vinyl-1-cyclohexene diepoxide Vinyl Cyclohexene Vinyl Cyclohexene, 4Vinyl Cyclohexene dioxide Vinyl fluoride Vinyl toluene Vinylcyclohexene diepoxide, 4Vinylcyclohexene, 4Vinylidene chloride VM & P Naphtha Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 O,W 2A 1 2A 3 2B 2B 3 1 2 A2 A1 A3 A3 A3 A3 A4 A4 A3 A3 A3 Appendix K List of Explosive Materials The following list was obtained from the Department of the Treasury, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms website: (http://www:atf.treas.bov/pub/fire-explo_pub/listofexp.htm). The asterisks indicate materials that constitute blasting agents. This list was last updated in 2002. Acetylides of heavy metals Amatol Aluminum containing polymeric propellant Ammonal Aromatic nitro-compound explosive mixtures Ammonium perchlorate explosive mixtures Ammonium slat lattice with isomorphously Ammonium nitrate-Fuel Oil (ANFO)* Baratol Baronol Black powder based explosive mixtures Blasting agents, nitro-carbo- nitrates, including non-cap sensitive slurry & water gel explosives* Blasting powder [bis (Trinitroethyl) carbonate)] (BTNEC) Butyl tetryl Bulk salutes [bis (Trinitroethyl) nitramine} (BTNEN) Calcium nitrate explosive mixture Composition B & variations Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) Cellulose Hexanitrate explosive mixture Composition C & variations Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) Chlorate explosive mixtures Copper acetylide Cyclonite (RDX) Composition A & variations Cyanuric triazide Cyclotol Diaminotrinitrobenzene (DATB) Detonators Diazodinitrophenol (DDNP) Diethyleneglycol dinitrate (DEGDN) Dinitroethyleneurea Detonating cord 1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN) Dinitrophenol DIPAM Dinitropentano nitrile (DNPD) Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Ethylene diamine dinitrate (EDDN) Ethyl-tetryl Aluminum ophorite explosive Ammonium nitrate explosive mixtures (cap sensitive) Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant Azide explosives 1,2-bis (2,2-difluro2-nitroacetoxy ethane (BEAF) Blasting caps Amatex Ammonium nitrate explosive mixtures (non-cap sensitive)* Ammonium picrate (picrate of ammonia, Explosive D) Black powder Blasting gelatins Dimethylol dimethyl methane dinitrate composition Dinitrophenyl hydrazine Dinitroglycerine (Glycerol dinitrate) Dinitrotoluene-sodium nitrate explosive mixtures Display fireworks Dinitroresorcinol Dipicryl sulfone 2,2-Dinitropropyl acrylate (DNPA) Dipicrylamine Dynamite EDNA Ednatol Ethyl 4,4-dinitro pentanoate (EGDN) Explosive conitrates Explosive gelatins Explosive mixtures containing oxygen releasing inorganic Acutely Toxic Gases Acutely toxic gases are gases that may cause significant acute health effects at low concentrations. Health effects may include severe skin or eye irritation, pulmonary edema, neurotoxicity or other potentially fatal conditions. Operational Guideline for Acutely Toxic Gases 1. Notify the Safety and Environmental Compliance Department before ordering acutely toxic gases. 2. Cylinders of compressed gases must be handled as high-energy sources. When storing or moving a cylinder, the cap must be securely in place to protect the stem. All cylinders are to be stored and used in an upright position. Suitable racks, straps, chains or stands must be used when cylinders are being stored or moved. Acutely toxic gases must be stored in a designated, properly ventilated area. 3. All locations within the laboratory, including all fume hoods where acutely toxic gases are used, must be posted with caution signs. Caution signs must be posted on the door. These signs must include a contact number for the Primary Investigator and his/her alternate. 4. Eye protection, in the form of safety goggles, must be worn at all times when handling acutely toxic gases. Ordinary (street) prescription glasses do not provide adequate protection. Eye protection must meet the requirements of the Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection (ANSI Z.87.1 1989) and must be equipped with side shields. 5. Where the eyes of any person may be exposed to acutely toxic gases, suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes shall be provided within 50 feet for immediate emergency use. Bottle type eyewash stations are not acceptable. 6. A safety or drench shower must be available within 100 feet where acutely toxic gases are used. 7. Lab coats, closed toed shoes, long sleeved clothing and appropriated gloves must be worn when handling acutely toxic gases. The selection of the proper glove material should be made in accordance with the SDS and the recommendations of the glove manufacturer. 8. Hazard assessment should focus on the proper use and handling procedures and the education of the employees concerning the health risk posed by acutely toxic gases prior to the beginning of operations. 9. Manipulation of acutely toxic gases shall be carried out in a properly functioning fume hood. Safety shielding is required any time there is a risk of explosion, splash hazard or a highly exothermic reaction. All manipulations of acutely toxic gases, which pose this risk, should occur within a fume hood with the sash in the lowest feasible position. 10. All empty or partially filled acutely toxic gas cylinders should be returned to the supplier. This should be agreed upon at the time the gas is ordered. The criteria used to establish this list are: 1. 2. 3. 4. A National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) health rating of 3-4 A NFPA health rating of 2 with poor physiological warning properties Pyrophoric (self-igniting characteristics) Extremely low occupational exposure limits in the absence of an NFPA health rating Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Common Toxic and Acutely Toxic Gases N N Bromine Pentafluoride Bromine Trifluoride 3 4 N N 1,3-Butadiene 4 N Carbon Tetrafluoride Carbon Monoxide Carbonyl fluoride Carbonyl sulfide Chlorine 3 2 3 3 3 N N N N N Chlorine trifluoride 4 N Cyanogen 4 N Cyanogen chloride 4 Diborane N Copper 3 3 Unknown Nickel Boron Trichloride Boron Trifluoride Highly toxic Toxic 35 ppm (S) Zinc N Good Aluminum 4 Unknown Brass Arsine N N Y Monel Toxic Stainless steel N N N Exposure limits 3 3 4 Warning properties Pyrophoric Properties Allene Ammonia Arsenic Pentafluoride Corrosive Toxic Gas Name NFPA Health Rating Toxic/ Highly Toxic [C = Compatible; NC = Not Compatible; U = Unknown; CG = Ceiling; I= IDLH] Unknown 5 mg/m3 (I) C C U U C U U NC U C C U C N U C U U U N U Poor 3 ppm (I) C C C U U U U Y Y Good 100 ppm (I) Good 3 ppm (Cg) C C C C C C U C U U U U C C Y Y Poor 0.1 ppm PEL Unknown 5 ppm (S) C C C C C C U U U U C C C C N Good 10 ppm (S) C C C C C U C N N N N Y Unknown Unknown None 35 ppm PEL Unknown 5 ppm (S) Good ND Good 1 ppm (S) C C U C C NC C C C C C C U C NC C C U C NC C C U U NC C U U U U C C C C NC Highly toxic Highly toxic Y Poor 0.1 ppm (C) U U U U U U U Y Poor 10 ppm PEL C C U U U U U N Highly toxic N Poor 0.3 ppm (C) U U U U U U U 4 Y Highly toxic N Poor 0.1 ppm PEL C U U C U U U Dichlorosilane Dimethylamine Fluorine 3 3 4 N N N Toxic Y N Y Unknown ND Unknown Unknown Good 25 ppm (I) C C C C U C U NC U U U C U NC U U U U U NC C Germanium Tetrahydride 4 N Highly Toxic N Unknown 0.2 ppm PEL C U C C U U C Hydrogen bromide Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen cyanide 3 3 4 N N N Toxic N Y N Good 30 ppm (I) Good 50 ppm (I) Good 50 ppm (I) C C C C C U NC NC U U U U NC NC U U U U NC NC U Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Toxic Highly toxic Highly toxic Toxic Highly toxic Highly toxic Toxic Toxic Toxic Toxic Highly toxic Toxic Highly toxic Toxic Highly Toxic Phosphine 4 Y Phosphorous Pentafluoride Phosphorous trichloride Phosphorous trifluoride Silicon Tetrahydride Silicon Tetrafluoride Stilbine 3 3 3 2 3 4 N N N Y N N Sulfur Tetrafluoride 4 N Sul;furyl fluoride Tungsten hexafluoride Vinyl chloride 3 3 4 N N N Reviewed and Revised: April, 2016 Poor 100 ppm PEL Unknown ND U U U U U U Copper N N 250 ppm (I) U V Nickel 3 4 Toxic Poor U V Zinc Nitrogen trifluoride Phosgene Toxic Good C U Aluminum N N Toxic N Y N N N N C C Brass 3 4 Toxic 1 ppm (I) Monel Nitric oxide Nitrogen dioxide Toxic 30 ppm (I) Poor Stainless steel N N N N N N Good Exposure limits 3 3 2 3 3 4 Y N Warning properties Hydrogen sulfide Methyl Bromide Methyl chloride Methyl silane Monomethylamine Nickel carbonyl Highly toxic Corrosive Toxic Gas Name Toxic Toxic/ Highly Toxic N N Pyrophoric Properties 3 4 NFPA Health Rating Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen selenide 100 ppm (I) C C C U C C C U C U U U U C C U NC C C NC NC U NC U U U NC U NC U U U U U NC U U C C U NC C C C C C C U C V U U U U C U Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N Y Unknown 100 ppm (I) Good 5 ppm (Cg) Y N Poor 5 ppm (Cg) Poor 2 ppm (I) U C U C U U U U U U U U U NC N Good 50 ppm (I) C C U U U U U Y Y N N N N Unknown ND Unknown 0.5 ppm (S) Unknown ND Unknown ND Poor ND Good 5 ppm (I) C U U C C U C U U C C U U U U C C U U U U C C U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U C C U Highly toxic Y Unknown ND C U C C U U C Toxic N Y N Poor 200 ppm (I) Unknown 3 mg/m3 (S) Poor 5 ppm (Cg) C U C U U U U U U C U U U U U U U U C U NC Highly toxic Toxic Highly toxic Toxic Highly toxic Highly toxic Toxic Toxic Toxic Toxic Toxic Highly toxic Toxic Highly toxic Appendix M Acutely Toxic Chemicals Operational Guideline for Acutely Toxic Chemicals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. All locations within the laboratory where acutely toxic chemicals are handled should be posted with caution signs. This includes all fume hoods and bench tops where the acutely toxic chemicals are handled. Caution signs must be posted on the door. These signs must include a contact number for the Primary Investigator and his/her alternate. Acutely toxic chemicals must be stored in a designated area. Where feasible, acutely toxic chemicals should be manipulated over plastic-backed disposable paper work surfaces. These disposable work surfaces minimize work are contamination and simplifies clean up. Eye protection, in the form of safety goggles, must be worn at all times when handling acutely toxic chemicals. Ordinary (street) prescription glassed does not provide adequate protection. Eye protection must meet the requirements of the Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection (ANSI Z.87.1 1989) and must be equipped with side shields. Where the eyes of any person may be exposed to acutely toxic chemicals, suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes shall be provided within 50 feet for immediate emergency use. Bottle type eyewash stations are not acceptable. A safety or drench shower must be available within 100 feet where acutely toxic chemicals are used. Lab coats, closed toed shoes, long sleeved clothing and appropriated gloves must be worn when handling acutely toxic chemicals. The selection of the proper glove material should be made in accordance with the SDS and the recommendations of the glove manufacturer. Hazard assessment should focus on the proper use and handling procedures and the education of the employees concerning the health risk posed by acutely toxic chemicals prior to the beginning of operations. Manipulation of acutely toxic chemicals shall be carried out in a properly functioning fume hood. Safety shielding is required any time there is a risk of explosion, splash hazard or a highly exothermic reaction. All manipulations of acutely toxic chemicals, which pose this risk, should occur within a fume hood with the sash in the lowest feasible position. All acutely toxic chemicals must be clearly labeled with the correct chemical name and hazard warnings. Chemical formulas and structural formulas are not acceptable. Safety shielding is required any time there is a risk of explosion, splash hazard or a highly exothermic reaction. All manipulations of acutely toxic chemicals, which pose this risk, should occur in a fume hood with the sash in the lowest feasible position. Portable shields, which provide protection to all laboratory occupants, are acceptable. Evacuated glassware can implode and eject flying glass and splatter chemicals. Vacuum work involving acutely toxic chemicals must be conducted in a fume hood, glove box or isolated in an acceptable manner. Hazard assessment should focus on the proper use, handling procedures and the education of the employees concerning the health risk posed by acutely toxic chemicals prior to the beginning of operations. All materials contaminated with acutely toxic chemicals should be disposed of as a hazardous waste. Whenever possible, attempt to design research in a manner that minimizes the quantity of waste generated. 95 List of Acutely Toxic Chemicals Chemical Name CAS Number Chemical Name Acrolein Acrylyl chloride Ally Alcohol Bromine Chlorine dioxide Chlorine trifluoride Cyanogen chloride Decaborane Dieldrin Dimethyl disulfide Dimethyl sulfide Endosulfan Ethylene Chlorohydrin Fluoroacetamide Hexamethylene diisocyanate Iodine Isopropyl formate Methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate Methyl chloroformate Methyl fluoroacetate Methyl hydrazine Methyl vinyl ketone Nicotine Nitrosodimethylamine Nitrogen trioxide Osmium tetroxide Ozone Perchloromethylmercaptan Phosphorus trichloride Sulfur monochloride Sulfur monochloride Sulfuryl chloride Tetramethyl succinonitrile Thionyl chloride Trichloro (chloromethyl) silane 107-02-8 814-68-6 Aldrin 2-Aminopyridine Benzyl chloride Carbon disulfide Chloroaniline Chloropicrin Cyanuric fluoride Dichloro acetylene Diisopropyl Fluorophosphates Dimethyl sulfate Dinitrophenol Epinephrine s Ethylene fluorohydrin Heptachlor Hexamethyl phosphoramide Iron pentacarbonyl Methacryloly chloride Methyl Acrylonitrile Methylenebisphenyl isocyanate Methyl fluorosulfate Methyltrichlorosilane Nickel carbonyl Nitroaniline Nitrogen tetroxide Organo Tin Compounds Oxygen Difluoride Pentaborane Phosphorous oxychloride Sarin Sulfuryl chloride Sulfur Pentafluoride Tellurium hexafluoride Tetranitromethane Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate 7726-95-6 10049-04-4 7790-91-2 506-77-4 30674-80-7 79-22-1 453-29-9 60-34-4 79-84-4 10544-73-7 20816-12-0 10028-15-6 7719-12-2 96 CAS Number 76-06-2 675-14-9 7572-29-4 371-62-0 13463-40-6 920-46-7 126-98-7 421-20-5 75-79-6 13463-39-3 10102-43-9 10544-72-6 783-41-7 19624-22-7 10025-87-3 107-44-8 5714-22-7 7783-80-4 Appendix N The following chemicals are highly toxic, explosive, water reactive or for other reasons very difficult and expensive to dispose of (disposal cost can be more than $1000 per container). (This list is not all-inclusive) Chemical Name Abbreviate name Dioxin and Dioxin-like compounds dibenzo-p-dioxin 1-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,3-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,6-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2,3-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,2,4-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2,3,7-trichlorodiobenzo-p-dioxin CDDs 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,2,3,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,3,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2,3,6,7-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,2,3.7.8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,2,3,4,7-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,2,3,4-TCDD 1,2,3,8-TCDD 1,2,6,8-TCDD 1,3,7,8-TCDD 2,3,6,7-TCDD 2,3,7,8-TCDD 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-OCDD 1,2,3,4,7-PeCDD 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD CDFs 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorodibenzofuran 2,3,4,6,7,8-hexachlorobenzofuran 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-heptachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-octachlorodibenzofuran 2,3,7,8-TCDF 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 1,2,3,6,7,8-HpCDF 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-OCDF Dioxin and dioxin-like by products Chloranil Petachlorophenol Ethylene dichloride 2,4-D PCP EDC 97 2,4-D ester herbicides 2,4,5-T Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Aroclor 1221 Aroclor 1232 Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1248 Aroclor1254 Aroclor 1260 Aroclor 1262 Aroclor 1268 Aroclor 2565 Aroclor 4465 Chlorophen Chlorinated biphenyl Chlorinated diphenyl Chlorinated diphenylene Chlorextol Chlor-1, 1-biphenyl Dykanol Fenclor Kanechlor Kanechlor 300 Kanechlor 400 Kanechlor 500 Montar Nonflamol Phenochlor Pyralene Santotherm Explosive materials Picric acid (<10% water) Picryl sulfonic acid (<20% water) Cyanogen bromide (aged) Osmium tetroxide solution (dried) 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (<30% water) Gas Cylinders (large and small) Aerosol cans Unknown materials Controlled substances and expired drugs 98 Appendix O Laboratory Relocation Guidelines This policy has been developed as a guideline to help minimize hazards to University of South Alabama personnel and students and to maintain compliance with all regulations during lab relocations. General Guidelines o o o o o o o Moving Policy: Don’t wait till the last minute. Begin planning and identifying possible problems as soon as the relocation has been confirmed. Contact the Safety & Environmental Compliance Department (SEC) [6-7070] for help and information as soon as you know that you are moving. With sufficient notification, the SEC department can be available to help move chemicals between buildings. The University movers are not permitted to move any hazardous materials. The primary investigator and his/her staff are responsible for moves within the same building or complex. Moving Hours: Package and move hazardous materials only during normal working hours (Monday-Friday 8-4:30). Help should be available if there is a spill or an accident. Work in pairs and never transport hazardous materials by yourself. Personal Protective Equipment: All laboratory personnel must wear safety glasses/goggles; closed-toe shoes lab coats and appropriate gloves while handling chemicals. (*NOTE: There is an extra danger in sloshing and breakage during the move of hazardous materials.) Transportation Routes: Never move open or structurally unsound containers of hazardous materials. Do not leave hazardous materials in the hallway or other items in the hallway during moving. This violates the fire code. Use freight elevators when available. Use caution when entering or exiting any elevator. Transportation Equipment and Vehicle: Obtain structurally sound moving boxes or plastic bins and a sturdy wheeled cart, hand-truck or dolly. Mark the outside of the boxes with an inventory of the contents and its hazard class and pack only compatible materials in each box, You may NOT transport hazardous materials in your private vehicle. In many cases this activity will permit private insurance companies to cancel your policy and the US Department of Transportation has very specific regulations regarding the transportation of hazardous materials. Spill/Accident Response: Ensure that you have access to adequate and proper materials for clean-up of a spill/accident at all times during a move. Have containers for broken glass ready and available before you begin a move. Moving Safety: Use an approved stepladder to bring high objects down from upper shelves. Never use a chair, desk or other pieces of furniture as a ladder. Ask for help to hand down objects. If something is too heavy to move alone, get help or reduce the quantity to be lifted. Moving Hazardous Materials Within a Building o o o Inventory all chemicals that you want to relocate from your current lab to the new facilities. This is a good time to identify and dispose of old and unneeded chemicals. Check with members of your department and other investigators that may need your unwanted chemicals. Do not move waste materials. Call the SEC department for pick-up and disposal. Replace any damaged or illegible labels before moving. All containers must be labeled with the full chemical name. No laboratory abbreviations, trade names or formulas may be used. Unknowns are a very expensive disposal problem and the generating department will be held financially responsible for all identification costs. Check containers and lids for cracks and other damage. Replace any faulty caps. Transport hazardous materials in structurally sound moving boxes or plastic bins—packing according to the hazardous classes specified below. Use sufficient packing materials to prevent breakage. Do not pack boxes too heavy--a maximum of 25 pounds total weight per box. Open or structurally unsound containers cannot be transported. Label the outside of each box with the following: • Principle investigators name and contact phone number • The new laboratory number where the chemicals are to be taken • Hazard class of chemicals located in the box • Attached inventory list of each chemical placed in the box along with quantity and container size (i.e., Acetone 1 gallon). o Segregate chemicals into the following hazardous classes: • Oxidizers • Flammable liquids • Inorganic acids 99 • • • • • o o o o Special packaging precautions must be exercised in transporting noxious smelling chemicals (i.e. Mercaptans, etc.). Containers with this type of material should be in sealed and double contained to prevent spreading odors throughout corridors and elevators during transportation. If the outside of a chemical container is contaminated with odoriferous residues, wiping down with bleach will often eliminate the problem. Special packaging precautions must be exercised in transporting highly toxic chemicals. If there is any evidence of residue on the outside of a container, consideration should be made on whether the material is kept or to be sent out as hazardous waste. If the material is to be kept for use in the new laboratory, the container should be wiped down. The materials used to wipe the container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. Refrigerators must be completely empty and dry prior to moving them; otherwise transportation will result in a trail of possible contamination leaking from the refrigerator. Ten percent (10%) bleach can be used to help deodorize and decontaminate the surfaces of the refrigerator. Wear gloves while applying bleach solution. If possible, have the vendor relocate all compressed gas cylinder to the new laboratory. However if you must move the cylinders yourself, follow the following guidelines: • • • • • • • • • o o Organic acids Inorganic bases Flammable solids Miscellaneous organic compounds Miscellaneous inorganic compounds Never move a cylinder with a regulator in place Make sure the valve cap is securely in place before moving any cylinders Secure label with packaging tape to prevent it from falling off Never move a cylinder by rolling it across the floor. Specialized carts are available for moving cylinders. Never drop cylinder or bang it against another cylinder or object Report all suspected leaks immediately—if the material in the tank is highly toxic, evacuate the area immediately and notify the University Police (511). Small leaking cylinder should be placed in a fume hood, if possible, until the vendor can remove it for disposal. Never leave a cylinder un-strapped on the moving dolly or in the laboratory When the chemicals arrive at the new location, lab personnel will need to check contents for breakage or damage. Chemicals will need to be removed from boxes and placed in their designated locations within the laboratory. As an added safety precaution, toxic chemicals should be unpacked within the confines of a working fume hood. Laboratory personnel must be present, in both the old lab and in the new lab, during the entire time that hazardous materials are being moved. Revisit your previous lab space after “everything” has been moved to the new facilities. Re-check all drawers, cabinets and remaining equipment for anything that has been left. o Has all remaining equipment been re-assigned or correctly identified (and paperwork submitted) for removal by the Property Department? o Has the equipment been decontaminated or have arrangements been made to have the SEC Department decontaminate the equipment, prior to pick-up by Property? o Have all hazardous chemicals, biological and radioactive materials been removed to the new facilities? o Has all biological, chemical and radioactive waste materials been properly identified and removed? o Have all unknowns been identified? 100 LABORATORY CERTIFICATION FORM 1. Principal Investigator: ___________________________ Date: _________________ 2. Dean/Dept. Chair: ______________________________ Date: _________________ 3. Department(s): _________________________________ 4. Laboratory Location: Room _______________________ Building _______________ 5. Material(s) or Hazard Group (Attach list if necessary) __________________________ 6. Maximum quantity on hand ________________________________________________ a.) < liter or 100 gm. 1 liter/100 gm. to 5 liters/1kg, 5 liters/kg to 20 liters/5kg, > 20 liters/5kg b.) Concentration used: Dilute (<5%) Intermediate (5-25%) Concentrated (>25%) 7. Circle the hazards that apply: a. Flammable b. Corrosive c. Reactive d. Acute Toxicity e. Chronic Toxicity f. Carcinogenic g. Teratogenic h. Biological i. Radioactive 8. Chemical/Biological/Radioactive Information and Training a. Is safety information for these materials available? YES NO b. Has training in the safe use of these materials been provided to all potential users? Yes NO 9. What control measures are necessary to use the material(s) safely: ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 10. If Engineering Controls are utilized for the following: a. Fume hood-model type and certification numbers __________________________ b. Biosafety Cabinet - model type and certification numbers ____________________ 11. Personal Protective Equipment Needs: ____________________________________ (Example-Nitrile gloves,etc) 12. Emergency Response Equipment available: a. Safety Shower b. Eyewash Station c. Spill kits d. Fire Extinguishers 13. Environmental Sampling Requirements? If so what types and frequencies required? ________________________________________________________________________ 101 14. Is medical monitoring required? Is so what employees and for what materials? _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 15. Where and with what equipment are the material(s) to be stored? Room ______________________________________________ 16. If refrigerator(s) or freezer(s) are they fire rated or chemical resistant? 17. Method of disposal (circle one): autoclave, incineration, contractor or SEC waste stream. 18. Identify the person(s) to be working in each laboratory and title: _________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 19. Have all the necessary Safety Data Sheets been compiled and made available to staff? __________ Location easily assessable? ________ 20. Worker exposure to hazardous chemicals, biological and radioactive materials required risk assessment before the work begins. Indicate who and how the employee health issues will be assessed: ______________________________________________________________________________________ 21. Identify the department(s) under whose control this work will be done: ___________________________________________________________________________________ 22. Unusual or special precautions to be used; define per hazard: a. Storage requirement b. Shock sensitive c. Security issues d. Spill containment As principal Investigator and/or Laboratory Director, I have primary responsibility for compliance with University Biological, Chemical and Radiation Safety policy and procedure compliance as they apply to laboratory(s) and personnel within my authority. All information provided on the Laboratory Certification form is complete and accurate to the best of my knowledge. I understand that one of the following: Safety and Environmental Compliance, Institutional Biosafety Committee or the Radiation Safety Committee may and will inspect the laboratory(s) at least annually for compliance. Any deficiencies noted during inspections must be corrected within the time frame given or closure of the laboratory will occur. Signed: _______________________________________ Date: ______________________ Approved: _____________________________________ Date: ______________________ Received by Safety and Environmental Compliance: __________________ Laboratory Certification form is complete except for the following deficiencies: 102 Laboratory Certification Policy Each Dean, Department Chair and Administrator is responsible for: • Facilitating compliance with all University Safety and Environmental Compliance policies. • Ensuring that compliance responsibilities are assigned and implemented for all areas and operations of the Department/Laboratory. These responsibilities include training, record keeping, reporting, program evaluations and plan revisions. • Reviewing and approving Laboratory Certifications within their scope of authority. Principal Investigators and Laboratory Directors have primary responsibility for maintaining Laboratory Certifications and compliance with University Biological, Chemical and Radiation Safety Plans as they apply in his or her laboratory. These responsibilities include ensuring that: • • • • • • • • • Laboratory Certification Forms are completed and approved prior to operation. Ensuring the appointment of a Laboratory Safety Officer or point of contact. Laboratory personnel have adequate knowledge and information to recognize and control biological, chemical and radiation hazards in the laboratory. Hazardous operations are defined, safe practices and protective equipment are designated and provided. Safe work practices, personal protective equipment and engineering equipment are used to reduce the potential for exposure to hazards. Laboratory personnel are informed of the potential hazards of the materials they use and are trained in safe laboratory practices, controls and emergency procedures. All waste is properly segregated, labeled, collected and managed properly. Action is taken to correct work practices and conditions that may result in the release of hazardous materials. Laboratory operations are supervised to ensure that the University’s Safety and Environmental Compliance programs are being followed. • Compliance with the programs is maintained and documented. The Laboratory Safety Officer/POC, (e.g. Lab Supervisor, Safety Coordinator) is critical to the effective implementation of any Safety and Environmental Compliance programs. The Laboratory Safety Officer, working with the principal investigator is responsible for the adaptation and implementation of the various plans in his or her laboratory, thus maintaining a safe work environment and ensuring compliance with Laboratory Certification requirements. The duties of the LSO/POC include ensuring that: • Appropriate training is provided to new and current workers and is properly documented. • Workers know and follow established safe work procedures and emergency procedures. • Safety equipment and engineering controls are utilized. • Appropriate personal protective equipment is utilized. • Laboratory practices, safety and control equipment inspections are routinely conducted and properly documented. • Copies of the Safety and Environmental Compliance Plan(s) and SDS’s are available to laboratory workers. • Procedures developed for new or particularly hazardous materials and/or operations are coordinated with input from the Laboratory Safety Officer and the Department of Safety and Environmental Compliance. • Accidents and other potential exposure conditions are reported to the Risk Management and Safety and Environmental Compliance Departments for further investigation, exposure monitoring or input regarding appropriate corrective action. • Recommended actions are taken to correct any unsafe condition. 103 The designated Laboratory Safety Officer, POC for each laboratory is identified on the Laboratory Certificate form and posted within each laboratory. Laboratory Workers are responsible for • • • • • Participating in laboratory safety training sessions. Knowing the hazards of the materials they are working around or with, and safe storage, handling and disposal procedures. Planning and conducting each operation or experiment in accordance with established chemical, biological and/or radiation safety procedures. Using appropriate safe work practices, personal protective equipment and engineering controls at all times. Reporting unsafe conditions to their supervisor or Laboratory Safety Officer/POC. The laboratory workers and principal investigators share responsibilities for safety in their laboratory, as well as informing visitors entering their laboratory of the potential hazards and safety precautions to be taken. Safety and Environmental Compliance Department (SEC) The primary responsibility of the Safety and Environmental Compliance department is to provide technical support and guidance to laboratory personnel for the development and management of safety and environmental compliance programs. SEC is responsible for reviewing and updating the University’s safety and environmental plans on an annual basis and distributing any required changes to appropriate University personnel. The SEC Department offers the following services relating to laboratory safety: • • • • • • Laboratory Certifications and Annual Inspections Environmental Monitoring Development and evaluation of safety procedures Fume hood evaluation and certification Training and information Hazardous Materials transport, storage and disposal 104
