Flood Tolerant & Wetland
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Tree Selection Series WSFNR10-1 January 2010 Flood Tolerant & Wetland Trees of Georgia by Dr. Kim D. Coder, Professor of Tree Biology & Health Care, Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia There are many trees with many species attributes which can successfully grow under wetland and flooded soil conditions. Some tree species are so indicative of wetland conditions they are used for regulatory wetland classification processes. Proper species selection is critical under excessive soil water contents and low soil oxygen. Wetland and flood tolerant species of trees can be good choices under many of these conditions. Continuous and non-flowing water saturation to and above the soil surface throughout the entire year is an excessively harsh environment for most trees, even wetland species. The two tables below present the scientific name, common name, and a descriptive plant classification for many flood tolerant and wetland trees and large shrubs in Georgia. Table 1 lists flood tolerant and wetland tree species alphabetically sorted by scientific name. Table 2 lists flood tolerant and wetland tree species alphabetically sorted by their common name. The “wetland and flood tolerant” species classification denotes an ability to thrive in wetland areas and survive extensive flooding. The “flood tolerant” species classification denotes an ability to withstand limited to moderate flooding but not long term flooding and wetland saturation conditions. The “native” species classification denotes a species native to the state of Georgia. The “exotic” species classification denotes a species brought in from outside the region (in many cases from outside the continent). The “dicot” species classification denotes the angiosperm subdivision of dicotyledons (eudicot plants are included in the dicot classification here). The “monocot” species classification denotes the angiosperm subdivision of monocotyledons. The term “tree” is used for plant forms usually growing above 20 feet tall. The term “shrub” is used for plant forms growing below 15 feet tall. In compliance with federal law, including the provisions of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Sections 503 and 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the University of Georgia does not discriminate on the basis of race, sex, religion, color, national or ethnic origin, age, disability, or military service in its administration of educational policies, programs, or activities; its admissions policies; scholarship and loan programs; athletic or other University-administered programs; or employment. In addition, the University does not discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation consistent with the University non-discrimination policy. 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Table 1: Primary flood tolerant and wetland tree species in Georgia alphabetically sorted by scientific name (i.e. first column). scientific name common name plant classification Acer negundo Acer rubrun Acer saccharinum Alnus serrulata boxelder red maple silver maple hazel alder Wetland Wetland Wetland Wetland & & & & Baccharis angustifolia Baccharis glomeruliflora Betula nigra Bumelia lycioides saltwater false-willow groundsel tree river birch buckthorn bumelia Wetland Wetland Wetland Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub & flood tolerant native dicot tree & flood tolerant native dicot tree Carya aquatica Carya illinoensis Carya laciniosa Carya myristiciformis Celtis laevigata Cephalanthus occidentalis Chamaecyparis thyoides Cliftonia monophylla Cornus amomum Cornus asperifolia Cornus foemina Crataegus aestivalis Crataegus brachyacantha Crataegus viridis Cyrilla racemiflora water hickory pecan shellbark hickory nutmeg hickory sugarberry buttonbush Atlantic white-cedar buckwheat tree silky dogwood toughleaf dogwood stiff dogwood mayhaw blueberry hawthorn green hawthorn swamp titi Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native gymnosperm tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Forestiera acuminata Fraxinus caroliniana Fraxinus pennsylvanica Fraxinus profunda Eastern swamp privet Carolina ash green ash pumpkin ash Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Gleditsia aquatica Gordonia lasianthus water-locust loblolly-bay Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Ilex amelanchier Ilex cassine Ilex coriacea Ilex decidua Ilex glabra Ilex laevigata Ilex myrtifolia Ilex verticillata Itea virginica Illicium floridanum Illicium parviflorum sarvisberry dahoon holly large gallberry possumhaw holly inkberry holly smooth winterberry myrtle dahoon winterberry Virginia sweetspire Florida anisetree yellow anisetree Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant small native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant small native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant small native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant small native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant small native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant small native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Kalmia carolina Kalmia hirsuta Carolina laurel hairy laurel Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub flood flood flood flood tolerant native dicot tree tolerant native dicot tree tolerant native dicot tree tolerant large native dicot shrub 2 Table 1: Primary flood tolerant and wetland tree species in Georgia alphabetically sorted by scientific name (i.e. first column). (continued) scientific name common name plant classification Leitneria floridana Lindera benzoin Lindera melissifolia Lindera subcoriacea Litsea aestivalis Liquidambar styraciflua Ludwigia peruviana corkwood northern spicebush Southern spicebush bog spicebush pondspice sweetgum primrose-willow Wetland & flood tolerant small native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant exotic dicot shrub Magnolia grandiflora Magnolia virginiana Myrica cerifera Myrica heterophylla Myrica inodora Southern magnolia sweetbay Southern bayberry evergreen bayberry odorless bayberry Flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Flood tolerant small native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant small native dicot tree Nyssa aquatica Nyssa ogeche water tupelo Ogeechee tupelo Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Persea borbonia Persia palustris Pinckneya pubens Pinus elliotti Pinus glabra Pinus serotina Planera aquatica Platanus occidentalis Populus deltoides Populus heterophylla redbay swampbay fever-tree / pinkneya slash pine spruce pine pond pine planer tree American sycamore Eastern cottonwood swamp cottonwood Wetland & flood tolerant native Wetland & flood tolerant native Wetland & flood tolerant native Wetland & flood tolerant native Wetland & flood tolerant native Wetland & flood tolerant native Wetland & flood tolerant native Wetland & flood tolerant native Flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree dicot tree dicot tree gymnosperm tree gymnosperm tree gymnosperm tree dicot tree dicot tree Quercus bicolor Quercus falcata Quercus pagodaefolia Quercus laurifolia Quercus lyrata Quercus michauxii Quercus oglethorpensis Quercus palustris Quercus phellos Quercus shumardii swamp white oak Southern red oak cherry-bark oak laurel oak overcup oak swamp chestnut oak Oglethorpe oak pin oak willow oak shumard oak Wetland & flood tolerant native Flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native Wetland & flood tolerant native Wetland & flood tolerant native Wetland & flood tolerant native Flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native Wetland & flood tolerant native Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Rhododendron arborescens Rhododendron atlanticum Rhododendron canescens Rhododendron viscosum smooth azalea dwarf azalea mountain azalea swamp azalea Wetland Wetland Wetland Wetland & & & & flood flood flood flood tolerant tolerant tolerant tolerant large large large large Sabal minor Salix alba Salix babylonica Salix caroliniana Salix eriocephala Salix floridana dwarf palmetto white willow weeping willow coastal plain willow Missouri River maple Florida willow Wetland Wetland Wetland Wetland Wetland Wetland & & & & & & flood flood flood flood flood flood tolerant tolerant tolerant tolerant tolerant tolerant small native monocot tree exotic dicot tree exotic dicot tree native dicot tree small native dicot tree small native dicot tree dicot tree dicot dicot dicot dicot tree tree tree tree dicot tree dicot tree dicot tree native native native native dicot dicot dicot dicot shrub shrub shrub shrub 3 Table 1: Primary flood tolerant and wetland tree species in Georgia alphabetically sorted by scientific name (i.e. first column). (continued) scientific name common name plant classification Salix nigra Salix purpurea Salix sericea Sambucus canadensis Spiraea salicifolia Stillingia aquatica Styrax americana black willow purpleosier willow silky willow American elder willowleaf meadowsweet corkwood American snowbell Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant exotic dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant exotic large dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant small native dicot tree Tamarix gallica Tamarix ramosissima Taxodium distichum Taxodium nutans Toxicodendron vernix French tamarisk saltcedar baldcypress pondcypress poison sumac Wetland Wetland Wetland Wetland Wetland Ulmus americana American elm Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Vaccinium corymbosum Vaccinium fuscatum Viburnum nudum Viburnum obovatum Viburnum recogitnum highbush blueberry Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub black highbush blueberry Flood tolerant large native dicot shrub possumhaw viburnum Wetland & flood tolerant small native dicot tree Walter small-leaf arrowwood Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Southern arrowwood Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree & flood tolerant exotic small dicot tree & flood tolerant exotic large dicot shrub & flood tolerant native gymnosperm tree & flood tolerant native gymnosperm tree & flood tolerant native dicot tree 4 Table 2: Primary flood tolerant and wetland tree species in Georgia alphabetically sorted by common name (i.e. second column). scientific name common name plant classification Sambucus canadensis Ulmus americana Styrax americana Platanus occidentalis Chamaecyparis thyoides American elder American elm American snowbell American sycamore Atlantic white-cedar Wetland Wetland Wetland Wetland Wetland Taxodium distichum Vaccinium fuscatum Salix nigra Crataegus brachyacantha Lindera subcoriacea Acer negundo Bumelia lycioides Cliftonia monophylla Cephalanthus occidentalis baldcypress black highbush blueberry black willow blueberry hawthorn bog spicebush boxelder buckthorn bumelia buckwheat tree buttonbush Wetland & flood tolerant native gymnosperm tree Flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Fraxinus caroliniana Kalmia carolina Quercus pagodaefolia Salix caroliniana Stillingia aquatica Leitneria floridana Carolina ash Carolina laurel cherry-bark oak coastal plain willow corkwood corkwood Wetland Wetland Wetland Wetland Wetland Wetland Ilex cassine Rhododendron atlanticum Sabal minor dahoon holly dwarf azalea dwarf palmetto Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant small native monocot tree Populus deltoides Forestiera acuminata Myrica heterophylla Eastern cottonwood Eastern swamp privet evergreen bayberry Flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Illicium floridanum Salix floridana Tamarix gallica Florida anisetree Florida willow French tamarisk Wetland & flood tolerant small native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant small native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant exotic small dicot tree Fraxinus pennsylvanica Crataegus viridis Baccharis glomeruliflora green ash green hawthorn groundsel tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Pinckneya pubens fever-tree / pinkneya Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Kalmia hirsuta Alnus serrulata Vaccinium corymbosum hairy laurel hazel alder highbush blueberry Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Ilex glabra inkberry holly Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Ilex coriacea Quercus laurifolia Gordonia lasianthus large gallberry laurel oak loblolly-bay Wetland & flood tolerant small native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree & & & & & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub flood tolerant native dicot tree flood tolerant small native dicot tree flood tolerant native dicot tree flood tolerant native gymnosperm tree & flood tolerant native dicot tree & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub & flood tolerant native dicot tree & flood tolerant native dicot tree & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub & flood tolerant small native dicot tree 5 Table 2: Primary flood tolerant and wetland tree species in Georgia alphabetically sorted by common name (i.e. second column). (continued) scientific name common name plant classification Crataegus aestivalis Salix eriocephala Rhododendron canescens Ilex myrtifolia mayhaw Missouri River maple mountain azalea myrtle dahoon Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant small native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant small native dicot tree Lindera benzoin Carya myristiciformis northern spicebush nutmeg hickory Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Myrica inodora Nyssa ogeche Quercus oglethorpensis Quercus lyrata odorless bayberry Ogeechee tupelo Oglethorpe oak overcup oak Wetland & flood tolerant small native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Carya illinoensis Quercus palustris Planera aquatica Toxicodendron vernix Pinus serotina Taxodium nutans Litsea aestivalis Ilex decidua Viburnum nudum Ludwigia peruviana Fraxinus profunda Salix purpurea pecan pin oak planer tree poison sumac pond pine pondcypress pondspice possumhaw holly possumhaw viburnum primrose-willow pumpkin ash purpleosier willow Flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native gymnosperm tree Wetland & flood tolerant native gymnosperm tree Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant small native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant small native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant exotic dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant exotic dicot tree Acer rubrun Persea borbonia Betula nigra red maple redbay river birch Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Tamarix ramosissima Baccharis angustifolia Ilex amelanchier Carya laciniosa Quercus shumardii Cornus amomum Salix sericea Acer saccharinum Pinus elliotti Rhododendron arborescens Ilex laevigata Viburnum recogitnum Myrica cerifera Magnolia grandiflora Quercus falcata Lindera melissifolia Pinus glabra Cornus foemina Celtis laevigata saltcedar saltwater false-willow sarvisberry shellbark hickory shumard oak silky dogwood silky willow silver maple slash pine smooth azalea smooth winterberry southern arrowwood Southern bayberry Southern magnolia Southern red oak Southern spicebush spruce pine stiff dogwood sugarberry Wetland & flood tolerant exotic large dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native gymnosperm tree Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant small native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Flood tolerant small native dicot tree Flood tolerant native dicot tree Flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant native gymnosperm tree Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree 6 Table 2: Primary flood tolerant and wetland tree species in Georgia alphabetically sorted by common name (i.e. second column). (continued) scientific name common name plant classification Rhododendron viscosum Quercus michauxii Populus heterophylla Cyrilla racemiflora Quercus bicolor Persia palustris Magnolia virginiana Liquidambar styraciflua swamp azalea swamp chestnut oak swamp cottonwood swamp titi swamp white oak swampbay sweetbay sweetgum Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant native dicot tree Flood tolerant native dicot tree Cornus asperifolia toughleaf dogwood Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Itea virginica Virginia sweetspire Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub Viburnum obovatum Carya aquatica Nyssa aquatica Gleditsia aquatica Salix babylonica Salix alba Quercus phellos Spiraea salicifolia Ilex verticillata Walter small-leaf arrowwood Wetland water hickory Wetland water tupelo Wetland water-locust Wetland weeping willow Wetland white willow Wetland willow oak Wetland willowleaf meadowsweet Wetland winterberry Wetland Illicium parviflorum yellow anisetree & flood tolerant native dicot tree & flood tolerant native dicot tree & flood tolerant native dicot tree & flood tolerant native dicot tree & flood tolerant exotic dicot tree & flood tolerant exotic dicot tree & flood tolerant native dicot tree & flood tolerant exotic large dicot shrub & flood tolerant small native dicot tree Wetland & flood tolerant large native dicot shrub 7
