Appendix C
Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund
Apportionments by Agency
This appendix presents a table that details the apportionment of Iraq Relief and Reconstruction
Fund (IRRF) allocations of funds by agency. The source of this data is the Office of Management
and Budget (OMB) and reflects both the new Section 2207 Report allocations requested by the
Department of State (DoS) and the latest round of OMB apportionment.
As of March 31, 2006, OMB apportioned these IRRF funds:
• Department of Defense (DoD), $13.437 billion (13.44% of the $18.439 billion total)
• U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), $3.09 billion (16.76%)
• DoS, $1.303 billion (7.07%)
• Treasury, $391 million (2.12%) (includes $352.7 million in Iraqi debt relief)
• United States Institute of Peace (USIP), $10 million (.05%)
Figure C-1 shows OMB-apportioned IRRF funds.
Figure C-1
OMB Aportioned Funds
Sources of Funding $ Billions as of March 2006
$ Billions as of March 2006
Total
18.439
USIP 0.01
Treasury 0.39
DoS 1.303
APXsrc.ai
USAID 3.09
DoD 13.437
Note: data not formally reviewed or audited
APRIL 30, 2006 I REPORT TO CONGRESS
I C-
1,806.4
436.8
Police Training
and Technical
Assistance
Border
Enforcement
C- I SPECIAL INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION
1,776.2
Iraqi Armed
Forces
430.9
681.7
IAF Operations
and Training
Iraqi National
Guard
2,349.8
Justice, Public Safety
Infrastructure, and
Civil Society
37.0
87.0
Witness
Protection
Program
Penal Facilities
5.0
86.0
Commanders’
Humanitarian Relief
& Reconstruction
Other Technical
Investigative
Methods
30.0
Focused
Stabilization
3.0
163.0
Iraqi Security
Forces Quick
Response
Program
Nonproliferation,
Export Control, and
Border Security
365.5
91.6
Facilities
Equipment
Operations and
Personnel
224.6
614.4
IAF Equipment
of which:
730.8
IAF Facilities
of which:
2,620.8
National Security
53.0
2,296.2
Law Enforcement
Facilities
Protection
Services
5,036.0
87.0
2.0
5.0
1,012.1
84.0
170.0
358.5
91.6
224.6
674.7
429.3
628.6
730.8
1,788.8
2,633.4
53.0
436.8
1,044.9
1,534.7
4,252.1
January
Previously
2006 2207
Apportioned
Allocation
Security & Law
Enforcement
Category
Millions of
Dollars
2.000
(7.000)
7.000
7.000
1.600
(14.200)
(12.600)
(12.600)
0.000
0.000
(2.000)
(2.000)
(14.600)
2nd Qtr.
Revised
Action
DOD
87.000
2.000
5.000
1,014.136
84.000
0.000
0.000
163.000
365.500
91.600
224.558
681.658
430.929
614.382
730.842
1,776.153
2,620.811
53.000
436.794
1,042.895
1,532.689
4,237.500
0.0
0.0
0.0
957.0
2.0
30.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
32.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2nd Qtr.
Total to
Previously
Revised
Date Apportioned
Action
USAID
Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund (IRRF) – Apportionment
0.0
0.0
0.0
957.0
2.0
30.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
32.0
0.0
35.0
0.0
305.9
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
763.5
763.5
766.5
Total to
Previously
Date Apportioned
0.000
62.800
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2nd Qtr.
Revised
Action
STATE
0.000
35.000
0.000
368.664
0.000
3.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
763.500
763.500
766.500
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Total to
Previously
Date Apportioned
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
10.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2nd Qtr.
Total to
Previously
Revised
Date Apportioned
Action
TREASURY
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
10.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2nd Qtr.
Total to
Revised
Date
Action
USIP
87.0
37.0
5.0
2,285.0
86.0
30.0
3.0
170.0
358.5
91.6
224.6
674.7
429.3
628.6
730.8
1,788.8
2,633.4
53.0
436.8
1,808.4
2,298.2
5,050.6
Previously
Apportioned
0.000
0.000
0.000
64.800
0.000
0.000
0.000
(7.000)
7.000
0.000
0.000
7.000
1.600
(14.200)
0.000
(12.600)
(12.600)
0.000
0.000
(2.000)
(2.000)
(14.600)
2nd Qtr.
Revised
Action
TOTAL
87.000
37.000
5.000
2,349.800
86.000
30.000
3.000
163.000
365.500
91.600
224.558
681.658
430.929
614.382
730.842
1,776.153
2,620.811
53.000
436.794
1,806.395
2,296.189
5,036.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Total to
Unapportioned
Date
$210M will be
transferred
from DOD to
INL via 632(b)
Comments
Appendix C
109.8
128.0
159.0
1,033.8
Rule of Law
Investigations of
Crimes Against
Humanity
Judicial Security
and Facilities
Democracy
Building Activities
1,713.1
Infrastructure
1,700.5
1,723.0
44.0
1,735.6
Oil Infrastructure
Security
1,084.0
43.6
1,289.4
Network
Infrastructure
1,009.0
127.0
1,151.8
Transmission
913.0
3,177.1
0.0
0.0
152.0
98.6
14.5
106.5
219.5
0.0
115.0
89.0
204.0
123.0
127.0
1,608.2
Generation
Automated
Monitoring and
Control System
4,220.0
Electric Sector
10.0
106.5
National Security
Communications
Network
U.S. Institute of
Peace (USIP)
219.5
83.2
Demining
Public Safety
Training and
Facilities
115.0
Fire Service
Facilities Repair
89.0
287.2
Facilities
Protection, Mine
Removal, Fire
Service, and Public
Safety Facility
and Equipment
Repairs
of which:
167.0
January
Previously
2006 2207
Apportioned
Allocation
Reconstruction
and
Modernization
of Detention
Facilities
Category
Millions of
Dollars
12.600
12.600
(0.425)
142.797
0.425
142.797
0.000
(0.000)
0.000
2.000
2nd Qtr.
Revised
Action
DOD
1,713.100
1,735.600
43.575
127.000
1,084.025
1,151.822
913.447
3,319.869
0.000
0.000
152.000
98.600
14.500
106.500
219.500
0.000
115.000
89.000
204.000
125.036
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
205.4
0.0
694.8
900.1
0.0
937.0
0.0
5.0
15.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2nd Qtr.
Total to
Previously
Revised
Date Apportioned
Action
USAID
Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund (IRRF) – Apportionment
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
205.4
0.0
694.8
900.1
0.0
937.0
0.0
5.0
15.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
96.8
7.0
24.4
26.7
0.0
0.0
74.0
74.0
42.0
Total to
Previously
Date Apportioned
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
53.600
0.000
0.000
9.200
9.200
2nd Qtr.
Revised
Action
STATE
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
96.846
7.000
24.400
80.254
0.000
0.000
83.200
0.000
0.000
83.200
41.964
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Total to
Previously
Date Apportioned
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
10.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2nd Qtr.
Total to
Previously
Revised
Date Apportioned
Action
TREASURY
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
10.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2nd Qtr.
Total to
Revised
Date
Action
USIP
1,700.5
1,723.0
44.0
127.0
1,289.4
1,009.0
1,607.8
4,077.2
10.0
1,033.8
159.0
128.0
56.2
106.5
219.5
74.0
115.0
89.0
278.0
165.0
Previously
Apportioned
12.600
12.600
(0.425)
0.000
0.000
142.797
0.425
142.797
0.000
0.000
(0.000)
0.000
53.600
0.000
0.000
9.200
0.000
0.000
9.200
2.000
2nd Qtr.
Revised
Action
TOTAL
1,713.100
1,735.600
43.575
127.000
1,289.379
1,151.822
1,608.240
4,220.017
10.000
1,033.846
159.000
128.000
109.754
106.500
219.500
83.200
115.000
89.000
287.200
167.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Total to
Unapportioned
Date
6/6: DOD will
MIPR $2M
from DOD/PCO
to TDA for oil
sector study
per JEC.
DOD/DOS with
some 632(b)
transfers to
DOJ.
Comments
Appendix C
APRIL 30, 2006 I REPORT TO CONGRESS
I C-
1,445.9
Potable Water
C- I SPECIAL INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION
66.4
82.6
35.4
0.0
Major Irrigation
Projects
Dam Repair,
Rehab, and New
Construction
Umm Qasr to
Basra Water
Pipeline and
Treatment Plant
Basra Channel
Flushing
45.5
70.0
20.0
333.7
Iraqi
Communications
Systems
Consolidated Fiber
Network
Iraqi
Communications
Operations
Roads, Bridges, and
Construction
189.3
Railroad Rehab
and Restoration
20.0
45.0
Umm Qasr Port
Rehab
Iraqi Telecom and
Postal Corporation
75.7
Civil Aviation
465.5
7.6
Irrigation and
Drainage Systems
Transportation &
Telecommunications
Projects
179.9
371.9
10.9
271.4
Pumping Stations
and Generators
Water Resources
Projects
Other Solid Waste
Management
Sewerage
31.0
1,759.2
Water
Conservation
2,131.1
Public Works
Projects
22.5
311.4
25.0
45.5
20.0
189.3
45.0
75.7
400.5
0.0
25.4
57.6
50.2
36.6
100.4
270.2
0.0
152.2
31.0
962.9
1,146.1
1,416.2
22.5
January
Previously
2006 2207
Apportioned
Allocation
Water Resources
and Sanitation
Emergency
Supplies of
Refined Petroleum
Products
Category
Millions of
Dollars
0.000
(5.000)
(5.000)
10.000
25.004
16.252
(29.004)
56.900
79.152
0.000
36.700
196.155
232.855
312.007
2nd Qtr.
Revised
Action
DOD
311.414
20.000
0.000
45.500
20.000
189.345
45.000
75.663
395.508
0.000
35.400
82.607
66.423
7.581
157.304
349.315
0.000
188.876
31.000
1,159.042
1,378.918
1,728.233
22.500
22.3
0.0
70.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
70.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
22.6
22.6
10.9
82.5
0.0
286.9
380.3
402.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2nd Qtr.
Total to
Previously
Revised
Date Apportioned
Action
USAID
Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund (IRRF) – Apportionment
22.3
0.0
70.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
70.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
22.6
22.6
10.9
82.5
0.0
286.9
380.3
402.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total to
Previously
Date Apportioned
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2nd Qtr.
Revised
Action
STATE
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Total to
Previously
Date Apportioned
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2nd Qtr.
Total to
Previously
Revised
Date Apportioned
Action
TREASURY
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2nd Qtr.
Total to
Revised
Date
Action
USIP
333.7
25.0
70.0
45.5
20.0
189.3
45.0
75.7
470.5
0.0
25.4
57.6
50.2
36.6
123.0
292.8
10.9
234.7
31.0
1,249.7
1,526.3
1,819.1
22.5
Previously
Apportioned
0.000
(5.000)
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
(5.000)
0.000
10.000
25.004
16.252
(29.004)
56.900
79.152
0.000
36.700
0.000
196.155
232.855
312.007
0.000
2nd Qtr.
Revised
Action
TOTAL
333.714
20.000
70.000
45.500
20.000
189.345
45.000
75.663
465.508
0.000
35.400
82.607
66.423
7.581
179.904
371.915
10.900
271.376
31.000
1,445.892
1,759.168
2,131.083
22.500
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Total to
Unapportioned
Date
Comments
Appendix C
50.0
Pediatric Facility
in Basra
105.0
Agriculture
Education,
Refugees, Human
Rights, Democracy,
and Governance
Iraqi Debt
Forgiveness
410.0
352.3
0.0
85.0
Institutional
Reforms
98.9
40.8
Micro-SmallMedium
Enterprises
Housing
Rehabilitation
Grants
40.2
Business Skills
Training
Market Based
Reforms
75.1
8.0
Vocational
Training
Expand Network
of Employment
Centers
805.3
285.0
Equipment
Procurement and
Modernization
Private Sector
Development
404.0
Nationwide
Hospital and Clinic
Improvements
739.0
206.7
Roads & Bridges
Health Care
127.0
20.8
0.0
8.1
7.5
0.0
0.0
15.6
0.0
250.0
404.0
654.0
191.7
119.7
January
Previously
2006 2207
Apportioned
Allocation
Public Buildings
Construction and
Repair
Category
Millions of
Dollars
0.000
0.000
5.000
(3.200)
3.200
5.000
0.000
0.000
2nd Qtr.
Revised
Action
DOD
20.840
0.000
0.000
5.000
0.000
4.900
10.700
0.000
0.000
20.600
0.000
250.000
404.000
654.000
191.714
119.700
191.6
0.0
98.9
100.0
85.0
0.0
29.5
75.1
8.0
396.5
50.0
35.0
0.0
85.0
15.0
7.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2nd Qtr.
Total to
Previously
Revised
Date Apportioned
Action
USAID
Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund (IRRF) – Apportionment
191.6
0.0
98.9
100.0
85.0
0.0
29.5
75.1
8.0
396.5
50.0
35.0
0.0
85.0
15.0
7.3
141.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total to
Previously
Date Apportioned
27.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2nd Qtr.
Revised
Action
STATE
168.475
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
29.100
0.000
10.000
0.000
0.000
10.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Total to
Previously
Date Apportioned
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
29.100
0.000
10.000
0.000
0.000
10.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2nd Qtr.
Total to
Previously
Revised
Date Apportioned
Action
TREASURY
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2nd Qtr.
Total to
Revised
Date
Action
USIP
383.0
352.3
0.0
98.9
100.0
85.0
44.0
37.0
75.1
8.0
800.3
50.0
285.0
404.0
739.0
206.7
127.0
Previously
Apportioned
27.000
0.000
0.000
5.000
0.000
(3.200)
3.200
0.000
0.000
5.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2nd Qtr.
Revised
Action
TOTAL
410.000
352.278
0.000
98.864
105.000
85.000
40.800
40.200
75.136
8.000
805.278
50.000
285.000
404.000
739.000
206.714
127.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Total to
Unapportioned
Date
$360 million
transferred
to Treasury
Debt account
(instead of
Treasury’s
IRRF account)
12/8; 1/26:
$7,722,361
back from
Treasury from
unused debt.
$25M
transferred to
USAID DA for
OPIC; $0.9M
transferred to
DA for OPIC
on 12/8.
Comments
Appendix C
APRIL 30, 2006 I REPORT TO CONGRESS
I C-
C- I SPECIAL INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION
30.0
15.0
99.0
10.0
20.0
Banking System
Modernizations
Human Rights
Education
Civic Programs
Ministerial
Capacity Bldg.
18,439.000
184.0
12,982.9
0.0
0.0
18.0
1.9
0.9
0.0
0.0
NOTE: TOTALS MAY NOT ADD DUE TO ROUNDING
GRAND TOTAL
Administrative
Expenses for CPA
Successor
29.0
40.0
Governance
USAID
Administrative
Expenses
10.0
186.0
January
Previously
2006 2207
Apportioned
Allocation
Property Claims
Tribunal
Migration
& Refugee
Assistance
Category
Millions of
Dollars
USAID
0.000
0.000
18.000
1.940
0.900
0.000
0.000
3,086.4
29.0
20.0
10.0
81.0
1.5
0.0
2.1
0.0
77.0
29.0
20.0
10.0
81.0
1.5
0.0
2.1
0.0
77.0
1,213.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.6
0.0
37.9
10.0
82.0
Total to
Previously
Date Apportioned
0.0 3,086.383
0.0
0.0
0.0
2nd Qtr.
Total to
Previously
Revised
Date Apportioned
Action
454.804 13,437.700
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2nd Qtr.
Revised
Action
DOD
Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund (IRRF) – Apportionment
0.000
0.000
0.000
11.575
0.000
37.900
10.000
109.000
39.100
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
29.100
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
39.100
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
29.100
0.000
0.000
10.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2nd Qtr.
Total to
Previously
Revised
Date Apportioned
Action
TREASURY
Total to
Previously
Date Apportioned
89.800 1,303.639
0.000
0.000
0.000
27.000
2nd Qtr.
Revised
Action
STATE
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
10.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
2nd Qtr.
Total to
Revised
Date
Action
USIP
17,894.4
184.0
29.0
20.0
10.0
99.0
15.0
30.0
40.0
10.0
159.0
Previously
Apportioned
184.000
29.000
20.000
10.000
99.000
15.000
30.000
40.000
10.000
186.000
0.0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Total to
Unapportioned
Date
544.604 18,439.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
27.000
2nd Qtr.
Revised
Action
TOTAL
06/13/05:
Apportioned
via 632(a)
$184M to
State D&CP
account for
follow-on to
CPA operating
costs, per
FY04 supp
language.
Comments
Appendix C