ALFRED
P.
WORKING PAPER
SLOAN SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT
USER'S MANUAL for Interactive MAXBAND
(Arterial Case)
by
Matthew
WPi'/1178-80
D.
Steele
December 1980
MASSACHUSETTS
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
50 MEMORIAL DRIVE
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 02139
USER'S MANUAL for Interactive MAXBAND
(Arterial Case)
by
Matthew
WP//1178-80
D.
Steele
December 1980
1
.
Abstract
MAXBAND is
computer program that finds traffic
a
settings
signal
to maximize bandwidths on arteries.
This manual describes an interactive version of MAXBAND that
on
PRIME
a
computer
400
the Sloan School of Management, M.I.T.
at
Inputs are arterial geometry, signal splits, range of acceptable
ranges
lengths,
permitted.
The
of
cycle
speeds and left turn phasing patterns
acceptable
outputs
runs
produced
are
bandwidths,
cycle
length,
beginning and ending times of splits and greenband at each signal, link
The manual describes how the user gets
speeds and space-time diagrams.
onto
the
computer and uses the program.
sample sessions;
one using
a
(5-signals), and another using
artery
(
1
-signal
printing terminal to solve
a
graphics terminal to
a
short artery
solve
longer
a
s)
This version of MAXBAND
program
Traces are presented for two
developed
for
lacks
the FHWA:
two
features
found
in
a
batch
the calculation of green splits from
link flows and the ability to handle triangular networks.
-1-
CHAPTER
I
Introduction
The manner in which traffic signals are set affects large
of
people
every
day.
Iz
numbers
therefore desirable to be able to set
is
signals well and to be able to do so quickly and easily.
MAXBAKD is
on
arteries
a
computer program that finds traffic
so
as
to
maximal
achieve
signal
Problems
bandwidth.
formulated as nixed integer programs based on
a
settings
theory
developed
are
by
Little [1966;1977].
This user's manual describes
a
particularly convenient interactive
version of MAX3AND written in EXPRESS,
The
mixed
integer
a
high level computer
program is solved using
package written in FORTRAN by
Land
and
a
language.
mathematical programming
Powell
[1973].
A
previous
interactive version written in EXPRESS was implemented by Rizzi [1977],
and
a
program version written in FORTRAN has been prepared for
batch
the Federal Highway Administration by Little and
latter
contains
two
features
not
present
in
Kelson
[1980].
The
the on-line version;
namely, the ability to calculate splits from link flows and the ability
to handle simple triangular networks.
The
program, is currently available on the PRIME
located at the Sloan School of Management, M.I.T.
implemented
on
any
400
The program could be
facility v/hich supports. EXPRESS
,
for example,
TYMSHARE I3M/370 network which currently offers EXPRESS on
basis
.
-z-
minicomputer
a
the
national
System inputs include:
1.
Arterial geoT.etry
2.
Signal splits
3.
Range of acceptable cycle lengths
M.
Ranges of acceptable speeds
5.
Left turn phasing patterns permitted
Outputs include:
1.
Bandwidth in each direction
2.
Cycle length
3.
Beginning and ending times of splits
and
greenband
each
at
signal
4.
Speeds on links
5.
Space-time diagrams
It
recommended that problems with
is
on-line,
while
10 or
less
signals
be
run
larger problems (up to 15 signals) should be run under
batch operations since it takes several hours to solve such problems on
the PRIME.
manual.
To
Batch operations require documentation not provided in this
obtain
such
documentation,
contact
the
East
Campus
Computing Facilty at the Sloan School of Management.
Anyone who would like to solve
should
contact
H.I.T.,
Cambridge, MA 02139,
John D.
C.
a
problem on an experimental
basis
Little at the Sloan School of Management,
(617) 253-3733.
-3-
CHAPTER
2
Inputs
Most users will not require the full generality
Therefore,
a
standard
associated
speed and tolerance,
design
from one link to the next fixed at
(3) has no band advances for
program.
the
will be defined as one that (1) has
problem
single outbound design speed and
inbound
of
10
(2)
tolerance
and
a
single
a
has the limit on speed change
per cent of the design speed,
and
queue clearance in either direction at any
signal.
A
symmetric problem will be
data
inbound
exactly
is
the
defined
one
as
which
in
same as the outbound data;
the
all
hence, the
program only asks for the outbound data.
A
general problem has no limitations on any of the inputs.
The
symmetric
following few pages contain
case,
a
standard case and
filled
a
complete traces for running the first two
inpjt
general case.
these
of
input forms for all cases appear in Appendix
•4-
out
A.
forms
Chapter
problems.
for
4
a
gives
Blank
The computer starts by asking for the following information
which
the user provides as applicable:
Artery name
System of units - Metric or English
Number of signals
Signal names
Type of system - asymmetric or symmetric
Outbound distance between signals
Cycle time range
Outbound design speed
Outbound tolerance on design speed
Outbound limit on speed change from previous link
Outbound red/green splits
Outbound band advance (for queue clearing, if applicable)
If the user has indicated
Otherwise (standard
or
a
general
symmetric case, the input is finished.
case)
he
provides
the
following
additional data as applicable:
Inbound distance between signals
Inbound design speed
Inbound tolerance on design speed
Inbound limit on speed change from previous link
Outbound left turn splits
Inbound red/green splits
Inbound left turn splits
Inbound band advance
Desired ratio of inbound to outbound greenbands
Left turn pattern selection
It
in
should be pointed cut that left turn green times are only
the asymmetric
(standard or general) case.
-5-
used
.
1
MAX BANT)
Standard Artery
(1) Namo of artery:
(2) Cycle tine:
^
^
.v
^1
Lower limit
(3) Outbound speed:
(4)
\V\
Inbound speed:
Design center
Design center
Uoyl^Ufw.
(oO
\VlCv
Number of signals
(seconds).
30
3o
(5) Target ratio of inbound to outbound band width:
1
Upper limit
fOO
Tolerance -
3
kph
»ph
_(seconds)
kph
••«»>h-
kph
Tiptr-
.
kph
.
Tolerance
\~0
(12)
Acceptability of Left Turn
Patterns
(1 =
acceptable,
Notes by item nuaber: (3) (A) If no tolerance specified, ±10;: ij assumed as a default. A liait on c h
between signals K'qual to the tolerance is assumed.
(5) Actual ratio will be target ratio unless lar
Is at its linit and smaller can be further increased, in which case it will be. (12) If only outboun
phases, fill in (a) and (c) ; if only inbound, (a) and (b) .
Other columns are 0.
= not)
MAXBAXD
Symmetric Artery
(1)
Name of artery:
(2)
Cycle tine:
(3)
Speed:
(4)
lJj"OM0ujGy Carri nVCdQC
J
,
^^
Lower limit
Design cente r
^
j>
(5)
\13pW
,
(seconds).
.
—^
fV'Vu.Number of signals
/
Tolerance
(6)
Upper limi t
±
^
JQO
\»phr
(seconds)
'
.
Page
1
MAXBANT)
General Artery
A AmC
(1)
Name of artery (jJ 1-^(^0051
(2)
Cycle tine:
(3)
Target ratio of Inbound to outbound band width:
(A)
Maximum number of iterations
:
Lower
Unit
Lo
..
,
(/JcK AvQi^-lzvl
^
,
b.C-
(seconds).
OO,
Upper
I
•
Number of signals
liraic
1
QO
(seconds)
—
^
OOO
OUTBOIRID DATA
(9)
Limit on
(7)
outbound
(6)
Outbound
(8)
Outbound
design
Outbound
distance
speed
speed
from
from
from
tolerance
previous
Signal
previous
previous
Dame
signal
signal
(down =
/meters\
/meters'
outbound)
\-£ n Qfr-/
(5)
1 (Jj i^CO/1
I
In (7)
speed
(12)
change
link
Outbound
(10)
(11)
band
Thru
Left turn
advance
green
green for
for queue
+
+
outbound
outbound
/kph\
'kph
/kph\
Aph\
/fractionX
/fractionX
fraction'*
/fractionX
\jmJ
XapV
Xa^^)
\of cycle /
\of
of cycley
cycle/
\ot cvcle/
clearance
page 2
General Artery
(13)
Name of Artery
rtery:
(JJV'^C^A^"^
/\\)e.
,
(conC.)
(JUa5 A' VM "U^
,
O-C-
page
General Artery
(22) Kane of Artery:
CU
.Sc:'-^/^
bV'T
/IvjC.
(cont)
ij\ia^)\^^^^{x>yy
^
O-C.
LEFT TURM PATTERN CONSTRAINS
(23)
(2A)
Acceptability of Left Turn
= not)
Patterns (1 = acc^otable,
Signal
name
(down =
outbound)
(same as
page 1)
J
CHAPTER
3
Using the Computer
SECTION 3-1
Logging into the PRIME
Interactive MAXBAND exists on
a
PRIME 400 minicomputer located
at
the Sloan School of Management and can be reached by dialing:
617-258-6008
One must obtain
getting
connected
a
login username and password.
to
the
rest of this user's manual,
After calling
and
computer, hit the carriage return (for the
<cr> means hit the carriage
return).
The
password mask.
Then
computer will then print
login please
Hit
return
again,
and
the computer will print
type (in capital letters)
LOGIN username password <cr>
-11-
a
If you get double images,
type
TERM -HALF <cr>
If you get no images, type
TERM -FULL <cr>
Note:
@
is
the character delete and
[
is the line delete
Now type
A
L7LITTLE password <cr>
(Consult Professor Little for the current password.)
Next type
A
L.AND.
P
2
<cr>
SECTION 3.2
Entering EXPRESS
Now we want to get into EXPRESS, so type
DSS MAXBAND <cr>
The computer will print four lines each saying LOAD COMPLETE,
a
warning message that
may
be
disregarded.
Finally
then
following
the
appears
WELCOME TO MAXBAND (THE MESSAGES ABOVE ARE ALL IRRELEVANT)
If you are using
read
the
a
graphics terminal, you will find
EXPRESS plotter booklet.
a
helpful
to
This will tell you how to identify
the plotter you are using to the computer.
using
it
For
example,
if
you
are
Tektronix terminal, you type
TERMINAL TEKxxxx <cr>
v;here
xxxx is replaced by the number of the terminal.
-12-
In our
example,
we will
be
using
Tektronix 4013, so we type
a
TERMINAL TEK4013 <cr>
For most printing terminals,
no
terminal identification
is
necessary,
SECTION 3.3
Entering Street Data
The user simply types
MB. INPUT <cr>
and
3
The number of signals must be between
answers the questions asked.
You have the choice of metric or English units.
and 20.
units
distance
English,
is
in
meters,
speed
in
kilometers
Time is in seconds
feet and miles per hour.
For
metric
per hour;
for
cycle
time
(both outbound and inbound):
The
for
and in cycles for everything else.
One note on the left turn times
splits that are given by the user might allow more left turn green time
than
the
user
has
requested.
In
case
this
the
automatically increase the left turn time to the maximum
the splits.
An example
is given
in
Chapter
•13-
4.
program
permitted
will
by
SECTION 3-4
Printing Out the Inputs
If the user types
MB. PRINT <cr>
all of the input variables are printed out.
SECTION 3.5
Solving Problem and Output
To solve
a
problem, type
MB. SOLVE
<cr>
The program will run and tell the user how many CPU
stage
takes.
The stages are (1) matrix generation
mixed integer linear program and (3) output.
Chapter
If the problem has previously been solved,
desired, the user types
MB. OUTPUT
<cr>
The output has two options, table and plot:
-14-
(2)
U
seconds
each
optimization by
gives examples.
and only the output
is
Table
(i)
This produces times for the start of red, end of
greenband,
of
end
start
of band advance.
end
and
inbound and outbound speeds on links are
printed.
start
red,
and
addition the
In
See
examples
the
greenband
for
more details.
(ii)
Plot
A
space-time diagram for
artery
the
showing
is
produced for each direction.
First the computer will print
on
a
a
"File created" comment
graphics terminal only, an arrow (>) will appear;
hits
the
carriage return to produce the plot.
On
a
and
then,
the user simply
printing terminal
the operation is continuous.
A
graphics terminal produces
a
better looking plot.
Outputs
types of terminal are demonstrated in the examples chapter.
both
graphics terminal, the computer pauses after
permit
the
user
to make
a
a
plot
hard copy, if desired.
is
produced,
from
On
a
to
Hitting the return
continues the program.
The user may choose either, both or neither of
the
two
options.
The program, no matter which option is used, automatically displays the
cycle time and the inbound and outbound bandwidths.
-15-
SECTION 3.6
File Data
Use Data
/
To file the data for possible reuse at
a
later date, type
FILE filename DATABASE <cr>
where filename is replaced by whatever name you select
the
for
file.
After hitting the <cr>, the computer will prompt
COMMENT
Now
you
can type any message, e.g.
If more than one line is desired,
the end of
a
line will result in
a
a
a
phrase identifying the problem.
hyphen (-) followed by
a
<cr>
at
prompt
CONTINUE
and the message can be continued.
When the data is desired once again, simply type
USE filename <cr>
SECTION 3.7
Modify Street Data
To change the current data, either just entered
via
a
USE command,
or
brought
back
simply type
MB. INPUT
<cr>
and type
NC
for
any
item
that
<cr>
the user does not want to change.
-16-
To terminate
a
s
The modified problem can be rerun via
as before.
experience
having
Users
Everything will be left
series in the middle, type DONE.
data question
EXPRESS
with
change
can
and
DONE's
sure all
be
to
variables
data
through
directly, but the MB. INPUT sequence should be gone
command.
MB. SOLVE
a
with
NC
'
flags and derived variables are correctly
set.
SECTION 3.8
Restarting
Problem
a
If the maximum number of iterations specified by the user
not
is
large enough to solve the entire problem, the program will terminate at
the
file)
iteration
limit
has been punched
restarted
enter
MB. SOLVE,
if this
One warning:
it is in
the
where
point
is
a
that
is
a
node (data
a
program
the
stopped.
it
restart of
can
be
To do this type
iterations
type
and
previous run.
the restart must be the next problem solved,
another computer session.
problem
so
new (larger) maximum number of
a
"yes" when asked
message saying that
a
(stored on disk)
exact
the
at
and print out
If another
problem
run
is
even if
before
the node will be erased, and the original
restarted,
problem will have to be resolved from the beginning.
Another warning:
iterations
that
is
mathematical program
iterations),
cannot
This
using
problem
a
maximum
number
of
small that the original linear program of the
a
solved
be
(iterations
simplex
are
instruct the user to resolve the problem
the program will
from the beginning
restart).
so
enters
user
the
if
larger
can
be
maximum
avoided
iterations always exceeds 1000.
-17-
(
if
Note
the
:
this
is
not
a
maximum number of
SECTION 3-9
Running Times
The following are representative running times
5-signal symmetric
minutes
5
11-signal standard
1
hour
17-signal standard
5
hours
These times were when the system was fairly empty.
With
more
users,
the running times can be much greater.
SECTION 3.10
L eaving
EXPRESS
An important thing to know about
dealing
with
a
all have values.
USE
command,
if
database.
No matter
one
EXPRESS
is
that
When the user enters EXPRESS,
the
is
the variables
whether the user enters new data or uses
leaves
EXPRESS,
a
a
the variables will be reset to
their original values and the new values will be lost unless
"updated" or else filed via
user
they
are
FILE command.
The user can make the current values permanent by typing
UPDATE <cr>
If one then types
EXIT <cr>
the values of the variables will be left at what they were at the
UPDATE.
An
UPDATE can be typed at any time in an EXPRESS session.
-18-
last
If
there are no UPDATE's,
the variables are left at their original values,
those at the beginning of the EXPRESS session, when the
i.e.
is
EXIT gets the user out of EXPRESS.
typed.
A
EXIT
third command
QUIT <cr>
executes first an UPDATE and then an EXIT, and so
it
takes
also
the
user out of EXPRESS.
SECTION 3.11
ESCAPE and BREAK Keys
If you want to stop
press
the
ESCAPE key.
a
program
in
EXPRESS
while
it
is
running,
This will stop the program and keep you within
EXPRESS.
The BREAK key will throw you out of EXPRESS.
The
variables
will
be left at what their values were at the last UPDATE.
However, if the user hits the
BREAK
key
by
accident,
one
can
recover by typing
START <cr> <cr>
as
the first command after the BREAK.
The program will be restored in
EXPRESS at the exact place it was before the BREAK key was hit.
-19-
SECTION 3.12
Leaving the PRIME
Once one leaves EXPRESS via an EXIT,
QUIT or BREAK key, one simply
types
LO <cr>
to log off the machine.
terminal.
Then disconnect the telephone and turn off the
If using a plotter,
be sure to turn off the hard copy
too.
-20-
unit,
CHAPTER
E
This chapter contains two
M
xamples
examples.
The
first
is
a
5-signal
symmetric problem for Broadway in Cambridge, Massachusetts done using
printing
terminal.
The
Main Street in Waltham,
graphics
second
is
an
Massachusetts
11-signal standard problem for
using
done
a
Tektronix
terminal along with its accompanying hard copy unit.
examples are fully annotated and show
EXPRESS.
-21-
a
how
to
get
into
and
^4013
The two
out
of
2
EXAMPLE #1
USER TYPING IS UNDERLINED
please
losJin
C>
OLOGIM
r
•
RI
r-i
S
l3E@aiiS!!?lBlfflaEG!!3IBIifflSBa
Ve V s i o
I
.
MHG
-
:l
8
*
C> means you are at PRIME operating
system level
»
L7LITTLE (5) LOGGED IN AT 1S:58 00/12/01
PROJECT code: MATT
* YOU CAN NOW PRINT FILES USING EITHER THE PRINT OR THE SPOOL COMMAND
*
OCO
TTY
L.AND>P
2
DSS MA qiAND
LOAD CO/iPL.tlTE
LOAD COMPI ETE
LOAD COMPLETE
Alresd^:; exists*
LOAD COMPLETE
C>A
O
/
Entering EXPRESS and bringing in MAXBAND
losd over existins' entrw isJnored (F$ERX
)
WELCOME TO MAXDAND (THE MESSAGES ABOVE ARE ALL IRRELEVANT)
TYPE MD.iriPUT TO INPUT TRAFFIC DATA
TYPE MB, PRINT TO PRINT OUT INPUT TRAFFIC DATA
TYPE MB. SOLVE TO SOLVE PROBLEM AND PRINT OUT RESULTS
TYPE MB .OUTPUT TO SIMPLY PRINT OUT RESULTS OF PREVIOUSLY SOLVED PROBLEM
note: MB. solve AUTOMATICALLY EXECUTES MB. OUTPUT
22-
1
-> Nri. INPUT
-»
means you are at EXPRESS level.
TRAFFIC HAT.', INPUT
ARTFPY NAME BPOADI^IAY
2 ENGLISH SYSTEM >]_
1 METRIC SYSTEM
NUMBER OF SIGNALS >5
SIGNAL NAMES
SIG i: > PORTLAND
SIG 2: >UINDSOR
GIG 3: > CnLUMr:TA
SIG 4: > PROSI''ECT
SIG 51 >miAN
ASYMMETRIC
1
2 SYMMETRIC >2
OUTBOUND DISTANCE FROM PREVIOUS SIGNAL TO SIGNAL (METERS)
SIG WINDSOR >305
SIG COLUMBIA > :l.6R
SIG prospect: > 335
SIG INMAN: > 1.S3
lower limit on cycle time (SEC) >80
UPPER LIMIT ON CYCLE TIME (SEC) >T7)0
DO YOU WANT DIFFERENT DESIGN SPEEDS FOR EACH OUTBOUr!D SIGNAL ?
OUTBOUND DESIGN SPEED KM/HR >45
DESIGN SPEED TOLERANCE
(=- :!.()% OF DESIGN SPEED))
1 DEFAULT
2 NEW VALUES >2
DO YOU WANT DIFFERENT TOLERANCES FOR EACH SIGNAL ? >N0
!:
I
I
(
U rB UN D DE S I GN
S P E. E D
T
;
NO
)
1...
ERNCE
(
KM/
1
R ) >5
LIMIT ON SPEED CHANGE FROM PREVIOUS LINK
(=^10% OF DESIGN SPEED)
1 DEFAULT
2 NEW VALUES >2
DO YOU WANT DIFFERENT LIMITS ON SPEED CHANGE FROMT'REVIOUS LINK FOR EACH
SIGNAL
>N0
LTTTIT ON CHANGE IN OUTBOUND SPEED FROM PREVIOUS LINK (KM/IIR)>2
OUTBOUND GREEN TIME (FRACTION OF CYCLE)
SIG PORTLAND: > 525
SIG WINDSOR:
SIG COLUMBIA: > 76375
SIG prospect: >.4
SIG INMAN
BANDWIDTH ADVANCE
1
DEFAULT (---^O)
NEW
2
.
>^
:
>^
—
-23-
->MB. PRINT
(STNAMr:)
STHAME
(NSIG)
ARTERY NAME
BROADWAY
-> HP>pni...vE
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ITERATIONS
(TYPE HC TO USE THE DEFAULT SETTING OF 100000 ITERATIONS) >25
IS THIS A RESTART OF A PREUIOUS RUN? > N()
(
DI
r- r-
1)
IJIFFI
r; f
•
u s e c o n n s u s e: d n u
r.'
i
ng
t
i
i
e mat
r^-
1
x
gene re a t o r
26.71
OPT I M I Z AT I ON F I N I SUED
(DIFF2)
DIFE2
CPU SECONDS USED DURING THE OPTIMIZATION
29,28
THE MA>aMUM NUMDER OF ITERATIONS HAS DEEN REACHED IN THE DRANCIT AND -DOUN
ALGORITHM.
NODE HAS BEEf! PUNCHED SO THAT YOU MAY RESTART THE PROGRAM. Node is actually
written to disk.
->MB. SOLVE
F"
M AX I MUM L'U M B [: R'
IT
A f IONS
(TYPE NC TO USE THE DEFAULT SETTING OF 100000 ITERATIONS) >NC
IS THIS A RESTART OF A PREUIOUS RUN? >YES
D
A
F-
!
o
OPTIMIZATION FINISHED
(DIFF2)
DIFF2
CPU SECONDS USED DURING THE OPTIMIZATION
63.22
OUTPUT VALUES IN METRIC UNITS
(ZOUT)
ZOUT
CYCLE TIME (SEC)
80.00
OUTBOUND SOLUTION
<B)
B
OUTBOUND BANDWIDTH (CYCLES)
,32
-25-
outf-ut:
1
Bands are hand drawn
1
pOOO
A
A
900
800
i
B
C
B
c
c
B
C
C
700
600
M
E
T
E
R
S
500
A
A
n-f
A>
B
^00 i
300
200
100 +
A
A
1.'
CYCLES (TIME)
-27-
C
INPOUMD SOLUTION
INBOUND BANDWIHTII (CYCLES)
(BBAP:;)
BBAR
output;
.32
1
(ST. RED)
SIG
CYCLE
TABLE ONLY
2
PLOT ONLY
3
START OF RED CYCLE
INMAN PROSPECT COLUMBIA
BOTH
4
WINDSOR PORTLAND
1
.04
.94
.56
.54
2
3
1.04
2.04
1.94
2.94
1.56
2.56
1.54
2.54
(END. RED)
SIG
CYCLE
1
END OP RED CYCLE
NEITHCIC >3
0.00
1.00
2.00
Bands are hand drawn
Between same letters is red time
1^
End of
800
i
700
600
i
500
•{
M
E
T
e:
400
300
i
200
100
A
CPU SECONDS USEID DURING THE OUTPUT ROUTINE
<riIFF-3)
i
73.6^
DIF'F"3
-> riLE DROADUAY DATADASE
Save data on disk file
comment: > U R a D a Y C A M D T n G E E X A M E
-> UPDATE
save data in database
-> USE PRO A nil AY restore data from file (Still in file!)
2/0 1/80 16:2g:o?
FILE created:
UI
^
1^
I-
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I...
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C MME N
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:
D R' A D 10 A Y
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OLG
Leave PRIME
L7LITTLE (5) LOGGED OUT AT 16:33 00/12/01
PROJEC T^=MATT
320.7 MRUS. 0.53 HOURS (LOCAL)
y
C>
-'>n.
EXA^-^.PLE
#2
USER TYPING IS UNDERLINED
C> LOGIN
PRiriOS Uerslon HDS 13.0.3
L7LITTLE (2) LOGGED IH AT
11 -59 8®/12/0a
PROJECT CODE riATT
* * VOU CAN NOU PRINT FILES USING EITfrCR THS PRirfT OR THE SPOOL COMMAr
OCO TTY
Ort L AND P O
ODSS
flAXBAND
LOAD COnPLE'TE:
LOAD COnPLETE
LOAD COnPLETE
load ovor oxiating ontj-y ignorod CFSERX
)
LOAD COMPLETE
UELCOtlE TO flAXBAND <T»^ fESSAGES ABOUE ARE ALL IRRELEVA^^T)
TYPE HB INPUT TO IMPUT TRAFFIC DATA
T.'PE MB PRINT TO PRINT OUT irc^^jT TRAFFIC DATA
TYPE riB.SOLUE TO SOLi.'E PROBLEM AND P«INT OUT RESULTS
TYPE riB. OUTPUT TO SiriPLV PRINT CUT TI^ULTS OF Ff:EVIOUSLV SOLUED PROBLEN
NOTE MB.SOLUE AUTOi^rf^TICALLV EXECUTES ns. OUTPUT
.
->TERniNAL TEK4013
>
Identify terminal (Necessary for
most printing terminals)
-.31-
grar)h:.r;s
but not
->riB_J>PUT
TRi^FFlC DATA II-FUT
A.RTERY
ry^nt:
>riAIN_STF<EET,_Je^LTHeO.
Z ET^OLISH SYST01 >1
I nETRIC S^'STEr1
rUflBER OF SIGH-^LS >11
5IGNAL
?IG 1 >F.ANKS_
9IG a > PROSPECT
SIG *^ > BACON
SIG 4 > EXCHANGE
SIG S
SIG 6
SIG 7 >EL.M
SIG 8 >fiPPLETC«H
SIG 9 >LYnAN
SIG 10 >Ktui:ofcL
SIG 11 >I.INDEN
•
1
ASSTirnETRIC
£
SYfif^TETRIC >1
OUTBOUND DISTA.NCE FROfl Pf^WIOUS SIGT^AL TO SIGNAL (fETERS)
SIG PROSPECT >a-<7
SIG BACON' >337^
SIG EXCHANGE" >230
SIG MOODY- >244^
SIG LEXINGTON >11C
SIG ELi"] >70
SIG APPLETON yZ53
SIG LYr;,=W >12S~~
SIG t^^iTON >104_
SIG Lir-'DEN >!r~o
ARE 1I-;30UND DISTANCES THE SftMS- AS 0UTD01S4D DXSTftf'TCES? >VES
LOIJZR Lin IT CN CYCLE Tir:z <?sc) >r3_
UPPUR LimiT ON C^z-CLE TirZ (CiC) >i:^
DO S'OU UAHT DIFFERENT DESIGN SPEEDS F(»l EjCsCH 0UTB<XS<D SIGNAL ?
•
-32-
>
,
DO VOU
IJANT
DIFFERerr
^•UTPOUND DESIGN ^PEJTD
DESICa^l
SPEEDS FOR EfiCH CUTBOUND
(KrM^ »33
SIO^L
—
7 >N0
UISIGH SPEED TOLERAHCE
1 DEFAULT ("lO'i OF DESIGN SPEED))
3 r^3J VALUES >l
L 1(1 IT 0;S SPEED CHfV-iGE FKvXI Pf:£\JlQUS LIFX
i=ieri
DEFAULT
OF
DESIGN
1
SPEED) 2 KDJ UALUES >i
rt?E INBOUND DESIGN Si-'EEDS AND TOLERANCES THE SAi*S: f^
OUTBOUND DESIGN SPEEDS AND T0L£R,WCES7 >VE3
f^RE INi50UND LIMITS ON SPEED CHP?NG£ FRCfl F.xEUIOUS LINK Tl^ SATE AS
OUTBOUND LiniTS ON SPTED CH-JSGI FROM PREUIOUS LINX7 >VES
Short cut on
OUTBOLIND GREEN TirE (FRACTION OF CYCLE)
innnt
lu^iSIG BfT^S^ > 6375 .^T7S_ .7123 /7^ .J^"S_.er5S^ .SSaS .7S .5375 .4655 l£S
„^ a!
-^eave
ro N'OU UANT ANY OUTBOUND LEFT TViZM C:rSti TIFS 7 >V£S
space oetween each
OUTBOUND LEFT TURN a^EEN TIME (FilPiCTJON OF CYCLE)
signal in the list.
SIG BAN<S^ > t0__O JJS23_5_iJ ^275. .575 O
Q. ,2_
(For negative numINBOUND GREEN TIHE (FRACTIO^^ OF CYCLE)
SIG BANKS' > 5375 .4375 .575 .75 .3-5 3375 .3375 .75 .5375 .4625 45 bers
DO YOU UANT ANY~lNgOUND LEFT TIRN 0<3Bi TIfS 7 >N0
conTina
BArfDUIDTH ADUANCE
>
recmi-ed
DEFAULT (=0) a NEU UALUZS >1
I
DESIRED RATIO OF INBOUND TO OUTBOUJ^D GREEHBANDS >l_
*
i
,
)
'
..
L'^FT TUr^N
PATTERN SELECTION FOR EACH SIGT^L
PATTERNS
(
1
)
OUTBOUND LEFT
TUI^N
BEFORE C:^EN
ftND I^f:5CU^©
ISFT TuTW BEFORE GREEN
(2) OUTB'^IK^ID LEFT TU;?N BEFORE CSFJEN AND IN'XdJND LEFT TU-IN AFTEF* GREEN
(3) OUTBOUND LEFT TU.?N AFTER GREEN PfNO INIXH-?^ LEFT TUTOi BEFORE GREEN
(4) OUTBOUND LEFT TUTxN FvFTER QxZEN AND INIJOU^D LEFT TU?^ AFTER GREEN
FOR EACH SIGNAL BELOU. TYPE OfC (1) IF VOU L3ANT 'H-fE. PATTERS IN QUESTION
TO BE CONSIDERED AND TYPE 7.ER0 <0) IF VOU DO NOT UfiNT "WE PATTERN
IN QUESTION TO BE CaOIDERED
LEFT TURN PATTERN FORfllhJG MATRIX
SIG BANKS
PAT 1= >1
PAT 2- >0
PAT 3= >i
PAT 4 >0
LEFT TURN PATTERN F0Rf1ir>K5 HATRIX
SIG BACON
PAT 1 >1 O L
LEFT TURN PATTERN FC^IING RATRIX
SIG LEXINGTO
1
PAT 1 >1
LEFT TURN PATTERN FORs'lINQ rs?»TRIX
SIG ELfl
PAT 1 >1 O 1
LEFT TL^r^ PATTERN FOWIir^ riATRIX
SIG LINDEN
PAT i > 1
1
^
->
->nB PRirrr
iSir^^TE:)
STt^M'TE
ARTERY
riAIfS
STREET. WALTHAfl
or SIGMALS
N-,X1B£R
NSIG
hfeVlE
4
11
J
(Tl
)
<T2)
Tl
T2
LouER LiniT ON c*a;le Tirs: (SEO
UPPER LiniT ON CVCLE Tlf^ <££C)
60
lee
HARD COPV (IF DESIRED).
(Hi
THOS BE ERASED. >
flAKE
^D)
IDESSPEED)
(TLP)
(C^)
t GREEN)
(EL)
(Ti^)
SIG
BA^5<S
PROSPECT
BPa^O-H
EXCHANCE
nOODV
LEXINGTO
Eun
ftPPLETON
Lvrvrfs
hEIJTON
LINDEN
TJ-iSN
HIT 'RSTl^JN' TO COMTIhOJE.
OUTBOLiNE- DISTi=tf^Ce FF?0J1 PfJEUIOUS
OUTBOUND DESIGN SPrlEDS (Kin/4«)
SCHEEN UILL
SIGNAL TO SIGNAL (METERS)
OUTSOUMD DISIGN SPEED TOLEr^A^»ZS < <«•»«)
LIMITS ON ChWSGE IN OUTBOUND £^-n^ED FnoH PREVIOUS LINK
(XITPOUND GiREEN TlfTE (FR<>CTI<5N OF CYCLE)
(XJTBO^Jr^'D LEFT TLRN GREEN TIMS (FTJ^CTIOf'J C^ CYCLE)
OUTBOUND BPtfSDUIDTH AiXK^NCE (FRACTICXS OF CYCLE)
D
12
10
10
10
(PATCHOIC) LEFT TLRN PATTERM FOf^lhfO flArRIX
4
PAT
3
SIG
1
©
B*¥*CS
I
PROSPECT
Bi=iCON
EXCHA5SGE
nOODN'
LEXINGTO
EU1
*:tf^PLETON
LSTIAfi
NEUTON
LINDEN
10
10
10
DESIRED RATIO OF If^BOUr® TO OUTBOUND GREENBft^(DS
(KK)
KK
1
^
->.
gO LUE
vcNirujM rnuriBER or iterations
(TN^PE NC to use THE DEFAULT eETTir<a OT
ICSO^ ITEKATIO!^) >HC
15 THIS A RESTART OF A PREUIOJS RUTl? >N0
(DIFFl)
DIFFl
CPU
SECC»>a)S
USED DURING 7>E
TlftTRIX
GSrSF^TOR
54 89
OPTiniZATION FINISHED
(DIFF2)
DIFFa
CPU SECONDS USED DURING THS OPTIHIZATICfl
1,677 79
(XJTPUT UALUES IN rETRIC LeSITS
CZOUT)
ZOUT
CYCLE TIHE (S^C)
60.^
OUTBOLMD SOLUTION
<3)
B
OUTBOUND B/^<iXJID7H (CYCLES)
.24
1 TABl£ ONLY
2 PLOT
RAKE KAPJD CC-r^ (IF DESIRED),
TfEN BE CRT^SED. > <cr>
OUTPUT'
Cf^LV
TH=3i
3 ^OTH 4 NSITKaS? >3
HIT TSTUTcN' TO CCffTII^JE.
-35-
SCREBH UILL
(vT RED'/
C^'•:L£
START OF R£D CYCLE
1
2
0.00
PROSPECT
EXCHANGE
rKK:'DY
IXXINGTO
ELM
APPLETOtS
LSTlAr<
NEUTOH
LINECN
CAUGSP)
.
ir^ECXJMD
CBBftR)
BBAR
SOUJTXON
INBOUrSD BPdMIXv'IDTH (CVCLE3)
.
24
3 PLOT
1 TABLE OtSLV
H;=«D COR^' (IF E^SIRED),
J>€3S BE ERASED. > <CR>
OLfTPUT'
MAKE
<
ST RED)
CS-CLE
SIG
LINDEN
hEUTON
LSTIAN
AJ=PLETON
ELM
LEXINGTO
noc»DY
EXCHh«N<:^
BACON
PROSPECT
CNLV 3 BOTH 4 KZIT>-«E;» >3
ThEM HIT 'RSTURM' TO COTTIMLE
ST^^rr OF FSID Ct^-LE
1
.01
s
4
SCREEN U'ILL
C^JOSP-t
(DIFF3)
-> riLf:
l
CPU SECa>(DS USED IXJ?INQ THL OUTPUT ROUTirS
J^LTH:-'tf1
.X>rr-1£NT=
> r!AIN
DATAB ASg
street, 'JALTHj^ EX^ypLE
'UJE CREDITED iS/CE^'SO 13 -53 '20
C>>^ierr^ rWIN street. UALTK^M EXAT-PLE
-> vAJIT
Automatic update
save data on disk file
•
Restore data
P^TA BASE UPDATED
Leave ?RT^:'E
OLO
LTLITTLE (2) LOGOED OUT ftT 13 -SS aV12/C2
2053 6 riRUS, 1.93 hVXSRS (LOCAL). PRCJECToflATT
C>
-40-
REFERENCES
Land, A.
London:
Fortran Codes for
and Powell, S.
John Wiley and Sons, 1973.
,
Mathematical
Programming
,
John
D.
C, "The Synchronization of Traffic Signals by
Little,
No.
Mixed-Integer Linear Programming," Operations Research Vol.
14,
i\,
568-594.
July-August, 1966, pp.
,
John
D.
C, Maximal Bandvjidth for Arterial Traffic Signals
Little,
Computation
Theory and Interactive
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology,
Alfred
P.
Sloan
School of Management, Working Paper WP
970-78, September 1977.
:
,
Little, John D.
C.
and Kelson, Mark D., "Optimal
Signal
Timing
for
Arterial
Report
Signal
Systems,"
for Federal Highway Administration
April 1980.
Under Contract DOT-FH-1 -9562
1
,
D.
"An Interactive Program for Setting Traffic
Rizzi, W.
Artery," S.B.
thesis, M.I.T., May 1977.
,
an
-41-
Signals
on
.
APPENDIX
MAX BANT)
Standard Artery
(1) Hane of artery:
(2) Cycle tiae:
Number of signals
Lower limit
(seconds).
Upper limit
(seconds)
kph
(3)
(A)
Outbound speed:
Inbound speed:
(5) Target
Design center
Design center
toph
kph
nph
kph
.
Tolerance
.
tnph
.
kph
.
Tolerance
ratio of inbound to outbound band width:
(12)
Acceptability of Left Turn
Patterns (1 = acceptable,
= not)
Outbound LT
after green
and
Inbound
maxba:;d
Symmetric Artery
(1)
Name of artery;
(2)
Cycle tine:
Number of signal;
Lov;er limit
(seconds)
.
/kph\
(3)
Speed:
Design center
(4)
_\raph/
(5)
Distance
Signal
name
(down =
outbound)
Upper limit
(seconds)
(kph\
.
Tol erance
(6)
_\mph/
.
Page 1
V-A-XBANI)
General Artery
(1)
Name of artery:
(2)
Cycle tine:
(3)
Target ratio of inbound to outbound band width:
(A)
MaxiDU3 number of iterations
Lower
Nunber of signals
Unit
(seconds).
Uoper linit
outbou>:d data
(seconds)
page
General Artery
(13)
3
A
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Nam- of Artery:_
(cdiic.)
2
Gpneial ArLery
(cont)
(22) Name of Artery;
LEFT TURN PATTERM CONSTR.\INTS
(23)
(24)
Acceptability of Left Turn
= not)
Patterns (1 = acccotable,
BASEf«Du
mR3\JiscQ
71984
OEC
r,
-
JUL
2
1^8:
01985
9» ''W
OCT
919IJ6
DEc¥ri98t
Lib-26-67
ACME
BOOKBINDING
NOV
1
CO., INC.
1983
100 CAMSRIDGE STREET
CHARLESTOWN, MASS.
2
BASEMENT
no.ll75- 80
Medoff, James /The role
HD28.IVI414
D»BKS
741446
3
of
seniority
o
pQi:j2654
iiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiii
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HD28.M414 no.l176- 80
Kulatilaka, Na/A partial eauilibrium m
D.*BKS __ D0l32fi5J.
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H028.IVI414 no.ll77- 80
Stoker, Thomas/Aggregation and assumpt
741442
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HD28.M414 noll78- 80
Matthe/User's manual
Steele.
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Katz,
741454
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of
group
00132
.
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HD28.IV1414
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HD28.M414 no.1181- 81
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licensing
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HD28.M414 no.ll83- 81
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