3.10
Urbanization
Urban
population
millions
1990
2005
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Angola
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Belarus
Belgium
Benin
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Hong Kong, China
Colombia
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Côte d’Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Czech Republic
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Finland
France
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Haiti
162
WDI07 section3.indd 162
..
1.2
13.2
3.9
28.3
2.4
14.6
5.1
3.8
20.6
6.8
9.6
1.8
3.7
1.7
0.6
111.7
5.8
1.2
0.4
1.2
4.7
21.3
1.1
1.3
11.0
311.0
5.7
24.0
10.5
1.3
1.6
5.0
2.6
7.7
7.8
4.4
3.9
5.7
24.2
2.5
0.5
1.1
6.4
3.1
42.0
0.7
0.4
3.0
58.3
5.6
6.0
3.7
1.7
0.3
2.0
..
1.4
20.8
8.5
34.9
1.9
17.9
5.4
4.3
35.6
7.1
10.2
3.4
5.9
1.8
1.0
157.0
5.4
2.4
0.8
2.8
8.9
25.9
1.5
2.5
14.3
527.0
6.9
33.2
18.5
2.4
2.7
8.2
2.5
8.5
7.5
4.6
5.9
8.3
31.7
4.1
0.9
0.9
11.4
3.2
46.7
1.2
0.8
2.3
62.0
10.6
6.6
5.9
3.1
0.5
3.3
% of total
population
1990
2005
..
36
52
37
87
68
85
66
54
20
66
96
35
56
39
42
75
66
14
6
13
41
77
37
21
83
27
100
69
28
54
51
40
54
73
75
85
55
55
44
49
16
71
13
61
74
69
38
55
73
37
59
41
28
28
30
..
45
63
53
90
64
88
66
52
25
72
97
40
64
46
57
84
70
18
10
20
55
80
38
25
88
40
100
73
32
60
62
45
57
76
74
86
67
63
43
60
19
69
16
61
77
84
54
52
75
48
59
47
33
30
39
average
annual
% growth
1990–2005
..
1.0
3.0
5.2
1.4
–1.4
1.4
0.4
0.7
3.7
0.3
0.4
4.3
3.1
1.0
3.5
2.3
–0.5
4.9
4.9
5.6
4.3
1.3
2.2
4.6
1.8
3.6
1.4
2.1
3.7
4.0
3.7
3.3
0.0
0.7
–0.3
0.4
2.9
2.5
1.8
3.4
4.0
–1.2
3.9
0.3
0.7
3.8
5.7
–1.7
0.4
4.2
0.6
3.3
3.8
3.3
3.3
Population
in urban
agglomerations
of more than
1 million
Population in
largest city
% of total
population
1990
2005
% of urban
population
1990
2005
% of urban
population
1990
2004
% of rural
population
1990
2004
..
..
8
15
39
33
60
27
24
9
16
10
..
25
..
..
34
14
..
..
6
14
40
..
..
35
13
100
30
15
28
24
17
..
20
12
26
21
26
22
19
..
..
3
17
23
..
..
22
8
12
30
..
14
..
17
..
..
14
40
37
49
25
41
45
32
24
10
..
29
..
..
13
21
50
..
48
20
18
..
38
42
3
100
20
35
52
47
42
..
27
16
31
39
28
37
39
..
..
28
28
22
..
..
41
6
21
51
22
51
..
56
..
99
99
61
86
96
100
100
..
55
..
100
32
49
99
61
82
100
32
42
..
59
100
34
28
91
64
..
95
53
..
..
37
100
99
99
100
60
77
70
70
44
97
13
100
..
..
..
99
100
23
..
73
27
..
25
..
..
77
18
45
..
100
100
..
12
..
100
2
14
..
21
37
96
3
44
..
40
99
17
2
52
7
..
52
1
..
97
10
100
95
97
100
43
45
42
33
0
96
2
100
..
..
..
94
100
10
..
47
10
..
23
..
..
10
17
39
37
61
27
22
13
18
10
..
31
..
..
37
14
..
..
10
20
44
..
..
35
18
100
36
17
29
28
20
..
19
11
20
23
29
20
22
..
..
4
21
22
..
..
23
8
16
29
..
15
..
25
..
..
15
33
36
57
24
42
43
35
25
10
..
26
..
..
12
20
38
..
49
20
21
..
36
40
3
100
23
33
49
46
44
..
26
16
23
34
29
35
37
..
..
25
34
21
..
..
45
5
19
49
17
46
..
64
Access to improved
sanitation facilities
..
99
99
56
92
96
100
100
73
51
93
100
59
60
99
57
83
100
42
47
53
58
100
47
24
95
69
..
96
42
28
89
46
100
99
99
100
81
94
86
77
32
97
44
100
..
37
72
96
100
27
..
90
31
57
57
..
84
82
16
83
61
100
100
36
35
61
100
11
22
92
25
37
96
6
35
8
43
99
12
4
62
28
..
54
25
25
97
29
100
95
97
100
73
82
58
39
3
96
7
100
..
30
46
91
100
11
..
82
11
23
14
2007 World Development Indicators
4/1/07 1:25:30 PM
Urban
population
millions
1990
2005
Honduras
Hungary
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Lithuania
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
2.0
6.8
216.6
54.5
30.6
12.9
2.0
4.2
37.8
1.2
78.0
2.3
9.2
4.3
11.5
31.6
2.1
1.7
0.6
1.9
2.3
0.3
1.0
3.4
2.5
1.1
2.8
1.1
8.9
2.1
0.8
0.5
60.3
2.0
1.2
11.6
2.8
10.1
0.4
1.7
10.3
2.9
2.1
1.3
31.7
3.1
1.2
33.0
1.3
0.5
2.1
15.0
29.8
23.4
4.7
2.6
3.4
6.7
314.1
106.1
45.7
..
2.5
6.3
39.6
1.4
84.1
4.5
8.7
7.1
13.9
39.0
2.5
1.8
1.2
1.6
3.1
0.3
1.9
5.0
2.3
1.4
5.0
2.2
17.1
4.1
1.2
0.5
78.3
2.0
1.4
17.7
6.8
15.5
0.7
4.3
13.1
3.5
3.0
2.3
63.4
3.6
1.8
54.4
2.3
0.8
3.5
20.3
52.1
23.7
6.1
3.8
% of total
population
1990
2005
40
66
26
31
56
70
57
90
67
49
63
72
56
18
58
74
98
38
15
69
83
17
45
79
68
58
24
12
50
23
40
44
73
47
57
48
21
25
28
9
69
85
53
15
35
72
65
31
54
13
49
69
49
61
48
72
47
66
29
48
67
..
61
92
68
53
66
82
57
21
62
81
98
36
21
68
87
19
58
85
67
69
27
17
67
31
40
42
76
47
57
59
35
31
35
16
80
86
59
17
48
77
72
35
71
13
59
73
63
62
58
98
average
annual
% growth
1990–2005
3.6
–0.2
2.5
4.6
2.7
..
1.5
2.6
0.2
1.2
0.5
4.1
–0.7
3.4
1.3
1.4
2.9
0.6
4.4
–1.2
2.0
1.4
5.7
2.5
–0.7
1.6
3.8
4.8
4.5
4.7
2.9
0.9
1.8
–0.3
1.2
2.7
6.0
2.9
4.2
6.4
1.6
1.2
2.6
4.0
4.7
1.1
2.7
3.4
3.9
2.6
3.5
2.0
3.8
0.1
1.7
2.6
Population
in urban
agglomerations
of more than
1 million
Population in
largest city
% of total
population
1990
2005
% of urban
population
1990
2005
..
19
10
9
23
26
26
43
19
..
46
27
7
6
16
51
65
..
..
..
47
..
..
49
..
..
8
..
6
8
..
..
32
..
..
16
6
7
..
..
14
25
19
..
11
..
..
16
35
..
22
27
14
4
37
44
..
17
12
12
23
..
25
44
17
..
48
24
8
8
20
51
71
..
..
..
50
..
..
55
..
..
9
..
6
10
..
..
35
..
..
16
7
8
..
..
14
28
23
..
14
..
..
18
38
..
31
26
14
4
39
67
29
29
6
14
21
32
46
48
9
..
42
37
12
32
22
33
67
38
..
..
57
..
55
44
..
..
33
..
13
36
..
..
25
..
48
23
27
29
..
23
10
30
35
33
15
22
..
22
65
..
45
39
27
7
54
60
28
25
6
12
16
..
41
47
8
..
42
29
13
39
24
25
73
43
..
..
57
..
49
42
..
..
32
..
8
33
..
..
25
..
60
18
19
27
..
19
9
33
38
36
17
22
..
21
53
..
54
35
21
7
45
68
3.10
Access to improved
sanitation facilities
% of urban
population
1990
2004
% of rural
population
1990
2004
77
100
45
65
86
95
..
100
..
86
100
97
87
48
..
..
..
75
..
..
100
61
59
97
..
..
27
64
95
50
42
95
75
..
..
87
49
48
70
48
100
..
64
35
51
100
97
82
89
67
72
69
66
..
..
..
31
..
3
37
78
48
..
..
..
64
100
82
52
37
..
..
..
51
..
..
..
32
24
96
..
..
10
45
..
32
22
..
13
..
..
27
12
16
8
7
100
88
24
2
33
100
61
17
51
41
45
15
48
..
..
..
87
100
59
73
..
..
..
100
..
91
100
94
87
46
58
..
..
75
67
82
100
61
49
97
..
..
48
62
95
59
49
95
91
86
75
88
53
88
50
62
100
..
56
43
53
100
97
92
89
67
94
74
80
..
..
..
2007 World Development Indicators
WDI07 section3.indd 163
environment
Urbanization
54
85
22
40
..
..
..
..
..
69
100
87
52
41
60
..
..
51
20
71
87
32
7
96
..
..
26
61
93
39
8
94
41
52
37
52
19
72
13
30
100
..
34
4
36
100
..
41
51
41
61
32
59
..
..
..
163
4/1/07 1:25:35 PM
3.10
Urbanization
Urban
population
millions
1990
2005
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia and Montenegro
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
West Bank and Gaza
Yemen, Rep.
Zambia
Zimbabwe
World
Low income
Middle income
Lower middle income
Upper middle income
Low & middle income
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Latin America & Carib.
Middle East & N. Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
High income
Europe EMU
164
WDI07 section3.indd 164
12.6
11.6
108.8
104.5
0.4
1.7
12.5
18.7
3.1
4.8
5.4
4.2
1.2
2.2
3.0
4.3
3.0
3.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.9
18.3
27.8
29.3
33.3
2.9
3.0
6.9
14.8
0.2
0.3
7.1
7.6
4.6
5.6
6.3
9.6
1.7
1.6
5.0
9.3
16.1
20.7
1.2
2.5
0.1
0.2
4.9
6.5
33.2
48.5
1.7
2.2
2.0
3.6
34.7
31.9
1.4
3.5
51.1
54.0
188.0
239.5
2.8
3.2
8.2
9.6
16.6
24.8
13.4
21.9
1.3
2.6
2.5
5.7
3.3
4.1
3.1
4.7
2,253.0 s 3,128.3 s
442.0
704.7
1,160.1
1,657.4
798.0
1,225.8
362.0
431.6
1,602.1
2,362.1
459.7
781.5
294.0
300.5
310.1
425.4
117.1
174.7
277.7
418.4
143.5
261.7
650.9
766.2
209.5
230.1
% of total
population
1990
2005
54
73
5
77
39
51
30
100
57
50
30
52
75
17
27
23
83
68
49
32
19
29
30
9
60
59
45
11
67
79
89
75
89
40
84
20
68
21
39
29
43 w
25
44
38
68
37
29
63
71
52
25
28
74
71
54
73
19
81
42
52
41
100
56
51
35
59
77
15
41
24
84
75
51
25
24
32
40
12
65
67
46
13
68
77
90
81
92
37
93
26
72
27
35
36
49 w
30
54
50
72
44
41
64
77
57
28
35
78
73
average
annual
% growth
1990–2005
–0.5
–0.3
12.4
2.7
3.0
–2.1
4.0
2.4
0.1
0.1
2.7
2.9
0.8
0.0
5.2
3.1
0.4
1.2
2.9
–0.3
4.2
1.7
5.1
2.9
2.0
2.6
1.9
4.1
–0.7
6.3
0.4
1.6
1.0
1.0
2.7
3.3
4.6
5.4
1.3
2.8
2.2 w
3.2
2.4
2.9
1.2
2.6
3.6
0.1
2.1
2.7
2.8
4.1
1.1
0.6
Population
in urban
agglomerations
of more than
1 million
Population in
largest city
% of total
population
1990
2005
% of urban
population
1990
2005
8
18
..
30
17
11
..
99
..
..
14
25
22
..
9
..
17
14
25
..
5
11
16
..
..
22
..
4
12
27
26
41
41
10
34
13
..
5
9
10
18 w
10
17
16
..
14
..
15
32
20
10
..
..
18
9
19
..
36
19
14
..
100
..
..
16
30
24
..
12
..
19
15
25
..
7
10
22
..
..
26
..
5
13
29
26
43
36
8
37
13
..
9
11
12
20 w
12
20
19
..
17
..
16
34
20
12
..
..
18
14
8
57
19
44
22
43
99
..
..
48
10
15
..
34
..
21
20
25
..
27
37
52
..
..
20
..
38
7
34
15
9
46
25
17
30
..
26
23
34
17 w
17
15
14
18
16
9
13
24
27
10
26
20
15
17
10
45
22
45
26
36
100
..
..
46
12
17
..
31
..
22
20
26
..
29
32
54
..
..
20
..
36
8
38
16
8
40
23
12
23
..
31
31
32
16 w
18
14
12
19
15
8
15
22
25
11
26
19
15
Access to improved
sanitation facilities
% of urban
population
1990
2004
% of rural
population
1990
2004
..
93
49
100
53
97
..
100
100
..
..
85
100
89
53
..
100
100
97
..
52
95
71
100
95
96
..
54
98
98
..
100
100
69
..
58
..
82
63
69
77 w
50
79
75
89
71
65
94
81
87
50
52
100
..
..
70
36
..
19
77
..
..
98
..
..
53
100
64
26
..
100
100
50
..
45
74
24
100
47
70
..
41
92
95
..
100
99
39
..
30
..
19
31
42
23 w
12
25
22
58
19
15
72
36
52
6
24
100
..
89
93
56
100
79
97
53
100
100
..
48
79
100
98
50
59
100
100
99
70
53
98
71
100
96
96
77
54
98
98
..
100
100
78
71
92
78
86
59
63
80 w
61
81
77
91
75
72
93
86
92
63
53
100
..
..
70
38
..
34
77
30
..
98
..
14
46
100
89
24
44
100
100
81
45
43
99
15
100
65
72
50
41
93
95
..
100
99
61
48
50
61
28
52
47
38 w
28
42
39
66
35
36
71
49
58
27
28
100
..
2007 World Development Indicators
4/1/07 1:25:39 PM
3.10
environment
Urbanization
About the data
There is no consistent and universally accepted stan-
Estimates of the world’s urban population would
effectively prevent human, animal, and insect con-
dard for making the distinction between urban and
change significantly if China, India, and a few other
tact with excreta. The rural population with access
rural. The wide variety of situations across countries
populous nations were to change their definition of
is included to allow comparison of rural and urban
makes it difficult to adopt uniform criteria for distin-
urban centers. According to China’s State Statis-
access. This definition and the definition of urban
guishing urban and rural areas. Most countries have
tical Bureau, by the end of 1996 urban residents
areas vary, however, so comparisons between coun-
adopted an urban classification related to the size or
accounted for about 43 percent of China’s popula-
tries can be misleading.
characteristics of settlements. Other countries have
tion, while in 1994 only 20 percent of the population
defined urban areas based on the presence of cer-
was considered urban. In addition to the continuous
tain infrastructure and services. And some countries
migration of people from rural to urban areas, one of
• Urban population is the midyear population of
have designated urban areas based on administrative
the main reasons for this shift was the rapid growth
areas defined as urban in each country and reported
arrangements. The population of a city or metropolitan
in the hundreds of towns reclassified as cities in
to the United Nations (see About the data). • Popula-
area depends on the boundaries chosen. For example,
recent years. Because the estimates in the table are
tion in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million
in 1990 Beijing, China, contained 2.3 million people in
based on national definitions of what constitutes a
is the percentage of a country’s population living in
87 square kilometers of “inner city” and 5.4 million in
city or metropolitan area, cross-country comparisons
metropolitan areas that in 2005 had a population
158 square kilometers of “core city.” The population
should be made with caution. To estimate urban
of more than 1 million. • Population in largest city
of “inner city and inner suburban districts” was 6.3
populations, UN ratios of urban to total population
is the percentage of a country’s urban population
million, and that of “inner city, inner and outer subur-
were applied to the World Bank’s estimates of total
living in that country’s largest metropolitan area.
ban districts, and inner and outer counties” was 10.8
population (see table 2.1).
• Access to improved sanitation facilities refers to
Definitions
million. (For most countries the last definition is used.)
The urban population with access to improved sani-
the percentage of the urban or rural population with
For further discussion of urban-rural issues see box
tation facilities is defined as people with access to
access to at least adequate excreta disposal facili-
3.1a in About the data for table 3.1.
at least adequate excreta disposal facilities that can
ties (private or shared but not public) that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with
excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but
Population of the world’s largest metropolitan
areas in 1000, 1900, 2000, and 2015 (millions)
3.10a
protected pit latrines to flush toilets with a sewerage
connection. To be effective, facilities must be cor-
1000
City
1900
Population
City
rectly constructed and properly maintained.
Population
Cordova
0.45
London
6.5
Kaifeng
0.40
New York
4.2
Constantinopole
0.30
Paris
3.3
Angkor
0.20
Berlin
2.7
Kyoto
0.18
Chicago
1.7
Cairo
0.14
Vienna
1.7
Baghdad
0.13
Tokyo
1.5
Nishapur
0.13
St. Petersburg
1.4
Hasa
0.11
Manchester
1.4
Anhivada
0.10
Philadelphia
1.4
2000
City
2015
Population
City
Population
Tokyo
34.5
Tokyo
35.5
Mexico City
18.1
Mumbai
21.9
New York–Newark
17.9
Mexico City
21.6
São Paulo
17.1
São Paulo
20.5
Mumbai
16.1
New York–Newark
19.9
Shanghai
13.2
Delhi
18.6
Data on urban population and the population in
Kolkata
13.1
Shanghai
17.2
urban agglomerations and in the largest city are
Delhi
12.4
Kolkata
17.0
from the United Nations Population Division’s World
Buenos Aires
11.9
Dhaka
16.8
Urbanization Prospects: The 2005 Revision. The
Los ­Angeles–Long
Beach–Santa Ana
11.8
Jakarta
16.8
Data sources
total population figures are World Bank estimates.
Source: O’Meara 1999; United Nations Population Division, 2005, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2005 Revision.
Data on access to sanitation in urban and rural
areas are from the World Health Organization.
2007 World Development Indicators
WDI07 section3.indd 165
165
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