SOWO 804, Organization and Community Behavior Spring 2008 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Social Work SOWO 804: Organizational and Community Behavior 9:00 am-11:50 am, Tuesdays, Spring 2008 Tate-Turner Kuralt Building, Room 113 Instructor: Walter C. Farrell, Jr. Office: 548K Tate-Turner-Kuralt Bldg. (919) 843-8318 (0) (919) 960-9284 (H) (919) 960-9275 Fax wfarrell@email.unc.edu Office Hours: 7:30 pm-8:50 am and 12:00 pm-1:50 pm, Tuesday, and MWThF by appointment for all students. Course Description: This course explores theories and models for understanding the behavior of human service organizations and local communities so that they can be helped to provide needed services and supports. Course Goal: An understanding and sensitivity to political, structural, economic, and institutional factors, which define and shape advanced practice in human service organizations and communities to preserve and strengthen families through social interventions. Course Objectives: Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: 1. Discuss and analyze a broad range of organizational and community theories, and to include examples of structural, developmental, environmental, feminist, and transformational perspectives. 1 SOWO 804, Organization and Community Behavior Spring 2008 2. Apply appropriate organizational and community theory to the assessment of organizational and community development status through case analyses. 3. Understand and assess the leadership roles of public and nonprofit human service organizations in strengthening families and building community assets. 4. Understand the contribution of professional ethics and values in human services and community practice, especially to oppressed, vulnerable, and disadvantaged populations (e.g., persons of color, women, GLBT persons). 5. Identify patterns of institutional discrimination and oppression within organizations and communities and understand the “political and policy processes” that can be engaged to change an oppressive condition. 6. Demonstrate ability to use organizational and community behavior theory to understand problems occurring within organizations and communities and to recommend problemsolving strategies by: A. Identifying behaviors within a specific community or human services organization that have contributed to problems in functioning, and B. Describing structural or process changes that should be implemented to improve functioning. Texts: Weil, M. (2005) The Handbook of Community Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. (Text will also be used in SOWO 874; it can be purchased in the Health Affairs Bookstore.) World Wide Web and online via E-Reserves. To access E-Reserves, go to the main UNC Library page (www.lib.unc.edu) click on Reserves (under Course Materials), click on “SEARCH for Electronic Reserves and Course Materials,” and search for “Social Work” and scroll down for SOWO 804. To access readings on the class website, type in http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO804/, and then go to syllabus, readings, etc. (readings can be directly accessed by clicking the appropriate link from the syllabus). 2 SOWO 804, Organization and Community Behavior Spring 2008 Expectations and Evaluation: Students are expected to complete assigned and independent readings, contribute to the development of a positive learning environment in the seminar, and demonstrate their learning through written assignments and seminar contributions. Assigned readings are identified on the proposed schedule. Students are also expected to do independent reading related to their particular interests. Students are also responsible for all assigned readings! Written assignments: The assignments will provide students with opportunities to examine the political, economic, and institutional determinants of human services organizations and community behavior, and their ability to strengthen families and add to community assets. They must be submitted when due, and they should be prepared on a word-processor in accordance with APA guidelines, 5th Edition, the format required by many leading journals in Social Work and related fields. An applied midterm assignment will also be given. All assignments will be evaluated on their CONTENT and the MECHANICS of GRAMMAR. Points will be deducted for verb-subject disagreements, run-on sentences, comma splices, sentence fragments, etc. Definitions and Leadership Presentation (8 pts.) Due January 22nd. Define the following terms: Leadership, Formal Leadership, Informal Leadership, Organizational Behavior and Community Behavior. BRIEF REACTION PAPER (15 pts.): The brief reaction paper will address the following topic: Impact of Organizational Attributes: Hasenfeld (1992, pp. 3-44) discusses several distinctive attributes of human services organizations in the context of today’s social work practice. Select one of these attributes and discuss why the attribute does or does not characterize your practicum (or other) agency. Support your position with specific examples and appropriate documentation (e.g., agency data). Then, discuss the implications of your conclusions for: (a) service delivery and (b) organizational-environmental relations (4 double-spaced pages): Due February 5th. Be prepared to present a summary of your paper and discuss your observations with the class. MIDTERM EXAMINATION (15 pts.): Applied “Leadership Exercise”. Details will be provided in class. This take-home exercise will be distributed on February 26th and due in my first floor mailbox on March 4th by 4:50 pm or emailed. 3 SOWO 804, Organization and Community Behavior Spring 2008 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR JOURNAL (15 pts.) Keep a journal in which you describe your observations of “formal” and informal leadership” by your supervisor and/or other employees in your agency/organization in accord with the agency/organizations mission and/or objectives. Draw upon class readings and discussion to inform your observations. Due March 18th. Email me a one-page handout listing “key points” on March 17 by 6:00 pm so I can distribute in class on March 18. Be prepared to present a 2-3 minute oral summary of your journal, and to discuss your observations with the class. THERE WILL BE REGULAR UPDATES AND POSSIBLE REVISIONS ON THE SCOPE OF THIS ASSIGNMENT BASED ON CLASS FEEDBACK. Since you will have presented the organizational chart for your organization in a previous class, your journal should include the following: • Observations of staff adherence to the “formal” organizational guidelines of your agency/organization; • Observations of staff adherence to the “informal” organizational guidelines of your agency/organization; • An assessment of how these behaviors relate to the implementation of your agency’s mission and objectives; and • Describe any unique processes/behaviors that you observe. You should also draw upon the class readings, handouts, and discussions in reflecting upon what your observations mean. Don’t hesitate to offer your own perspective on how the organization works and what you would do to change anything. Draw some final conclusions. COMMUNITY BEHAVIOR JOURNAL #2 (15 pts.) The second journal should describe the behavior of leaders in the community served by your agency/organization (grassroots leaders, elected officials, civic leaders, religious leaders, etc.) on behalf of the clients served by your agency/organization. This information may be gathered from discussions with agency personnel, review of current periodicals, and interviews with community leaders, if possible. Due April 15th. 4 SOWO 804, Organization and Community Behavior Spring 2008 Describe examples of general and specific community behavior(s) in the community population served by your agency/organization that impact, cause, and/or drive the delivery of your agency‘s services in its target/service area: • This information can be derived from anecdotal information, agency records, interviews of agency staff, personal observations and interactions, review of current periodicals, and interviews with community leaders, if possible. • Observations can also include an assessment of advocacy and/or legislative initiatives and can be synthesized across the groups below: o Community grassroots leaders, o Elected officials, o Religious leaders, o Civic leaders, and o Individual citizens. THERE WILL BE REGULAR UPDATES AND POSSIBLE REVISIONS ON THE SCOPE OF THIS ASSIGNMENT BASED ON CLASS FEEDBACK IN-CLASS EXERCISES/CASE STUDIES (32 pts.): Each in-class exercise and/or case study will receive a maximum grade of 4 points. (Students will be assigned to work in groups). Evaluation of seminar performance: The final grade will be based on an evaluation of seminar contributions, and written assignments. The criteria for grading written assignments will include: following directions, precision, responsiveness to the task, use of detail in explaining theoretical concepts, practicality of recommendations (tested against whatever research evidence you provide), clarity in writing, and proper use of APA style. A cumulative score for the course, as a whole, will be computed as follows: 8 pts. Definitions and Leadership Presentation 15 pts. Brief Reaction Paper: Impact of Organizational Attributes 15 pts. Midterm Leadership Exercise 15 pts. Organizational Behavior Journal 15 pts. Community Behavior Journal 32 pts. In-Class Exercises/Case Studies 5 SOWO 804, Organization and Community Behavior Spring 2008 F = 69 and below, L = 79 and Below, P = 80-93, H = 94-100 Policy on Assignments and Attendance Students are expected to attend all classes. A formal excuse should be presented to the instructor when make-up work is being requested for an absence or missed assignment. You must be present to participate in group and/or individual presentations. Policy on Academic Dishonesty Please refer to the APA Style Guide, the SSW Manual, and the SSW Writing Guide for information on attribution of quotes, plagiarism, and appropriate use of assistance in preparing assignments. All written assignments should contain a signed pledge from you stating that, “I have not given or received unauthorized aid in preparing this written work.” In keeping with the UNC Honor Code, if reason exists to believe that academic dishonesty has occurred, a referral will be made to the Office of the Student Attorney General for investigation and further action as required. Accommodations for Students Students with disabilities which affect their participation in the course should notify the instructor for appropriate accommodations in instructional and presentation format. Students observing religious holidays should also notify the instructor, ahead of time, if the date(s) conflict(s) with the class schedule. NOTE: ASSIGNED READINGS MAY BE SUBSTITUTED AND DELETED. (PowerPoint Presentations Will Be Posted On Day Of Class.) AN AGENDA WILL BE PRESENTED AT THE BEGINNING OF EACH CLASS. 6 SOWO 804, Organization and Community Behavior Spring 2008 PROPOSED SCHEDULE Date Topics and Assignments January 15 Introduction, Class Overview, and Syllabus Revision January 22 ORGANIZATION AND COMMUNITY • • • • What is an Organization and Why Study It? What is a Community and Why Study It? Leadership in Organizational and Community Practice Evaluation of What We Already Know Assigned Readings: Weil, Chapters 2 & 4 Recommended Readings: 1. Johnson, K.B. “The Development of Progressive and Sustainable Human Complex Systems: Institutions, Organizations, and Communities.” http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/h umancomplexsystems.htm (22 pp.) 2. “Introduction and Definitions for the Study of a Community.” http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/co mmunitystudydefinitions.htm (6 pp.) 3. Developing Effective Study Committees. http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/ef fectivestudycommittees.htm (4 pp.) 4. The Study Committee and the Community. http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/st udycommitteeandcommunity.htm (4 pp.) 7 SOWO 804, Organization and Community Behavior Spring 2008 5. “The Relativity of Community Behaviors.” (April 10, 2002). http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/co mmunityrelativity.htm (20 pp.) 6. “21st Century Organizational Trends.” http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/or ganizationaltrends.htm (3 pp.) 7. What is OB? http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/w hatisob.htm (2 pp.) 8. Martinez, B. “Shot in the Arm: How a City Aims To Give Minorities Better Health Care --- Pittsburgh Hopes to Satisfy 2010 Deadline by Using Voices With `Street Cred' --- New Gossip at the Hair Salon” in The Wall Street Journal (July 10, 2002). (4 pp.) (EReserves) 9. Stich, S. “She Makes Their Voices Count” in Parade Magazine (August 17, 2003). (1 pp.) (E-Reserves) 10. Marion, R. and Uhl-Bien, M. “Leadership in Complex Organizations” in The Leadership Quarterly. Volume 12 (pp. 389-418). Elseiver Science, 2001. (Available through UNC Library E-Journals) Assignment #1 (One Page of Definitions and Oral Presentation of Leadership Experience) Due 8 SOWO 804, Organization and Community Behavior Spring 2008 January 29 UNDERSTANDING ORGANIZATIONS: INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL THEORIES • • • • • Hx of Social Welfare Administration The Nature of Human Service Agencies Traditional Approaches to Understanding Organizations The Institutional Ecology of Human Services Organizations The Political and Economic Determinants of Human Services Organizations Assigned Readings: 1. Hasenfeld, Y. “The Nature of Human Service Organizations” (pp. 3-23) in Human Services as Complex Organizations Hasenfeld, Y. (Ed.). London: Sage Publications, 1992. (E-Reserves) 2. Hasenfeld, Y. “Theoretical Approaches to Human Service Organizations” (pp. 24-44) in Human Services as Complex Organizations Hasenfeld, Y. (Ed.). London: Sage Publications, 1992. (E-Reserves) Recommended Readings: 3. Walonick, D.S. “Organizational Theory and Behavior.” http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/or gtheoryandbehavior.htm (17 pp.) 4. Hunsicker, F. “Organization Theory for Leaders.” http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/or gtheoryforleaders.htm (10 pp.) In-Class Exercise/ Case Study #1 Bring Your Practicum Site’s Organizational Chart (Typed Graphic) to Class to Discuss Implications for Organizational and Community and Behavior 9 SOWO 804, Organization and Community Behavior Spring 2008 February 5 TRADITIONAL APPROACHES TO ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE • • • • Types of Organizations Complexity, Formalization, and Centralization Explaining Organizational Structure The Importance of the Environment Assigned Readings: 1. Dinkelaker, A. “The New Frontier in Democratic Theory and Practice: Organizational Forms that 2. Simultaneously Optimize Autonomy & Community” http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/de mocratictheory.htm (13 pp.) 3. “A Holistic Model for Organizational Management.” http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/h olisticorgmanagement.htm (5 pp.) 4. “Organization Structure and Design.” http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/or gstructureanddesign.htm (10 pp.) 5. Drucker, P. F. “The Age of Social Transformation” in The Atlantic Monthly, November 1994. http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/ag eofsocialtransformation.htm (33 pp.) Reaction Paper Due on Impact of Organizational Attributes (and 1-2 Minute Summary Presenation) In-Class Exercise/Case Study #2 10 SOWO 804, Organization and Community Behavior Spring 2008 February 12 ORGANIZATIONAL ASSESSMENT • • Integrative Model of the Organizational Life Cycle Implications for Service Delivery Assigned Readings: 1. Hasenfeld, Y., & Schmid, H. “The Life Cycle of Human Service Organizations: An Administrative Perspective” (pp. 243-269) in Administration in Social Work, 13 (3/4), Haworth Press, 1989. (EReserves) 2. Bailey, D., &Grochau, K. E. “Aligning Leadership Needs to the Organizational Stage of the Development: Applying Management Theory to Nonprofit Organizations” (pp. 23-45) in Administration in Social Work, V. 17; Haworth Press, 1993. (E-Reserves) Recommended Readings: 3. NCHPEG Organizational Assessment. http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/or gassessment.htm (4 pp.) 4. Organizational Assessment Questions http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/or gassessqs.htm (2 pp.) 5. “Analyzing Human Service Organizations” http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/A nalyzingHumanServiceOrganizations.pdf (12 pp.) In-Class Exercise/Case Study #3 11 SOWO 804, Organization and Community Behavior Spring 2008 February 19 THEORIES/MODELS OF COMMUNITY PRACTICE COMMUNITIES: LARGE ORGANIZATION? • • • • Why Do Communities Behave as They Do? Defining Community and Community Development What Theories Apply to Community Organizations? Social Capital Assigned Readings: Weil, Chapters 5, 6, & 7 Recommended Readings: 1. Jennings, M. “Community Practice: A Training Ground for Social Work Students.” http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/co mmunitypractice.htm (14 pp.) 2. Moore, A., Hill, L. “Models of Community Development Practice.” http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/m odelsofcommpractice.pdf (5 pp.) 3. Portes, Alejandro. “Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology.” http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/so cialcapital.pdf (24 pp.) 4. Hardcastle, D., Wenocur, S., & Powers, P.R. Community Practice: Theories and Skills for Social Workers (pp. 1-57). New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. 5. Johndon, K. “The Devlopment of Progressive and Sustainable Human Complex Adaptive Systems: Institutions, Organizations, and Communities,” University of Maryland, 1999. 12 SOWO 804, Organization and Community Behavior Spring 2008 6. http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/h umancomplexsystems.htm 7. Lemann, N. “Kicking in Groups” in The Atlantic Monthly, April 1996. http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/ki ckingingroups.htm 8. Putnam, R. “Bowling Together” in The American Prospect, February 11, 2002 (V. 13, Issue 3). http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/b owlingtogether.htm In-Class Exercise/Case Study #4 February 26 ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY FROM A TRANSFORMATIONAL PERSPECTIVE • • Paradigm Shifting The Meta-model of Organization Assigned Readings: 1. Banner, D. & Gagne, E. (1995). “Transformational Thinking: the Emerging Paradigm,” (Chapter 4) Designing Effective Organizations. (pp.45-57). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. (E-Reserves) 2. Banner, D. & Gagne, E. (1995). “Creating the NewParadigm Organization,” (Chapter 5) Designing Effective Organizations. (pp.57-75). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. (E-Reserves) 3. Banner, D. & Gagne, E. (1995). “The Metamodel of Organization” (Chapter 7) Designing Effective Organizations. (pp. 89-100). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. (E-Reserves) 13 SOWO 804, Organization and Community Behavior Spring 2008 Recommended Readings: 4. Seeking Science in Art: Meta-Level Modeling http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/se ekingscience.htm (12 pp.) In-Class Exercise/Case Study #5 March 4 MIDTERM EVALUATION (No Class) March 11 SPRING BREAK March 18 FEMINIST PERSPECTIVES • • • What is Feminist Organizing? How is it Structured? What Theories Apply? Assigned Reading: Weil, Chapter 19 Recommended Readings: 1. Fournier, V., & Kelemen, M. “The Crafting of Community: Recoupling Discourses of Management and Womanhood” Gender, Work and Organization. V. 8, No. 3 July 2001. (pp. 267-290) Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers. (E-Reserves) 2. What is Feminism? http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/fe minism.htm (6 pp.) 3. Calas, M. & Smircich, L. (1999). “From the Women’s Point of View: Feminist Approaches to Organizations” in Clegg, S.R. & Hardy, C. Studying Organizations: Theory and Method. (pp. 212-251). London: Sage Publications. (E-Reserves) 14 SOWO 804, Organization and Community Behavior Spring 2008 Organizational Behavior Journal Submission March 25 THE LEARNING ORGANIZATION • • What is a Learning Organization How would you turn your Organization into One? Assigned Readings: 1. Senge, P. (1990). “The Leader’s New Work: Building Learning Organizations” in Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990. (pp. 7-23) (E-Reserves) 2. Lipshitz, R., Popper M., and Friedman, V. “A Multifacet Model of Organizational Learning.” http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/m ultifacet.doc (51 pp.) Recommended Readings: 3. The Learning Organization http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/le arningorg.htm (4 pp.) 4. The Learning Organization http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/sk yrmelearnorg.htm (7 pp.) In-class Exercise/Case Study #6 April 1 POWER, DEPENDENCY, SOCIAL JUSTICE, AND MANAGING DIVERSITY • • • • Perspectives on Power in Organizations and Communities Patterns of Institutional Discrimination and Oppression Patriarchy and Social Welfare Work Empowerment Models 15 SOWO 804, Organization and Community Behavior Spring 2008 • • • Work with Vulnerable, Disadvantaged, and Oppressed Populations Conflict Management Cultural Competence Assigned Readings: 1. Dressel, P.L. (1992). “Patriarchy and Social Welfare Work” in Hasenfeld, Y. Human Services as Complex Organizations (pp. 205-223). (E-Reserves) 2. The Mature Use of Power in Organizations http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/m aturepower.htm (4 pp.) 3. Module 2: Cultural Competence http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/cu ltcompetence.htm (7 pp.) 4. Cross, T. “Cultural Competence Continuum” http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/cu ltcompetencecont.htm (3 pp.) 5. Cultural Competence Discussion http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/cu ltcompdiscuss.htm (2 pp.) 6. Cultural Competence http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/cu lturalcompetence.htm (2 pp.) 7. Brooks, D. “People Like Us” Atlantic Online. http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/pe oplelikeus.htm (6 pp.) 8. Diversity, Conflict, and Organizational Effectiveness http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/di versityconflict.doc (9 pp.) 16 SOWO 804, Organization and Community Behavior Spring 2008 9. “Power and Empowerment” from The Action Guide for Advocacy and Citizen Participation http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/p ower.pdf 10. Bibikova, A. and Kotelnikov, V. “Managing CrossCultural Differences.” http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/cr ossculture.htm In-Class Exercise/Case Study #7 April 8 DECISION-MAKING, MOTIVATION, AND INTER- AND INTRA-ORGANIZATIONAL COORDINATION • • • • Decision Making Theories Theories of Motivation Coordination, Collaboration, and Network Formation Team Building Within and Outside the Organization Assigned Readings: 1. Models of Ethical Decision Making http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/se venstep.htm (6 pp.) 2. Theories of Decision Making http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/de cisiontheory.pdf (4 pp.) 3. Motivational Theories http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/m otivationaltheory.htm (3 pp.) 17 SOWO 804, Organization and Community Behavior Spring 2008 4. Endogenous Theories of Motivation http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/en dogeneousmotivation.pdf (4 pp.) 5. Schopler, J. H. (1987). “Inter-organizational Groups: Origins, Structure and Outcomes” in Academy of Management Review, 12 (4), (702-713). (E-Reserves) 6. The Basics of Team Building http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/tea mbuildingbasics.htm (4 pp.) 7. Managing People – Motivation http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/ma nagingpeople.htm (3 pp.) 8. Leadership Teams http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/lea dershipteams.htm (3 pp.) In-Class Exercise/Case Study #8 April 15 ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS, CHANGE, AND INNOVATION • • • • • • Traditional Models of Effectiveness The Contradiction Model Transformation and Organizational Effectiveness The Dynamics of Organizational and Community Change Organizational Decline and Corrective Action Facilitating Change The Five Dysfunctions of a Team Assigned Readings: Weil, Chapters 31 & 36 18 SOWO 804, Organization and Community Behavior Spring 2008 1. Stevenson, J.F., Florin, P., Mills, D.S., and Andrade, M. “Building Evaluation Capacity in Human Service Organizations: A Case Study” (pp. 233-243) (EReserves). 2. Building a Sustainable Innovation Organization http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/su stainableinnovation.htm (4 pp. in landscape) 3. Managing Innovation http://www.unc.edu/~wfarrell/SOWO239/Readings/m anaginginnovation.htm (4 pp. in landscape) 4. The Five Dysfunctions of a Team, etc. (Handouts) Community Behavior Journal Due April 22 COURSE WRAP- UP • Achievements • Evaluation 19