Fisher College of Business Working Paper Series Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics Corporate Financial and Investment Policies when Future Financing is not Frictionless Heitor Almeida, University of Illinois, and NBER Murillo Campello, University of Illinois and NBER Michael S. Weisbach, The Ohio State University and NBER Dice Center WP 2008-16 Fisher College of Business WP 2008-03-015 September 17, 2008 This paper can be downloaded without charge from: http://www.ssrn.com/abstract=944914 An index to the working paper in the Fisher College of Business Working Paper Series is located at: http://www.ssrn.com/link/Fisher-College-of-Business.html fisher.osu.edu Table 2: Mapping between Model and Existing Evidence Topic General Implications Existing Evidence Capital Budgeting in Practice Constrained rms are likely to use heuristic rules that place higher weight on earlier cash ows (e.g., payback) Graham/Harvey (2001) Leverage and Investment Risk Highly levered rms will take safer, not riskier investments Andrade/Kaplan (1998), Rauh (2006) Asset substitution more likely in less pledgeable assets Eisdorfer (2007) Leverage and Investment Liquidity Highly levered rms should invest in more liquid assets, and in assets that produce shorter-term cash ows Peyer/Shivdasani (2001), Ahn/Denis/Denis (2006), Campello (2003), Campello/Fluck (2005) Leverage Levels Lower leverage than traditional tradeo! model predicts Graham (2000) Cash Management Constrained rms hold more cash Almeida/Campello/Weisbach (2004), Han/Qiu (2006), Riddick/Whited (2006) Di!erence between constrained and unconstrained rms in cash ow sensitivity of cash Almeida/Campello/Weisbach (2004), Su (2006), Acharya/Almeida/Campello (2007), various int’l studies Cash management more valuable for constrained rms Faulkender/Wang (2006), Sibilkov (2005) Hedging Constrained rms hedge using both nancial and operating strategies, particularly when derivatives are not available Petersen/Thiagarajan (2000), Acharya/Almeida/Campello (2007) Cross-Country Comparisons More liquid investments in countries w/ high nancing costs Dittmar/Mahrt-Smith/Servaes (2003), Khurana/Pereira/Martin (2006) More tangible investments in countries w/ high nancing costs Demirgüç-Kunt/Maksimovic (1999), Braun (2003), Claessens/Laeven (2003), Carlin/Mayer (2003) Safer investments in countries w/ high nancing costs John/Litov/Yeung (2005) Link between n. development and investment e"ciency Beck/Levine/Loyaza (2000), Wurgler (2000) Real E!ects of Fin. Development