Topic #3
Public Library Services
美國公共圖書館的服務
Hung-yun Chang 張鴻運
Principal Librarian
Mid-Manhattan World Languages Collection
The New York Public Library
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The New York Public Library
紐約公共圖書館
Research Library System
研究圖書館系統
Branch Library System
社區分館系統
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Research Libraries
Stephen A. Schwarzman Building
 Schomburg Center for Research in
Black Culture
 Performing Arts Library (Lincoln
Center)
 Science, Industry, and Business
Library

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Brief History
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John Jacob Astor (1763-1848)
donated $400K 1849 Astor Library
James Lenox – rare books,
manuscripts
Samuel Tilden (1814-1886) $2.4M
John Bigelow, lawyer, Tilden Trustee,
1895
Andrew Carnegie $5.2M, 39 branch
libraries 1901
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Branch Library System

3 boroughs: Manhattan, The Bronx,
Staten Island. 包含紐約市三區

87 branches

4 Central Libraries

Mid-Manhattan Library; Performing Arts
Library (Lincoln Center); Andrew
Heiskell Braille and Talking Book
Library; Science, Industry, Business
Library.
共有87分館
4個中央大館
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Branch Budget and Circulation
分館的預算及流通量

FY09 visits 15,608,019
circulation 22,310,166

FY08 visits 14,224,406
circulation 19,840,003
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Branch Budget 分館經費來源
2008 $171,104,000
68% City of New York 紐約市政府
8% State and Federal Government
紐約州及聯邦政府
16% Rent and Services 租金及服務
3% Contributions 捐獻
5% Other Support and Revenue
其他項目
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Operating Expenses 支出
2008
$174,126,000
85% Salaries, other library service
expenses 薪水及圖館服務支出
8% Books and other materials
書籍與其他收藏支出
6% Management and general 管理開銷
<1% Fundraising and development
募款與其他發展開銷
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Factors influencing selection
of materials
影響圖書選購的幾個要素
1. Content 内容
2. Authority 權威專家的作品
3. Literary merit or artistic quality,
originality and creativity.
文字質量的優美及原創性
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4. Accuracy, objectivity, clarity, logic,
and effectiveness of material 内容取
材正確，客觀，清楚，嚴謹，效果卓著
5. Relevance to needs of the
community 切合社區民衆需求
6. Current interest in the subject
當下熱門主題
7. Local interest in the author or
subject 作者或主題引起當地居民高度興趣
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8. Popular demand 通俗需求
9. Mass media publicity
媒體上熱點公共議題
10. Value in field covered by the
material 内容在該學科内的價值
11. Limits of space and funds
圖書館空間與經費的限制
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Other Management Issues
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Gifts 贈書處理
Collection Maintenance 圖書的保存與捨棄
Intellectual Freedom 尊重知識自由
Patron Comments on Library Materials
讀者對圖書館收藏的批評建議
- Library Bill of Rights 圖書館人權法案
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Library Bill of Rights
The American Library Association affirms that all libraries are
forums for information and ideas, and that the following basic
policies should guide their services.
I. Books and other library resources should be provided for the
interest, information, and enlightenment of all people of the
community the library serves. Materials should not be excluded
because of origin, background or views of those contributing to
their creation.
II. Libraries should provide materials and information presenting
all points of view on current and historical issues. Materials
should not be proscribed or removed because of partisan or
doctrinal disapproval.
III. Libraries should challenge censorship in the fulfillment of
their responsibility to provide information and enlightenment.
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IV. Libraries should cooperate with all persons and groups
concerned with resisting abridgment of free expression and
free access to ideas.
V. A person’s right to use a library should not be denied or
abridged because of origin, age, background, or views.
VI. Libraries which make exhibit spaces and meeting rooms
available to the public they serve should make such facilities
available on an equitable basis, regardless of beliefs or
affiliations of individuals or groups requesting their use.
Adopted June 18, 1948. Amended February 2, 1961, and January 23,
1980, inclusion of "age" reaffirmed January 23, 1996, by the ALA
Council.
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美國圖書館人權法案
美國圖舘協會確認所有的圖書館都是資料訊
息及理念的討論平臺。所有的圖書館服務應
以下列基本政策為其指導：
圖書館中所有的書籍及非書籍資料皆為滿足
當地社區的閲讀興趣，資訊求取，才智啓蒙
而設。不應將不同的種族，背景，或持有不
同觀點的著作排除在外。
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圖書館收藏應涵蓋對當今或歷史事件的全面
觀點。不應因黨派或教條禁制而消滅藏書。
 圖書館應挑戰檢審制度，以負起提供資訊啓
迪民智的責任。
 圖書館應與各方人士合作以抗拒對言論自由
及理念自由的限制。
 人們使用圖書館的權利不應因種族，年紀，
背景或觀點而被剝奪。
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圖書館的展覽空間及會議場所應對公衆開放
。 不論申請使用者的信仰，身份，或其所
屬的單位組織，皆應一視同仁公平對待。
1948年6月18日採行。1961年2月2日補充。1980年
1月23日增添“年紀”詞條1996年1月23日美國圖
書館協會再度確認。
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USA Patriot Act
Section 215

Information such as library circulation, Internet use
and registration records can be the subject of the
warrant.

FISA courts do not require the demonstration of
“probable cause.” Instead law enforcement need
only claim a belief that desired records may be
related to an ongoing investigation of international
terrorism or foreign intelligence activities.

Law enforcement agents may obtain from a FISA
court a search warrant for “any tangible thing,”
including books, records, papers, data tapes and
computers with hard drives.
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美國愛國者法案
第215條

執法人員可從外國情報偵搜法案法庭取得搜索票以獲取
任何實質物品如：書籍，記錄，論文，數據磁帶電腦硬
碟。

圖舘借書紀錄，網絡使用紀錄，申請登記記錄皆可為搜
索票偵搜之對象。

執法人員不須向法庭出示“可靠的證據”，只須表明其
相信所需調查的記錄 與正在進行中的國際恐怖主義或外
國間諜活動有關聯。
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Mid-Manhattan
World Languages Collection
曼哈頓中城世界語言藏書
Meet needs of adult immigrants 供應成
人移民閲讀需求
 Started in the 1950s
1950 年代成立
 Provide collections for anyone who
enjoys reading in languages other
than English 滿足閲讀非英語書籍民衆之樂

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Collection 收藏
Size: 64,000 items in 56 languages
６万４千冊含ＤＶＤ５６种語言
 Subjects: 種類：
- Novels 小説
- Literature 文學
- History 歷史
- Biography 傳記
- Popular Non-Fiction 普及性非小説類

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Four Major Languages: Spanish,
Russian, Chinese French
4大主要語種：西，俄，中，法
 Budget Allocation 預算編列
70% for 4 major languages
70%用於4大語種
 Circulation FY2008 FY08年流通量
at Donnell 160,070
at all branches 146,364

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Circuit Collection
巡迴外文圖書

Number of branches with own world
language books 自己擁有外文書籍的分舘
38 Spanish
9 Russian
6 Chinese

FY08 World Languages Collection sent
25,012 books to branches
6,321 new books to branches
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Community Outreach
Services
社區伸展服務
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Adult Programs 為成年人提供的表演活動
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Correctional Services 看守所/監獄服務
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Immigrant Services 移民服務
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Older Adults Services 老年人服務
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Literacy Project 識字班計劃
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Young Adult Literacy 青年識字班
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Book Discussion Groups 讀書討論會
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Inter-Library Loan and
Books by Mail
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ILL request form
ILL office sends request to 5 libraries
through OCLC.
When book arrives, add NYPL barcode and
reserve for the reader.
No reference books
2,000 reader requests filled a year.
20,000 requests to NYPL from other
libraries. Only 3,000 filled.
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Books by Mail
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Readers with physical difficulties
Application approved by physician
Reader selects book subjects
425 readers registered. 3,200 books
sent out a year.
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ASK NYPL
http://www.nypl.org/questions/
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Started 1968
8-person staff
Telephone reference 9am – 6pm,
Monday to Saturday
If can’t answer in 5 minutes, refer to
other department
Email anytime
Online chat 24/7. NYPL 10-5, other
times with Question Point from OCLC
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• Librarians use Knowledge Base
• FY09 answered 67,286 questions
• File of popular questions in
presidents’ file, NYC data books
back to 1960s
• Don’t do homework, contests.
• NYPL Express
• Most asked questions published as
“Book of Answers.”
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Job Search Central
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Annual circulation is 25,000
Counselor or coach provides 1 hour
personal help to 30 people per week.
Career and job information databases
Job and training programs
Job coaching with AARP
NYC Business Solutions and SCORE
www.nypl.org/services/jobs
smallbiz.nypl.org
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Andrew Heiskell
Braille and Talking Book Library
點字有聲書籍圖書館
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Regional Library of National Library for the
Blind and Physically Handicapped (NLS)
為國家盲人殘障圖書館之地區分館
Covers 5 boroughs and Long Island
服務對象包含紐約市五大區及長島地區。
Started 1991, open 40 hours a week
1991 開館，每周開放40小時
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26 staff (21 full, 5 part time). 26 名員工
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AD, YA, CH collections, but not for regular
readers. 有成人青少年兒童書籍但非為一般讀者
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One-on-one class by appointment. 預約一對一
學習
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Certifiers: social worker, physician, librarian.
社會工作者，醫生，圖書館員皆可簽發證明
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Braille, books on tapes, and devices all
provided by federal funds. 點字有聲書籍及機具皆
由聯邦政府提供。
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• 10,000 active readers in 5 boroughs,
3,000 Long Island readers. 五區中共有一万
名讀者，另有三千名居住在長島的讀者。
• FY08 circulated 287,000 talking books,
34,000 Braille, 80-85% by mail.
2008 年借出28700次有聲書籍，34000 點字書
籍。80-85%由郵寄服務。
• 30-40 books on tape produced by NYPL
each year. 圖館每年自製30-40有聲書籍
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Picture Collection 圖像收藏

Started 1915.

6 librarians, 4 clerical staff, 4 student
workers. 6位專業，4位文書員工，4位學生工

1 million images for circulation; 25,000 for
reference. 1百萬流通出借圖像，25万參考圖像

Over 12,000 subjects: Noted for clothing
and fashion, local culture and history,
American history, architecture and interior
design, visual and decorative arts, animals;
famous personalities.
創始於1915
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1万2千個主題。強項：流行服飾，本地文化歷史，美
國史，建築室内設計，影像及裝飾藝術，動物，名人。
• Formats include photographs,
illustrations, posters, paintings, clippings
from books, magazines, and newspapers;
original postcards and greeting cards. No
slides or original prints. 形式：照片，插圖，
海報，圖畫，剪書剪報剪雜誌，明信片。不收藏幻燈片
及原件。
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
Users are educators, researchers,
artists, costume and set designers,
students. 使用者多為教育家，研究人員，
藝術家，服裝道具設計家，學生。

Available online are 30,000 digital
reproductions of images from
reference files before 1922.
三万張圖片已數據化，其為參考圖片中出版於
1922年以前者.
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Reference and Information
Services Training
參考咨詢服務訓練
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Approachability 容易接近
Interest 表示高度興趣
Listening/Inquiring 傾聽/詢問
Searching 搜尋
Follow-up 跟進
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NYPL Mission
紐約公共圖書館的使命
To inspire lifelong learning, advance
knowledge and strengthen our
community
鼓勵培養終身學習，促進知識長進，強化我們社區
（文化生活水平）
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Our Values 我們的價值
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Excellence 卓越
Accountability 負責
Teamwork 團隊
Passion 熱情
Innovation 創新
Freedom 自由
Expertise 專業
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Thank you!
謝謝大家
紐約公共圖書館向大家問好
www.nypl.org
Hung-yun Chang
張鴻運
hchang@nypl.org
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