Part I Security Environment Surrounding Japan
1 General Situation
Chapter 1
Issues in the International Community
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
38
In his “National Strategy for Counterterrorism” released in June 2011, President Obama noted that the preeminent security threat to the United States continue to be Al-Qaeda and its
affiliates and adherents, and clarified that their eventual defeat was the ultimate objective. He laid out a policy of pursuing the ultimate defeat of Al-Qaeda in the Afghanistan-Pakistan
theater.
U.S. Director of National Intelligence (DNI), “Worldwide Threat Assessment” (February 2011).
A statement made by Michael Leiter, Director of the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC), at the hearing of the Homeland Security Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives
(February 9, 2011).
Remarks made by a senior Obama Administration official at a press briefing on the killing of Osama Bin Laden (May 2, 2011).
United States “Country Reports on Terrorism 2009” (August 2010).
In January 2009 Al-Qaeda in Yemen (AQY) and Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) merged to become Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), and announced it on their
website.
“Worldwide Threat Assessment” by DNI (February 2011). Out of various affiliates of Al-Qaeda, Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) has been enhancing its new recruitment activities
through such measures as launching a new English organizational journal, “Inspire,” on the Internet in June 2010.
“Al-Qaeda in Yemen and Somalia,” a Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate (January 21, 2010).
Section 3 International Terrorism
Part I Security Environment Surrounding Japan
2 Terrorist Attacks around the World
Chapter 1
Issues in the International Community
While there is no clear definition of the term, they are referred to in the United States as those who have lived primarily inside the United States and commit acts of violence in
furtherance of objectives promoted by a foreign terrorist organization, but who act without direction from a foreign terrorist organization (Statement of Robert Mueller, Director of the
FBI, at committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the U.S. Senate, September 22, 2010).
9 “American Jihadist Terrorism: Combating a Complex Threat,” the U.S. Congressional Research Service Report for Congress (December 7, 2010). The report lists 21 cases of
homegrown terrorist plots and attacks in the eight-year period between September 2001 and April 2009.
10 Statement of Robert Mueller, Director of the FBI, at the committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the United States Senate (September 22, 2010).
-1 “Worldwide Threat Assessment” by DNI (February 2011).
2 A statement by Deputy National Security Adviser John Brennan on ABC TV (January 3, 2010).
3 “Country Reports on Terrorism 2009,” United States (August 2010).
4 An Islamic extremist organization established in Algeria in 1998 as the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC). It then changed the name to the current one after it officially
joined Al-Qaeda in September 2006.
5 Activities of the anti-government extremist Islamic groups that were active in Algeria in the 1990s have largely subsided.
6 “Country Reports on Terrorism 2009,” United States (August 2010).
7 “Country Reports on Terrorism 2009,” United States (August 2010).
8 Joint statements made by the Philippine government and the MILF on February 10, 2011, and by the Philippine government and the Communist Party of the Philippines on February
21, 2011, respectively (issued by the Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process of the Philippines ).
-8
Section 3 International Terrorism
39
Part I Security Environment Surrounding Japan
Fig. I-1-3-1
Number of Terrorism Incidents by Region
Middle East
• More than 80% in Iraq and Afghanistan
• Continuously increasing in Afghanistan
• Decreasing in Iraq since 2006 at its peak
• Increasing in Yemen since 2008
Europe and the former
Soviet Union
Worldwide
Russia accounts for 40 to 60%
10,000
16,000
8,000
14,000
6,000
12,000
4,000
10,000
2,000
2,000
8,000
0
0
10,000
8,000
8,629
8,733
6,672
5,368
6,000
Chapter 1
5,811
4,000
Issues in the International Community
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
487
541
686
709
704
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
14,435
14,443
11,595
11,725
10,999
6,000
4,000
2,000
Number of incidents in 2010
11,595 incidents
Europe and the former
Soviet Union
(704 incidents, 6.1%)
Africa
(928 incidents, 8.0%)
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
North, Central, and
South America
(340 incidents, 2.9%)
Middle East
(6,672 incidents, 57.5%)
Asia and Oceania
(2,951 incidents, 25.5%)
Asia and Oceania
Africa
North, Central, and
South America
• Increasing in Pakistan since 2007
• Decreasing in Thailand since 2007
at its peak
Somalia has accounted for more than 40%
since 2007 (More than 60% in 2010)
Columbia accounts for 80%
10,000
10,000
10,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
6,000
6,000
6,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,105
3,913
3,906
2,000
0
802
454
350
444
340
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2,000
0
508
2006
Note: Created based on the U.S. National Counterterrorism Center database.
40
Section 3 International Terrorism
905
773
936
928
2007
2008
2009
2010
3,542
2,000
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2,951
2010