MASS.INSTITUTE'"
OF
TECHNOLOGY
N\AR 28 lo~J
LIBRARY.
\
149-0 B
I
~ff-~k.
JJ
"III~~h~~
kit;frCY~~
4-
~z7dv~~:I~d~~~-d:v
;::~~
~=
~~~~/~~b
~-dv~~?7~/::/~?~
~~~~~d~0/~
/~.~/?~~~
~
~k.
?/~~~
... +~~~~.Z:;dJ47~
k¥~~~~d~~
P~~/7v/d-~~~-
~~~?V~~
~~~)~~7~W3t7{lCW/CIlU/~
6-
7
"
j--
6
//
4-
{y-
II
n
II
/I
~~
II
II
"
~,d~r~~~
~//4~#n/~~~/~.
"S!
II
II
II
dvrz
II
"
/
-2..
t1"
2J t;-""
-2 8- 0 ""
' ~
'~
,.
"
..
,.
"
"
II
.=Date..
rr.,l11If 7/iM.
-
-
11 7ANl
fie
-
Res,
~a~e
,.~
7.
I
po-nd.. J:T~1r(;
~tes
t.3G.4-
1.8G
--300
1 36.S"
'.8S
~oo
.:J)el-l:.V'eG{
I
cte
-
-vvaie-r
aCt:~:ge
:IT~1U-
\tfCLte-r
1..3(;
40
Tf.~ 7-ib<l: :rGtelltvel'
tAst(13~
1.3G'
,
1Jbib.1...
-yfO..f.eJr
:J}e"1."1.Y"e3..
34-0
A-o .. ~3+o
I
c-tc, .
../
..~du7.7v~~~~~;d~
~a:d.~~./VY{/-&tr~kc6
~~fi;>ad~~v~.
~~
t:z:4(~
~~-6/i
/~~J~~
~
)~~
~a/~~J-AA£/
-A-<!//~~~~
k~~7~~-_/
~~
z:;v~~~dv~d
~4~
tH/~~//-
,I /~~
~~~~~-c-
~f~7w~d:7:-dfvA?~~~~~
~U/~~~~U//~
~~~~zj;;d~A/b
J¥-~~
. ,/L/~
~~~~ad;;-~~~A2/
r~~~
~eA/~~~
~
17..'.:
. '('1 .
)00.)
Wi"
SECOND
EDITION.
0
".
.
~ .'
..
~.... . ~ ~
"
,', ..
",
,
",
... "
.......
,
.....~~
".'
.~- ..
--
...
',~"
-
,.,
.'
-,-
'>0-_-"-"
-.....
-......
..
,
..""-'-
* ~.~ "",
'<'
, '."
',-..
...
"
.
',-..
........
.
'~
..
..
."
.~,
""'_
-".,
.,.
,
•
_,-
0/
.
...
"
_
~
•
.,",
..
,l ..
~'
._,..
... ,.,
..~ ..
..~. -~-
--
~
"'-
"
."''''',.'j
......
-.,:. ...
..
-,
'.
. _ ..
",;~.
-
'
.~.-.
-
... ,
'.'
-. -
-
,-,
~
'.
--
..
''-'
...-
,.
"""-
.
"
.
:,,:,':'The,_Holy()ke,:Watei:~P6~v.~rC6mpany
..
~
.. '
>
...
,
~
,
',"',"
-..-
~-,
'~Onfrols t~e.~9w. 61 the Connecticut-
.. "
River; at HolyokeiMass.;: oriaJaiiof~earl y6ofeet: ; Above its'dam,.is -a. drainage :..••.••
.•...
.:";are~ v{ 8, i4~squ;re iriit'es,'a:5~mea~{ired.'Ori the:~bes~inaps.in existence' at. thepreserit. "~:'..:: ',',:-.::'.
.v
:',' ..:titne~:~:"At::.this~:~d~at~,there...~re'~n~af)Y,,':.I5~Qoq:hq~s.~.po,wer.in'.~~~.by,day, andover ':"="':".:'
...••8,000 .by :night;.o[whicij; paftai-e.up~i~ari~ntP.owerS;"heldby:
the .p~rtie~ .using. ... .. • .
,..-the~:-uhder ind~ntures;.~~tid'.stibJ~.tt.:t«a~riuaJ '~e~t~J):;~d' ,th~:bal~nce' 'are~"surplus":~:'.':-:'.~.....
. ~", 'p6\~~t;,'!heid.bYJIi~'F)~t~ies
~sing:the'i.n~sybfecftowithdrawal'af'short"
~otice. ~Sur~ ."
....:~.:~
..plus p6~,~~i~
are ..p~i({.foi.jt6!I!'.~d:~
y:'t~ ':<fiy;:~alicLa.~c~rding ~f~-:.t~e:ainouri t 'us~d. ..In _.
.
'. ,tim~:'o(.atought:,'i~us~d,~ft~~<Pt~lii~itio9~"~he
p~!iies' so 'llsing,~~~.iiabl~ to"a'heavy, .
'.<,'.perialty~':~:The~re.a~e.at,'date'L39\Va~te.r-~vhe.~Is: .in'. ~se 'in'H oly~~~,'o(\vh ich •.'5'9. run.
.,,.'
.'~.::.'~bout:i6h~urs pe'r"day',=-an~".~o'.n~nfr9~m:E>i1}day~:~miCl~ightt6S'~t~rdaymi4nigllt, or: .. ' ,.
. . i44' h6~r~.'p~r ~vee.k;::'.th~' 4tirhber'.bf"dlstin~f
~s~abli.s.hrrients.~operat~d~. by" these .'
.
. whe~h;-j~:abQutiQ.'Ob~erv~tioils
,".
are taken giVing theopeniIli(of
each'.:\~iie.el':~nd.: :'t.he..':.h:~~d,
..~~.ting":~pq.~it,':Qn'~~a diy~: ~nd.'~rice
the s peed-gate.of
aiiri~g each
..
night.
, " .~:T'he.s'e'.afe c~~e!~jly:pre~~r~e.d'a,flq fr6ni 'thet11:"~r~S~.9nl
p~tedfhe ~moun f~ discha~ged~ ...
.. .:D.y eac~':,vhe'el'and ,bfeachestabli~hm~nr,'~~i-i'ng.tl~e quarte~year, and:the"" surplus ...,
: .:'PC?,~er'~l,,:'tli~s:,"sho'wn:"t()-:h~v~~b~en_:ti~~dj~
'~Cli~.,'fqr.at.th~en(L offhe., quarter .....This:'
..syst~.~l~r~.~.~it~}~ec~n~~yjn th~us~e'o('~~tei;where
otherw,ise there'~ould ~~gr~at. ,::'was'tefultless~ '.:.In.'ti~es' ofjo~:,~a't~r:r'it:.:re~t~i~t~:lheuse'
of water, and, "when'need: ,
,......
,b~t:co~,fine'~.:allparti~~ fiilh~irjndentured":q~~~t.Itie~
;'~wh.iI~~bef~re>theJ~t~oduction-:'.'"
.•..of this, system of m~ri~ge~el1t, some partieswo~ldpersisqn
~sing much ~ore than
, :.thei.i-':!awful"ciuantitx '~ta~iand,.atall'ti~es,'an~tin
entlre'.d.ist:egardqf. therigh~~':'o('
.,~-ny':'~'tJ?er.~:parties.,... 'F 0'(',', the.'pl,1rpe~~.':of.',maki'iigthe,~riec,e'ssary.' ~~pe~im~n tson •the .;'
' .. wlieeIsonheide~ants,
beforeth~y,areset iilllleinnls, t~eJ;loi'yok£ WaterP ower-.
':: :c?; h~biIil t'ataJil1;~~: olltlay,a p~rman~nt tes.ting fIume, shpwn .o~the-accomJ>any:'. :~<, .
. '!ugdrawing; :Ov~r this't~stingfi~~lJ"is '~.~ubstantialbrick building containing n~.~.. , : ...
.....:..pair~5hops,biicksmith ..sh~Pt an'~~i(~o.om' an4.'offlces.'.Whe'eIs'are.
tested: her~. both'. ,-':~
..... . for "pc)'ver:arid"£oramolitit:of -watet-"di~~.h~fgecL.::.:.rhey' are'usualiy,':tesfed.
or:: '6.':::'" . '., .....
. dia:er~ni~pe~'ingso o[th~.speed:g~te; ..rat1gitfgfro~wide
'op~n, to the' open"ing at ~ hich'" ,"....'. '" ',~
:it ~5"
~
,
:.:=,._';:~.".,.,,,,__ ,,"~'~' ~,~_'..
'-
.. ...
~"'~ ,'~
J"
~
~
••
_,
","~
.,.
:':,_
,
~
"
....
",
•
.....
v".
'''''''''''''''.
"#
.. "
.•
,
..
~
,
,
....
' •
.the disch~rg~ is one-half that:at full op~nirig~'.~rid' ~t' 5' br '-6 different velocities of,
revolution at each gate ..opening:"ma.ki~g- some', 30 ()dd,"eip~riments"iri 'all
:each
. wheel. . The final resulris,thaf
for'all-practicaf"purposesth'e
.~~t'~~~~heel.h~s-.be~n'.-
on:
c~p-' .
c~riverted, into a: w~termeter,. andit~':di~bhargemaY:ge.ktio\Vritiride~
ariy'of,t~e
.. ditions u~~l.~rwhich it is' found i~'t~e'mill ...:Besidesthi~~:it~ '~fficiency,'o~.:.th~-'vait1e:"','
" of the wheel as a water.-moto'r;.is 'also kno\~n::::,:.,'. .. .~:::,:::.~: ,-' '.'..'
..,..
",
.
'-'.B~ing fitted :to"make the,se.test?ar.any.tiine,
~umcier<'ind ::wint~r;"and ...:with''''
many t.eststo make, the'e~pense.'o(a'si~gle,tes:t
whenm~a~bY'~he'Hblyok~,.~ate'r'~:-""
'~ower Co.>ri~ed:be bufmoderate'~':.'IIl 'fotmeryears'sud~
t'estscouI4"~e .Inacl~":qnly'::'. ;:.
in .the mills' .wl~ere<the\~heel' happeiledjo:'.~e" set, ~and.'iE grea(expep?e:'for:, :p.tepar~~'~,". ...
tion, all of ~whichpreparation wasiv~iIable fpr'th~t 'one ,\vhee.1only~'.~'Il1.::this"v~)''the'.'. ..
- :.:.;" cost"of. a'.wheel'test might ,re<adily-ainoti~t,t?, :$~,S6o;~'~~~~-reth~:'.I101yoke '~,at~r:,,~'~:,,'
. .. Power Co.;:wouldnowuridertake
to' Q()itfot<$~ 00 rir~'lso~::.:An~this.ha.s~ gradti'ally .....
. .: . ~.. .led to the maki~g- 6fagreafm~ny",~~ee(t~sts'each:yea~,f6i':0~tsid,epartle~;~se,Ii4'irig-.'..•.~
... ..~ wheels)rom all'pads: ofthe.U :"5.: . Te'stsfor' th~pubiic.are'made
'subject.to' the.te-:,',:.'
." quir~ments of the'circuI~;,givenjn:~he:'.J.\ppendix.,:"'-fYs
':\vill b~ seenfroll1.;.the'des~' .":<
,,' ~'~riptio_n' ()f'thetestirig-flume,
it is. sultable,':nioreOvef,-tq~:the'-in~king
~fhydrauB~':...,~
'exper,iments,:,other 'than theeffici~ricy.test.
.such,'from '.time totim~.
.
,.
o{,vheels,'~rid'
_. ',....
~~iII~o~oub(be::us.e~F{or-,~ ,
......"
...".
. ..~The.~'hde'r-grou nd' po r~.io~ of!~ ~:.,~~~ting-fhlIn~' .con~.~s
t~'~.iri"th~"main~.o(.:th ~~.
or
. trunk
pe~stoc.k,At bringing t~e.~vatep ;.~'~s()rtof ve~tibule;, ~ '~:anante~~h.~l1,lber;C_'; .
th~ \yhee};.pit,'DO;and t~il-race;E .... The'ttllQk,'i\>is;'of-boilet:iion,.'abouteJ
feet:ih
..
. "diameter,laid'lo~~,.do\Vn in 'the g~ouncl,.ioas:'t6'pass 'lbngihidi~'al1y.~rid~rfhe2e};tre
ofa 'street, '~ndth'us' takeup.~ol.?9d.sui'table.forbuildingp~rposes;."
The:objec.tof.':,--'
.the vestibuleB is.simplj ..to afford:bpportu~ity 'for th~'appli~ation o(-the'-tw~ 'head- ..
~gat~sJ G G.: .Besid~s these, ther~ is ~'he~d-gate at' the" point qf entry of the',tr~n'k~A" .
:into the can'alwhen'ceh takes'th~\Vat~f.'.~,AsrriaIl
trunk,f~ab9~t 3Jeet'iri'diarii~'te~,,::~: .
takeswa ter from this .vestibule, independentlyo£thegates
'G, ..a!1d'i~ads'. 'it ...to ~a"'tiir~ '. '. "
-=':bi~ewheel, H,'sefin:an. i~on."casing,.in" the ch~;nbei orpl~,",C".~().that th'is\vhe~l'ca~
r~n,evenwhenc;. ..~~.'emp(y.. ,'This wheel discl~arge~.t~r.ough, the'flooraf thebotto,in:'
."-of C, thence.thr~ugh th.ear~~'t. an~.the.:~upplementary
tai1~rac~','K, :int~_th~::s'e~6nd:" ,'.,.
.1~~el~anal.'''' It'is:use~ to"op~~'~~ethe'rep~ir 'shops ;-also, to lif~:~nd"lo~~~the-g~t~s:'--_ ..
.. -.: ::G:. "The'cliariiber. C is. b9undedpIl qne"'side by :a,'tier,' of. sto~21an~. J~,.aIld:'on . an-':".. ..
':."',.....~other si'de~bya tier.,6£"stop~plari~" rvl; .'.The:6bJ~ct'~fthe"stop-pl~Ilk:s'
:,:~)s t6.~affo~d.:__
:~.
••••
•
..-.,
.......,
.'
.
..
'.,
<'.
......,
.,
.,.....
.,....
.cnam
'.
. ......
. a waste-wayou f offhe
berC~;thi~ 1~o{espe~i';r useinregulatingtheheight'
. .
'of th~:w~ter wheri'testitiguncJer }Qw':'head~;,'al~~'to 'skim'ofr:th~:~~i '.floa'tir!g:~9~~---tl;~:"
:...
...\~~ter,\vh'ichha~'dr~pped
down ...fronf.':Jh~~:.dyri~monieter ~:..The .. \vate:t t1}tis.w~sted' '. _..
':.'
~.:' .
. .. .'
.,.-" ...... :,'"
.- .•.:~.:.. :: ... ""
..,.","
..-: ..
'
'
.
,'"
".
'_.~'"
ov~~the plank~ L,falJs directlyin~6 thetail-raceK
an,dpasses' into the second level.
The'stop~planks M'come intouse'when'testi~g'scioll~_()r_cased
wheels. In that event,
,'D is empfyofwateran4
the wheel-cas~' ingu'estion.' is Cl,ttached to the plal1ksM,
()yer~ propel:"opening cut througlithe same.:~ ~ai'ge':~ase-\vheelscould be set-in the
~ehtreofD;
'~uid.the,vate~ beJedt~ fhe'm bY,ashorftr!1nk
penstock, leading froni"
.,an, <?pehirig'c'ufiri' th~'plank~",M. 'Flunlewhee)s:~r~
se( inJh~',centre,of
the'flooro£
or
filled \vith \Vater." ~Theydischarg'e tJ.ll~9ugh'th~ floor of :D, (not shown , '
QIl ,the'dr~~wi~g). and' otit'C?f,t~~,three.~ul:verts,:.N,J'{:Ninto
..the" 'tail-race E. 'At' the
, ,,'d()w'n:st'~e~m end:'~f this'tail~race is the measuri'ngwe},i':::O,the.,cr~~t ~b~irigformed of
" , ,3" pi~(;e,ofpl~ried:'wroughf
iron. " It'~ange~Used';\ylth",:or 'with()tlt.~~d co~tra'ctions.
:-".0, ahdD'is
,Thedepth"of,vater'o~,
the,veir;}~'IneCl.5'ure4,inClqu~rt.er:cyITnderP,
"set ina 'recess,
, 'Q,fasl;ibp~~ii,~to.the'sides
of the tai1-race~ "These recesses' an~ water~tight,' and the
.. ,, Qbservet istijus ~ri~bledto:'staiici.,,;iththewater-leYe.I':ah()ut
bre~st7high, ot", at convehient.'h~ig~lt for: accurate,'observati6h>;.'The
met,h.c>ds~ot'.n1'easurillgw'ater .over this
wei~a~~jho~'e 'desc~ibedin'Lo~~ll.,I-I. ydraufi~:Experi~len ts,by: J al11es B...Francis.
',~p:this",()rk are~detp.iled'atgrea~length-ail'.the'-experi_nients,
made to'~'stablisha for~'
. mula:; whic'1-,'sh~~ld express th~ '~elations between' the quantity' of water discharged
per secondl the ~engtli~o{ :\veir, ..and the"depth of \vat~r~u'pon that - weir .. , The 'ex-
a
, peri~ert.ts:'cohsi~ted
o(l~tting largevolume~})f
~ate~ r.un 'over.)veirs
ofvari()ussizes,
.andfo~rins, a giveh-Iengtil'of time, and of catching, the water tl1u~ .alioWedto flow
.~ov~r,ina. meas~ting ta~k; .•Irithis: coiln~~y~~h~se,experiIl1~'nts
areweU known, and
th'e ,foi-rnuia\~hith\v'as .derive'd fro~ them'has~e,t.wi~h:.generaJ'
acc~pt,ance.
To
those \yh6 at'e'hbtfamiiia~withthe
bookang'\vhq.1Vi~h ~tolearn'the authority for this
n1eth6d'of 'me~sU:ring.~vat~r,)ts study.is' strongly' i~con1111ehded.,'A pr"atform R sur'r6unds :th~'tail-~ace~'arid' issuspencl~d from~theiron,bea'n{s ,th~tr~of 'it in~ A hove
"the .tai1~~ace\'isa stre~t~.'-:Ihe.'wheeis~ to.be.'.tested ,atriye ohthisstr~~'t,
~reli£ted '
f~6ni the,v~go'n"bY' air~v~l1i~g\ylndl~ss.thar
rtiri~ .ouf' ona £rame~wo~k over the
street, are i,u~jntothe'.~lliidi~g','a.nd
l()~vered into',the wheel;pif.D. . Winding stair~,
le~diI1to, ~passage' way that lea~s 'in:turh toil1e platforin,'R."
In the well 'hole ' of
thesestairs,'isseC~p,thegl_ass,
tijb~whlch)neasures,.
the'h,eado£
',vater UF)On'~~e
"wheel.' If'is connected" with 'the .pit p o£)he'ch~rnhe).'C~"byfu,eansof
pipes'running
through "~cast-iroiipipeT' huHt into tIletnaso rtry d;\,mwhitl1 forms th~ down-stream
. .end of tl1~",heel-piLD: Tilepoweris weigIi~d'bya l'ronybrakeiconsisting
of ~
.~ast~iron pune~,surrounded'~by:a"
hollo\v, bras~.,'band'.'through'whi~h,
a.st~eam of~,
,wa!~i:',:is'allo,~ed tQ,drculate;.aiid'a"b~nt
leve'iand:Lwei'ghts~ ,t~, 'hold' the ba~d and
pulley In place.'.~Fivesizes
of pulley 'and ha~~~ar~. us~d;' to, weigh differen t sizes of
whe~ls.~"Th~Ji~it~,of
powe~'~v~igh,ed'have':beenfroin')
1-4,t<{230: H.~.
.Heads'
have varied from 4.to 1'9' feet."To.enablethe:ob~erver
at the j)-rake~.wheel; t~~~o~~''',.'
at the' head' ga~ge,a~d th~' ou'e at,..the~,~ea~uring'~weirtotake.simul~an~ou.s
~,~bs~!'y.~~.':~.:'
,,-tions at intervals of one' triinute, an'eiectric:tlock"issetup"ln~
'the .:tes~l~g'fltime,'
.
'vhich rings three bells simu1t~neoll.~lyat'irite~~ai~~.?fone
,mintite, .or.:o(.half:a ..mil!"'::
, 'ute if desired. " ,'''. . ... ... ,..
. . '. "-' .,.. -.-~... ~.... :::...:""
.::, .,.,.... : ~: -'._:'
js..b~il~.)~ .. a ..~~r.~bi~~.arid:.~ffici~~t.<nian.~~~~-':'Th€~':pits::;;...:
" ... The .whole', ?tr'u~tu;e
.and, tair-~ace .'are.all lined \Y.it~pricl<laid':i'n.:cell1~~t. <~'~h~- st6n~':~aso~~y:iv~:jh.~'j
tended by carefulwot~
. the brick lining
~obe,.~a~,~~-tight '.w~.t~~uFth~~~biicKlinfng~ ahd',":
artd'groutin.i:
w~s then. carefullyJaid .up withjoirits{ulf
of mortar
itsa~-e;tfu' p;~_::
.cautioil~ 'As acon'seqtien_ce,:~the"~ront 'of-th.~ ,wall f6rmirig~:the-~'do,~n~stfea~,~:sid'e'o(:~: :
.the pif D; isbarely,damp'Ylth-~o:£e.ethe~4~o~.wat~r:up'()"n' it, "'The~flooi<~{~the 'pit',
....D is built
so tight.thatan~
exacFmeasurement oith~ leal<~geoithe. ~h.eeI~gitte~ould; -_.
b~ made~"if, des'ired.".-An. apP~o?,i~ate: estitnate'. is' reidily _made byJilling'th~'::pi t~.be~'~:':~
fore the tail-race is~all(nved".to.~l! ~p,\i~~ app:6:rti~'ning'tbe ,:total:::rri~~suied' l~ak'~g~'t~'"":'
.'.bet~een the iea~ageof the \vheel gate', a~dtliat oI~thefl~tri~.:,-:.~.,~,"-":'
,-_.'~'
.'.,
,,lJ, VW'.show thre~,vaste;.pipes-:Ir6tri ',th~'~estibuie, ~nt~:.chi~'ber, ..~h(i,f~i1:':... :~
.>. ::-"'::'.,:'~-
~~~t~~
race resp~cti~ely. ' 'An~~hernot ~how~ _~eryestoa~,~~ ..t~e
o~f-~T~'nd:thf~l1gh<:~
th~ floorof.thepit:
D! ,'To cl<?s~~r open. th~se ,vaste:pilie~:they ,are' fitted ~-ith' the' . _.
"-j::asesbfsn~allwa ter -\V.heels, w!lich :.!~usJ?rm',con ve.nien t ~~1;~~~: £9r-.~'he':'p~rp6se'.-iri. ,~:,:~~
dicated.', TIle, waste-pi p~ V,. serves .a~s?:~to"help: regulate theheigli t:of:ir~ter" in". th'e':::,:-~
:'.,ante.chaIJlbe:r and 'pi~ b;duringtests'.u~de~'io\V.heads~'
:)~.,"~....-;.-'~'"'L". ":"':''':':>'.~,;.~'.'.''"..
,
,Th'~,pipe.'VYleads:~i,n~q
~•.,sew~r..on' :t~t::.o!he:~~side' of':ih~"'secorici. le~el::~~~aL"":
and the~ce into the river.: It:~n~1:>.ies:the,:tail-rac~':JQ"~~e)riptied>ot:'\~~ter-do~~n,J6: ::',.
:C'
.. within someten inch~s6fthebotiomplankihg.;.-'
.•..•.-...>-.
Up t~ date- the' HoiYbke:':Water'Po~er.~_~~';ha¥;'~'~est~d"~8s"~heels~:o£:~hi~il-":-'
.:~
~b~ut I 25 ",\ve~~teste(i'Jor,"th:~pi1bii.~,'~alld,.the-re~t ,soie)i hi.:I,t~:own' 'i~tei.e~ts.e:'.;This ~,.','~~
.,'represents~ome .three' yea~s ;"wo.rkin' the ~.r~s7nt,', fl urrte,.Cl~~:i.ii,~n9t~ef~iess: ..pene~t" ,......
and' of a te~porary
HOLYOKE,
.
natu~:,only,,,vhic'h" p~ecededit ...:.~:..:.
_:;, ..:, .. ,
M.~~s.,.U. 'S.A'.,.July,e,I'8,,'I~83''''~:-:'''':::''-'':
.~,
_
-;,-".'
....
'~
...
,:,....
~'
'.'
...
.",~.
-
......
>
,"'"
'.
-...
~.
•
.
••••
"~"~
..
-'.- .....
•
'.'
'
'
-.-,
"
......
....
,
.....
'"
.... - '.
, ..
'
~
b.. ....
""
"
"
._-~"' ..
",.,
,
,
~~
.. ,-
.,
••
-'>
,......
-,
; ..
-
,
-
~~
..
,"""c
,,'-
~
"<,~
..,
_
'
-. __
••
,
~-
.....
..... ,"".
<
4'..,
....
,
."!
.•
"'. __ ,-,-
'-'-
'" ..
...
'
'..
' .• _V','<
.
-.
'.'
.
...,.IIi"
••.
"
,
.
...'
~~ .....'.
"
'"
'
-.,-.
",,,,
.~'~"
~~.'_~_'
,,-.~J'-".,
'~--.''''''.
-
_, ",
'_"
~'
..
~
' ..,
••
'~"_'~
>0.
.
k'
~_
..
, .... ',
~~.... . .'
:'
'"
..
~
~"
. ~. "
'"'
.....
,-'"
... '-.:~',' ..._~;.~;.; .~.=:-.;_.::-... -'~ .~....
.: 'To:;.MA~tiiACTURERS;"W~TE~~
•_.
:.'
,_
.......
~ ... "
'''"
....
"
....-"
";
..
.~_.,.
....- -! -,
_••
".'_'
......
0'''_ •.
..,.,.
- .
".
I~< 1883~'
.-.. .... ........ ~ ..... , .....
....,.,~~~,_
;.
•
_
..'.,
~'.,;
••~,~.;"_
.. -'
-
.. ,.,,,.,,
.. ,."'
,.-
." :.,::::
'- ... - . '"
.
-"-~-'''''.:.'
'~~.S\t~TERiPO\VER
'_""'-"
-...
', .. ~.
•
' .. ~~._'''-~
..
~~
.......
,-".
-'.
~
.-
..... <
' ••
: . ,:.:.~ .
~.
~">'''
•
.
.•
"_
"_ .
. ... _ O. ..
,..
•••
"'..
.'5
~
.M
_'. ~'""_'~ .... ,...
' ....'
..
'~
..~...-,., .~
,~ ...
,". .' ._..-.....,:.- ...'~<..~.. We h.a~e.:ci>1Ppieted.our ne~' Testing
."
,~
;
.
.
,~.oty6~~t .¥A~S.t' J uly ..
..~..
....~" ••• ',- ~
....
,._, •• ,.. ... "'"
Wit~:'Ei: BUILDER'S,'"ANDtES~O~R~
L,.
~
, .....
~:~.~<
...:;:.'.::_:
...~:~....
'.>: '.-.~ .:.:,;.~.;.GENTLEMEN,~:.,: .•'::,:.
•
•
,"
, ...
Flume, and,
- t~r~ish~d it with .~pp~r~tus.to test-~h~els -of.~ny'of.:the~.usual diameters~,(t~e ~pit is
'2ofeetsquare}a~'d6f
a~y'p()~~r.-~ptd.23~',.H .. p~'.'.~"~'::' '~-".'.,.:.:'.: '..',."
,',';...:,.: I,he.~~astiri~g.weir.-Ii~~.'a:cap~cft}rof:2o()'.~ubic:f~et.'petsecbnd.;:,'
," .,
4 ter 17,a~d iii some cases, ne~~ly
• .. -_.Whecls.canbete~ted.~und~ranyh~adJr<im
"~i9
f~e~..~.",P~Ft.i~.~
~ending"w~~el~':~~?u~d'~cdmp~y,~it~_fh~, foll~wirig: airectio'~s:. ", : ..•
. :- .,.' The whe'e! s'houJdbe'.'sent'ready tos'et.,' .-::~,~.:
... '::::'_.
':''':
'.'
., ~_'
.: .::'.....For:wh~el~.~f
25'}L'P~'~~ less;h~ve'.d'is't~ri~e"fr'()~ platfor~~' OIl which. wheel" :
:":.reststt():t~p()f~~haft:'4,.i~~t"'-3"rndie~~;"have."4'.inches':of:top'of
'.shaft<2' inche~ in' di.'.::' '
~nieter;-with l~_~ysea:t}-;incliwicie arid3-i6d~ep. ;:'-c: :::
....
, Forwlie~ls25to7S
H.p~,plat£oiJn:to fopofshilft,5
...•....••......~.. .. ..• . -. ':
f~et, 6in.; sinches
of
:. tOP'o.fsll~fti'il1che~:~.n 'diClD.1et~r;.,'key-s'eat~
,9-16 x :3-16..iriches."'
.. ~. '-,' -.. . ',' .
..
'" : For wheels' 75 ft ,P., or- ~v~r,:plat£o~ni~to ~top'of.sha:£t; i f~~t:; 6 inch~s of .top
.6{~ha£f 4"inth~s ilidianie~~~;.k~y:;e'~f"'I "i~: x":3~~t:,. '.~..:,:. ,:'..
'
...~.. .'
'pri~'e
t~d
t.~
. ...: _...'. ' The
.c.lf test ~n(lQL.a' ft1il~ncl :cax:efullycom pit 'rep-ott,: is.! 0 .p~r ".~en
..of Iis"tprice' ~f-"vhe~i~j;uf'no ~whe'elfo~.i.e~s"~h~~.'.$30~."'The' sender to'pay.f~eight and' .
:' ,car~age. "::~cfoll~h~~ls, ~'~:wheels:set,:in.i1-6n,.~aSestmaycost fro~$lo.qo
to $15:00, "
"possibly'more,:inadditi~n~"
'"';'~""~:""~<'
.:':.':,
,',,,,,~~:,':','"
c'
•..
'"
.
-,-.-
.."
...
.
....
,.
..... ~ .. ':',;:.:<: .....:.:'..::::::..--.HOLYOKE
;....
-, " ."
_.'
"
~':.:':'-::C'" ..:.: ',:,"~~:.::~~:"
......:.~.. "
•••
...
:::,:',
:' ••
::'
'k
.:'
••
,.,
-'''''''
',--",
~~'
...
. -~. "c".
""
,_......
.....
".
...
~.
"
-,,"
,.
.....,
_
<.
~
......
..
,-..,
...
If'l"-~"
'.
..,',-
",~
",
c,
•
,,~
.,
'_.
,
.. ,
-.-
~"";:,,
..-.;, -
to: :.:'.
"
,
-"
,.:HO~YOKE~ MASS..
_'.
..
_.
..~,
-
...wATER.'POWER
:,,:.~:,= .... ~:..:; ";'
.'-
,'-" ,., ..... ~
.. ~
...
,>
,,~b-.
,
,
......
,.
'"
......
~.~
1.4-,
I :I
I
I i
II
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
III
II
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
III
I
I
. I
I
I
I
I
I :'
I
Ii
13
12.
.11
:Jl
I
I
I
I
II
I
I
25
/~ / ~~. ,Yk~~~
~~r~~~/
.' /1
.
~8---t!zv/~/<,
~~&d'4?A/vd~;(;L~.~
~/#C/~,
~
~
C1JdL;;Ph /~'~/'"
'
J~
:A-b~/-t;v~
/d.>~
~~A0C~~
/~
:.--t
~~0~P
~~Ub
/dut~~1;tk~
~~kot+~~dU/r~
-----n--v.
~
~~~
~;r~
f!,G
~/-&i~~o/1:~
~~7
//?j;/WPA1/
~~
~
;!;tb~~
~
~~/U/?U/~~-d~~
/a::i~
~W--dA--t>?/d~~/~/~//
--<udtut>a4/~~~CbV~~
rr .. ...
/U/~~
~~
~/tLv~
~
::J~/~LJi/tTU/h7/
~-ttUt~abUV~
/i:~/idv~~~w
~~4I~~~~eJi
-/iT~
-/<
~~
'
~(~~~~dud7f~
-::i-~~~Z&~~dv~~t:~~~~?-~~
~~
,
~
"-
20 fi-rti;Le,s.
)6B;LliJ,eb.
--w;i£ttlL.
Sia, W-Lath~
~
b
'7
~
J3~;l-
'TOp
0.198
0.20h
,5
a
0.060
',068
0,2
.201
,20-3
0 ..
4-
19
. 19.9
.~oo
0.6
,052
?,o
.2,00
.2,0'
0.5
,0.95
.200
,202-
'.0
., , ,
95
.;202
'.2
. ,4-0
,.4-
., 7IL
~
•
oJ
o
.078
•
..3
.Zoo
4-
1195
,200
,.6
l~o9
5
,197
. '97
J.5
.2'30
G
. '95
.2-00
2.0
,24-2
2.2 .
.;203
2.4-
.,,5
b
.0.0 ,
I.iL£t
0'.2
00
of ,Sra:te , . Zo
six .=c
. ~~c/:I
a.
7~IC
c..
I,~;J;B;th~ b)=.~ .4-4ft ~
"
(C~2.06-tt.
'\
~e}o"oH.
29
HOLY.O.KE TESTING FLUME.
Numhorof
Exporimcnt.
-
I
"
.:
~
II. J"
.: I," :''J..
: ~
I.'
'1,
~
1
:.
:.
:.
~
~
~',:
;'
I "".i:
I
,,,"
n;_.~
I
~
•
I
l,))'
j
'
~l:'
0
~
~u,
;'
I:
;
..
\ O. !
.....'
,:, '''';:;!v..l ..
:,
:
I"
8 ......
,"-'
]lroportl'on"l G"tc
.0 .. ..
OpcniIig
l,,);
Hend on
wiICCJ.
Depth 011
Weir,
;
,
-;-
'~~t t-s ~~~ ~~~~ ~u::l ~~a\
f ' ...
i
During
the above experiments,
. 10westcoup1in~
was
•
the weight
tho wheel.
I
'
.
:
of tho dynamometer,
'
an~ of that
portion
R'~
j-
-l
Dyna:::::;:~l?~,ove.,
Ibs.
of the shaft which was ahove tho
lbs.
With the flume empty, a strain of
sufficed to start
~ ~\li\ ~~. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~i
l~s., applied at a distance of
ft. from tho center of the shaft,
,
VI
0)
~~
b'\
(JJ -
- -~
t9. :.. &>
Q?
~Nlu
+-
CJJ
U'
lS"\
0>
l'J ~
(5'. 19 .~
+lS>~~o '. r--------- o ..-:-._--_.--
~
~ <5'\-r~
+~ ~ Q-\
N~N~~N~
{,o, LS>
5"\ ~~~
G1..:r ~~-.('
5'> S'\
o ~
ls> .V\ '_
-t -r role
(»)\)
(j\
~~~~~N~
(])
0\ ~
-f-t
-;--
i
~...:r ~ ? ,0- p p p 0 :p
~-r -c..:..z ~
~O(XlC)'\Vo'-l"S)
a, o,.:.x..:.r
~N~N~NN
I::
;
~
f
:
D\-l..{ :
t\} ~ ~
i
-
I
--------.,
...,.-,"'1
i;
I
'.
~
~
~
IJ~
c:
;,)
Cj)
;,)
CD
~
Jq
~~
c:
tIl
0
0
I';"
,t
~
o'
t:l
~=-
#_"t
~."
"0
to
't1 to
9
Z
~
0
0
r:t
I'd
13
0
(')
(1)
(I)
CIJ
.F
0
~..~~.
g.
~
t-1
0
0
0
i:tj
~
Ul
trJ
Ioi
'"
0
(J:)
trJ
Ioi
Il'
~0
~
(;.
~
=
=
~
c
~
({)
~
~
t
OJ
::'
.'
~
.....
. 0'
~
Pi
:<Y\
~:-
.~
G
:"
S:J
"1
:)q
s;
~
00'
~
Q
0
a
JJ
~~
cr.l
g-
t',)
en
rn
e1"
CD
0
c:'
~
~
~t:l
a ~....
=~ =s:
~
t:l
0
(;.
0
~
X
C
:=B
9
CD
C
~
CD
t:l"
~
0
....
lJl
......
t:l
8
CD
CD
"1
=
en
CD
<
0
CD
::0
....
~
P1
.-
~
0
~
:-
CD
Il'
t:l"
~CDt:l=
~
....
~
00
o?
'::'
!
0
~
~
Pi
~
CD
"'1
Il'
~
I';"
CD
0
t:::l
c
~
?
0
;-
hi
:-
t9
t:l
e;:
q
8
0
t:l
Il'
«
0
Z
?
rt'
....
o?
rn
+S"
~
~
::
CD
......
:a~
....
0
~Il'
~
~=
CD
CD
'0
S
CD
1-3
-:
-
8
H~
• I
0"\
'~
~
~
0
~
~
~.
~
~
~
.~
}1.
S
I
)b
~
0
....~"
lj
p
~
~
~
E
~
0
!
H~.
~
~,
~,
~),J
~
~
~
;..,
~
,p
-'0
-~
.:'
:1
-.
0
~t:l"
t:l
CD
b
~~
r~ "
~t
j,.~
• 0
Il' -,.:~
0
.....
o'
;1
"'1
t',)
<
t',)
~
~
Z
0
~
5\ :0.
"'1
(l)
.;.r
f'
S
Q
~
~~.
CD
Ol s
0
*'
.?
CD
Il'
"'1
CD
=0:
~
I I I I
I
I
TIME TAKEN.
NUMBER.
I
:
\
!
I
I
I
I
I
~
F. P.
s.
FEET.
~
M
~
~
~
~
~
LEAK OF FLUME .
GATE LEAK.
ESTIMATE OF
HEAD OF
Q REDUCED TO
c.
PASSING WEIR.
QUANTITY
i
DEPTH ON WEIR.
HEAD.
-.--;---;--------1
fO~~~P~8'
a. e,x;
---
I~-'--:---I
0
trj
~
~
~
tiJ
L
,
~~~,
~~-dv
t2b~~
~ak~4dv~~~£
7~~r
.~~dId'
.
(j~~~
/O~~
~~L~a;r;:ldv
/-kta£~,.c..........,.",,~_/.............
L~
~3
~.
'./sAA/~Ji;;
--.~~
....... ~~Q/~d~~
. .
~~';:/SLPPMX)
/#~~~dv~
~
:7kv~~~
~i;;d'
.
~~
.~?
. /dddAv~
xk ~
71P= WX xLxC
=.----
jj,ooo
P~Wd:/~~~~
R=~I~#~
L =~i;;r-/f~~
c~/~r~
34-
L~/~-t~~tbv1'dv
c.zil/~6,JlcS/6-~dv
/1
~1f:~~/O'O;:'4
~
"
7f/~R~~~ki-
-dv~?~_
~t-~k
~d!V~
/~~.~d/~
6. c37 e5x cJ. /1;-/ b x /o.oz 1;33,000
I-
1\
1-1-1-
H-
+- ; I--t++
1--
4++++++-V
+-1- f-+-I-f-H
~H+
1:t=L
I-
1-1--- .
I-
I
I- 1--
1..
1- ~
1-I-f-
1-1-\
f--
r
I
1---
-t-t--+tt-f--H-t-t+
lI-
-,-ir
.~I-H.
'
-+-1-+-1 !
H-
~
1-1- .
I
1--t-H-t-I-t-I-++-+++++++++-f-I'l'I--t-H-t-I-H-'I'+++++-t
~~-d~4~~c
~~~
.t1'U/
4~
~ 7/U1
~..
61
~t/~t7U4&t-
~
~~41/~~~#~
-z/{d~
L
J2::
61 ~tlv"
.
~~~d/~rLtF~
\'-vdlv/~ :: vvt~/t--Ltwt7/ft;
'J~
C. ::~~&~U/
R
bol
=
_b7X
I
/2 X bO X
r:ZZx/5.-:/stf~
.33 xJ. /Lf/~
~~
Y~~/t~~fr*-
---u£/-b4U/
~~
~
t:&
7U:V
~rf4v~
"
//eavvk~u
,/~
.
4!f
~
__
taldH2kdVl/CAAUlfr~t-
~~trib~~
UrteJr
d~o?/6~,L;402,
du dUUV~
2 oX.24o~
:.b)V~.4o
~~&vd~
th
rf1kd
)i
=4.1'04
~
;?k,zV.1I/U/?~
Z7.
I
7/kfz
N.V/WV.
AAuu
C=7'f~:Larit~
;4--
/l~iatA4-UUi~TA&C/.
i/Uk~~
, '. G-x4-. 504- x t.og X Ylg
C- _
L
, ~2.2.~
- 4.1o4xt,oLXrrl
C =.Sb7t=~r~ck~
fr~~f/1b)
12,23
Te~;t OAt
CL
33'.1Y.lYCp;c,:tni,c}-\
"ROl.2fi>1ce $,,~O:U'l~.
~-d..o.;lt
f{at<;-
:&o;p]}is .I-ICJiA
~-J~
~J),sr
?-9-30 189,
:e£f-iJ!,.
1.000
,.ooS
11.3Z
I
1.0
74-.36"
0.197
0.185
0.890
11.55
'2.40
G9.4-0
0.816
:0.6.34-
0.715
, l.lOA-
,~ ..6
.!J-g.G;2
CJ.195
0.49.3
0.04-2
1.3.~'
11tp.5
5G/~;Z
0.,£4-
0.571
'0.515
IZ.54-
115.0
..35,,(;
o.G01
0.24-,
o..3G,
, ~.b.9
Z
105.0
.
;'3.00
. 0.515
-'
:FIE
:B-(fi~.
B~50
155.1,
8456
I Z.99
8,,62
197.34-
B.5 ..3~
0.797
13.0.9
83.00
1'11.
0.554-
0.6,7
,.3.
'7
88.00
'2J9.Zy
77099
,0.4-.4-
0.54-2
13.93
8425
I 'O.2b
70.84-
, erate-
~op])-t.s~
";000
".00
0.818
:Recta
I(evs
, 1.62
0.895
0\685
I
,
Qa;le.-
E-;r,ot)D;~c
~AA
77
52..3.9
.
-=aeY/3,
J-'IP.
;b..f-tte.
rOl.-3G
6~.3o
I
'.000
0.999
t45f
,,4-0.00
0.50B
0.9o,
14.67
,4-450
95.5.3
8:3.65
0.64-0
0.19 l
14-.95
1.3 8.5'0
5:2..55
BI.;l.
0.5'0
0.665
15.06
/'4-5.33
lQ5:4-.3
15:96
0.3
68
0.52,
,5.35
,.34:50
A-/.4b
68.32
0.227
0.'.354-
Ib.29
J
2G.33
.2(;.,3
5!5.GZ
4-.9
/
JF~
r;{~~/?VddoJ-
~ot~~~~E~~-1
'. ;;;
---,' ~~t/~~/l
~~-
A/~::::i~~
,-/..
,&etrfAAh/~~.:tLu~
d~~~~(l.
et&~~~L
~ .
~
,~~
7(1
:-YL
dv~
~d~~
~aAA/-
~~
~~
· /l/L~/£-h/-&!tzoU
~
~-!;
1Z~k£~~~
~~.z;k
i
5tk~~~/d~
(fr,
~~ffi~~
·