TTO SSJMIEST IT P.OTT:
, MArJTC.LAFTERF
ard
AiTLOGTTES
7ROA.TTTIC
OF IE
DEATH O' LOVE
.xT
PA. 'ICf
C C'?C
Slbmittedin Prtial ulfillment
t
of the eouinrementsfor the
Degree
of Bachelor of Science
at the
ETTS
AlSACTT.
.. ~_$...:.C
~
~
O?
TCTC-T0OLOGY
'
OTIFTT.
T
..ETT$
0'
.....
T
.Tune,
1967
Signature of Author .
19, 1967
Huanities . .
eprtmento
o Hurnanities, M.,nv
!
19, 1967
Department
Certifiedby
.*
~
Accepted by ...
.
1'
. . ..
7
.
- vs...
4/,fesis upervisor
v
··. · ·
--
C- irmarS Departmental Comrit:ee on
Theses
,JAN 3
1995
A BTS rFAC T
P-rt I -- Theimage of the magiclantern in A la recherche
du temns erdu is explored: its stylistic
use
to relate different incidents. and its
symbolic significance
in introducing
maior
themh .
Part TI- !he tra.sition
from te
ideas of ro?-antic passion
to,:those of Proustian love are explored through
. study of Marcel's f.lling o.t of love with
Gilberte
Swann.
Tor ost neorle. chilrthood is
d'mlv recol lected ctJvities
rostaI ic era of
nrdipe-fectl'
perceived
imnressions. For this reasor. it is difficult for ay
imnortance to be assi.ned to this time; even in iogrpnhv.
Tr the early
olumes of A la recherche d
te-s
-perdu.,
Proust the uthor desined his nostalgi: he used
of childhood sc'l. as toys .nd
ircidents
es to tie together
which e w-shed. delicetelTr related:
nrespnt:c. te chil.dhood of p'r`rcel
duce n.d illustrte
t,e
! rest
foremost
ts
ex:m-,rmle o
im .es
t
he crefully
narrntor
to irtro-
theres of is art.
The
.de7vice is t:-:e
1mgic lantern:
On a bier,: :nverten nour me distraire
les snirs
ol me trou.-1:it
'2irtrop alheureux.
de e
don.er unle lrterr.
e rm-n-icmedot . . . on
coiffait mr. lamTne- t.t- 1'instar e nremires
rei-i.tlctes
et mattres verriers de 1'1t"e
got: irue, e.e
substiuait
a 1 'onacitg des m,,trs
d'im7a lablesirisatiors,
de sern-
turelles
pn.sritions -ulttlcolores o des leendes
etaient denientes col'e d.rs l
vitrail vc-
illant et
?!e lm.tf+,er.n
i.S
does te
lPtent
omentane.
(Sw.n-r.
12)
swrbol of cort rl.a! change. for not o.,!yr
change tlnewells to church w..ndows but
toh ve-rY scenes on the wi rdows nre i.n flux.
Tne chn,e
first
The
inressiors
seeminly
aubourq
remins
of onarl.e wl
:into wrnd.ow
of t'-e narrator.
inenetr!ble
Sn
.int-Gr.r'in
an observer.
barri.rs
refiU'ures the
".-rcel.,bout
society.
etween him and t-e
re ne~r-rlg:-call r re,-oved
seeing
I\
tei
but he
as if t'-rough a window:
the in-hbit-nts r "sunern..ture1les -ppritinrs"' - above
the observer (or, crsider-n
tt
it is "T7itril" ,
above t e mortal. worshipper).
Consider:
for exanmple,
ivitation
Yarcel's musings unon receivirg 'lis first
d i.new.t
t e duchesse
.De
to
de Guerrn.ntes:
srte
pendant
ue,
silence de 1,soliturle
. orel
ue drs le
ce!i
d'une belle nuit, nous rous iagilors
les diffrentes reinas de la societa
noursuivant leiurroute dans le ciel a ue
d-stance
infni
The dr,,ri.-P-roon
of
r n. remote
the G
tes is t-
the piettires nortrved
ts
Prtrse
oi et
fi>-.it e reel
lui
J.n t.'-t
it re'-q'ns
on
377)
]oft7
Ts
'!m
the
curch
wnlows:
avaIt la hb.rri
ere ou
(II--.
Th.e 'a.ubourp! 2. -t-Ger
rolo?
(IT-n.
...
-
te
-
is
1 .r
t.'e
75)
f i-ur
FaPibourg S int-Gerr-,
on
.?lt'houlh.
its bsic comnorets. i.e. its -rernmbersV
ch.='e as drasti&cdlly as those of Golo:
C-olo,,Li continvl.it
s'
nlis.desce-d.ant
d-s
leur- f-tes.
rif9-,rl7A dr6 lIn ftrt-,P.
corns
d.e Golo
l1li-i.".e
nvaJ-cr sur es
Se borbart, de lelurs
dne
Le
esse-rce .-issi
sine-. tl.r-lel.e . cel.i. d s.- ot?,r.
s't"rn-cit
e tolnt ot-ncle
'deri,
de
tolt oh.t
.r.'o
nt oU'il recortr.it e le
,c'^rp
,
A
-n-np
inter
slr
elr,
ossntivr'
fut-ce
1sreP1 s ofn 9 t
.i.rci.-l!e
e
et
Pn
se le -eied t
outolraie 1 norte
s t Pt,
t Slrn
ePg
i
s robproii-e o0. -.
'ir1ilre D1.
" '
tolqlours Pil.SSiet o1" ;ri.irncholq]e!e
rniS
nrJ n ni- ai- sat oaraire
UC tr..- ble de
de
cet; ..- e,'.hrot
on. (3wann-n.
1.3)
Theseecln.re.s i
_rt;r.
r ilrv
t.,>
oo
e.-fectet hr.lov
':±r;t
o- Prols'.'
n te
.
ic
oop v- Ss
nr'esev)
'-st'-l.e ?,eonle of t'-e T: ,
I2d then
' :-r
rLoti.
t--e
of
:',is
surfit'ces!-d
over
' Iei
erso- it
n Ssivt
s
of
t-
i
iver
Situl
tions)i- rvesled
(.s sown i. :ilifferent
Tns,e
. frst
Cou.bol.
one srect
~
his
)eretr:tes
o-%'
Golo 's exnre:.i
iduiriia
l
as Prouist
denth1s.
n is sa-ed
by.
c ar acters wo -o throu, l ch rie.- ,T-1 'out reco7-_izLn'
the-seles
s cla rs es:
iL:hes-me ser-ici.
l
-s lor
as tiezr are
it-?
th .e, ssume
*tTributes.
i
th, t
o one
will notice violent ?.d. ln.
c
eei`rln
,-ilp1in. .An
ex--nl! o:- t:-:s is Robe-+t de .int-o
wo nini
.
'
di scoered
sc-.rd
fdtepd
'
t.r
n' s
his oosexal
te-'de -
.des, -i.e. tle "cblon!.."of wonr":i..Isii-{over the "oorkcob"
of
ose 1
itv.
,
1o
i','e'ar-i.lc
lantern
is
recalle
in tIhe scene
cburc>- 1t Combrs There. for the first
tThe descendent
rGuer-antes.
"de superelturelles
d.r s un vitrsil"
..nrtue:r
fwall
h- ad c;b!ed
.puritionss
ou d'
thie duchesse de
to a pageant
t-he
-multicol.ores .
(warnn-o . 12):
,
ofr imai ning t'-e dchesse
tenisserie
time? Mnrcel sees
of rgeneveve de -rnbant.
ie
in the
arcel
.
cormme
d ~de t"e
t .is-,.e
"avec les couleurs d'3lne
r vitral
.
.
. d 'uee
Putre ?naniereo'ue
le reste des reoers Vinrlts." (3w.n . 2
.iLso re-,nLn..sce. t o- t ie l
ainv riti on o
.
.ntenro;ectiol
s the
the duche- se:e
.OOrs
~
CTISeoS
-
'.
. z'ce
L ce
is
-
ml
I ~O?
os r
S>~U
oas devart
imnesimple pro ection
les yeux
(Sw nn-p. 210)
luirreuse
7ere is :-so a subtle color ide
Oriare
de Guerrnrtes
Jificattio
of- Genevieve de
?'d tl-e tableau
stads
GereviCve wesrs a blue girdle.
Brabant.
before
flowing
Golo i n
enaced by
nd is
a vellow castle
n between
red cloak:
Genevieve; ui
ortait une ceinture
bleue. Le chteau et la lande etait
jaunes.
. .
(about Golo). .. surnageait invincible-
(Swar.n-p. 13)
ment sa robe rouge
Te duchesse is "une dame blonde avec. . . des yev:x bleus
.
..
la surface de son visage rolge"
(Swann-n. 2(9).
Fer glance is "bleu crnme un rayor de soliel cui
urait
(wann-p. ;13).
traverse le vitrail de Gilbert le MlAuvi.st"
te
Guer-ntes.
the:'!oor
o which is described -as
c-me des alveoles
et distendues
.
of t e duchesse:
ervenche
con e ue
eux bleuissant
. le soliel . . donnait un car tion
de eraniur aux tanis rou-e ru'or. V ava.t
ete-dus
ar terre
our 1l slenite
sur lesnuels svpnr9ait
et aoutat
associtior
leur laina:e un veloute rose,
'
.
zyellow blue
~d ph tasmaroric9-1
thle '.istorical
Guermntes
of' t:e
(9wann-.
13)
nd red br:i.gs ot
aspect
very ioortarnt
,, factor
, iv
i. love wit- her.
et
MIme. de Guerrantes,
un ep:.-dermede lurniere.
Te
orees
de miel"(Swann-,. 2C09).
Pa:rticularly strJi'inc is te last sht
Ses
to
reserved
And she views the ceremony from a caiel
rcel'
of Mi.ne. de
fll1ir'
'he ole o lih.t
is to be noted in both events.
At CombrayT
t e sn anoears wit r7s mndeblue, then red.
transmutes the light of
.Lqemagic lantern similarly
.,arcel's
tableau.
lamn Into the colors of the Genevieve-Golo
Ligh't is resoonsible or a si-,ilar transfor-
mation t Doncieres:
Dans u petit magasin de bric-a-brac.
hou:ie a. demi consu,;,ee. en projetart
une
sq
leuer rouge sur une ravure, le transfor-art
ern sangu:ine
-ende.;-,
ue, luttant
contre
l'ombre. la clarte de la grosse lampe
basna:- t un orceau de cuir. neill.ait un
poignqrd de naillettes etincelantis
sur
onue de auvaises
des tblenus
o.main'etaiert
conies deosait une dorure .precieuse com.me
-ot;re
la patine du passeou le ver-"is d'irn
et fai sit enfin de ce taudis ou il n'y
avp.t cluedu toc et des croutes u- iestiriable Re-br ndt.
I{ere
it
(II-.
is a cq.n.dle whlichL projects
7)
a str .ngely
red
light
an ergraving to chanze its hue, similar to t'-esun-
upon
lightat Combrovwhichl changes te red croet
anium
to a ger-
and enrichio;.zglow i>. both cases,
hue. a dem-i-pening
for the poor cooies seem t acouire the patina of a
masteriDlece, i ust as t'.e wool crTet
At Doncieres, light spread a film
tioe
lustre o velvet.
of
at Combr-yacquires
old which chaanged te
shop ilto
Combrpy the changes wrrought by te
a Re-fbra"dt ard at
li'it
coniure
up a
oainting y Crpoccio.
-l'e refere.-,ce to ':-e sasters
how the nmaic lantern conjured un
of the past.recals
thrle worr of the T:al-.
tres verr..ers".
,
-
_e situation
analogous to tht
t Doncieres m'y be viewed as slightly
of t-e :a-ic lantern tableau.
Marcel
urvose o Pa' ring contact w th
or te
is at Doncieres :--
t.e duchesse de GuerrLrtes? but, like the
olo of th'e
:-agic lantern* whc.iadvancesperpetually but never reaches
Genevieve, Marcel will never reach Oriane (while he is
still
in love w.tfi er).
Thro.ghout te
three scenes, the color red, il a
state of flux,? redomi.nates: w-th the lantern,
the red
to anything over which
cloak of Golo which dapts itself
it floats; at Combra7?the red carnet, wich seemingly
changes t vplvet: the red glowof the candle which
transforms t',e shon. '-te first case concerned a. Guermrartes
tlhe second case - te
ancestor?
duchesse de Guerrlantes,
visitinR
..
and t ~e t- ird was encountered tr-;ue. Marcel's
one Guerima.ntes(aint-Loun)
ro ther.
It crot
fr
the urpose of reqching
be cincidence
tha t the color of the
Guerrantes -.
rorogrri- is red. n.s revealed at te
fu.eral
of Sa!r
,t-Loun:
, son enterrementd.--s-l'e lise S-intde Combray toute tendue de tentures
noires ou se dtachlit e" r ,tge . .. le
Hilafre
G du Guerm-qntes. ..
'ihe magic
In this
(IiI-Q.
81)
lant-rn projected its figures not only
Pnalogy?
it must be Golo of the lanm, not te
Golo, wlo did reac'Genevieve's husband with
his scurrilous
cCa:rges of Genevieve's
dultery.
:historical
j L.
on te
walis of the
room, but uDon Marcel's mind.
1 he
'
and Golo were te Zfirst
figuresof Genevlee, t-,ecastlie
insoiration of t-e Guermante- mysti.ue with which Marcel
invests te inhabitants of t'e FaubourgSaint-Germ'in
Mme. de Guernmntes.
and, in.particular,
rays of terl--magiclantern
It is te
that;:shine down upon
duchesse at Combravy invest:!
nq her with te
almost mvtholozicl
presence o
t:-e
historical,
her ancestor GerevJ.eve
de TRrabant. Marcel cannot at first accord to te
duchesse tat
colored
vereration which e holds
real
or his idepl:
·. . sir cette image tolite recente, inchangeable. 'essayais
d'apolnquer l'idee: "C'est
t1 . sa..s
Mme. de Guerm,,rtes
inrvenir ou'a
la
f' re m.aroeuvre er fce de l'i-m gee comrle
deux disius
It
seoa res par un intervalle.
(Sw nn-.. 210-21!)
t
is od.r t-ro"
o1 (
no,'
Vr!
..
", l n0
ari 111e
'
'a!.t
.vi t. 1
. .c
i..
._'lhP.t
T.e
P.
bl?7 co~me"'^
t+ o,JT
1Q
'n~o ....
.n et S~:r
r-vor de Sole; 1 r l.-r.
;
-Io
''
. .
-
-
( 7W-n -n.X
(or 1.1
r -tal-~"
'-e tT
i"--rli·
` )1.r'1
r.o-ecticn
7,et ov,7D thiq lj.n) t,'qt ~oi-ce
irt~a
tiffica.tin of h'>is dreamn wit,
i.s Si'm. r to t
T)C!.'es
wh7.C t
-rn.C .sTOn i.to
-'
-ste.rn
'7 )
eee.
C'
o t
e-'1itv
-ic
-e"
'-p!ce
Te
realitv,.
t of thr red. rrs
s'?Sor~..s t;lh-
of te
21 ))
rnrnce,s,
candle at
of-2
di ,vr
hTi-
'l.-e SS m
duchesse
t
tionr wich
o
Sfr-'t--
.nd the
de r.p-1ntes
o
Onrosi te .eeCt
'r1 ·
'-he
so ehances
Tnt.'e
O.o..hrv.
t
.
-or.er cses. the ladter' r~ys ,d4ist1 raaltr
to a state
appealing -nId 'f-iliar
to MIrcel. biu- t e iitial
of t-e -lntrr.n. its.lf
was to destroy the sield..
. . . rien orlele changemet
et
T-rcCa
(Swann-o.
and .hadassimilpted
the ealitv of t- room-to thics idea.
ve. to
arts
c''" ne
q
for
lantern
The -ic
room!which M-rcel h?d
of te
rndsecure,
consideredto be stlp
12)
t'he id of "l'habitu de"l a
i.D,withr
certain idea of his surrourdings
nroectionq
e
deverue sun-i-ot-
able.
1 -i].t
d 'clair
samf le suopice
uoi.
de coucher: elle metait
Marcel h-d
cor-
lT habitllde ".ie i'avJis de ma
detruisant
chaTbre
ef feot
Marcel and realt-':
between
Itll'hbitude".
structe b
as t'e
Y-.ov t Dorcieres
t-he possi:hilits
of
ex,'ple:
1e b'outo
nui.df'ferait
d
l
outors
."'tres
le r.n.e-,t
Sn pr t .
ant,de
nor-te de -, c?,Tbhrre,
nour moi de tous les
d
norte
'en etit
mond e.
.
rideri-'
..
i.'cor--
itG
.^ qSe7r -Pt
n
corps astral
Tr contrdistinction
d
a Golo
lrt-,--
(Swarn-p.
12)
to the con.,erti.on9?I function of
ill,2 -on- as rotectiy. fro realitiv, here illus: ir causes
t'qh yourg M;arcel to be corfronted
ex'istential
o-.
Jn ,ThCh
bv the natr
flux.
. cer
wi.t rel.tr
in
"i',isis rot
in
n, S'o,?
h17-
te oro! ca.;" e. i.e.
ob ect is gra-.dually altereS
of t.ime. bult
ch,n5e i
the
~ot.e
'es~et-o!
-?r
?eift1'-be
ob-ect,
outsde
o
,e-;' .tv
nf>?r
n.?~jnscf
Cn4>,C
^snfen~
-e
.Ycn.
.
e '-jct
_..t n '~
o.
Gt'le)LiI
r FS
?i1
d-f-i
reotl orerr
?nolt~t70f'e~ffi~fon
e'e
".leiJosronoic
...T.
_i..
OCCur'_
n
S
tcre
iti'
it
-
of rel time.
e'-` Peo of
c rl'.-
wi7g.cb i
!-c
,
of surroundings
aw:T.-r:.
f n-,T
f.F.-r
: tot~!_
souve77 ,tn b1re7e incertituld.e de lieu
onu e -e trouvv,.is e distirua.
.
t p.s
des a.ltrs
'lielUxles ues
._ol.s
iso1onS. . . les
(Swanrn-r. 1 )
i-etoscone.
Ie
1-alic
i.ete .r
sr erimrlnospd
door'nlos
.>rrel'.
of
^s sr-'l.I
objects i
Le corns de
zolo
Dor
scenes
tir--,
t lese
r.ie
osit:.ons
ue nous :or tre le
.ves
-'lc
ces
l.es d verses
doentelle eta-t fa'te,
suositions
te
or
drriees
ro-r tI
-noist
which
te-selves
't,:.
ui-Imene.
. .s's'rr-
terie ...
e-, t :e tout ostcie ,-s
e
!Te nre-?t
c'-le os ,:-tiir-et e se
Le
r P- a t i netrz
t
le r.d..t.
(Swe!'~-. 13)
\^ntrler
n frc-nO Ae
se' T to t
ev'
s-e~......s..- o,.rdings o71the ,resent
n'-slcesse
tou.t toulr
1 'tnrscurrite
de ses
s7ucoe
s12
(O !u"
d7e
..
it %!utour de
oi dCons
!les c'-oses. les fn-v75,
.
Pemo
fro- roos.,rSof t' e
the s e sensati.os:
to excitn-
le
-? o-s
on crs,
e ,. e
.
C
de ses
e.7^n
1-,S
!.f
.
t
TIe<1enlltr7-lu!.s-e-s des c--hrr-s
r'
s
-resent-
1 s¢.v
~'~.r-:
r ^. 1ivi:_b'es~
.
rl. e
l--s
U
er
cre-:nt
, n
de nlr'ce selon - -la
for-,e de 1a
r1 ce
'
j
n.
_t' ._PIe- s.p.
tol los
lr i 1_onifL.ent
,1s
(wr
8)
st,
i t avais
IrTs
revu
l'rune,
tartot
tantot 1]'Vutre des c-a-bres
que
i'avais habitees dansma vie, . .
(Swann-p.
The nOsycological sersations
nluns
et
whnic^resu.lt from tese
'ie child Mnrcel feals estr?rged
are sim- lor.
experierces
Ye. tnn ?,t
ie re la recor
eta .s inquiet,
eiy
mLneche-fhre
10)
d'!'
ttel
.?-s.s
s .s
corme dars
ou de"rf]l
PIet"
ov 'e fu e arrive
'our la nreri..e
lois S r descendent de ce~mf e er.
(Swan-~.
12)
is elabor. ted (1 te-:e
scene of Marcel's first
nT.isfeling
H.ere te
te defenses of "l'fhshitudet
"
hve
t at Blbec.
ajIr'
1bt e actual
bee:,destroyed
1
urfa
" : linrilvr
of t ,
ur .shirqs,
les :obj ets, iconl.s ui l'encerclaient,
en 1. forag.nt
s'r
le
ied neeret
ses nercP-otir-s
etre
d 1rne.defirsive
vi~I l.ot-e
Ever vt-: i-z
s-ee-'s '-ostle
(Fleur-r.
252)
i- ts strrrenress,a(
wret
:s Wrorse,indifferent to -arcel:
. . et--t nleire de coses
rue
rendirent le coup d'oeil me'fianrt
!a'ch. e.
ui re
e corn *ss.i ert nT).s.m.e
Je lPur etaiit. sns terir -nc,,n
cornte
nue
e or existece.
ie draes,-'s
7
temougnerent
tr, -t
1 .eur.
.;arce!. i
eive-r
ahefrnlsr-olv.ded
tieir existenc= sce-s bt
i.s losi.
cScls'ed
de
(Fleurs-r.
strirnned of t'e rr]port
l-ir. y
?-n
IheA
wt-
t'>e exterior
b. trl;: n
so fa-:1.l-.ar
gS
', exter so
control
252-253)
ron',r i s
world
t
of is own7-he
envion: -'ert:
t
F'e
q
c ,PIsa.it
;e
et,
-ne dir
o. :-oi.
u noint
l7i.se
nuel,
e
noulrttnt
cette intrTlsio
r7
-vstere -t de le beal.te dans t...ne
chabre rie avit.s
,
f
o r-n'r
remnn
Tir
de
-l..s
'
de no nas
ft+erti.ton elle
faire
r.l'a lui-m.P-e
(ST. n~r-.
1- -ic
lo..ntern
t
nroiections hve
ne
7limn-se of
the flui dity
nr-atureof t r.
-
P.uit-t-e
which
d'eno1]_lelr est-elle
certitude
:is
des choses
by h'.bit
' ind,
u.tour
et non has les
par 1'immobilite de notre
ensee
(Swrn.-p.
in.mobh
i .itVof rind tt
lat BalRbec s- p
i shin5.
his irrobil
8)
2es
e frst
"
r
night
ty is fosteed
cs. e to B-s3lbecwt. i
soMarcel
essentie
imrosee -oar notre
en face d'elles.
Tfis
friqhten.rg
him t , reflect:
cq- sctnt ell].;
aultres,
ive- hm
is n.rt of te
wvCch cuses
].'lmolhillte
13 )
condit-ior.red
ccustomr-d to beirg reinforced by the f--ili
r
in P-ris.
state of thirs
However:in 7Balhecte fursirsgs do 'n1t m.rtch the conditionir,~ w'I.c se -vs
to reinfnrce their str."gereness.
frrn
is sr.o'-ndm.
,
parcel felt alJ.-r.n-ted
r :.
.
.
m- ners
.
e
rests't
..
illers et a s.
nlceen.oyo;t seull.e-.t l';
a.is
xhitltdp.
e i )OllV- S Chrpr
cette
servarte oj.ns sersible de soccrt-ner
de ?-es %Di¢res
7da's l?
nys
rnou;ve1s
(ll-o.
o2)
Witi'o;t t1^s ~id. 7~arce1 loses even his sense of
occunvr-
:r
snace
i
t e w-Trl'- ^
ne 1( -I.le
.
n0oir -'o- d'7
-ns
Tr
rj y
s- t
Ch!2, -re de
s
(7'lleurs-p.
lbhc
/..
252)
a of' location in sce
The se
identitv
is vit.1
to Nr-c,-l's
ad hJis vera existence:
co?*me 1'ig-ora4s
ou ie me trouvais,
ie rp crjp~o
- S m7U
Fn
,'nrper
-. XS
i,',stTrt mri ' et a: iS iavais
sele o" ds
elasi~ mc 1t e
DrermiJrele stimert
-is _ rst
sh.lltior'
to t -s
I'tO t'e co-fotiFflv
de l'existence.
existe-tia1
.J-
uncho^,
dtler-ra
detret
t-cr O' o:other
-e-l
1.pnter,nis
'., e coe oflothsr
t'
.is
~srSn-
t
.to. . dors les b- s de r1,,m5- orue
las malheur de Genevieve de :nrahnt
-ePdriert p.l.rs cFe. . *
(srw-nr-. L4)
' o 'hec. his Gr-~d-ot7er:
,-,
1 1.YnnsJC.o O
s'1olin-t
i.fl
-?lt, se-c:..
t>,!N
~P,".a
de
'~!~r
comnhbre.
.I:'1fl?7lM,
e
t' t
r
t..'..tt1r
1
2tr.L
fror 11d. L'
7o1re
ue r~lC
?r
os n.... 1'
seflil 1'V- 4S erJiie
o CrP t:iOr
.e
ehpi
2~
t,:ee
Pre
wr. e t>
l-
tusrile .-
(¢lel'~-r,.'- 253)
r nnt' s-rF '-rcel T-.ter foiivn
le..TT0"
tc, bhe Pe-ll-v
void
)1usde cnrns
;tet1iS
ae !'~0.r'l',.
t
Fleurs-.
nn^1'"
solitld
P;:1CTrep
'-,
( )
r-fPon!le
.
to bhe t.o
St=fes,
C;
coelr
r.no
-,ussitot des es-vc: s
o
discovered
. -,,.,
nd-coect n
th
eson.nei.-"ve
rh.o
>ow mi)-chhi s oers¢,,'
n.i-.ned
m:
Gro.nd''O th e r:
1
hns i.
de
orff :e's
7VOT-oS1-3
VO1'..S ne
l '-
,e ,
C' .-.i s
'1rr ¢':,- 1]-,:svstti-, · ,i·-e, le '-ouve:et
de otre ircess-nte
nerrjetu,1
lanue]- e. f52nt d, laisser
nols oresente leur v sage
nolls. les or'-,d ds
re!et;e
sur 1' ide
toCLivlrls is
co "c dt.r avec ell.e
dcn-:s
Marcel ' oucr-dhi-self
from the frst
les
sol tour'L?io-.
oue ous fnsos
dteux
mdhere<
fa- t
e7 .
'^
(Ti_-.
OnTce
a.'in..:
i 'l1'hlbitude"lwas spnrirz
OCn'-"oth>erocc'-sio-
tei-dresse.
les irnes
nie
rriVier .iusnu'a
-t te
1 C)
irnm
.
ro- Cheare.
1hotel i r Doncieres
m.ira.culozsllv ,able
to feel at homte
niht'
.Te
reus cette dis-oense d'ef-ort (iue
:'-ois accordent slr-s
!es coses
dont
iuand .ie
notlS a-n70s u 1 iofn usae,
osri ies 'ieds
nour 1.
nrem;-re'fois
sur cs ,nrches. frmcileres veant
d' tre conr
re.
S .
(iT-p. 63)
Te n'e us
car
;
ous d
,sa!1n
vi.stant
pDrs 1le te
- fuZs
uc -o
e
t
S t?
seul.
(T--o.
'he llund.wes de to t-
'7his,
ias su ch i stron .- d
fct
7 v,1idpst t -.t
ar r e s ti itself.
f-'Li
str-Ct'h'
0o''
i-,t-
'~itude
:
old hotel
of
, tw
-
t-
: . -- ws as'oc;_-tecl wit
w'Jic
tt
t'i:. ':C c> "1 n'Tl ttiel
!.r- ditceer
je nt-veiS
th
it sc-med like
i!mpcr-rt
post
t eeredl
e
.s- tve
-<_s of>
tot
2)
'rcel
0-r
o Crltc
ee.'
Po:i. hd
Pr-
fi7eD
ontiC_.e ri; '"bitude
r'u.e
t as corltrnct es encore et
stron'r
n:
o
1 ri
ne pourrl.>- .
rU S f'
hI r
:iunqd elles s raie ntl dever-ues me e s.
( I: -
ri"C
- S
So
-e ou ,9n
e w'
1, -cr
o-., ..: , t' is
lr
,'
':
f i-
.
3)
lL'._io O
S
oous....
it.
st o-,
The nany thinrs which ave testimonv to the
the hlotel.
vers of' tradition of the hotel served to reas':ure
,
arcel
,:-is was something wh.c h ad
that
almrost 1.l troughout
about
s long.
the nast,
xisted
ir this way.r
and would remain urchagaed
Sucl a state w-s precisely what
intense
wisbIed. re
heavy emphnasiscn tihePast
a:-ren.ss of
tihe Prese-rt combine to avoid prolonged
dwel!ling or the .uture.
lies decat',
7½ the
ultimatechange.
"l'ha
ab:tude"can do tc
ffect
i-hat timle oves irrevers
threat.
t
to recaoture
use
dayr before.
M,arcel knows,
is nothing
Jlhere
.
bly forwprdis cont:i^nual
Epch day f;nds a -ew Self
the one of te
the
uture
nd te
Marcel
which
a s replaced
Marcel spent rears try' ng
some ore of these former selves t rough
his menory. but he found tlhat
had blurred
t'--e
exoerience
of t
l'habi'tlde"l
event to such
Pn
extent
t ti-e
-me'morr--ic
ture was dsaroinlntingly two-dimorsional. -e discovered t last te "'involuntaryme-rory',
ti-.
a.n -vent trig-ered by the recretion
of soe sall
of some ast sttate by ar event o-, t'.ae
nr. sent.
rectior
is
d!unlicotion of te
il that
oast
is existJng
tile.
ie
eastevent complete
finute
sensatio,: effectively.
fost
to the
detail
existence
T'ihenerso'r? Mircel becjmes t"-en
in two times smrnultaneously, is
i'-mtuneto deat[ by vrtue
who
er-'orcee
of' his ex::ste-ce outside the
/ IU)
rei1 time of t;? world:
ui alo-rs outeit er noi
or le ouatp t en ce
*
l're
cette inress
nu telle
lvamit de cotrnmunds
u.r,
jour
arcien et ?m'nt5rqrt. dns ce rn'elle
avait d'extr-ternporeli un etre ri1
nlmmra:- s ait
p'
dde
a.!~nd. cr.ne
~
~ue
ces identltes entre le rpsent et le
.Iolr7.
-It s trouver dns ie
nesse.
tilieu
seull
l',s-,erce
dleors'
ouir
put vivre.
oIIu1
de
st-v-di r er
des c oses c
. 871)
(II-n
dua temrns.
-noc-rt;ct wt, (- d te1-efore o t'-re.:t t'ro-m) t-e
Wit!-.
anrdcan
fuLtu.re.this tmster self" sits outside te
b ecome anyv one o
sensatios
i
i.,s of course? Ps f^
u.e'~svsn,'oi, crs of t e cild
-e
its
t --e -iCic 1cSte--.
-But
snd
ex:;eri'-nce o
jim,:mt-lTre
t'-,ir
s
e-abed
can a'te
tical
idea t2
t, -foru1ulate and to arccet'!-i.s
c.:r, be a c.
t: ee
t" ng w-lchl cn1ges
"t w s
's thou:'t
to e bn.sic
d
rent
th-e ,mselvesitrtc enltirel
' sm.c-e-si.v -d diff''rent selves.
te
tt
.
fror
.
.r'dt- e lassti."oi nrressi,:,,
rt
the nro-
movie Ca'mer is to
im l ntern
ic
t'-e
scene was it:1! to VA-rcel's devilo)-nen,
hies fc rs
l
dvr- e o t, e
M'orcel wotc>i.>
c i-lnterr ^s te
;ect.ios
.rcestor
fr~ries
s degre -; n. 1osoni
movie c ere.
t io
sol. s tt. ctio
w-tl-h all teir
re l.ned ur.) lire successiv
included.
.'iJL' i
twhic'
.ast selves
te
.
,rc
fi-nal tleorv
Tis ti orv reflutes
r, ide
.s _, develos
S..''"- e.q. one netrs-;
ibSiC'i.i"l the'9
t - s discovery
th-I
,-;f:.ble;
idenbut re-:L.is
sSrch__::
instant a different
own particular
individual eists.
it
So it
For
somet"ing is rot the nersor wo
s an ai-n.
'ay e seen how a si-rple child's
can have
any
unctions, many interrpt
nnd'sigrifjicincefar more t"n
it i?
1.t every
cormpletew toP
'ir
-d responses.
emotional. oatterr
succeeds i.' achievin '
ccrccived
t at
hlnpiness is iniossible -or t e erson who
this re'son
lantern
I.et Stales rter
of love and
attitudes
t-e h-nds
ions
nosta Egiacould ever gve
of M-'rcel Proust.
fib)
toy, a -magic
PAIRT II
i
Proustian love, in particular
as seen between
Marcel and Albertine, is a new genre, but the phenomenon
of love in the work of Proust has many romantic anteThe affair with Gilberte, as the
cedants and analogues.
earliest in maturity of those in A la recherche de temps
perdu, has the most characteristics of romantic love.
Also, in the break-up of this affair may be discerned the
beginnings of Proust's original developments.
In part-
icular, the part in which Proust portrays the successful
death of romantic passion leads to his discovery of why
such.an end of feeling is possible, i.e. the passion dies
because the lover dies with it, yet the person whose
name the lover bore lives on.
The conventional romantic beginnings go back far.
-Then Marcel
wa.s a child, he was under the impression
that Mlle. Swann (Gilberte) was as far above him as the
lady of a leige lord to a beginning knight.
This was
due first, to his overestimation of the social position
of her family:
Comme je n'avais aucune notion sur la hierarchie sociale, depuis longtemps l'impossice ue nous
bilit6 que mon pere trouvait
avait plug
et
Mlle.
Swann
frequentions Mime.
t6t pour effet, en me faisant imaginer entre
elles et nous de 5randes distances, leur
do-rler a mes yeux du prestige. (I-p. 99)
and second, to the privileged position which she enjoyed
in having as a friend and companion Bergotte, Marcel's
literary idol:
i
1
warnn, speaking
of Bergotte
i
n'y a pas
de semaine dans l'annee ou il ne dne
la
maison. C'est le grand ami de ma fille.
Ils vont ensemble visiter les veilles
villes, les cathedrales, les chateaux.
(I -p. 99)
Marcel's imagination, which near-deified Bergotte:
il cheminait a cote d'elle, inconnu at
glorieux, comme les dieux qui descendait
au milieu des mortels
(I -p.100)
naturally extended to Gilberte, making her infinitely
desireable:
c'etait
tre tout pret a 1 aimer
(I -p.100)
From such circumstances it would be natural to expect
courtly roman~ic love to develop.
But a Proustian per-
spective is introduced even at this early point in the
romance:
,Que
nous croyions qu'un tre participe
a une vie inconnue ou son amour nous
ferait p'engtrer, c'est, de tout ce qu'
exige l'amour pour nattre, ce a quoi
il tient le plus, et qui fait faire bon
march'edu reste.
(I -p.100)
This may seem a radically cynical way for Proustian love
to interpret romantic love as expressed in previous
literature.
Thatmost clinical of French love theorists,
Stendahl, considered
necessary for love the process of
"crystallization" - in which the beloved, who may not be
much in herself, acquires qualities desireable to the
lover, a process of accretion which occurs within his
mind, independent of whether shiein fact possesses
(ii)
sudh
qualities:
I callcarystallization that process of
the mind which discovers fresh perfections in its beloved at every turn of
events.
(Stendahl-On Love, p. 7)
In 14roustian love, it is not the beloved herself who
is developed.
By virtue
of a sort of crystallization
of this unknown life, the beloved becomes desireable;
the beloved is reduced to little more than a medium
for gaining access to this unknomn life.
In direct
opposition to Stendahlian love, in which the beloved's
true self may be concealed by the addition of these
new and perhaps false qualities, Proustian love seeks
to penetrate the beloved, to strep off assumed characteristics and "external selves", as illustrated in
the thoughts of Marcel while watching the sleeping
Albertine:
En feramnt les yeux, en perdant a conscience, Albertine avait dep-ouille,l'un
apres l'autre, ces diffcrents characteres
d'humanite qui m'avaient decu depuis le
jour o
j'avais fait la connaissance.
(III -p. 70)
The eventual aim of Proustian love is such complete
access to the "vie
nconnue" that it no longer possesses
the mystery which had been the cause of love:
L'.:imageque je cherchais,
ou je me re-
posait, contre laquelle j'aurais voulu
mourir, ce n'etait plus l'Albertine
ayant une vie inconnue, c etait une
Albertine aussi connue de moi qu'il
6tait possible (et c'est pour cela que
{i' )
cet amour ne pouvait etre durable a
moins de rester malheureux, car par
definition il ne contentait pas le
besoin de mystere), ctetait une
Albertine ne refl'etantpas un monde
lointain, mais ne desirant rien d'autre
... qu etre avec -aoi,toute pareille a
moi, une Albertine image de ce qui pr'e-
cisement 'etait mien et non de l'inconnu.
(III -p. 74)
This idea may seem overly egotistical in that Marcel
seems now to wish to love a sort of carbon copy of
himself, but this is not that strange in romantic love
either.
The romantic lover who has "crystallized" his
beloved is largely captivated by attributes of his own
invention, and perhaps retains just as little of the
reality of the person loved.
A real insight into the dilemma of the Proustian
lover may be obtained through a study of the process of
'falling out of love'.
The young Marcel first goes
through this experience at the end of his "affair"'with
Gilberte Swann.
No matter what the original motivation,
crystallization-by-association did occur
nd their
relationship was apparently one of mutual romantic love,
in the courtly tradition.
Except for the sensual contact
of the wrestling scene in the Champs-Elysees, Marcel
conducted himself according to the chivalric code of
donnai. ("Of domnai he knows truly nothing who wants fully
to possess his lady" - quote in DeRougemont's Love in the
Western World, p. 34)
In the manner of romantic love,
.{arcelhad to struggle, during most of the affair, against
real obstacles of society, the disapproval of his parents
of the Swanns and at first, Swann's mistrust of him.
Thanks to this,love flourished:
Unless the course of love be hindered
there is no'romance'. (De Rougemont,Love in the
Western World,p. 52)
The romantic lover cannot exist in the situation of a
satisfied, static love.
The words of De Rougemont:
Hence, whether our desire is for the
most self-conscious or simply for the
most intense love, secretly we desire
obstruction. And this obstruction we
are ready if needs be to invent or
imagine.
(Ibid.,p.52)
are similar to
arcel's statement:
Il ne peut pas y en avoir dans l'amou
puisque ce qu'on a obtenu n'est jamais
qu'un nouveau point de d6part pour
(I - p. 581)
desirer davantage.
Marcel's leaving Gilberte is a sort of self-imposed
obstacle;
he hoped that his absence wuold lead Gilberte
to appreciate him more and that she would write to him
strong affirmations of her love.
When this did not come
about, he actually created an incident to which he referred in his letters and to which he attributed the
barrier which he claimed now existed between himself and
Gilberte:
.(./,;
La raison que je donnais
mes lettres a -ilberte,
la voit,
' et-it
aintenant dans
de mon rfus de
une allusion
a quel.que
nst-ri,:.ux malentendu, a e: ta
--
.nt -c
til,qu'il y aur-.t u e.,te
llo eL
et sur leq-e! .'avais
espere
d'abord
Gilber
-.- ~ll.-:Let
i .es
t Iis. e xbplicai
?.53)
ioi
que
l' ;ual
G-ilberte's refusal to ract to
f'ih-,nd her e .e
accep-,tJ
nce of this mythical offense led arce! to be-li ve
iG himse.f:
que a vie
... je vivais avec i'ide
en o. i= , u nous
garderions 1o ouvenir du sentiment qui
avait chan-e
n'tait
plus, commnecertains nerveux,
pour avoir simule une maladie finissent
par rester toujours malades.
(I - p. 633)
It was this impediment, fabricated by Marcei's mind,
which existed at first only on paper and at last in the
minds of both Marcel and Gilberte, that made an end of the
affair.
The actual event of seeing Gilberte
in. what
seemed to be amorous conversation with a young man, to
which Marcel never
makes
reference, was predated by the
invention of this ruse and the importance of this real
"betrayal"
as far less than that of the written and
mental word.
This is an important variation from the
Romantic love affair, where actual difficulties and
physical distances may successfully part lovers, but not
mere words.
Even throughout
isunderstandings between
romantic lovers, love still smoulders, and certainly no
serious thought is entertained of loving another.
Marcel,
however, could glimpse, through the romantic haze, the
future of other loves to come:
je savais non plus seulement que dans tin
certain temps je n'aimerais plus Gilberte,
;4.et:qp-les tentatives qu'elle ferait
alors pour me voir seraient aussi vaines
que celles d'aujourd'hui, non plus parce
-,
1
nue je 1'aimTeis
tron, mais parce m'le
i'.imerais certairement le autre femme
attendre
que je resterais a desirer.
e n'oserais
pendpnt des heuresdot
pas
distraire 'mne arcelle our Gilberte nui
(I-p. 611)
ne me ser.it lus rien.
unromantic attribute will be further
(This startlinly
discussed later.)
Another char.cteristicof Roma.ntic
love
potion.
In the case of Tristan
romnntic
lovers
the love
responsible for their
nd Iseult,
notion ws
illicit
is .the love
?a
assion.
the prototnpe
drug which wFs
Symbolically,
the
T"magic"nature of the love-notion relieved thp lovers of
was contrary
they inculrred
which
the responsiility
to the laws of chivalry
by their love, which
and therefore
in
opposition to society:
The love notion is thus ar alibi for
nassin.
It enables each of the two
unhapnnvylovers to say: 'Yol see: I am
not in the least to blame; you see, it's
more than I car helr.' Yet. thanks to
this deceptive necessity, eerything they
do is directed toward the
tal
fl.lfillment they re ir love with, and they ca.
a.nDroach
this ulfillmentwith a kind of
the
crafty determinaticn and a cunning
more nerring for not being open to moral
judgment.
(Dneou:gemont,
Love in.
the Western World.
in Proust, dri'gs
so -figurein
A cause de la violence
the
de
development of lovr:
es battements
de coeur on me fit
diminuer la cafeine
ce n'etait
eu
ils cesBerent.
Alors e e de'andai si
pas un
elle cu'etait
due cette angoisse -re i'avais 'erouvee
Sroueil!
1r1s avec
nuand ie m'etnis -peu
avait
a~i.s?
si. ce 4rdi.ament
Gilberte...
ue --or.
$t6 a I'origine des souffr?nces
imagination
eu.t
n.. 31)
)
I
/
alors faussement interpretees..., c'etait
ŽA.lafaon du hiltre que, longtemps
apres avoir et; absorbe, continue a lier
Tristan
(I - p. 610)
a Yseult.
Proust, however, could not introduce magic as an outside
agency but, significantly, he used images of sickness;
aually involuntary, sickness is an outside force which
causes suffering and is
hard to resist or cure.
or
example;
je souffrais comme un malade qui a vide
sa fiole de morph ne sans avoir sous la
(I - p. 609)
main une seconde.
and also:
D'ailleurs,
il est a remarquer
que l'image
d'une personne qui nous fait souffrir
tient peu de place dans ces complications
qui aggravent un chagrin d'amour, le
prolongent et 'emp6chent de guerir,
comme dans certaines maladies la cause
est hors de proportions avec la fievre
consecutive et la lenteur a entrer en
(I- p. 627)
convalescence.
DeRougemont contends that the aim of romantic or passionate love is death, "for passion is 'what is suffered' and its limit is death" (Love in the Western w!orld,p.44)
The obstructions, real or deliberate, the trials and
dangers,
are a sort of ordeal
of purification,
at the end
of which is
...a death that means transfiguration
...In dying for love they redeem their
destiny and are avenged for the love(DeRougemont, Love in the
potion.
Western
l<a$,
too, foresaw
World, p. 45)
death as the result
/a 4)
of his love for
Gilberte, but with
very different
cette
type of attitude:
e coutait de moins
rsistance
en moins, narce u'on beau a-mer le poison
nui vous fait du mal. auand on en est prive
par
ueliue necessit
temDs,
Drix
depuis dja
l'bserce
d'emotions et de souffrances.
(T-T.
,-7e saw
wish to
un certpir
on ne eut as ne bas atacher
uelnier,
u recos cilu'onne connaissait
plus,
a
love as a poison; but he d
&
621)
not particularlyv
rolong his agony. He avoide encoulter-ing Gilberte
because
seeing h'ier
would cause a relanse not of love
but of
ain of falling out ofLlove.
Marcel t s "deoth"
was drastically dfferen.t from that of the romantic lover:
C I etait
un long et cruel suicide du m-oi
oui
en oi-:in1e aime t Gilberte. cue je
m'achrnais
avec continuitY, avec la clair-
vova'rce
seuleiernt
non
de
c
coue .e faisea.s
dans le nresent
mais de ce oui en resulterait no7ur l'averir
(I-p.
10-611)
arcel that
T.is destructio? of te
loved Gilberte is
not Pcconlished t;hrou_'.lte dril- of ices of
nor by excesses of pas-ion.
misis:.on to Time.
tb~'twould unite te
irilh oIf t ,eless
belief
reviously,
Marcel was
in a consuming passion
lovers eternally: his love Iad aother
ojFss. one not borind fnrever
nruand or, ime.
porte
but m--relv by Marcel's sub-
As mentioned
unblinded hy the rornntic
love-otion
on sent
as leur
it-c one beloved:
ue cet namour e
orn
our-a dans l'avenir
r- ns tre. auaP t m7ee nu. d ns le Do sse .
nattre. nour lne autre et non our cellectiet
as h e_
A'ctal(lv.
!
eed,
(-s
the~ ws
lov611)
as17vrcPel lat er lear -ed. neither ws h.`s love
bound
felt
f'nr
th-t
to one lover-
is. the 1M!rcei that nreserntly
+o-i
e
w.TS - oi 'o-sl
love for Gilberte
the
1_?7m. fn
w-n l.pt
dlflesse
de Gusr"~antes
His rernr'
.lberti,
1d
re.
lov
s.
1ton nerd
He
ee
t the( ti,
Cr-trodictoire
of
d.c'rs
ne l'proue es s
pas,
con,',t
C.S-t--e s ..
sijnt
-nte t
rsn nce efetiv
nS
pletiel_v
v
!nte
!r;-rC
tis
<;1,
reiz.d
~
¢v9lrotior
e
- nt ne~ro
i
donc
611)
t ht
t'e
fer?m t>e oe
1- t..t
?
r-
dt
7e
(I-p.
!w*? %~,mt InI+,lt of th
C'n
lors
1a. onnais!s7rce er
4te-.itt.
'rt
s~:~ti.'~e,t,
f. .r lbe,.rt re t S .t.h he r c -,,
wFec
speTer
wTho lovedt
i,;
TTr.j ee?
.p
tr nurp
.irl
d re.alized th t 'le felt vO love for ' er
"
-"ro~ Al]erft-,e
*tt
- e M3o.rQ.
-or
.ton rle
) t,,"
cest -lecetoilr
-'~our
on ne le
vore1..
rolll
nhL- losoh'inr-uemert sor nr-ti
v o rl.;
-l'
~1
n sor ~ise,on
.rs
wrlo
t t
qlie e m1 -7-ns nas de
Et e(? m irceqXvt
F?
'oie
nU.
ee
-uIelle fut v.vrter
ne
ri r;S ns111
poas
. . . 1l'est-ce
un
chrqene-ntt aussl nroford.
une 'ort
~toit.
e''o6 ]
du .oi
de ce moi
aussi co rlte
3Uussi totle
suhstittlon
-ouveau.
hue de voir ur v, s3e
suront
d'ie
rrl
1
to '.iti
niS re l i7pltio
.- ,is
ride
b3_arn.c-e rUi a
. c ien ?
e
' re l' s exnerince
?-i~>,ttry
erruure
(TTT-vO.
wi th love. no m-tter
.n
romnt-ie
-
of eitself
on e S'afX]l
how
'-lCc
love. nushed
-mlltt
Ik
him
le
towards
l-cC tv of di fere.t
Fe n^S lnlS,'t+'
/I-
6-2)
dev,'7
-
tlutre.
les
1'ordrede
.m-es Tyr?t nssee et drs
succesor. de temps. euon
11r
ne s'aff].ixe .
u,. m'eme.eole
.
. d etre
tour ~ tolr Les etres contrdictoires,
'rechent.le sensible.
riflee.
iledisinter
ss
le
1le
le delict
l1' n.itieux
q ' on
.st tour a tor ch'aue journe. Et la
raisoqr our laquelle o, ne s'en nfflie
s est la mne, c'est cue le moi clipse
-- 7oment-,netent drs le dernier cas et
aunard
il s' 't
t du car-cte're
oulr toul ours
d-rs le nre-q-ier cs et mruardil s'agit des
n s sio s--n'est
as 1 nour deplorer
l'nutre l'77tre cui est
ce moment-1e
ou dsormnais, tout vos:
(TITI-o. O2)
Th.is
diseCo77erv!ed. it is true: to disechantenr.t
ro-r-n tic
love.
'-t was wrtl- fa- more in the
break-throlh.
its itel..el
'Jse'._es' or sttes
of heirg.
durirg. wlicCh -rcel
rea'i.zed
with
7-l-1u
of
the concept of multile
The tmes in his
fft'qirs
-hims'lf
of' the
s a loper
'nd. lov.r i. t-e utiure -loe qhim
- 1.imnseof te
r.velation o the rature of Bei'g i Tj_-enhereceived
rnst
-t
t-
Gurerrantes'
last
artvy
celves eteirdi
of eacqh n.n wt
from is presrt slf
'nost a-nd -alhed of ;, t. th'e future:
les
ho'res.
..
considerble.
~
a 1. his
behimd him t
occupant une Dplce si
cote
de cel e si rstreirte
nUi ell -st rseT7ve? d.r.s .'esnace. un
Place u contr9±re nrolonzee sns meslre
--puDiS '-tls to)uchent snult;anenmet c^rmse
des eants nl(ns
d-s les a.r..es.
des
noliues s' . istatntes. etrp lesoueliles tant
de ours sont vernus se nlacer--dars le 'lmrs.
(TII-n.
/-,
71
104L8)
the
TRLT,.
Proust, Marcel - Du cte
Editions
n0G'PFY
Livre de Poche,
de chez Swrn.
Gallim.rd,
Q5.
A l'ombre des jeunes filles
A l1 recerche
de la Pleiade
d temps nerdu, Bibiiothecue
vols. II & III, Editions Gelli-prd,
khv vlvia
a trnslation
1954
1896
nd Litera-ture
Marcel Prol.st on Art
1019
en fleur.
1 954.
Livre de Poche, Editions Galimard,
T. Warner of Contre
Dell P2blisbhi'g Co., 1958.
S~int-Beuve
?eclrett. '.-uel - Proust. Grove Press. 1931.
Free. Ger-mire -
rcel
..
Proust
nd Deliveri.nce from Timp,
rA A.D.Truitt from
C.J.
ichards
~b1y(
a trrnslation
>ih te os
erd
D'Arcv. M.C. - The
1960.
au* temrs retrouve,
ind
TJeort of
Trd
Grove
Press, 1958.
Books,
Love, Meridan
De ougemont, Deris - Love in the Westerr World: Pantheon
Books . 1 9L6.
"Reding
'owlie. Wn'llnce -
Doubled.y & Co.-[9~.'
he
Grah'am, 7Victor E. -
of Proust, Anchor
ager
ookrs,
of Proulst Brres
c Tohle,
1966.
Green, 'rederick G. -
he 'ind of Proust. CambhridgeTTriver-
sitv Press 19L9.
.i.ndus. Martr
-
The Proustian
Vision.
Columbi
T7niversity
Press,194.
Mauriac, Francois - Du cote de cez
Proust
L
Table
Rorde.
1 97.
Mn.urois: Andre -
a recherche
de ,nrce!
Proust,
T-chette;
1949.
Miller,
Melilton-
Proust,
.'ost.-a Psycoanalytic
oughten Miff lin Co., 1
I
-
6.
Study of Marcel
MlTLibraries
Document Services
Room 14-0551
77 Massachusetts Avenue
Cambridge, MA 02139
Ph: 617.253.5668 Fax: 617.253.1690
Email: docs@mit.edu
http://libraries.mit.edu/docs
DISCLAIMER OF QUALITY
Due to the condition of the original material, there are unavoidable
flaws in this reproduction. We have made every effort possible to
provide you with the best copy available. If you are dissatisfied with
this product and find it unusable, please contact Document Services as
soon as possible.
Thank you.
Some pages in the original document contain pictures,
graphics, or text that is illegible.