Part III Measures for Defense of Japan
Section
2
Promotion of Defense Cooperation and
Exchanges
Forces are conducting strategic defense cooperation and
exchanges based on the characteristics of each country and
region in question.
(See Fig. III-3-2-1)
See Reference 53
See Section 1
Fig. Ⅲ−3−2−1 Main Achievements in Defense Cooperation and Exchange with Other Countries (Past Three Years)
Top three politician`s meeting, etc.
Rok
Dec. 2009, Seoul (Parliamentary Vice-Minister)
Jun. 2010, Singapore (Minister)
Jun. 2010, Singapore (Minister)(notes)
Jul. 2010, Seoul (Parliamentary Vice-Minister)
Jan. 2011, Seoul (Minister)
Jun. 2011, Singapore (Minister)
Jun. 2012, Singapore (Senior Vice-Minister)
Administrative ViceMinisterial meeting
Nov. 2009, Tokyo (Minister)
Oct. 2010, Hanoi (Minister)
Jun. 2011, Singapore (Minister)
Administrative Chief of Staff meeting
Dec. 2010, Tokyo
Nov. 2011, Seoul
Jul. 2009, Seoul (A.S.D.F. Chief)
Aug. 2009,Tokyo (G.S.D.F. Chief)
Nov. 2009, Seoul (G.S.D.F. Chief)
Feb. 2010, Seoul (Chief of Joint Staff)
Apr. 2010, Seoul (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Jul. 2011, Tokyo (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Oct. 2011, Tokyo (Chief of Joint Staff)
Jul. 2011, Tokyo (Vice-Ministerial
level consultation between
the Japanese and Chinese
defense authorities)
Jul. 2009, Beijing (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Feb. 2010, Beijing (G.S.D.F. Chief)
Notes: Japan–U.S.–ROK Defense Ministers’ Meeting
China
East Asia
Multi-layered Security Cooperation with the International Community
Chapter 3
In order to improve the security environment in the Asia-Pacific
region, as well as across the globe, and ensure the safety and
prosperity of Japan, it is important to utilize the Japan-U.S.
Alliance as an axis, while developing networks that combine
bilateral and multilateral dialogue, exchanges and cooperation
frameworks in a complementary and multilayered manner.
Accordingly, the Ministry of Defense and the Self-Defense
Russia
Jun. 2010, Tokyo (A.S.D.F. Chief)
Sep. 2010, Tokyo (Chief of Joint Staff)
Jun. 2012, Moscow (Chief of Joint Staff)
Jun. 2011, Singapore (Minister)
Consultation
among the defense
authorities
Oct. 2009, Seoul
Jul. 2010, Tokyo
Jul. 2011, Seoul
Consultation
among the foreign
affairs and defense
authorities
Dec. 2009, Fukuoka
Security treaties,
memorandum, etc.
Apr. 2009, Signed
a Statement of
Intent
Jan. 2011, Beijing
Jul. 2010, Moscow
Jul. 2010, Moscow
Aug. 1999, Signed
Memorandum
Jan. 2006, Revised
Memorandum
Mongolia
Nov. 2010, Tokyo (Minister)
Jan. 2012, Ulan Bator (Minister)
Jan. 2012, Signed
Memorandum
Brunei
May 2012, Tokyo (Minister)
Feb. 2012, Bandar Seri Begawan
May 2010, Phnom Penh (Senior Vice-Minister)
Oct. 2010, Hanoi (Senior Vice-Minister)
Oct. 2003, Tokyo
Nov. 2009, Tokyo
Oct. 2010, Hanoi (Minister)
Jan. 2011, Jakarta (Parliamentary ViceMinister)
Jan. 2011, Tokyo (Minister)
Jun. 2011, Singapore (Minister)
Jun. 2012, Singapore (Senior Vice-Minister)
Jan. 2010, Jakarta
Mar. 2010, Tokyo
Sep. 2011, Tokyo
Feb. 2012, Jakarta
May 2010, Vientiane (Senior Vice-Minister)
Jun. 2012, Singapore
Jan. 2011, Kuala Lumpur (Parliamentary ViceMinister)
Jan. 2010, Kuala Lumpur
Mar. 2010, Tokyo
Sep. 2011, Tokyo
Cambodia
Indonesia
Jun. 2010, Phnom Penh
Feb. 2012, Phnom Penh
Jun. 2010, Phnom Penh
Jun. 2010, Jakarta (Chief of Joint Staff)
Sep. 2011, Jakarta (A.S.D.F. Chief)
Nov. 2011, Jakarta (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Sep. 2010, Jakarta
Nov. 2011, Tokyo
Nov. 2011, Tokyo
Aug. 2009, Tokyo (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Jul. 2011, Kuala Lumpur
Southeast Asia
Laos
Malaysia
Myanmar
Sep. 2011, Tokyo
Feb. 2012, Naypyidaw
Philippines
Singapore
278
Oct. 2010, Hanoi (Senior Vice-Minister)
Jan. 2011, Manila (Parliamentary ViceMinister)
Jun. 2012, Manila (Senior Vice-Minister)
Mar. 2010, Tokyo
Sep. 2011, Tokyo
Nov. 2011, Manila (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Apr. 2012, Tokyo (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Jun. 2012, Manila (Chief of Joint Staff)
Aug. 2010, Tokyo
Dec. 2009, Tokyo (Minister)
Jun. 2010, Singapore (Minister)
Oct. 2010, Hanoi (Minister)
Jun. 2011, Singapore (Minister)
Jun. 2012, Singapore (Senior Vice-Minister)
Nov. 2009, Tokyo
Jan. 2011, Singapore
Sep. 2009, Tokyo (Chief of Joint Staff)
Feb. 2010, Singapore (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Feb. 2011, Singapore (G.S.D.F. Chief)
Sep. 2009, Singapore
Oct. 2010, Tokyo
Nov. 2011, Singapore
Aug. 2010, Tokyo
Dec. 2009, Signed
Memorandum
Administrative ViceMinisterial meeting
Top three politician`s meeting, etc.
Southeast Asia
Thailand
Consultation
among the foreign
affairs and defense
authorities
Jan. 2011, Bangkok
Aug. 2010, Tokyo (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Jun. 2011, Bangkok (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Sep. 2009, Tokyo
Sep. 2010, Bangkok
Sep. 2011, Tokyo
Sep. 2009, Tokyo
Sep. 2010, Bangkok
Sep. 2011, Tokyo
Oct. 2010, Hanoi (Minister)
Jun. 2011, Singapore (Minister)
Oct. 2011, Tokyo (Minister)
Jan. 2012, Hanoi (Parliamentary Vice-Minister)
Jan. 2010, Hanoi
Mar. 2010, Tokyo
Sep. 2011, Tokyo
Jun. 2012, Singapore
Feb. 2010, Hanoi (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Sep. 2011, Hanoi (A.S.D.F. Chief)
Dec. 2011, Tokyo (M.S.D.F. Chief)
May 2012, Hanoi (Chief of Joint Staff)
Jun. 2012, Tokyo (A.S.D.F. Chief)
Apr. 2010, Hanoi
Dec. 2011, Tokyo
Apr. 2010, Hanoi
Dec. 2011, Tokyo
Oct. 2011, Signed
Memorandum
Nov. 2009, Tokyo (Minister)
Apr. 2010, Delhi (Minister)
Nov. 2011, Tokyo (Minister)
Jul. 2010, Delhi (Vice-ministerial/
Deputy Secretary of Defense
level (2+2) consultation
Aug. 2009, Tokyo (G.S.D.F. Chief)
Sep. 2010, Tokyo (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Sep. 2010, Tokyo (A.S.D.F. Chief)
Feb. 2011, Delhi (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Apr. 2010 Tokyo
May 2011, Delhi
Apr. 2010 Tokyo
May 2011, Delhi
Oct. 2008, Security
Treaties
declaration
May 2010, Tokyo
May 2010, Tokyo
The Pacific
Aug. 2009, Tokyo (G.S.D.F. Chief)
Apr. 2010, Tokyo (A.S.D.F. Chief)
Sep. 2010, Sydney (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Feb. 2011, Canberra (Chief of Joint Staff)
Feb. 2011, Canberra (A.S.D.F. Chief)
Jun. 2011, Tokyo (A.S.D.F. Chief)
May 2012, Tokyo (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Jun. 2012, Canberra (G.S.D.F. Chief)
Jun. 2012, Canberra (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Oct. 2009, Canberra
Oct. 2010, Tokyo
Nov. 2011, Canberra
Feb. 2011, Wellington. (Chief of Joint Staff)
Oct. 2011, Tokyo (G.S.D.F. Chief)
Jun. 2012, Wellington. (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Oct. 2009, Tokyo
Dec. 2010, Wellington.
Jun. 2010, Ottawa (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Nov. 2010, Tokyo (A.S.D.F. Chief)
May 2011, Tokyo (M.S.D.F. Chief)
May 2010, Paris (Parliamentary Vice-Minister)
Jun. 2012, Singapore (Senior Vice-Minister)
Mar. 2010, Tokyo
Apr. 2011, Canberra
Sep. 2003, Signed
Memorandum
Mar. 2007, Security
treaties
declaration
Dec. 2008, Revision of
Memorandum
May 2009, Ottawa
Apr. 2012 Tokyo
Mar. 2010, Tokyo
Apr. 2012, Tokyo
Nov. 2010, Politics and
peace security
treaties joint
declaration
Dec. 2009, Tokyo (Chief of Joint Staff)
May 2010, Paris (A.S.D.F. Chief)
Sep. 2010, Tokyo (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Oct. 2010, Tokyo
Jul. 2011, Paris
Oct. 2010, Tokyo
Jul. 2011, Paris
Jan. 2012, Tokyo
Sep. 2010, Berlin Parliamentary Vice-Minister
Dec. 2010, Manama Parliamentary ViceMinister
Feb. 2012, Berlin (G.S.D.F. Chief)
Feb. 2012, Berlin (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Oct. 2010, Tokyo
Jun. 2010, Tokyo
Nov. 2011, Berlin
Feb. 2010, Tokyo (Senior Vice-Minister)
Jun. 2012, Tokyo (Minister)
Feb. 2011, Rome (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Oct. 2009, Tokyo (Senior Vice-Minister)
Oct. 2009, Tokyo (Parliamentary Vice-Minister)
Jun. 2010, Singapore (Minister)
Sep. 2010, London (Parliamentary ViceMinister)
Dec. 2010, Manama (Parliamentary ViceMinister)
Apr. 2011, Tokyo (Parliamentary Vice-Minister)
Oct. 2011, Tokyo (Minister)
Jun. 2012, Singapore (Senior Vice-Minister)
May 2010, London (A.S.D.F. Chief)
Mar. 2011, Tokyo (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Aug. 2011, Tokyo (A.S.D.F. Chief)
Feb. 2012, London (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Jun. 2012, London (G.S.D.F. Chief)
(notes)
Notes: Japan–U.S.–Australia Defense Ministers’
Meeting
New Zealand
Oct. 2010, Tokyo (Minister)
Jun. 2012, Singapore (Senior Vice-Minister)
Canada
Aug. 2011, Tokyo (Viceministerial 2+2)
Jun. 2012, Singapore
France
Germany
Italy
United
Kingdom
Jun. 2011, Singapore
Jun. 2012, Signed
a Statement of
Intent
Nov. 2009, Tokyo
Feb. 2011, London
Nov. 2009, Tokyo
Feb. 2011, London
Jan. 2004, Signed
Memorandum
Jun. 2012, Signed
revision of
Memorandum
Multi-layered Security Cooperation with the International Community
May 2010, Tokyo (Minister) (Vice-Ministerial
level 2+2)
Oct. 2010, Hanoi (Minister)
Jun. 2011, Singapore (Minister)
Jun. 2012, Singapore (Senior Vice-Minister)
Jun. 2012, Singapore (Senior Vice-Minister)
Chapter 3
Pakistan
Australia
Europe/Middle East
Security treaties,
memorandum, etc.
May 2010, Dili (Senior Vice-Minister)
Oct. 2010, Tokyo (Senior Vice-Minister)
India
North
America
Consultation
among the defense
authorities
East Timor
Vietnam
South Asia
Dec. 2009, Bangkok. (Senior Vice-Minister)
Oct. 2010, Hanoi (Minister)
Jan. 2011, Bangkok. (Parliamentary ViceMinister)
Jan. 2012, Bangkok (Parliamentary ViceMinister)
Administrative Chief of Staff meeting
NATO
May 2010, Brussels (Parliamentary ViceMinister)
Bahrain
Dec. 2009, Manama (Senior Vice-Minister)
Dec. 2010, Manama (Parliamentary ViceMinister)
May 2012, Manama (Parliamentary ViceMinister)
May 2010, Brussels ( A.S.D.F. Chief)
Jul. 2010, Tokyo
Oct. 2011, Brussels
Jun. 2012, Tokyo
Apr. 2012, Signed
Memorandum
Apr. 2012, Tokyo
Turkey
Jun. 2010, Tokyo (M.S.D.F. Chief)
Feb. 2011, Ankara (M.S.D.F. Chief)
279
Part III Measures for Defense of Japan
1
Japan–Australia Defense Cooperation and Exchanges
The Significance of Defense Cooperation and
Multi-layered Security Cooperation with the International Community
Chapter 3
1 Exchange with Australia
280
Australia is an important partner for Japan in the Asia-Pacific
region: Japan and Australia are allies of the United States and
share not only fundamental values such as democracy, the rule
of law, respect for human rights, and capitalist economies,
but also strategic stakes and interests in the security field.
In particular, the norm that different countries should work
in concert to address global challenges has been becoming
widespread in the international community in recent years.
Therefore, as responsible countries in the Asia-Pacific region,
Japan and Australia are strengthening mutual cooperation
focused primarily on non-traditional security areas such as
humanitarian assistance and disaster relief activities.
In terms of Japan–Australia bilateral defense cooperation and
exchanges, the Japan–Australia Joint Declaration on Security
Cooperation1, the first such joint declaration in the realm of
security with a country other than the United States, was announced at the Japan-Australia summit meeting in March 2007.
It has been making steady progress since then and has now
reached the stage of more concrete and practical cooperation.
At the third Joint Foreign and Defense Ministerial Consultations (“2+2”) in May 2010, the Acquisition and CrossServicing Agreement (ACSA)2 and its Procedural Arrangement
were signed. During the Japan-Australia “2+2” and the JapanAustralia Defense Ministerial Meeting held on the same day as
the signing ceremony, as well as expressing hopes for Japanese
cooperation with the Australian Defense Force in frontline
activities such as United Nations peacekeeping operations
(PKO) and disaster relief, it was mentioned that the broadening
of the areas of future cooperation between our two countries
would be considered.
When the SDF and Australian Defense Force (ADF) engage
in PKO, international disaster relief, and other activities based
on the Japan-Australia ACSA, the reciprocal provision of
supplies and services such as water, food, fuel, and transport
becomes possible, and the strategic partnership between the two
countries is further facilitated and consolidated. Furthermore,
such facilitated and strengthened cooperation between Japan and
Australia is expected to contribute to the peace and prosperity
of the Asia-Pacific region, while also being conducive to
fostering an intraregional order through cooperation.
In addition, the conclusion of Japan’s first ACSA other
than the one concluded with the United States is considered
to be significant for Japan’s future defense cooperation and
exchanges.
Although Diet approval has been obtained for the JapanAustralia ACSA, prompt adjustment of domestic legislation is
necessary for its implementation. Moreover, the Japan-Australia
Information Security Agreement was signed in May 2012, with
the objective of promoting the sharing of information between.
Recent Major Achievements in Defense
2 Cooperation and Exchange
At the talks between Parliamentary Senior Vice-Minister of
Defense Watanabe and Australian Defense Minister Smith,
which was held in conjunction with the 11th IISS Asia Security
Summit (Shangri-La Dialogue) in June 2012, the two countries,
as close friends in the Asia-Pacific region, shared awareness
concerning the promotion of cooperation in various fields,
including in regard to international peace cooperation activities
and cooperation in equipment and technology-related fields.
In recent years, trilateral cooperation between Japan, the
United States, and Australia has been increasing. Japan and
Australia are both allied with the United States, and share fundamental values. They cooperate closely in order to resolve the
various challenges the Asia-Pacific region and the international
community are facing. In order to ensure the effectiveness and
efficiency of such cooperation, it is important that trilateral
cooperation be promoted among Japan, Australia and the United
States, whose presence is indispensable for regional peace and
stability.
At the Shangri-La Dialogue in June 2012, the 2nd Japan-U.
GSDF Chief of Staff Kimizuka participated in the signing ceremony for the official invitation
issued to the Australian army to participate in a joint Japan-U.S. training exercise (Tokyo,
February 2012)
1
See <http://www.mod.go.jp/j/press/youjin/2007/06/06d.html>
2
Official title: The Agreement between the Government of Japan and the Government of Australia concerning reciprocal provision of supplies and services between the SelfDefense Forces of Japan and the Australian Defense Force
Fig. Ⅲ−3−2−2 Recent Defense Cooperation and Exchanges with Australia (Past Three Years)
Dec. 2009
May 2010
May 2010
High-level talks
between heads
of state and
defense
Oct. 2010
Jun. 2011
Jun. 2012
Regular
discussions
between
defense ministry
representatives
Japan–Australia Summit Meeting (Tokyo)
☆Revision of the action plan to implement the Joint Declaration on Security Cooperation
•AgreementreachedtoworktowardatreatyregardingJapan–Australialogisticscooperation
Third Japan–Australia “2+2” meeting (Tokyo)
☆Discussions carried out regarding 1) Japan–Australia security cooperation (welcoming the signing of the ACSA, the expediting of negotiations regarding
a Japan–Australia treaty on protecting classified information, etc.), 2) Japan–U.S.–Australia cooperation, 3) the ROK’s patrol vessel sinking incident, 4)
military nuclear disarmament and non proliferation, 5) regional architecture, and 6) regional posture
Japan–Australia Defense Ministerial Meeting (Tokyo)
☆Views exchanged regarding 1) the security policies of both nations, 2) Japan–Australia defense cooperation, and 3) the regional security posture
Japan–Australia Defense Ministerial Meeting (Hanoi (ADMM-Plus))
☆Both sides concurred on the importance of moving into a phase of concrete implementation for future defense cooperation , such as joint training and the
use of ACSA in areas such as humanitarian aid and disaster relief.
Japan–Australia Defense Ministerial Meeting (Singapore, 10th Shangri-La Dialogue)
☆1) Both sides concurred on the vision of Japan–Australia security and defense cooperation, 2) Agreement on disaster prevention and disaster relief
between Japan and Australia. 3) Concurred on deepening discussion at “2+2” meetings about strengthening of Japan–U.S.–Australia cooperation.
Meeting between Parliamentary Senior Vice-Minister of Defense (Japan) and Australian Defense Minister (Singapore, 10th Shangri-La Dialogue)
☆Agreement reached to promote international peace cooperation and technical cooperation
Aug. 2009
Apr. 2010
Sep. 2010
Feb. 2011
Feb. 2011
Visit to Japan by Australian Deputy Chief of Army (6th PACC)
Visit to Japan by Australian Chief of Air Force
Visit to Australia by MSDF Chief of Staff
Visit to Australia by Chief of Joint Staff
Visit to Australia by ASDF Chief of Staff
Oct. 2009
Mar. 2010
Oct. 2010
Apr. 2011
Nov. 2011
14th Japan–Australia Military-Military Consultations (MM)
11th Japan–Australia Politico-Military Consultations (PM)
15th Japan–Australia Military-Military Consultations (MM)
12th Japan–Australia Politico-Military Consultations (PM)
16th Japan–Australia Military-Military Consultations (MM)
Jun. 2011
May 2012
Jun. 2012
Jun. 2012
Visit to Japan by Australian Chief of Air Force
Visit to Japan by Australian Chief of Navy
Visit to Australia by GSDF Chief of Staff
Visit to Australia by MSDF Chief of Staff
Multi-layered Security Cooperation with the International Community
Force, marking the first time that the Japan-U.S.-Australia joint
exercise had been held. In July 2011, the GSDF Chief of Staff
and the Australian Chief of Army agreed to promote future joint
training by dispatching observers to each other's joint training
with the U.S. military, with the objective of strengthening
relations between Japan, the U.S. and Australia, and , an
observer from the Australian Army was accepted for the first
time at the joint Japan-U.S. command post exercise, which took
place between the GSDF and the U.S. Army in February 2012.
Through these discussions and cooperation, understanding of
the situation can be shared by the three countries and policies
coordinated. After ASCA comes into force, it will be important
to further develop and deepen the collaborative relationship
among the three countries, by promoting trilateral cooperation
more proactively in the operational area such as disaster relief
and joint exercises.
(See Fig. III-3-2-2)
Chapter 3
S.-Australia Defense Ministerial Meeting (attended by Parliamentary Senior Vice-Minister of Defense Watanabe) was
held and the Joint Statement by the Japan-U.S.-Australia
Defense Leaders was issued for the first time, in which the
three participants agreed to deal with diverse security issues in
the Asia-Pacific region, based on the cooperative relationships
established among the three countries.
At the working level too, the Security and Defense Cooperation Forum (SDCF), which is a Director General-level meeting
among the three countries, has been held four times since April
2007, with discussions taking place on such issues as trilateral
defense cooperation. In addition to this, joint training exercises
were carried out in June 2012 for the fifth time, by Japan, the
United States, and Australia involving the MSDF, the U.S. Navy
and the Royal Australian Navy. Furthermore, in February 2012,
“Cope North Guam” took place in Guam with the participation
of the ASDF, the U.S. Air Force and the Royal Australian Air
Sep. 2009
May 2010
Implementation of Japan–Australia joint exercises (Maritime)
Aug. 2010
Jun. 2012
Unit-level
exchange, etc.
Jul. 2011
Jun. 2010
Implementation of Japan–Australia joint exercises (Air)
Multi-purpose assistance aircraft (U-4) deployed to Guam (exchange with Australian Air Force units as part of Japan–U.S.–Australia High-level Trilateral
Discussions)
Aug. 2010 Participation in the Australian hosted multinational joint maritime exercise “Kakadu 10”
May 2011 Dispatch of observers to Australian Army–sponsored shooting convention
Jul. 2011 Visit to Misawa Air Base by Australian Air Force aircraft (F/A-18, C-17)
Mar. 2012 Dispatch of ASDF transport aircraft (C-130) to Australia
Jun. 2012
Japan–U.S.–
Australia
trilateral
cooperation
Japan-U.S.-Australia Defense Ministerial Meeting (Singapore, 11th Shangri-La Dialogue)
☆Joint Statement issued and trilateral cooperation in regional security and stability confirmed
Nov. 2009
Jan. 2011
Japan-U.S.-Australia Security and Defense Cooperation Forum (SDCF)
Sep. 2009
Jun. 2010
Jul. 2011
Jun. 2012
Japan–U.S.–Australia joint exercises (Maritime)
Jun. 2010
Jan. 2011
Feb. 2012
Feb. 2012
Japan–U.S.–Australia High-level Trilateral Discussions (Guam: ASDF Chief of Staff, Commander, U.S. Pacific Air Forces, Australian Chief of Air Force)
Participation of Australian Air Force as observers in Japan-U.S. joint exercises “Cope North Guam“
Participation of Australian Army as observers in Japan-U.S. joint command post exercises
Japan-U.S.-Australia joint exercises “Cope North Guam” (Air)
281
Part III Measures for Defense of Japan
VOICE
Commentary
Q&A
Japan-US-Australia Joint Exercise –Cope North Guam –
Multi-layered Security Cooperation with the International Community
Chapter 3
Major Hirofumi Murai Western Air Defense Force Headquarters
As a F-2 pilot I participated in a joint exercise with
the US Air Force and Australia Air Force (Cope North
Guam) conducted in Guam in February 2012.
The exercise has been conducted every year since
FY1999 with the aim of enhancing Japan-US joint
coping capacity and tactical skills, but the Australian
Air Force participated for the first time.
Just like ASDF the Australian Air Force is in a close
relationship with the US Air Force and operates
fighters in a similar way. This was the first JapanUS-Australia joint exercise but we could carry out the
exercise without any anxiety.
Through the exercise I am deeply impressed by their
gentlemanly behavior and enthusiastic attitude to
actively try to deepen mutual understanding of tactics
between Japan and Australia. In this sense, I felt that
an exercise with Australian Air Force can be very
productive.
The author coordinating the exercise with pilots of
Australian Air Force in a briefing room (left)
At the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake in
March 2011, C-17 transport aircraft of Australian Air Force provided transport support in close coordination with JSDF and the
US force in Japan. Australian force is an important partner of JSDF. I hope that we can further deepen mutual collaboration and
cooperation not only in security areas but also in disaster relief and humanitarian support activities.
Group photo of the participants of 2011 Japan-US-Australia joint exercise
282
2
Japan–Republic of Korea Defense Cooperation and Exchanges
The Significance of Defense Cooperation and
1 Exchange with Republic of Korea
Chapter 3
Multi-layered Security Cooperation with the International Community
The Republic of Korea (ROK) has historically maintained
the closest relations with Japan in economic, cultural, and
other areas, and is extremely vital to Japan in geopolitical
terms. In addition, the two countries also share many strategic
interests and basic values as allies of the United States, such
as permitting the stationing of U.S. armed forces. Therefore,
the fact that the two countries collaborate closely on not only
the economic front, but also the security front, has enormous
significance for the peace and stability of the Asia-Pacific
region.
At the same time, both Japan and the ROK are confronted
with wide-ranging and complex security challenges including
not only the North Korean nuclear and missile issues, but also
counter-terrorism, peacekeeping operations, responding to
large-scale natural disasters, anti-piracy measures, and maritime
security. Therefore, for the two countries to effectively respond
to such security challenges, it is important to carry out more
broad-ranging and concrete defense cooperation.
With this in mind, at talks between the defense ministers of
the two countries held in January 2011, it was agreed to further
exchange views concerning an ACSA to enable reciprocal
provision of water, food, fuel, and so on in PKO activities,
humanitarian support, disaster relief, etc. Furthermore,
recognizing the importance of information sharing to promote
defense cooperation and exchanges between Japan and the
ROK, the two ministers also agreed to proceed with negotiations
for the contents of agreement on the protection of military
information between the defense authorities of their respective
countries. At the Japan-ROK Defense Ministers’ Meeting held
in June 2011, the ministers affirmed the importance of such
cooperation. Japan and the ROK are continuing negotiations
towards early conclusions.
countries, and the regional situation, including North Korea, in
order to strengthen defense cooperation between Japan and the
ROK.
With regard to interaction between the SDF and the ROK
Armed Forces, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of
ROK visited Japan in October 2011 and exchanged opinions
with the Joint Chief of Staff, Joint Staff, concerning the
strengthening of collaboration between Japan and the ROK
Armed Forces and the importance of cooperation in the event of
a natural disaster, sharing lessons learned from the Great East
Japan Earthquake.
Furthermore, as both Japan and the ROK are allied with the
United States, which plays an indispensable role for the peace
and stability of the Asia-Pacific region, trilateral cooperation
among Japan, the United States, and the ROK has been
developing in much the same way as it has among Japan, the
United States, and Australia. At the 11th Shangri-La Dialogue
in June 2012, a Japan-U.S.-ROK Defense Ministers Conference
(attended by Parliamentary Senior Vice-Minister of Defense
Watanabe) was held, at which the participants shared their
understanding of the regional security situation, including a
missile launch in April 2012 which North Korea calls "artificial
satellite", affirmed the importance of cooperation between the
three countries, and agreed to strengthen trilateral coordination
in policy making in order to deter provocative behavior by
North Korea, and decided to expand the range of cooperation
in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief for regional
peace and stability, maritime security, protecting the Freedom
of Navigation, and nonproliferation. In addition, the three
delegates stated to pursue trilateral talks between the defense
ministers at the Shangri-La Dialogue.
Furthermore, the Japan-U.S.-ROK joint exercise was conducted on the sea in the south waters of the ROK in June 2012,
Recent Major Achievements in Defense
2 Cooperation and Exchange
The defense authorities of Japan and ROK are promoting
mutual understanding and forging deeper relationships of
trust through working-level defense dialogues at the DirectorGeneral and Deputy Director level, and security dialogues in
which the foreign affairs authorities participate; in addition, the
defense ministers of the two countries have met almost every
year since 1994, taking turns to visit each other.
In November 2011, the Administrative Vice-Minister of
Defense visited ROK and held a vice-ministerial-level talk with
the Korean Vice-Minister of Defense. The two vice-ministers
exchanged opinions concerning defense policies of their two
Then Administrative Vice-Minister of Defense Nakae and South Korean Vice-Minister of
Defense Lee Young-geol (Seoul, November 2011)
283
Part III Measures for Defense of Japan
strengthening coordination and cooperation among the three
countries, which ROK contributes to the peace and stability of
the region.
Japan considers it important to continue developing future-
oriented cooperative relations with the ROK in the fields of
defense and security.
(See Fig. III-3-2-3)
Multi-layered Security Cooperation with the International Community
Chapter 3
Fig. Ⅲ−3−2−3 Recent Defense Cooperation and Exchanges with the ROK (Past Three Years)
High-level talks
between heads
of state and
defense
Regular
discussions
between
defense ministry
representatives
Unit-level
exchange, etc.
Japan–U.S.–
ROK trilateral
cooperation
284
Dec. 2009 Visit to the ROK by Parliamentary Secretary (Seoul)
☆Met with the ROK’s Minister of Defense, Vice-Minister of Defense, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Jun. 2010 Japan–ROK Defense Ministerial Meeting (Singapore, 9th Shangri-La Dialogue)
Jul. 2010 Visit to the ROK by Parliamentary Secretary (Seoul)
☆Meetings with the Vice-Minister of Defense, Senior Secretary to the President for Foreign Affairs and National Security, etc.
Jan. 2011 Japan–ROK Defense Ministerial Meeting (Seoul)
☆Exchange of views regarding the issue of North Korea and defense cooperation and exchange between Japan and ROK
Jun. 2011 Japan–ROK Defense Ministerial Meeting (Singapore, 10th Shangri-La Dialogue)
☆Exchanged opinions on North Korea issue, Japan–ROK defense cooperation and exchange
Apr. 2010
Dec. 2010
Jul. 2011
Oct. 2011
Nov. 2011
Visit to the ROK by MSDF Chief of Staff
Japan–ROK Defense Vice Ministerial Meeting (Tokyo)
Visit to Japan by Chief of Staff, the ROK’s Navy
Visit to Japan by Chairman, the ROK’s Joint Chiefs of Staff
Japan–ROK Defense Vice Ministerial Meeting (ROK)
Jul. 2009
Aug. 2009
Oct. 2009
Nov. 2009
Feb. 2010
Visit to the ROK by ASDF Chief of Staff
Visit to Japan by Chief of Staff, the ROK’s Army (6th PACC)
Visit to the ROK by ASDF Chief of Staff
Visit to the ROK by GSDF Chief of Staff
Visit to the ROK by Chief of Staff of the Joint Staff
Oct. 2009
Oct. 2009
Dec. 2009
Jul. 2010
Dec. 2010
Jul. 2011
17th Japan–ROK Working-level Defense Dialogue (Assistant Vice Minister talks)
3rd Japan–ROK Working-level Defense Dialogue Working Group (Department chief-level talks)
9th Japan–ROK Security Dialogue (Discussions by foreign affairs/defense representatives)
18th Japan–ROK Working-level Defense Dialogue (Assistant Vice Minister talks)
4th Japan–ROK Working-level Defense Dialogue Working Group (Department chief-level talks)
19th Japan–ROK Working-level Defense Dialogue (Assistant Vice Minister talks)
Jul. 2009 Japan–ROK joint search and rescue exercise
Sep. 2009 Japan–ROK commanders’ course student exchange (Japan,
ROK, Air)
Oct. 2009 Japan–ROK basic level officer exchange (Japan, Ground)
Nov. 2009 Japan–ROK mid-level officer exchange (Japan, Air)
Nov. 2009 Japan–ROK lower enlisted exchange (Japan, Ground)
Jan. 2010 Visit to the ROK by Commanding General of the Western
Army
Mar. 2010 Japan–ROK basic level officer exchange (ROK, Ground)
Apr. 2010 Japan–ROK mid-level officer exchange (ROK, Air)
Jul. 2010 Japan–ROK mid-level officer exchange (Japan, Air)
Sep. 2010 Visit to Japan by the ROK Air Force Southern Combat
Commander
Sep. 2010 Japan–ROK commanders’ course student exchange (ROK,
Air)
Oct. 2010 Japan–ROK basic level officer exchange (Japan, Ground)
Oct. 2010 Visit to Japan by the ROK Army Second Field Army
Commander (GSDF)
Dec. 2010 Japan–ROK lower enlisted exchange (ROK, Ground)
Jul. 2011 Visit to the ROK by Commander of the Western Air Defense
Force
Sep. 2011 Japan–ROK commanders’ course student exchange (ROK,
Air)
Oct. 2011 Participation in the Gyeryong Military Cultural Festival by
the GSDF Central Band
Nov. 2011 Japan–ROK joint search and rescue exercise
Nov. 2011 Visit to the ROK by Commanding General of the Western
Army
Nov. 2011 Japan–ROK commanders’ course student exchange (ROK,
MSDF)
Nov. 2011 Visit to the ROK by MSDF patrol aircraft P-3C (MSDF)
Apr. 2012 Visit to Japan by the ROK Army Second Field Army
Commander (GSDF)
Jul. 2009 Japan–U.S.–ROK Defense Trilateral Talks
Jun. 2010 Japan–U.S.–ROK Defense Ministerial Meeting (Singapore, 9th Shangri-La Dialogue)
☆Exchanged views regarding the sinking incident of the ROK’s patrol vessel
Jul. 2010 Dispatch of MSDF officers as observers to U.S.–ROK joint military exercise
Dec. 2010 Participation of observers from the ROK in Japan–U.S. joint exercise
Jan. 2012 Japan–U.S.–ROK Defense Trilateral Talks
Jun. 2012 Japan–U.S.–ROK Defense Ministerial Meeting (Singapore, 11th Shangri-La Dialogue)
☆A press release was issued. Three ministers shared a common recognition on the regional security situation while reaffirming the
value of trilateral defense cooperation.
Jun. 2012 Japan–U.S.–ROK joint exercise (MSDF)
3
Japan–India Defense Cooperation and Exchanges
The Significance of Defense Cooperation and
1 Exchange with India
Multi-layered Security Cooperation with the International Community
1
In November 2011, Indian Defense Minister Antony visited
Japan and held talks with the Japanese Minister of Defense.
At these talks, as well as exchanging opinions concerning the
regional security situation, the two ministers were in accord
that the cooperative relationship between Japan and India
in the field of maritime security is important, and noted that
defense cooperation between the two countries is progressing
steadily, through such developments as agreements concerning
reciprocal visits by the MSDF and the Indian Navy, the first
bilateral exercise involving Japan and India, and reciprocal
visits between the GSDF and the Indian Army by troops in
relation to education and training concerning international
peace cooperation activities; this situation was welcomed in the
Japan-India Joint Statement. In June, 2012, the first Bilateral
exercise was carried out between MSDF and Indian Navy off
the coast of the sagami Gulf based on the joint.
(See Fig. III-3-2-4)
Chapter 3
India is located in the center of sea lanes which connect Japan
with the Middle East and Africa, making it an extremely
important country in a geopolitical sense for Japan, which relies
on maritime transportation for most of its trade. Furthermore,
Japan and India share fundamental values, as well as having
a common interest in the peace, stability, and prosperity of
Asia and the world, and have constructed a strategic global
partnership. Therefore, in recent years both Japan and India
have been strengthening relations in security areas.
In October 2008, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh of India
visited Japan and the two Prime Ministers signed the Joint
Declaration on Security Cooperation between Japan and India
(Joint Declaration)1, which is a joint declaration regarding
the area of security coming after similar declarations with
the United States and Australia. This is the third country with
whom a joint declaration has been signed in the area of security.
This Joint Declaration specifies that cooperation will be conducted between the two defense authorities by way of, for
example, meetings between the Defense Ministers, meetings
between the Vice-Minister of Defense of Japan and the Defense
Secretary of India including Defense Policy Dialogue, militaryto-military talks at the Director General/Joint Secretary-level,
and service-to-service exchanges including bilateral and multilateral exercises. The declaration serves as a guideline for future
cooperation in security areas between Japan and India.
Moreover, in December 2009 the then Prime Minister
Hatoyama visited India. Together with the Indian Prime Minister Singh, he formulated the Action Plan to promote security
cooperation between Japan and India. The Action Plan includes
items for the actual promotion of cooperation in maritime
security such as cooperation in anti-piracy activities and the
holding of joint exercises at sea.
Furthermore, in December 2011, when Prime Minister Noda
visited India, he agreed to further efforts to reinforce the Strategic Global Partnership between Japan and India, which in
2012 are celebrating the 60th anniversary of the establishment
of diplomatic relations between the two countries, as well as
strengthening cooperation in the field of maritime security,
in regard to the political and security-related aspects. These
outcomes were issued as the Japan-India Joint Statement.
Recent Major Achievements in Defense
2 Cooperation and Exchange
Then Minister of Defense Ichikawa and Indian Defense Minister Antony inspecting the
troops (Tokyo, November 2011)
See <http://www.mod.go.jp/j/press/kisha/2009/11/09.html>
285
Part III Measures for Defense of Japan
Fig. Ⅲ−3−2−4 Recent Defense Cooperation and Exchanges with India (Past Three Years)
Multi-layered Security Cooperation with the International Community
Chapter 3
High-level talks
between heads
of state and
defense
286
Nov. 2009 Japan–India Defense Ministerial Meeting (Tokyo)
☆Views were exchanged regarding bilateral defense cooperation and exchanges, as well as the regional security posture (joint press
release)
Dec. 2009 Japan–India Summit meeting (Delhi)
☆Joint statement announced entitled “A New Stage of Japan–India Strategic and Global Partnership”
☆Action plan prepared to move forward with Japan–India security cooperation (vice-ministerial “2+2” dialogue and implementation
of joint exercises were announced)
Apr. 2010 Japan–India Defense Ministerial Meeting (Delhi)
☆Views exchanged regarding defense cooperation and exchanges between the two countries and maritime security. Both sides
shared the view to deepen bilateral cooperation in the areas of antipiracy, U.N. PKO, and humanitarian assistance and disaster
relief
Nov. 2011 Japan–India Defense Ministerial Meeting (Tokyo)
☆Opinions exchanged regarding bilateral defense cooperation and exchanges, as well as the maritime security and regional situation
(Joint press release issued)
Dec. 2011 Japan–India Summit meeting (Delhi)
☆An expansion of cooperation in maritime security confirmed
Aug. 2009 Visit to Japan by Indian Army Chief of Staff (6th PACC)
Jul. 2010 1st Japan–India Vice-Ministrial “2+2” Dialogue (Delhi)
2nd Japan–India Defense Policy Dialogue (Delhi)
Sep. 2010 Visit to Japan by India’s Chief of Naval Staff
Visit to Japan by Indian Air Force Chief of Air Staff
Feb. 2011 Visit to India by Chief of Staff of GSDF
Regular
Oct. 2009 1st India–Japan Maritime Security Dialogue
discussions
Apr. 2010 7th Japan–India Comprehensive Security Dialogue, 6th Japan–India Military-Military Talks
between
May 2011 8th Japan–India Comprehensive Security Dialogue, 7th Japan–India Military-Military Talks
defense ministry
representatives
Unit-level
exchange, etc.
4
Aug. 2011 Japan-India training exercise observer (Japan, Ground)
Jan. 2012 Japan-India training exercise observer (India, Ground)
Jun. 2012 Japan-India joint exercise (MSDF)
Japan–China Defense Exchanges and Cooperation
The Significance of Defense Exchange and
1 Cooperation with China
China’s economic development and the modernization of its
military capabilities in recent years have raised its presence
within the international community. Although there are
pending issues with China, such as slow progress of JapanChina bilateral cooperation resource development in the
East China Sea and the question of transparency in regard
to military capabilities, comprehensive promotion by Japan
and China of the “Mutually Beneficial Relationship Based
on Common Strategic Interests”1, and further deepening of
friendly and cooperative relations are the common interests of
both countries. Furthermore, continuing to promote defense
exchanges in a continuous and stable manner without being
swayed by political circumstances will not only bolster mutual
understanding and trust between Japan and China and increase
the transparency of China’s defense policy, but is also essential
to the peace and stability of the Asia-Pacific region.
1
See <http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/kaidan/s_abe/cn_kr_06/china_kpress.html>
2
See <http://www.mod.go.jp/j/press/kisha/2009/11/27b.html>
Recent Major Achievements in
2 Defense Exchange
Japan and China have hitherto been striving to promote defense
exchange at various levels, as well as seeking to increase
mutual understanding and relationships of trust, based on the
approach of comprehensively promoting a “Mutually Beneficial
Relationship Based on Common Strategic Interests”.
At the ministerial level, at a meeting held in Tokyo in
November 2009, agreement was reached on considering and
exchanging views on implementing concrete bilateral cooperation, including the implementation of joint exercises related to
maritime search and rescue, sharing experiences and cooperation concerning humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, and
swiftly establishing a maritime communication mechanism
between the Japanese and Chinese defense authorities. The
ministers also released a Joint Press Statement2 and after the
meeting held their first-ever joint press conference.
Furthermore, at the Japan-China Defense Ministerial Meeting
The MSDF destroyer Kirisame (left, rear) alongside the Chinese naval vessel Shenyang (right,
foreground), while calling at the port of Qingdao in China (December 2011)
Multi-layered Security Cooperation with the International Community
the Jinan Military Region of the Chinese People's Liberation
Army visited the GSDF Middle Army, while in March 2012, the
Commanding General of the GSDF Middle Army visited the
Jinan Military Region.
Furthermore, officer-level exchanges between Japan and
China have been implemented since 2001, organized by the
Sasakawa Peace Foundation. Although it is implemented by
a private sector body, this project fulfills a significant role not
only in the promotion of mutual understanding and relationships
of trust between the leaders of the defense authorities of these
two countries, but also in increasing the coverage of defense
exchanges themselves.
Hereafter, as part of efforts to construct a “Mutually Beneficial Relationship Based on Common Strategic Interests”, it will
be essential to strive to promote mutual trust and understanding
between Japan and China at various levels and in a wider range
of areas, while also actively promoting concrete cooperation in
non-traditional security areas, such as anti-piracy measures.
(See Fig. III-3-2-5)
Chapter 3
held at the 6th IISS Asia Security Summit in Singapore in
June 2011, the two countries agreed that advancing dialogue
between the defense authorities of the two countries in a calm
manner and promoting Japan-China defense exchanges in a
stable fashion was the basis for such a “Mutually Beneficial
Relationship Based on Common Strategic Interests”, and
that this would lead to the strengthening of trust and friendly
relations, as well as improving the transparency of defense
and other policies. Accordingly, the ministers confirmed their
intention to continue to develop Japan-China defense exchange.
At the vice-ministerial-level, in July 2011, the Chief of Staff
of the Chinese People's Liberation Army visited Japan and the
9th Japan-China Defense Authorities Talks (vice-ministeriallevel) took place after a gap of about three years; both sides
agreed to promote sound and stable progress in Japan-China
defense exchange in a range of fields and at a variety of levels,
through calm, candid dialogue between the defense authorities
of the two countries.
Furthermore, in light of the intensifying maritime activities
of the Chinese Navy, etc. in recent years, the construction
of a maritime communication mechanism between the two
countries’ defense authorities has become an urgent matter. At
the June 2011 Japan-China Defense Ministerial Meeting, then
Defense Minister Kitazawa requested that the Chinese Navy
prevent the recurrence of incidents in which Chinese naval
aircraft approach MSDF vessels, and the two agreed to hold
the 3rd Working-Level Talks in the near future. Based on it, the
Talks was held in June 2012 in order to establish a maritime
communication mechanism.
In regard to exchanges between troops, since 2007, the
Chinese Navy destroyer Shenzhen and training vessel Zhenghe
have visited Japan, while the MSDF destroyers Sazanami
and, most recently (in December 2011), Kirisame have visited
China. Moreover, in June 2010, the Commanding General of
287
Part III Measures for Defense of Japan
Multi-layered Security Cooperation with the International Community
Chapter 3
Fig. Ⅲ−3−2−5 Recent Defense Cooperation and Exchanges with China (Past Three Years)
288
High-level talks
between heads
of state and
defense
Nov. 2009 Japan–China Defense Ministerial Meeting (Tokyo)
☆Announced a “joint press release”
☆Agreed to such items as a visit to China by the Defense Minister, joint training for search and rescue at sea, exchange between
the army corps of the GSDF and those of the PLA (starting in 2010), Senior Officials Defense Dialogues and Staff talks, and the
exchanging views toward the sharing of experience and cooperation regarding humanitarian aid and disaster relief
☆Held the first ever joint press conference
Oct. 2010 Japan–China Defense Ministerial Talk (Hanoi (ADMM-Plus))
☆Both countries concurred on the importance of returning to the basic focus and promote a “strategic mutual relationship”
☆The two defense authorities concurred on the need to establish a marine communication mechanism as soon as possible
☆Both sides concurred on the importance of moving dialogues forward in a calm manner, further deepening mutual understanding,
and develop Japan–China defense exchange in the future
Jan. 2011 12th Japan-China Security Dialogue (Discussions by defense/foreign affairs deputy ministers)
Jun. 2011 Japan–China Defense Ministerial Meeting (Singapore, 10th Shangri-La Dialogue)
☆Both defense authorities concurred on the importance of moving the dialogue forward in a calm manner, promoting Japan–China
defense exchanges stably, which leads to the basic focus of “strategic mutual relationship ”further enhancing bilateral trust and
friendship and improving transparency of defense policies.
☆Concurred on holding the 3rd Working-Level Talks at an earliest possible time towards establishing a maritime liaison mechanism
between defense authorities.
Jul. 2011 9th Japan-China defense representatives meeting (Vice Ministerial talks)
Dec. 2011 Japan-China Summit Meeting (Beijing)
☆Concurred on the importance of developing a “mutually beneficial relationship based on common strategic interests” is
important. “High-Level Consultation on Maritime Affairs” was established as a platform for interactions between maritime-related
organizations of the two countries
Jul. 2009 Visit to China by MSDF Chief of Staff
Nov. 2009 Visit to China by ASDF Chief of Staff
Feb. 2010 Visit to China by GSDF Chief of Staff
Regular
discussions
Jul. 2010 2nd Working-Level Talks on Maritime Communication Mechanism between Japan and China’s defense authorities
between
Jun. 2012 3rd Working-Level Talks on Maritime Communication Mechanism between Japan and China’s defense authorities
defense ministry
representatives
Unit-level
exchange, etc.
Jun. 2010 Visit to Japan by People’s Liberation Army Jinan Military Region Commander
<Mutual visit of military vessels>
Visit to Japan by the Chinese training vessel Teiwa
Nov. 2009
Visit to China by the MSDF destroyer Kirisame
Dec. 2011
Mar. 2012 Visit to China by Commanding General of the GSDF Middle Army
5
Japan–Russia Defense Exchanges and Cooperation
The Significance of Defense Exchange and
1 Cooperation with Russia
Defense exchanges with Russia have not been very active
in recent years partly influenced by the reorganization of the
Russian Army. However, in September 2011, the MSDF and
the Russian Navy held the 12th Japan-Russia Joint Search and
Rescue Exercise and Russian naval vessels visited Japan.
(See Fig. III-3-2-6)
Chapter 3
Chief of Joint Staff Iwasaki and Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia
Makarov (Moscow, June 2012)
Fig. Ⅲ−3−2−6 Recent Defense Cooperation and Exchanges with Russia (Past three years)
Jun. 2011
High-level talks
between heads
of state and
defense
Meeting between Minister of Defense and Russian Deputy Prime Minister (Singapore, 10th Shangri-La Dialogue)
☆Agreement reached that developing mutual understanding and strengthening a trustful relationship through defense
exchanges are vital
Jun. 2010
Sep. 2010
Jun. 2012
Visit to Japan by Air Force Commander in Chief
Visit to Japan by Russian Army’s Chief of the General Staff
Visit to Russia by Chief of Joint Staff
Regular
Jul. 2010
discussions
Jul. 2010
between
defense ministry Apr. 2012
representatives
5th Japan–Russia Security Talks (Moscow)
10th Consultation between the Japanese and Russian defense authorities
6th Japan–Russia Security Talks
Working-level
exchange
Oct. 2009
5th Japan–Russia Security Talks (Moscow)
Unit-level
exchange, etc.
Sep.-Oct. 2009
Jul. 2010
Oct. 2010
Sep. 2011
Participation by Russian Ground Forces observers in GSDF exercises
Visit to Russia by MSDF vessels (11th Joint Japan–Russia search and rescue exercises)
Visit to Japan by Russian Navy’s submarine
Visit to Japan by Russian naval vessels (12th Joint Japan–Russia search and rescue exercises)
Multi-layered Security Cooperation with the International Community
Russia has great influence on the security of Europe, Central
Asia, and the Asia-Pacific region, and is a neighboring country
of Japan. It is therefore very important for Japan to deepen
defense exchanges and promote mutual trust and cooperation
with Russia. As Japan–Russia relations have continuously been
developing in a wide range of areas, the Ministry of Defense
and SDF have been steadily promoting exchanges with Russia
at various levels in accordance with the Memorandum on
Japan–Russia Defense Exchanges drawn up in 1999 (revised
in 2006). Security consultations between foreign and defense
authorities, and Military-Military Talks at the Director Generallevel and Councilor-level, as well as annual meetings based on
the Japan–Russia Agreement on Prevention of Incidents On and
Over the High Seas and joint search and rescue exercises are all
held continuously.
Recent Major Achievements in
2 Defense Exchange
289
Part III Measures for Defense of Japan
Column
VOICE
Commentary
Q&A
Voice of a Defense Attaché (ASDF)
Multi-layered Security Cooperation with the International Community
Chapter 3
Colonel Shinju Terauchi Defense Attaché at Japanese Embassy in Russian Federation
Russia, “our neighboring country,” has a huge impact on the security of the Asia-Pacific region including Europe and Central Asia.
Consequently, it is essential for Japan’s security to promote mutual trust and a cooperative relationship through defense exchanges
between Japan and Russia.
At Japanese Embassy in Moscow I am currently working on a variety of plans concerning defense exchange between the two
countries. For example, I am groping for a new form of defense exchanges such as mutual visits between ASDF transport aircrafts
and Russian transport air force as unit-level exchange. For the success of such a defense exchange, I am making efforts to realize
exchanges in cooperation with the Defense Ministry of Russia and the Russian Eastern District Army Headquarters as well as the
relevant organizations on the Japanese side.
I am flying around from east to west of the vast Eurasia over nine time zones to a planning meeting with the Defense Ministry of
Russia in Moscow and then with the Eastern District Army Headquarters in Khabarovsk where exchanges are planned to be held,
for example.
My task is to prepare “stage” for players of the defense exchanges and support realization of productive “exchange.” I will be very
happy as a Defense Attaché if the defense exchange builds a bridge of security cooperation in Far East and with “our neighboring
country.”
The author in Russia (third from the left)
290
6
Defense Cooperation and Exchanges with Southeast Asian Countries
Indonesia accounts for the majority of the land and population
of Southeast Asia and is a major power in the region, as well
as being the largest island country in the world. In the talks
between Parliamentary Senior Vice-Minister of Defense
Watanabe and Defense Minister Purnomo during the June 2012
Shangri-La Dialogue, as well as during Minister Purnomo's
visit to Japan in January 2011, Japan exchanged opinions with
Indonesia regarding the holding of regular discussions between
the defense ministers of the two countries, as well as concerning
a memorandum on defense cooperation and cooperation in the
ADMM-Plus framework. In addition to this, great progress has
been made in defense cooperation and exchange through the
visit to Japan by the Vice-Minister of Defense in September
2011, as well as talks at the army, navy and air force chief of
staff level held during FY2011. In particular, when Minister
Purnomo visited Japan in January 2011, Indonesia presented
Japan with the gift of a bronze statue of General Sudirman,
who had close links to Japan. This statue of the General
symbolizes the development of friendship and amicable
cooperation between Japan and Indonesia. Moreover, when
President Yudhoyono visited Japan in June 2011, he and then
Prime Minister Kan agreed to institute regular talks between the
defense ministers of their countries. There have been numerous
developments at the working level, including the discussions
2 Vietnam
Vietnam is a major power in Southeast Asia, and is a strategic
partner for peace and prosperity in Asia. Japan is deepening
cooperation with Vietnam, not only in economic fields, but also
in the fields of security and defense. A Japan-Vietnam Joint
Statement was published when Vietnamese Prime Minister
Dung visited Japan in October 2011; in addition, the same
month, Defense Minister Thanh became the first Vietnamese
Defense Minister to visit Japan in 13 years, holding talks
with Japan's Minister of Defense at which the two ministers
exchanged opinions concerning the international and regional
security situations, including maritime security. Following
the talks, the two ministers signed a memorandum concerning
Japan-Vietnam defense cooperation and exchange, and agreed
to promote high-level exchanges, regular dialogue at the viceministerial level, and cooperation in such fields as humanitarian
aid and disaster relief, so it was an important visit in terms
of the development of the strategic partnership. Moreover, in
January 2012, Parliamentary Vice-Minister of Defense Shimojo
visited Vietnam, where, as well as making a courtesy visit to
Defense Minister Thanh, he conducted an exchange of opinions
with the Vietnamese Vice-Minister of Defense, discussing the
regional affairs, as well as Japan-Vietnam defense cooperation.
Thus, Japan has put in place a memorandum on defense
cooperation and exchange with Vietnam, as well as developing
defense cooperation and exchange frameworks, such as for
high-level exchange.
In addition, in December 2011, the 2nd Japan-Vietnam
Strategic Partnership Dialogue (between the foreign affairs and
Multi-layered Security Cooperation with the International Community
1 Indonesia
involving the foreign affairs and defense authorities that began
in November 2011, discussions between the defense authorities
alone, and the sharing of knowledge and experience through
various education and research exchange initiatives.
Chapter 3
Southeast Asian countries are located in an area strategically
important for maritime traffic that connects Japan with the
Middle East and Europe, and have long been traditional partners, having close economic relations with Japan. Promoting
trust and cooperative relations for issues in various security
challenges with these countries is meaningful for both Japan
and Southeast Asian countries. Moreover, as the countries
of Southeast Asia are members of ADMM-Plus and ARF, it
is important to build relationships of trust and cooperation
with each country, with a view to cooperation in multilateral
frameworks.
In particular, as well as the interaction with Indonesia,
Vietnam, Singapore and the Philippines detailed below, Japan
is engaged in active exchanges of opinions with Cambodia,
Malaysia and Thailand at various levels, concerning approaches
to defense cooperation and exchange, and frameworks for
regional security cooperation. In addition, Japan is proactively
engaged in discussions with defense officials, unit exchanges,
and the dispatch and hosting of international students.
Furthermore, we are also striving to strengthen relationships
with Myanmar, Brunei Darussalam, and Laos, with which
defense cooperation and exchange has not been very intensive.
Then Minister of Defense Ichikawa and Vietnamese Defense Minister Thanh signing the
Memorandum of Understanding on Japan-Vietnam Defense Cooperation and Exchange
(Tokyo, October 2011)
291
Part III Measures for Defense of Japan
defense authorities of the two countries) and talks between the
Japanese and Vietnamese defense authorities alone took place
in December 2011. It is significant to strengthen relationships
in order to achieve more concrete, practical cooperation, with
the memorandum on defense cooperation and exchange as the
cornerstone of this.
Multi-layered Security Cooperation with the International Community
Chapter 3
3 Singapore
292
In December 2009, Singapore became the first country in
Southeast Asia with which Japan concluded a memorandum
on defense cooperation and exchange, and cooperative
relationships progress steadily based on this memorandum. In
particular, MM talks between the defense authorities of Japan
and Singapore have the longest history of any of Japan's defense
discussions with the countries of Southeast Asia; in November
2011, 12th MM talks was held in Singapore and various issues
were discussed including regional situation and security issues.
In terms of high-level exchange, at the Shangri-La Dialogue
in June 2012, Parliamentary Senior Vice-Minister of Defense
Watanabe held talks with Singaporean Defense Minister Dr.
Ng, at which they exchanged opinions concerning the regional
situation and maritime security, as well as agreeing to engage
in further cooperation in the ADMM-Plus Military Medicine
Expert Working Group (EWG), which the two countries cochair.
the working level officials, including visits by naval vessels and
discussions between the defense authorities of the two countries.
In particular, exchanges between the MSDF and the Philippine
Navy were discussed at the first Japan-Philippines Dialogue
on Maritime and Oceanic Affairs, which was held in Tokyo
in September 2011. In the Japan-Philippines Joint Statement
issued by President Aquino and Prime Minister Noda at the time
of the former's visit to Japan the same month, the two leaders
welcomed the Japan-Philippines Dialogue on Maritime and
Oceanic Affairs and agreed that they would promote exchange
and cooperation between the defense authorities of the two
countries, through such initiatives as reciprocal visits at the
naval chief of staff level and port calls in the Philippines by the
MSDF vessels. Having been stipulated in the Joint Statement,
the MSDF Chief of Staff visited the Philippines in November
2011, while the Flag Officer of the Philippine Navy visited
Japan in April 2012; in addition, talks between the foreign
affairs and defense authorities of both countries and between the
defense authorities alone were held in Manila in March 2012.
(See Fig. III-3-2-7)
4 The Philippines
As well as high-level exchanges with the Philippines, such as
the September 2011 visit to Japan by Undersecretary of the
Philippine Department of National Defense and the June 2012
visit to Philippines by Parliamentary Senior Vice-Minister of
Defense Watanabe, there have been frequent exchanges among
Chief of Naval Staff Sugimoto and Philippine Navy Flag Officer in Command Pama (Tokyo,
April 2012)
Feb. 2012 Visit Brunei by Administrative Vice-Minister of Defense
May 2012 Visit to Japan by Bruneian Deputy Minister of Defense
Cambodia
May 2010 Visit to Cambodia by Senior Vice-Minister of Defense
Oct. 2010 Senior Vice-Minister of Defense participates in meeting (Hanoi (ADMM-Plus))
☆ Exchange opinions on Japan-Cambodia defense cooperation and international cooperation activities. Concurred on deepening JapanCambodia defense cooperation in areas of maritime security and capability building support
Indonesia
Jan. 2010 Visit to Indonesia by Administrative Vice-Minister of Defense
Jun. 2010 Visit to Indonesia by Chief of Joint Staff
Oct. 2010 Japan–Indonesia Defense Ministerial Meeting (Hanoi (ADMM-Plus))
☆ Exchange opinions on the promotion of Japan-Indonesia defence exchange, and issues concerning maritime security.
Jan. 2011 Visit to Indonesia by Parliamentary Vice-Minister of Defense
Jan. 2011 Japan-Indonesia Defense Ministerial Meeting (Tokyo)
☆ A unveiling ceremony of the statue of General Sudirman endowed by Indonesia was held before the meeting. At the meeting two ministers
exchanged opinions on the ARF disaster field training exercise, Japan-Indonesia defense cooperation and regional security cooperation.
Japan–Indonesia Defense Ministerial Meeting (Singapore, 10th Shangri-La Dialogue)
Jun. 2011 ☆ Exchange opinions on Japan–Indonesia defense cooperation and regional situation and concurred that both sides closely cooperate in the
fields of disaster relief and maritime security, while deepening Japan–Indonesia defense cooperation.
Japan-Indonesia Summit Meeting (Tokyo)
Jun. 2011 ☆ Concurred on regular holding of Defence Minister meetings, holding of consultations on policy and security issues between the authorities
of defence and foreign affairs and cooperation in the field of defence.
Visit to Indonesia by the ASDF Chief
Sep. 2011 Visit to Indonesia by the MSDF Chief
Nov. 2011 Visit to Indonesia by Administrative Vice-Minister of Defense
Feb. 2012 Meeting between Parliamentary Senior Vice-Minister of Defense and Indonesian Minister of Defence (Singapore, 11th Shangri-La Dialogue)
Jun. 2012 ☆ Exchange opinions on ADMM-Plus-related cooperation and memorandum on defense cooperation.
Laos
Mar. 2010 Japan-Laos Summit Meeting
☆ Confirmed the promotion of human interaction in the fields of security and defence.
May 2010 Visit to Laos by Senior Vice-Minister of Defense
Mar. 2012 Japan-Laos Summit Meeting
☆ Confirmed the promotion of exchange in the fields of security and defence.
Jun. 2012 Japan-Laos Administrative Vice Ministerial Talk (Singapore, 11th Shangri-La Dialogue)
Malaysia
Aug. 2009 Visit to Japan by the Commander of the Royal Malaysian Navy
Jan. 2010 Visit to Malaysia by Administrative Vice-Minister of Defense
Jan. 2011 Visit to Malaysia by Parliamentary Secretary of State for Defense
Myanmar
Feb. 2012 Visit to Myanmar by Administrative Vice-Minister of Defense
Philippines
Oct. 2010 Senior Vice-Minister of Defense participates in meeting (Hanoi (ADMM-Plus))
☆ Exchange opinions on the regional affairs, as well as the security environment of the surrounding area of Japan. Concurred on deepening
the cooperation between Japan-Philippine defense authorities.
Jan. 2011 Visit the Philippines by Parliamentary Vice-Minister of Defense.
Sep. 2011 Japan-Philippines Summit Meeting.
☆ Issued Japan-Philippines joint statement and concurred on assigning a bilateral strategic partnership.
Nov. 2011 Visit to the Philippines by MSDF Chief.
Apr. 2012 Visit to Japan by Flag Officers in Command of the Philippine Navy.
Jun. 2012 Visit to the Philippines by Chief of Joint Staff.
Jun. 2012 Visit to the Philippines by Parliamentary Senior Vice-Minister of Defense (PP, etc.)
Singapore
Sep. 2009 Visit to Japan by the Chief of Army, Singapore Army
Nov. 2009 Japan–Singapore Vice-Ministerial Meeting (Tokyo)
Dec. 2009 Japan–Singapore Defense Ministerial Meeting (Tokyo)
☆ Exchange opinions on the defense policies of both countries, defense exchange, and the regional security posture
☆ Memorandum on Defense Exchanges signed
Feb. 2010 Visit to Singapore by MSDF Chief of Staff
Jun. 2010 Japan–Singapore Defense Ministerial Meeting (Singapore, 9th Shangri-La Dialogue)
☆ Concurred on the promotion defence cooperation and exchange in accordance with the memorundum on defence exchange developed in
the previous fiscal year.
Oct. 2010 Japan-Singapore Defense Ministerial Meeting (Hanoi (ADMM-Plus))
☆ The Singapore side explained the process of the ADMM-Plus establishment. The Singapore side stated that the participation of Pluscountries (including Japan) is welcomed.
Jan. 2011 Visit to Singapore by the Administrative Vice-Minister of Defense
Feb. 2011 Visit to Singapore by GSDF Chief of Staff Hibako
Jun. 2011 Japan–Singapore Defense Ministerial Meeting (Singapore, 10th Shangri-La Dialogue)
☆ Singapore expressed strong interest towards lessons learned in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake and two ministers concurred
on the recognition that capabilities to respond to disaster should be regionally improved while sharing such information among countries
in the region.
Jun. 2012 Meeting between the Parliamentary Senior Vice-Minister of Defense and the Singaporean Minister of Defence (Singapore, 11th Shangri-La
Dialogue)
☆ Confirmed that both countries would work cooperatively as joint chair countries to serve for ADMM-Plus military medicine EWG
Thailand
Dec. 2009 Visit to Thailand by Parliamentary Senior Vice-Minister of Defense
Aug. 2010 Visit to Japan by Royal Thai Navy Commander
Oct. 2010 Japan–Thailand Defense Ministerial Meeting (Hanoi (ADMM-Plus))
☆ Exchange opinions on Japan-Thailand defense cooperation, and on the support and cooperation of anti-piracy activities off the coast of
Somalia.
Jan. 2011 Visit to Thailand by the Parliamentary Vice-Minister of Defense.
Jan. 2011 Visit to Thailand by the Administrative Vice-Minister of Defense.
Jun. 2011 Visit to Thailand by the M.S.D.F. Chief.
Jan. 2012 Visit to Thailand by the Parliamentary Vice-Minister of Defense.
Multi-layered Security Cooperation with the International Community
Brunei
Chapter 3
High-level talks between heads of state and defense
Fig. Ⅲ−3−2−7 Recent Defense Cooperation and Exchanges with ASEAN Countries (Past Three Years)
293
294
High-level talks between heads of state and defense
May 2010
Oct. 2010
Oct. 2011
Mar. 2012
Vietnam
Jan. 2010 Visit to Vietnam by the Administrative Vice-Minister of Defense
Feb. 2010 Visit to Vietnam by M.S.D.F. Chief of Staff
Oct. 2010 Japan–Vietnam Defense Ministerial Meeting (Hanoi (ADMM-Plus))
☆ Exchange views on Japan–Vietnam defense cooperation and regional situations. Two ministers concurred on the recognition that defense
exchanges should be promoted through mutual visits in all levels including high-level personnel.
Jun. 2011 Japan–Vietnam Defense Ministerial Meeting (Singapore, 10th Shangri-La Dialogue)
☆ Exchange views on Japan–Vietnam defense cooperation and regional situations including the South China Sea. Both sides concurred on
realization of Defense Minister Thanh’s visit to Japan in 2011 and deepening defense cooperation of both countries.
Sep. 2011 Visit to Vietnam by the ASDF Chief of Staff
Oct. 2011 Japan-Vietnam Defense Ministerial Meeting (Tokyo)
☆ Carry out the exchange of opinions on the state of security-related affairs at regional and international level, including maritime security
☆ Concurred on strengthening Japan-Vietnam strategic talks including the routinization of high-level mutual-visits and talks among
Administrative Vice-Minister-level personnel
☆ Signing of the memorandum on defense cooperation and exchange
Dec. 2011 Visit to Japan by the Vietnamese People`s Naval Commander
Jan. 2012 Visit to Vietnam by the Parliamentary Vice-Minister of Defense
May 2012 Visit to Vietnam by the Chief of Joint Staff
Jun. 2012 Japan-Vietnam Administrative Vice-Minister level meeting (Singapore, 11th Shangri-La Dialogue)
Jun. 2012 Visit to Japan by the Vietnam Commander of Air Defense and Air Force
Multilateral Aug. 2009
National
Security Talks
etc., Held
at Bilateral
Meetings
Oct. 2009
Mar. 2010
Oct. 2010
Jul. 2011
Sep. 2011
Oct. 2011
Jun. 2012
Regular discussions between defense
ministry representatives
Visit to Timor-Leste by Senior Vice-Minister of Defense
Visit to Japan by Timor-Leste’s State Secretary for Defense
Visit to Japan by the Deputy Prime Minister of Timor-Leste.
Visit to Japan by Timor-Leste’s Prime Minister and Minister of Defense and Security
Timor-Leste
Jun. 2010
Unit-level exchange,
etc.
Multi-layered Security Cooperation with the International Community
Chapter 3
Part III Measures for Defense of Japan
6th PACC (Tokyo, GSDF Chief of Staff-level meeting is as below)
Chief of Staff of the Bangladesh Army, Commander of the Brunei Army, Vice Commander of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces and
Commander of the Royal Cambodian Army, Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Army, Chief of Staff of the Malaysian Army, Commander of the
Philippine Army, Commander of the Singapore Army, Commander of the Sri Lankan Army, Commander of the Royal Thai Army, Chief of Staff of
the Vietnam People’s Army
12th CHOD (Hawaii, Chief of Joint Staff-level meeting is as below)
Commander of the Indonesian National Military, Commander of the Defense Force of Malaysia
2nd Meeting of Senior Defense Officials on Common Security challenges in the Asia-Pacific Region (Tokyo, Held Vice-Ministerial meetings with
the following) Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippine, Vietnam
9th Shangri-La Dialogue (Singapore, Chief of Joint Staff-level meeting is as below)
Commander of the Indonesian National Military, Commander of the Singaporean National Military
13th CHOD (ROK, Chief of Joint Staff-level meeting is as below)
Chief of the General Staff of the Filipino National Armed Forces, Commander of the Singaporean National Military.
7th PACC (Singapore, Chief of Joint Staff-level meeting is as below)
Chief of the General Staff of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, Commander of the Singaporean Army, Commander of the Thai Army, Chief
of the General Staff of the People`s Army of Vietnam
3rd Japan-ASEAN member-state defense authorities Vice-Minister-level dialogue (Tokyo, Vice-Minister-level meeting is as below)
Cambodia Secretary of Defense, Indonesia Deputy Secretary of Defense, Malaysia Deputy Secretary of Defense, Myanmar Senior Vice Minister
of Defense, Philippine Deputy Secretary of Defense, Vietnam Deputy Secretary of Defence
14th CHOD (Hawaii, Chief of Joint Staff-level meeting is as below)
Commander of the Defense Force of Malaysia, Commander of the Singaporean National Military
11th Shangri-La Dialogue (Singapore, Chief of Joint Staff-level meeting is as below)
Chief of the General Staff of the Filipino National Armed Forces, Commander of the Singaporean National Military
Cambodia
Jun. 2010 1st Japan-Cambodia Politico-Military Consultation (PM), 1st Japan-Cambodia Military-Military Consultation (MM)
Feb. 2012 2nd Japan-Cambodia Military-Military Consultation (MM)
Indonesia
Sep. 2010 3rd Japan-Indonesia Military-Military Consultation (MM)
Nov. 2011 1st Japan-Indonesia Politico-Military Consultation (PM), 4th Japan-Indonesia Military-Military Consultation (MM)
Philippines
Aug. 2010 4th Japan-Philippines Politico-Military Consultation (PM), 4th Japan-Philippines Military-Military Consultation (MM)
Mar. 2012 5th Japan-Philippines Politico-Military Consultation (PM), 5th Japan-Philippines Military-Military Consultation (MM)
Singapore
Sep. 2009 10th Japan-Singapore Military-Military Consultation (MM)
Oct. 2010 11th Japan-Singapore Military-Military Consultation (MM)
Nov. 2011 12th Japan-Singapore Military-Military Consultation (MM)
Thailand
Sep. 2009 8th Japan-Thailand Politico-Military Consultation (PM), 8th Military-Military Consultation (MM)
Sep. 2010 9th Japan-Thailand Politico-Military Consultation (PM), 9th Japan-Thailand Military-Military Consultation (MM)
Sep. 2011 10th Japan-Thailand Politico-Military Consultation (PM), 10th Japan-Thailand Military-Military Consultation (MM)
Vietnam
Apr. 2010
Dec. 2010
Dec. 2011
Dec. 2011
6th Japan-Vietnam Politico-Military Consultation (PM), 6th Japan-Vietnam Military-Military Consultation (MM)
1st Japan-Vietnam Strategic Partnership Dialogue
7th Japan-Vietnam Military-Military Consultation (MM)
2nd Japan-Vietnam Strategic Partnership Dialogue
Malaysia
Jul. 2011
3rd Japan-Malaysia Military-Military Consultation (MM)
Southeast
Asian
Member
States and
Multilateral
Exchanges
etc.
Feb. 2010
Aug. 2010
Oct. 2010
Feb. 2011
Mar. 2011
Jul. 2011
Feb. 2012
Feb. 2012
Participation in Cobra Gold 10 hosted by the United States and Thailand (Thailand)
Participation in 5th Western Pacific submarine rescue training (Singapore)
Exchange between Japanese and Singapore troops (Singapore) (Ground)
Participation in Cobra Gold 11 hosted by the United States and Thailand (Thailand)
Participation in ARF-DiREx 2011 hosted by Japan and Indonesia (Indonesia)
Participation of the US-2 rescue seaplane and destroyer “Shimakaze” in the Brunei International Naval Review.
Participation in Cobra Gold 12 hosted by the United States and Thailand (Thailand)
Exchange between Japanese and Singapore troops (Singapore) (Ground)
7
Japan–U.K. Defense Cooperation and Exchanges
The Significance of Defense Cooperation and
1 Exchange with the U.K.
In October 2011, the British Secretary of State for Defence
visited Japan and held talks with the Japanese Defense Minister,
at which they agreed to commence work on formulating a
new Japan-U.K. Defense Cooperation Memorandum, aimed at
achieving more concrete cooperation between the two countries
Then Chief of Air Staff Iwasaki and U.K. Air Chief Marshal Dalton (Tokyo, August 2011)
Multi-layered Security Cooperation with the International Community
Recent Major Achievements in
2 Defense Cooperation and Exchange
Chapter 3
The United Kingdom, being a major power that has influence
not only on Europe but also the rest of the world, has
historically maintained close relations with Japan. On the
security front, Japan shares the same strategic interests with the
United Kingdom, as both countries are important allies of the
United States. Given this relationship, it is extremely important
for Japan to promote cooperation through such global issues
as international peace cooperation activities and anti-terrorism
and piracy, and through information exchange relating to the
regional situation.
In January 2004, the Defense Ministers of both countries
signed Memorandum Relating to Defense Cooperation to
develop bilateral defense exchanges in various sectors, thereby
advancing the two countries’ resolve to promote defense
exchanges at all levels and in various fields. Moreover, in April
2012, when British Prime Minister Cameron visited Japan,
he and Prime Minister Noda issued a joint statement entitled
"A Leading Strategic Partnership for Global Prosperity and
Security", in which they announced the start of negotiations on
a government to government information security agreement,
their endorsement of the signing of the Defense Cooperation
Memorandum, and the identification of appropriate defense
equipment for joint development and production.
in the future. At the talks between Parliamentary Senior ViceMinister of Defense Watanabe and British Minister of State for
the Armed Forces Harvey during the Shangri-La Dialogue in
June 2012, the two vice-ministers exchanged memorandums
and agreed to facilitate close cooperation between Japan and the
UK in various fields, based on this memorandum.
Moreover, in August 2011, as well as a visit to Japan by
the British Chief of the Air Staff, exchange began in specialist fields, including participation by the Ministry of Defense
of Japan in an international conference on cyberspace hosted
by the U.K. Furthermore, in October 2011, an MSDF participated in a minesweeping exercise in waters off the coast of
Bahrain, which was organized jointly by the U.K. and U.S.A.
Participation in this exercise was very meaningful, as it contributed to improving the minesweeping skills of the MSDF, as
well as to the promotion of cooperative relationships with the
U.K. and U.S.
(See Fig. III-3-2-8)
Fig. Ⅲ−3−2−8 Recent Defense Cooperation and Exchanges with the United Kingdom (Past Three Years)
Jun. 2010 Exchange of views between the Minister of Defense and the U.K. Secretary of State for Defence (Singapore (Ninth Asian Security Conference))
☆Exchange views on international peace cooperation activities, security environment around Japan and sealane security
Sep. 2010 Visit to the U.K. by the Parliamentary Secretary of State of Defense
Nov. 2010 Visit to Japan by the Secretary of State for Defence
Dec. 2010 Exchange of views between the Parliamentary Secretary of State of Defense and the U.K. Under Secretary for Defence (Seventh Manama Dialogue)
Apr. 2011 Visit to Japan by the U.K. Minister of State for Defence (in charge of equipment, support and technology)
Jun. 2011 Japan–U.K. Defense administrative Vice-Minister Meeting (Singapore, 10th Shangri-La Dialogue)
High-level talks
☆Exchange views on responses to the Great East Japan Earthquake and Japan–U.K. defense cooperation
between heads
Oct. 2011 Japan-U.K. Defense Ministerial Meeting (Tokyo)
of state and
☆Both parties concurred that their cooperative relationship is strengthening in terms of defense cooperation and exchanges. Also, agreement
defense
reached to take initiatives to develop new defense cooperation
Apr. 2012 Japan-U.K. Summit (Tokyo)
☆Negotiation initiated between two governments regarding Information Protection Agreement. Support for signing a defense cooperation
memorandum, decided to identify adequate defense equipment, etc., for joint development and production of defense equipment
Jun. 2012 Meeting between the Parliamentary Senior Vice-Minister of Defense and U.K. Defence Minister
☆Exchanged Memorundom Relating to Defence Cooperation. Confirmed to work cooperatively in areas including those for equipment and
technologies
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Part III Measures for Defense of Japan
May 2010 Visit to the U.K. by the ASDF Chief of Staff
High-level talks
Mar. 2011 Visit to Japan by the first Minister of Navy and the U.K. Royal Navy Chief of Staff
between heads
Aug. 2011 Visit to Japan by the U.K. Royal Air Force Chief of Staff
of state and
Feb. 2012 Visit to the U.K. by the MSDF Chief of Staff
defense
Jun. 2012 Visit to the U.K. by the GSDF Chief of Staff
Regular
discussions
Nov. 2009 10th Japan–U.K. Consultation between foreign affairs and defense authorities, Sixth Japan–U.K. Consultation between defense authorities
between
Feb. 2011 11th Japan–U.K. Consultation between foreign affairs and defense authorities, Seventh Japan–U.K. Consultation between defense authorities
defense ministry
representatives
Japan–U.K. unit exchange (Japan) (Ground)
Exchange of research and development personnel (Japan) (Ground)
Exchange between Japan and U.K. troops (U.K.) (Ground)
Exchange between Japan and U.K. troops (Japan) (Ground)
Exchange between Japan and U.K. troops (Japan) (Maritime)
Exchange between Japan and U.K. troops (U.K.) (Ground)
Exchange between Japan and U.K. troops (Japan) (Ground)
Multi-layered Security Cooperation with the International Community
Chapter 3
Unit-level
exchange, etc.
Jul. 2009
Feb. 2010
Oct. 2010
Dec. 2010
Oct. 2011
Feb. 2012
Feb. 2012
VOICE
Commentary
Q&A
The Progress of Japan-UK Defense Relations
Our military relationship with Japan goes back a long way. In the
late 19th Century it was the United Kingdom’s maritime operational
and shipbuilding experience that the Imperial Japanese Navy chose
to draw on. Admiral Togo studied in the UK and sailed with the
Royal Navy as he established himself as a brilliant tactician and
naval forces commander.
Japan is the UK’s most import ally in the region and an ally with a
very similar outlook on international affairs. We want peace, global
stability and prosperity for all. We are committed to the principles
of international law, and are actively engaged across the world
in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. And we both have
immensely close relationships with the United States.
In April 2012, Prime Ministers Cameron and Noda met in Tokyo
and endorsed a new Defense Cooperation Memorandum that
Prime Ministers Noda and Cameron (Tokyo, April 2012)
defines this new relationship, which was signed by our Defense
[Cabinet Public Relations Office]
Ministers in June 2012. The memorandum also sets out new areas
for cooperation such as cyber security and counter-piracy. We also want to reduce the burden of acquiring increasingly expensive
defense equipment by increasing cooperation between our two defense industries.
We therefore intend to take every opportunity to share our experiences, advice and information for our mutual benefit – not only in
Japan and the UK but around the world.
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8
Defense Cooperation and Exchanges with European and Other Countries
situation and agreed on the promotion of defense cooperation
and exchange between their two countries. After the talks
ended, they signed a memorandum on defense cooperation and
exchange between Japan and Mongolia.
Chapter 3
Then Minister of Defense Ichikawa and Mongolian Defense Minister Bold signing the
Memorandum of Understanding on Japan-Mongolia Defense Cooperation and Exchange
(Ulaanbaatar, January 2012)
In August 2011, the Canadian Deputy Ministers of Foreign
Affairs and Defence visited Japan and held the first viceministerial-level "2+2" dialogue between Japan and Canada,
which also included the foreign affairs authorities; during these
talks, the participants agreed to start negotiations aimed at the
conclusion of an ACSA, due to the importance of promoting
collaboration between the SDF and the Canadian military.
Multi-layered Security Cooperation with the International Community
Europe shares fundamental values with Japan such as democracy, the rule of law, respect for human rights, and capitalist
economy. Moreover, it serves as the central core in working to
address shared challenges to global security, focusing primarily
on non-traditional security areas such as counter-terrorism and
combating piracy, as well as international peace cooperation
activities. Therefore, developing defense cooperation and
exchanges with the countries of Europe provides a foundation
for Japan to actively take part in global challenges, and is
important for both Japan and Europe.
Based on this awareness, Parliamentary Senior Vice-Minister
of Defense Watanabe held talks with French Defense Minister
Le Drian during the Shangri-La Dialogue in June 2012, at which
the two ministers agreed that their countries would proactively
contribute to regional and global security issues. Moreover,
director general level talks have been held with Turkey, Sweden
and Georgia, in which lively exchanges of opinions took place
regarding the regional situation and global security issues.
In June 2012, Minister of Defence of Italy, Admiral Di Paola,
visited Japan. Minister of Defense Morimoto had talks with his
Italian counterpart. They signed on the Statement of Intent, and
exchanged views on various issues including regional situation
and defense cooperation and exchanges between Japan and
Italy.
Minister of Defense Morimoto and Italian Defense Minister Di Paola inspect the troops
(Tokyo, June 2012)
In addition, Japan has developed the foundations for information sharing, concluding the agreement between Japan and
NATO on the security of Information and material in June 2010,
and the Agreement between Japan and France on the Security
of Information in October 2011.
Furthermore, with regard to exchanges with other countries,
in January 2012, then Minister of Defense Ichikawa visited
Mongolia and held talks with Mongolian Defense Minister
Bold, at which they exchanged opinions concerning the regional
Administrative Vice-Minister of Defense Kanazawa and Canadian Deputy Minister of
National Defense Fonberg (Singapore, June 2012)
In April 2012, Administrative Vice-Minister of Defense of
Japan and His Highness Khalifa of Bahrain signed a memorandum on Japan-Bahrain defense exchange.
During the June 2012 Shangri-La Dialogue, Parliamentary
297
Part III Measures for Defense of Japan
Senior Vice-Minister of Defense Watanabe and New Zealand
Minister of Defence Coleman held talks during which they
exchanged opinions concerning bilateral defense cooperation
and the regional situation, as well as agreeing to proactively
cooperate in the ADMM-Plus Military Medicine Expert
Working Group (EWG) and Peacekeeping Operations EWG, of
which Japan and New Zealand are the respective co-chairs.
(See Fig. III-3-2-9)
Fig. Ⅲ−3−2−9 Recent Defense Cooperation and Exchanges with European Nations and Others (Past Three Years)
May 2010 Visit to Belgium ASDF Chief of Staff
May 2010 Visit to Belgium (NATO headquarters) by Parliamentary Secretary of State for Defense
Dec. 2009
May 2010
May 2010
Sep. 2010
Jan. 2011
Multi-layered Security Cooperation with the International Community
Chapter 3
Visit to Japan by French Chief of the Defence Staff
Visit to France by Parliamentary Secretary of State of Defense
Visit to France by ASDF Chief of Staff
Visit to Japan by French Navy Chief of Staff
Japan-France Summit
☆Conclusion of Japan-France Information Security Agreement
Jun. 2012 Meeting between the Parliamentary Senior Vice-Minister of Defense and French Minister of Defence and Veterans Affairs (Singapore
(11th Shangri-La Dialogue))
☆Concurred pursuing the possible cooperation in the areas of equipment and technologies
Sep. 2010
Dec. 2010
Feb. 2012
Feb. 2012
Visit to Germany by Parliamentary Secretary of State of Defense
Opinions exchanged between the Parliamentary Secretary of Defense and German Defence Vice-Minister
Visit to Germany by the GSDF Chief of Staff
Visit to Germany by the MSDF Chief of Staff
Feb. 2010 Visit to Japan by Italian Vice-Minister of National Defense
Feb. 2011 Visit to Italy by the MSDF Chief of Staff
Jun. 2012 Visit to Japan by Italian Minister of Defence
☆Signed Statement of Intent on defense exchanges and cooperation. Concurred on advancing the bilateral cooperation into a new
level
Apr. 2010 Visit to Japan by the Commander in Chief, Romanian Armed Forces
Oct. 2010 Visit to Japan by Georgia’s Deputy Minister of Defense
Jun. 2010 Visit to Japan by Turkish Navy Chief of Staff
Feb. 2011 Visit to Turkey by the MSDF Chief of Staff
High-level talks
between heads
of state and
defense
May 2010 Visit to Syria and Israel by Parliamentary Secretary of State for Defense
May 2012 Visit to Israel, Norway and Sweden by the Parliamentary Secretary of State of Defense
Dec. 2010 Opinions exchanged between the Parliamentary Secretary of State of Defense and Bahraini Minister of Defence (Seventh Manama
Dialogue)
Apr. 2012 The memorandum regarding Japan-Bahrain defense exchange signed
May 2012 Visit to Bahrain by the Parliamentary Secretary of State of Defence
Jun. 2010
Nov. 2010
May 2011
Aug. 2011
Jun. 2012
Visit to Canada by MSDF Chief of Staff
Visit to Japan by Canada’s Chief of the Air Staff
Visit to Japan by Canada’s Chief of the Naval Staff
Japan-Canada Vice-Ministerial “2+2” Dialogue
Japan-Canada Vice-Ministerial Meeting (Singapore (11th Shangri-La Dialogue))
Dec. 2009 Visit to Republic of Djibouti and Kingdom of Bahrain by Minister of Defense
Dec. 2010 Visit to the Republic of Djibouti and the Kingdom of Bahrain by the Parliamentary Secretary of State of Defense
Jul. 2011 Visit to Republic of Djibouti by the Parliamentary Senior Vice-Minister of Defense
Oct. 2010 Japan–New Zealand Defense Ministerial Meeting
Feb. 2011 Visit to New Zealand by the Chief of Joint Staff
Oct. 2011 Visit to Japan by New Zealand Army Commander
Jan. 2012 Japan-Mongolia Defense Ministerial Meeting (Mongolia)
☆The memorandum regarding bilateral defense cooperation and exchanges signed
☆Concurred on promoting defense exchanges through high-level interactions such as vice-ministerial and chief of staff meetings.
☆Both parties confirmed the importance of strengthening cooperative relations regarding United States PKO and other activities
Jan. 2011 Visit to Nepal by the Parliamentary Secretary of State of Defense
Aug. 2009 Sixth PACC (Tokyo, meetings involved the following chief of ground staff)
Chief of the Defense Staff, Land Force Command
General of the Army, Chilean Army
Chief of Army, New Zealand Army
Jul. 2011 Seventh PACC (Singapore, meetings involved the following chief of ground staff)
Chief of the Defense Staff, Land Force Command, General of the Army, Chilean Army
298
Mar. 2010 6th Japan–Canada Consultation between foreign affairs and defense authorities
Apr. 2012 Seventh Japan-Canada Consultation between foreign affairs and defense authorities, Eighth Japan-Canada Consultation between
defense authorities
Oct. 2010 13th Japan–France Consultation between foreign affairs and defense authorities
13th Japan–France Consultation between defense authorities
Jul. 2011 14th Japan-France Consultation between foreign affairs and defense authorities, 14th Japan-France Consultation between defense
authorities
Jan. 2012 15th Japan-France Consultation between foreign affairs and defense authorities
Regular
discussions
between
Jun. 2010 12th Japan–Germany Consultation between foreign affairs and defense authorities
defense ministry Oct. 2010 10th Japan-Germany Consultation between defense authorities
representatives Nov. 2011 13th Japan-Germany Consultation between foreign affairs and defense authorities
Oct. 2009 Fifth Japan–New Zealand Consultation between defense authorities
Dec. 2010 Sixth Japan–New Zealand Consultation between defense authorities
May 2010 Fourth Japan–Pakistan Security Dialogue, Fifth Japan–Pakistan Defense Consultation
Chapter 3
Jul. 2010 Ninth Japan–NATO Senior Officials Meeting
Oct. 2011 11th Japan-NATO Senior Officials Meeting
Multi-layered Security Cooperation with the International Community
299