BR-208
October 2003
Report on the Consultation Process
Prepared by the EC/ESA Joint Task Force Secretariat
1
Contents
Foreword
4
Introduction
5
The Consultation Process
7
Inaugural Conference
9
The Industrial View
10
The View of the Scientific Community
11
The Institutional View
12
The View of the Operators and Service Providers 13
The International Context
15
Closing Conference
16
Post Workshop Activities
19
Contributors to the Consultation Process
21
3
Foreword
Dear Reader,
The consultation on the development of the future European Space Policy last spring was a unique opportunity for anyone
interested in space to make a contribution. The number of those who did and the quality of their replies were most
encouraging. In total, over a thousand representatives of governments, international organisations, companies, European
institutions and universities – and individual citizens – have actively taken part in shaping Europe’s future in space.
The Green Paper on European Space Policy was drawn up by the European Commission in cooperation with the European
Space Agency. By raising a number of key questions, it aimed to launch a Europe-wide debate on questions of space policy.
The consultation process was initiated and managed by the European Commission/ESA Joint Task Force. The series of
targeted workshops organised across Europe, the discussion forum set up for European citizens on the internet and
extensive written input have contributed directly to an interesting evaluation of European expectations in the space sector.
This report on the main outcomes from the consultation and the reports by the individual rapporteurs on the consultation
workshops together make up a useful database for the future; it will remain a reference not only for the formulation of an
action plan for the enlarged European Space Policy, but also for the planning of the space programmes to be carried out
under that Policy.
We hope and firmly believe that the White Paper on the European Space Policy will mark an even greater step forward for
Europe in space.
On behalf of the European Commission/European Space Agency Joint Task Force,
Karl-Heinz Kreuzberg
European Space Agency
4
Luc Tytgat
European Commission
Introduction
In its Resolution titled ‘Europe and Space’ of
17 January 2002, the European Parliament requested
the European Commission to produce a White Paper
on space ‘….setting out the main objectives of the
policy to be implemented in the medium and long
term’.1 In consequence, and as a step towards the
White Paper, the European Commission, in
cooperation with ESA, elaborated a Green Paper on
Space Policy2, which was adopted by the Commission
on 21 January 2003. The objective of this document
was to stimulate a European-wide debate on the
issue, and launch a process meant to gather inputs
from all relevant players in Europe.
The consultation process that has followed the
publication of the Green Paper has been organised by
the EC/ESA Joint Task Force. The present document
is therefore a joint EC/ESA report on the
consultations, presented to the Joint Task Force. This
report will pave the way for the White Paper (including
an action plan), to be elaborated by the European
Commission in cooperation with ESA. Encouragement
for this was provided by the EU Council on 13 May
and the ESA Ministerial Council on 27 May 2003.
The purpose of the present document is to provide a
summary report on the Green Paper consultation
process, focusing on the carefully targeted Workshops
that have taken place from March through June 2003.
1
P5_TA(2002)0015.
2
COM(2003)17 final, http://europa.eu.int/comm/space/doc_pdf/space-greenpaper_en.pdf.
Events
Location
Description
Date
Attendance
Brussels*
Inaugural Conference
6 March 2003
194 persons
Madrid*
The Industrial View
25 March 2003
127 persons
Berlin*
The View of the Scientific Community
8 April 2003
127 persons
Rome*
The Institutional View
28 April 2003
144 persons
Athens**
Security and Defence Aspects
8-9 May 2003
113 persons
London*
The View of the Operators and Service Providers
20 May 2003
211 persons
Prague*
The International Context
2-3 June 2003
90 persons
Paris*
Closing Conference
23-24 June 2003
420 persons
Total 1426 persons
* Events organised by the EC/ESA Joint Task Force
** Event organised by the Greek Presidency of the EU
5
Attendance by type of organisation
Attendance by country
6
The
Consultation
Process
Three methods have been used to gather inputs
during the consultation process: an open webconsultation of European citizens, the targeted
workshop consultation, and the receipt of written
inputs from various players in the space domain.
The open web-consultation resulted in some 200
contributions and provided an excellent opportunity
for a lively debate.
consultation Workshops, taking the debate to several
Member State capitals (Madrid, Berlin, Rome, London
and Prague). The Greek Presidency of the European
Union also convened a special Workshop in Athens on
8-9 May, which concentrated on a discussion of
security and defence matters.
In addition, Austria, Italy and Portugal each held
national meetings, supported by the EC and ESA,
to discuss the Green Paper and review the national
implications. The United Kingdom Industrial Space
Committee made a presentation of its views on the
Green Paper to the Commission, while the Belgian
authorities both organised a national review of spacebased defence systems, and passed a Resolution on
the Green Paper following its discussion in the Senate.
The Inaugural Conference held in Brussels on
6 March 2003 was followed by a series of five
On-Line Forum contributions
214 contributions were registered in the various open
forums/debates
Participation by subject
7
The targeted consultation process finished with a
Closing Conference in Paris on 23-24 June, at which
reports from all of the Workshops in the series were
presented and discussed.
Other European institutions, namely the European
Economic and Social Committee and the European
Parliament, have also been involved during the Green
Paper consultation process, and their positions have
been presented to the Commission services.
More than 70 written contributions have been
received, including many from industry, ESA and EU
Member States, various associations and individuals.
Participation by country
Written contributions
More than 70 written contributions were submitted to the
EC/ESA Joint Task Force
Contributions by type of organisation
Contributions by country
8
Inaugural
Conference
– The concept of a ‘flagship’ programme to stimulate
interest in space technology was discussed, as a
possibility both for generating public interest and for
stimulating the interest of younger generations.
Brussels, 6 March 2003
The Brussels Conference served as the ‘kick-off’
meeting to initiate the consultation process and
permitted a first exchange of views, which underlined
the will for a stronger political vision for an increasingly
ambitious space policy in Europe.
The main highlights of these discussions were:
– For the institutional framework in which space
activities could be placed, Vice-president Dehaene
of the Presidium of the European Convention
presented the possibility of space being a
competence in the future Treaty for the European
Union.
– Notwithstanding the interest in satellite applications
programmes, the basic role of space science was
strongly underlined, as a driver for technological
innovation and the initiation of new applications.
Specific guidelines are needed for co-operation, for
co-ordination of and within national programmes,
and for strengthening the scientific community.
9
– Discussions of applications and technology
programmes gave rise to a broad exchange of views
on the concept of ‘multiple-use’ technologies. This
concept deserves in-depth discussion, particularly in
examining the use of satellite systems to increase
the overall security of Europe and its citizens.
The
Industrial
View
Madrid Workshop, 25 March 2003
The Madrid Workshop provided the opportunity for an
extended discussion about the current situation of
European space industry, involving not only the
satellite and launcher sectors, but also system
operators, ground-segment interests and
representatives of the insurance market.
Items highlighted during the discussions included the
following:
– While the current arrangements for ESA and the use
of existing structures received praise from industry,
the Workshop participants also welcome and called
for greater involvement of the European Union in
space activities, notably as a provider of regulatory
frameworks and additional funding.
– There is a need for a substantially widened
institutional market, which fully recognises the
potential of space systems for addressing policy
objectives (monitoring of climate change,
environmental damage, monitoring for treaty
implementation, crisis monitoring, security,
navigation, science). Should European and national
institutions become convinced that space systems
help in addressing policy objectives and could help
harmonise their programmes and requirements, the
market potential would be substantially increased.
– ESA should continue to be the focus for funding the
key activities of a space policy. The current ESA
financial scheme (variable geometry, geographical
return), with additional resources from the EU to
serve European policies, seems to be adequate.
– A key element for Europe is to have available
reliable and affordable access to space; independent
access is seen as mandatory. (Strong support in this
direction has since been given by the ESA Council
at Ministerial Level in May 2003.)
– The Workshop noted that international co-operation
remains attractive in many areas and is not, per se,
incompatible with the objective of European
autonomy. A particular example of such cooperation, the International Space Station (ISS),
was underlined as being first and foremost a political
project, from which Europe cannot be absent, which
constitutes a long-term investment for the benefit of
future generations.
– A similar emphasis to that during the Brussels
Conference was put on the interest to the public –
and by extension to young engineers – of ambitious
new European programmes (cf. ‘flagship
programmes’)*. A further common theme of the
10
two Workshops was the major role to be played by
the EC in ensuring harmonised and well-founded
regulations across Europe.
– Regarding multiple-use systems, the need for
greater recognition of space tools in the framework
of an EU security and defence policy was
underlined. This was accompanied by support for
the introduction of ‘space’ into the present draft
Treaty being discussed by the European Convention.
– Finally, at a time when part of European space
industry is looking to restructure, Workshop
participants stressed that without a sufficiently
ambitious political and financial commitment, this
restructuring will not lead to a stronger industrial
base. New vocations and competences cannot be
expected without the underpinning of a long-term
programme supported by a solid political and
financial commitment.
* The high level of public interest in the press and television coverage of the
launch of ESA’s Mars Express satellite and its Beagle 2 lander in early June
showed the continuing stimulus of space activities when associated with
tangible goals such as the exploration of Mars.
The View of
the Scientific
Community
Berlin Workshop, 8 April 2003
The Berlin Workshop focused on the European space
science community, and in particular underlined the
often underestimated contribution that it makes to the
overall space activity, not least in making available key
technology developments to the applications
programmes.
The main highlights were:
– Space sciences must be an integral part of any
European space policy.
– A plea was made to stop the trend to significantly
reduce the funds for European space-science
research. Recognition was given to the ESA Science
Programme as being of world-class quality, with only
modest resources. For Earth Observation, a proposal
was made to develop a mandatory programme
(Earth Explorer missions) with a level of resources
based on GNP contribution scales. The scientific
role of the overall ‘Global Monitoring for Environment
and Security’ (GMES) programme was stressed, as
was the synergy between the research and
development for scientific and security requirements.
– A problem common to scientific and applications
programmes surfaced at this Workshop, namely
the exploitation of data. The need for a data policy
harmonised at European level was underlined, with
a role identified for the European Commission in
supporting a powerful data-processing system to
underpin, for example, climate forecasts and globalchange studies. This was associated with a call for
sustainable funding and long-term continuity of
observing systems, information availability, fast data
delivery and cost-effectiveness. In general, space
sciences were underlined as a major element in
building a knowledge-based society.
– Discussion of the International Space Station (ISS)
underscored its scientific excellence for microgravity
activities, giving European researchers access to
work in the life- and physical-sciences fields. The
ISS should be exploited also for Earth-observation
and human-spaceflight activities. The role of ESA’s
European Astronaut Corps as ambassadors for a
European identity was also highlighted.
– The political and strategic need for Europe to maintain
and develop its own means of access to space was
stressed, with the proviso that additional costs linked
to this need should not result in a reduction of the
existing science budget. The need for engineering
excellence (cf. ‘reliability’) in the launch infrastructure
for a successful space science programme was
underlined.
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– The Aurora programme, which is intended to prepare
Europe to meet the challenges facing the next
generation in space (science, exploration and human
presence), was seen as an initiative to be welcomed,
and one concept on which ESA and the EU can
build a European role in space in the medium to
long term.
– No merging of diverse institutions into centralised
bodies (i.e. preserve a healthy ‘biodiversity’ among
the existing institutions). Maintain ESA as an
independent institution for science working in close
relationship with the EU. A more coherent coordination throughout disciplines should be developed
(EIROforum is an example to be exploited), as part
of the European Research Area strategy.
– Finally, the role of the EU in contributing to
horizontal and infrastructure activities was stressed,
with a number of fields identified for consideration:
an independent data-systems network, ISS
utilisation, critical technologies for payloads,
development of future nuclear and electricpropulsion systems (critical for interplanetary
missions), data analysis and archiving.
The
Institutional
View
Rome Workshop, 28 April 2003
The Rome Workshop was aimed at registering the
views and reactions of the ESA and EU Member
States (i.e. national administrations and other public
institutions). The discussions provided, inter alia, the
following inputs:
– Access to Space: The need for independent access
to space and the role of ESA’s new EGAS
(European Guaranteed Access to Space)
programme were again confirmed.
– Science: The role of science (including research on
the ISS) as the enabler (understanding and invention)
for future applications and commercial activities was
developed. A doubling of the science budget, without
prejudice to other space-programme funding, was
requested.
– Industry: The dramatic situation in which European
space industry currently finds itself was again
stressed. In order to remedy the situation and to
ensure at least ‘a level playing field’ with respect to
the United States, a doubling of the total yearly
12
available institutional market was requested as a
medium- to long-term goal.
– Knowledge Society, Sustainable Development,
Security: It was emphasised that the applications
area lies at the core of the present discussion,
whilst the role of space as an important tool for the
implementation of key Union policies and objectives
was confirmed.
– Space policy should be guided and discussed at the
highest political level.
– The European Parliament has taken a major interest
in the European Space Policy, both prior to and
during the Green Paper activity. In particular, it
has concerned itself with the impact of space
technologies on the European citizen. The
Parliament’s contribution to the dossier is a
welcome and important addition.
– ESA (institutionally outside the EU framework) has
proved itself capable of acquiring a world-class space
position for Europe that must be maintained in the
future. Discussions on ESA’s future role and its
relationship to Union institutions should ensure that
strengths are reinforced and organisational changes
made only when really called for. ESA should
become the space agency of the Union (Europe) –
in a first step through a framework agreement, and
with a possible further rapprochement to be defined.
The View of
the Operators
and Service
Providers
London Workshop, 20 May 2003
most efficient lever to revive and fund upstream
players (satellite and launch manufacturers). They
have an unrivalled ability to bridge the ‘digital divide’
in Europe, as a complement to existing terrestrial
networks, thereby addressing the more than 20%
of the population currently excluded from today’s
‘information society’. They should become a ‘third
element’ of joint ESA-EU space applications activities,
alongside Earth-observation and navigation systems
The London Workshop brought together representatives
of satellite operators, service providers, users, industry,
SMEs, national space agencies and universities. The
wide-ranging discussions highlighted the following points:
– Fixed or mobile access via satellite to high-speed
Internet and essential broadband services on a
universal basis must be included in any European
Space Policy.
General
– Space Applications are key components of a Space
Policy. They are market-driven, and therefore should
ultimately be financed by end-users, achieving
optimal use and leverage of public funding. Earthobservation applications, which are dominated by
the public sector as both user and regulator, are
only partially driven by the commercial market.
– It is recommended to establish immediately a forum
at European level to co-ordinate and federate the
players concerned with the definition, development,
operation and utilisation of a satellite communications
broadband infrastructure.
– Applications bring concrete benefits to professionals
and customers in their daily activities: here taxpayers
and their political representatives can see a concrete
return from public funding invested in space activities.
Satellite Communications
– Satellite communications provide 50% of all European
industry’s space-hardware revenues, and are the
– Despite progress over the past decade in several
regulatory areas at the CEPT, EU and national
levels, the satellite industry continues to face multiple,
often inconsistent, regimes. Common regulatory
conditions are essential:
• Harmonised and streamlined licensing procedures
throughout the Union.
• Harmonised spectrum allocation, enabling free
circulation of user terminals and exemption from
licensing for satellite Earth stations and user
terminals.
13
• Fair access to frequencies for satellite operators
and exclusive frequency bands for ‘point-to-point’
satellite systems in Europe.
• Acceptance of market-access principles for satellite
services in the Member States of the enlarged
Union and in other countries.
Earth Observation
– The establishment of a robust European Earthmonitoring capability is strategically important for
Europe, particularly for the implementation of
policies bearing on such issues as management of
renewable resources, and security.
– There is a clear need for a co-ordinated approach
aimed at the creation of an operational structure for
data gathering, data handling, information production
and dissemination.
– The demand for Earth-observation data is essentially
a public one. There is a need to federate and organise
at the European level its demand for longer-term
commitments, and to identify appropriate funding
instruments.
– A significant catalyst for the exploitation of satellite
remote sensing will come from applications in the
security/defence fields. The Global Monitoring for
Environment and Security (GMES) programme
should act as a catalyst and provide a demonstration
of how space can address European strategic aims.
14
– There is a need to create an organisation, or network
of organisations, to deal specifically with space
imagery, and the integration and dissemination of
geo-spatial information, taking into account the
existing structures. An overall architecture including
data collection and information dissemination should
be defined.
Satellite Navigation, Positioning and Timing
– Satellite navigation is also a key dual-use technology,
having numerous applications and generating
indirect returns far exceeding investment costs.
– Strong international cooperation is essential, as in
COSPAS/SARSAT. Users need the European Galileo
system to be interoperable and compatible with other
systems. They want GPS and Galileo (plus Glonass)
in order to have at their disposal larger satellite
constellations that are inherently more reliable and
provide more accurate navigation solutions in difficult
environments.
– Safety issues should be managed and financed by
each area of application (air, rail, maritime...), since
each has its own standards for precision and integrity,
and for possible augmentations.
– Coupling navigation, positioning and timing with
mobiles/satcoms creates potential for commercial
opportunities.
The
International
Context
Prague Workshop, 2-3 June 2003
The Prague Workshop was designed to bring out
some of the international aspects of a European
Space Policy. Particular points that were emphasised
are:
– Europe must combine autonomy in strategic areas
with co-operation in others. Where it collaborates,
Europe must be a strong partner.
– Satellite technologies correctly and imaginatively
exploited in pursuit of identified policy objectives can
play a major role in the incorporation of the most farflung corners of the Community.
– The need for strategic objectives for international
cooperation, as well as for all relevant partners, (i.e.
EU, ESA, other organisations in the space field such
as Eumetsat, European States, users and industry).
– Russia and the Ukraine have both indicated a
willingness to enter into long-term strategic
partnerships with Europe in key areas such as
human spaceflight, launchers, and applications
such as navigation and global monitoring.
– The ‘Wider Europe’ initiative of the European Union,
endorsed in 2003 by the European Council in
Thessaloniki, offers scope for the use of space
technology in supporting the EU’s eastern and
southern neighbours, as well as Europe’s overseas
territories, in their development.
– The co-operation between the EU and the
Mediterranean countries is based on the Barcelona
process, and implemented through the MEDA
programmes. These countries may expect to be the
prime beneficiaries of an outward-looking European
space programme making use of satellite
technology.
The scope of the Workshop was focused on the panEuropean context – international partners such as
the USA and Japan were not specifically targeted to
contribute to the European debate at this stage.
– The new EU Member States have a strong interest
in involvement as soon as possible in European
space activities. This may extend all the way from
participation in individual programmes such as Galileo
and GMES, to Associate Member status in ESA.
15
Closing
Conference
Paris, 23-24 June 2003
The Paris Conference took the form of six Panel
sessions – one for each Workshop – and there were
seven speeches. More than 400 representatives from
government, industry, research and civilian life
attended the meeting.
Mrs Pascale Sourisse, President of Eurospace,
presented Panel 1, dealing with ‘The Industrial View’:
– Space cannot be considered as a strictly commercial
sector. The institutional aspect of space is fundamental.
Due to the severe crisis in the European space
industry, there is a real danger that the very high
level of skill and technologies that Europe has
acquired cannot be maintained. Efforts towards the
definition of a reinforced European Space Policy are
therefore of critical importance.
Prof. Roger Bonnet presented Panel 2, dealing with
‘The View of the Scientific Community’:
– The indisputable success of ESA’s Science
Programme has been underlined. A strong regret
related to the insufficient emphasis on science in the
Green Paper has also been underlined. The scientific
community has claimed the right to be recognised.
They regret the lack of political vision, of coherent
ambition, and the immature coordination between
ESA and the EU. The starvation of science budgets
cannot be the option. A factor of two increase might
be adequate, both at ESA and national levels, for all
branches. The science community insists on ESA’s
essential role, and ESA must be maintained as an
independent institution, working in close association
with the EU. ESA is essential for the sciences.
– The EU should have a political role in defining
European policies. The EC has to compensate for
the present deficit of resources, to use its institutional
rules where ESA is not competent, and to participate
in ESA delegate bodies, much like an Associate
Member State. The EC must organise itself more
efficiently across its various Directorates in view of
GMES, and should support ISS utilisation through
Framework Programme 6.
Former Swedish Prime Minister Carl Bildt presented
Panel 3, dealing with ‘The Institutional View’:
– Key points from Rome were that the messages
coming out of the consultation must be radical and
seize the momentum of current developments.
Without institutional demand, there will be no
independent access to space. But independence of
information should also be created. European Space
Policy should be guided from the highest political
level (European Council), and ESA should act as the
EU’s de facto space agency. The European
16
Parliament should have a review function also with
respect to space policy. Mr Bildt also recalled the main
points related to space in the EU draft Constitutional
Treaty. He posed three main items for discussion:
• How could ESA become the space agency for the
EU?
• How should EU funding be organised to support
the policy goals? and
• How should a comprehensive European Space
Programme be run?
Mr Giuliano Berretta, President of the European
Satellite Operators Association (ESOA), presented
Panel 4, dealing with ‘The View of the Operators and
Service Providers’:
– Space applications are key components of any
space policy. Applications bring concrete benefits to
professionals and consumers in their daily activities.
Taxpayers and political representatives can see a
solid return on their contributions. Unlike many other
space programmes, space applications address
many user communities. The needs of all
communities should be taken into account in the
future European space programme.
– Sectorial recommendations have been made in the
field of satellite communications, Earth observation,
and positioning, navigation and timing. The future
European Space Strategy should rest on three
pillars: EGNOS and Galileo for navigation, GMES for
Earth observation, and a new Satcom programme.
Mr Reinhard Loosch, former Department Head at the
German Federal Ministry for Research, presented
Panel 5, dealing with ‘The International Context’:
– First, the inherent international dimension of space
activities has been underlined. There is a need for a
coherent European Space Policy that sets strategic
objectives and priorities, defining areas where
Europe must attain autonomy and where it should
accept a higher degree of (inter-)dependence through
international cooperation. Coordination between all
European actors is needed for a coherent approach
to space. Europe should speak with one voice on
the international scene, including in UN bodies. In
the field of human spaceflight, Europe should forge
a strategic cooperation with other space powers.
Some instruments have been defined: ESA’s PECS
programme, EU Framework Programmes for
Research and Technological Development, and
agreements between the EU and other countries.
Major recommendations have been addressed:
• European Space Policy must provide for securing
financing, covering the development and
operations of a European infrastructure as well as
applications, including science, in space and on
Earth.
• European Space Policy can build on the existing
structures of the EU, ESA and other European
institutions.
• European coordination should be improved, not
only between the EU and ESA (and between them
and European governments), but also between
public institutions and industry and the scientific
community.
Lieutenant-Colonel Alexandros Kolovos, presented
Panel 6, dealing with ‘Security and Defence Aspects’,
the special Workshop organised by the Greek
Presidency of the EU.
The European Space Policy should include the
security dimension, taking into account the complete
spectrum of security-related activities. This security
dimension of the EU Space Policy needs
governmental programmes and efficient bodies.
– Early warning and distant detection.
– Search and rescue.
– Independent access to space as a prerequisite.
Bodies and agencies have to evolve and different
schemes are possible. The first option is to transform
the existing ones (EU Satellite Centre, ESA, …). The
second is to create new ones. A third is to exploit
complementarities between EU agencies and national
agencies.
On 24 June, Jack Metthey, the Commission’s Director
for Space and Transport (DG RTD), introduced the
following speakers:
The EU needs to consider space-based capabilities in
the following fields:
– Global monitoring.
– Global reconnaissance, monitoring and surveillance,
including image intelligence and electromagnetic
signal analysis.
– Meteorology and oceanography.
– Telecommunications.
– Intelligence information and verification.
– Global command, control, communications and
information.
– Global positioning, navigation and timing.
– Mapping.
– Space-based surveillance.
17
Mr Guido Bodrato, European Parliament, recalled that
the EC has been asked to define a European Space
Policy: ESA should not be reduced, but the EU has
competence that ESA does not have. ESA is already
de facto the EU space agency. The ESA fair-return
rule should be redefined. Article 150 of the European
Convention’s draft EU Constitution gives the EU a
competence in space, but not an exclusive one. Article
207 of Part III concerning the European Armaments
Agency is also very important.
Mr Stéphane Buffetaut, European Economic and
Social Committee, explained that three kinds of
financing scheme are possible for future space
activities: a European Programme, a reinforced
cooperation, and the current system.
Herbert Diehl, the German representative of Minister
Edelgard Bulmahn, presented some views: The priority
is a coherent European Space Policy. Roles between
institutions have to be redefined. The EU could play an
important role concerning infrastructure. ESA
manages space science perfectly.
the European Convention. The EU has the political
and societal legitimacy for initiatives in the space field.
Some important reform has to be made. She asked for
a (comprehensive) European Space Programme and
an EU budgetary line for space to be available in
2007.
Antonio Rodotà, ESA’s Director General, explained
that he was in favour of the inclusion of space in the
European Convention. He regretted only that space
was assimilated with technological research and
development. He also explained that the ESA concept
of ‘fair return’ is a very flexible rule.
Mrs Moratti underlined the knowledge and
competence patrimony of ESA.
ESA’s future Director General Jean-Jacques Dordain
underlined in his speech that there should be lesser
focus on institutions. Space is a question of
programmes and not of institutions. He explained that
ESA was able to federate the tender, and EU the
demand. A distinction has also to be made between
respective budgets and interests.
Concluding Addresses were made by Mrs Claudie
Haigneré, France’s Minister for Research and New
Technologies, Mrs Letizia Moratti, Italy’s Minister for
Education, Universities and Research, and Mr Philippe
Busquin, European Commissioner for Research.
Mrs Haigneré asked for a financial evolution and a
softening of the geographical-return rules. She
underlined the importance of the inclusion of space in
18
Mr Busquin stated that the White Paper would be
elaborated in close cooperation with ESA. He made
references to the Convention and the shared
competences, to explain that a European Space
Programme was a necessity. He concluded by
mentioning the Commission’s intention to organise an
international conference on space in November 2003
in Italy.
PostWorkshop
Activities
The above sequence of Workshops was concluded in
the second half of June, with the following series of
activities then expected to take place:
– The preparation of the present Joint Summary
Report on the whole consultation process, produced
by the EC/ESA Joint Task Force.
– The Commission has to present to the Council of
the Union and to the European Parliament an action
plan (White Paper) elaborated in cooperation with
ESA, as underlined by both the EU and ESA
Ministerial Councils in May 2003. This will
acknowledge the contributions that have been
received, and include proposals for the content,
organisation and level of future European activities
in space. This should be prepared for approval by
the Commission in October, with subsequent
submission to the Council and Parliament.
– An opportunity for discussion with the EU Council
has already been foreseen, at the Competitiveness
Council currently planned by the Italian Presidency
in November.
P. Carril
19
20
CONTRIBUTORS TO THE
CONSULTATION PROCESS
Workshop Rapporteurs
Mr G. Berretta, President ESOA
Mr C. Bildt, former Prime Minister of Sweden
Prof. R. Bonnet, former ESA Director of Science
Lt. Col. A. Kolovos, Head of National Centre for Space Applications, Greek Ministry of Defence
Mr R. Loosch, former Department Head at German Federal Ministry for Research
Ms P. Sourisse, President Eurospace
Workshop Speakers
Col. A. Husniaux, Belgian Ministry of Defence
Col. V. Santoro, EU Council
Dr. D. Deniozos, General Secretary of Research and Technology, Ministry of Development, Greece
Dr. F. Merkle, OHB, Director SAR-Lupe Project
Dr. G. Thiele, European Astronaut Centre, Köln, Germany
Dr. J.-L. Fellous, member of ESF, IFREMER, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
Dr. P. Norsk, member of ESA European Users Board, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Gen. (Retired) B. Molard, Defence and Security Advisor for the CEO, EUROSPACE
Lord Sainsbury, Minister for Science and Technology, UK
Lt. Gen. D. Gavoty, Head of Bureau Espace, France
Lt. Gen. M. Vankeirsbilck, Belgian Defence Staff
Mr A. Gaubert, Secretary General of Eurospace
Mr A. Patacchini, Eutelsat
Mr B. Andersen, Norwegian Space Centre
Mr B. Lançon, SNECMA
Mr C. Hicks, Director General, BNSC
Mr C. Jacob, Eurospace
Mr C. Paynter, Paradigm
Mr D. El Hadani, Director of the Royal Centre for Space Remote Sensing, Morocco
Mr D. Levesque, SARSAT/COSPAS
Mr D. Verhulst, Alcatel
Mr E. Both, Hungarian Space Office
Mr E. Kuznietsov, Deputy Director General of the National Space Agency of Ukraine
Mr E. Saggese, Telespazio
Mr F. Davara, Director, EU Satellite Centre
Mr F. De Winne, European Astronaut, ESA
Mr F. Huyns, Institut de Recherche pour le Development, Montpellier, France
Mr G. Aridon, Senior Vice-President Corporate Development, Alenia Spazio / Finmeccanica
Mr G. Dahan, Vice-Chairman European Federation of High Tech SMEs
Mr G. Savary, Vice Chairman of the Committee for Transport, Regional Policy and Tourism,
Sky and Space Intergroup
Mr G. Sawyer, Astrium
Mr G. Bodrato, Member of the European Parliament, and EP rapporteur on space matters
Mr H. Diehl, German Ministry of Education and Research
Mr H. Haubold, United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs
Mr I. Shepherd, Member of GMES Security Group
Mr J. Broquet, Astrium
Mr J. Davey, former Chairman of the Galileo Security Board
Mr J. Garcia Palacios, Hispasat
Mr J. Kolar, President of the Czech National Committee for Space Research
Mr J. Maury, Astrium
Mr J. Nebrera, Proespacio
Mr J. Rønneberg, Norwegian Space Centre
Mr J. Storey, Eurocontrol
Mr J.-L. Dehaene, Vice President of the European Convention
Mr J.-M. Luton, Chairman of Arianespace
Mr K. Becher, Associate Research Fellow, EU Institute for Security Studies
Mr K. Madders, Systemics Network International
Mr K.-U. Schrogl, German Aerospace Centre DLR, Chairman of the International Relations
Committee of ESA
Mr Kremék, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic
Mr L. Mayo, GMV
21
Mr M. Bartolomey, Arianespace
Mr M. Dillon, Managing Director, ESYS plc
Mr M. Kracht, Thales Communications
Mr M.A. Llorca, EADS/CASA
Mr M.-I. Piso, Romanian Space Agency
Mr O. Colaitis, Alcatel Space
Mr P. Kent, European Maritime Radionavigation Forum
Mr P. Kompfner, Ertico
Mr P. Morenés, Secretary of State, Ministry for Science and Technology, Spain
Mr P. Munier, Spotimage
Mr P. Norris, LogicaCMG
Mr P. Rudolff, Corporate Affairs, Arianespace
Mr P.M. Borgeal, Bureau Espace, France
Mr R. Bausch, SES-Global
Mr R. Buttiglione, Italian Minister of Community Policies
Mr R. Gibson, former Director General of ESA
Mr R. Olsen, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment
Mr R. Williams, Eumetsat
Mr S. Buffetaut, European Economic and Social Committee
Mr S. Kulik, Head of International Division, Rosaviakosmos
Mr S. Plattard, Director of International Relations, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, France
Mr S. Vetrella, President of the Italian Space Agency
Mr T. Dachev, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Mr T. Eltges, Newtech
Mr T. Pirard, Space Information Centre, Belgium
Mr V. Gomez, Director General CDTI, Spain
Mr Y. Papantoniou, Minister of Defence of the Hellenic Republic
Mr Z. Klos, Polish Space Research Centre
Mrs C. Haigneré, French Minister for Research and New Technologies
Mrs F. Ghiron, Esinet
Mrs L. Moratti, Italian Minister for Education, University and Research
Mrs M. Flaminia Rossi, Italian Space Agency
Ms C. Noguez, former Conference Originator and Director
Ms E. McNally, Member of the European Parliament
Prof. A. Lebeau, former ESA Director of Science
22
Prof. A. Colombati, University of Udine, Italy
Prof. C. Cesarsky, European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
Prof. F. Rocca, Politecnico Milano, Italy
Prof. G. Corazza, University of Bologna, Italy
Prof. G. Haerendel, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Physique de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
Prof. H. Balsiger, Physikalisches Institute, Bern University, Switzerland
Prof. J.-P. Swings, Institut d’Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Liège, Belgium
Prof. L. Bengtsson, Max Planck Institute für Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany
Prof. M. Grewing, Institut de Radio-Astronomie Millimétrique, Grenoble, France
Prof. R. Pellinen, Finnish Meteo Institute, Finland
Prof. S. Hobe, University of Cologne, Germany
Contributors
Particularly
the offices in:
ACCESS
Advisory Board of Global Network Against Weapons and
Nuclear Power in Space
AECMA - European Association of Aerospace Ind.
AENA - Aeropuertos Españoles y Navegación Aérea
Aeronautical Research and Test Institute
Aeronautics and Space Technologies Institute Turkey
Aerospace Institute Germany
Aerospace Institute Greece
Agencia EFE
AGi Agenzia Giornalistica Italia
AIAD - The Italian Industries Association for Aerospace Systems
and Defence
Airclaims
AirPresse
Alcatel
Alcatel Espacio
Alcatel ETCA
Alcatel Space
Alenia Spazio
ALTEC - Advanced Logistics Technology Engineering Centre
ANSA (Press)
ARD - Studio Brüssel
AREA (Press)
Argongra
Arianespace
Astrium GmbH
Astrium Space
Astrium-Crisa
Astronomy Working Group
Astrophysikalisches Institut Postdam
Aurensa
Germany
USA/Europe
Belgium
Spain
Czech Republic
Turkey
Germany
Greece
Spain
Italy
Italy
United Kingdom
Italy
France
Spain
Belgium
France
Italy
Italy
Italy
Belgium
Italy
Spain
France
Germany
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
France
Germany
Spain
Austrian Federal Ministry for Education and Research
Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology
Austrian Federal Ministry of Defence
Austrian Space Agency
B612 Foundation
Baden-Württemberg at the European Union
BBC
BDLI - German Aerospace Industries Association
Belgian Air Force
Belgian Defence Staff Department for Strategic Affairs
Belgian Federal Office for Scientific Affairs
Belgian Government Space Department
Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy
Belgian Ministry of Defence
Belgian Ministry of Scientific Research
British National Space Centre
British Telecom
Bureau Space News - Paris
Canadian Embassy in Germany
Canadian Embassy in Spain
Canadian Mission to the European Union
Canadian National Defence (OCIPEP)
Carlo Gavazzi Space SpA
CDTI - Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial
Cedarwood Associates International
CFE/CGC - Confédération Française de l'Encadrement
Chinese Embassy in Prague
CIFOR-INIA - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología
Agraria y Alimentaria
CNES
CNES/CFCIB
CNR
Comitato VAS Italian Parliament
Comité économique et social européen
Commitee Office, House of Lords
23
Austria/Germany
Austria
Austria
Austria
Netherlands
Germany/Belgium
United Kingdom
Germany
Belgium
Belgium
Belgium
Belgium
Belgium
Belgium
Belgium
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
France
Canada/Germany
Canada/Spain
Canada/Belgium
Canada
Italy
Spain
Belgium
France
Czech Republic
Spain
Belgium/France
Belgium
Italy
Italy
France
United Kingdom
Contraves Space
COPIT-ONLUS
Corriere della Sera
COSPAS-SARSAT
CRO-IRCCS
Crystal Science and Technology Institute
CS Systemes d'Information
CVUT - Czech Technical University in Prague
Czech Astronomical Institute
Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports
Czech National Committee for Space Research
Czech Space Office
Dassault Aviation
Deimos Space SL
DEIS/ARCES - University of Bologna
Democritus University of Thrace
Demos
Deutsche Bundesregierung
Deutschland Funk / German National Radio
DLR - German Aerospace Centre
DNV - Det Norske Veritas
DOTARS - Department of Transport and Regional Services
Dutch Agency for Aerospace Programmes
Dutch Government
Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science
Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Dutch Space Research Organization
EADS
EADS – Astrium
EADS CASA Espacio
EADS France
EADS Hellas
EADS Launch Vehicles
EADS Space Division
Switzerland
Italy
Italy
United Kingdom
Italy
Czech Republic
France
Czech Republic
Czech Republic
Czech Republic
Czech Republic
Czech Republic
France
Spain
Italy
Greece
United Kingdom
Germany
Germany
Belgium/Germany
Norway
Austria
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
Germany
Germany
Spain
France
Greece
France
France
24
EARSC - European Association of Remote-Sensing Companies
Ecologic
Edisoft
EGIS
Embassy of Estonia in Greece
Energy co / TUB Berlin
ERTICO - ITS Europe
ESO/EIROforum
ESOA European Satellite Operators Association
ESSP – European Satellite Services Provider
ESYS plc
Etat Major des Armées - Bureau Espace
EU Council Secretariat General
EU Institute for Security Studies
EU Military Staff
EU Satellite Centre
Eumetsat
Euroconsult
Eurocontrol
EUROGI
European Astronaut Centre
European Centre for Space and Security
European Convention Members
European Economic and Social Committee
European Martime Radio-navigation Forum
European Parliament
European Satellite Operators Association
European Service Network
European Space Foundation/ESSC
European Space Imaging
European Voice
Eurospace
Eutelsat
Fachhochschule Heilbronn
Fédération Confédérée FO de la Métallurgie
Italy
Germany
Portugal
France
Greece
Germany
Belgium
Germany
Belgium
Belgium
United Kingdom
France
Belgium
France
Belgium
Spain
France
France
Belgium
United Kingdom
Germany
Belgium
EU/Belgium
Belgium
United Kingdom
EU/Belgium
Belgium
Belgium
France
Germany
Belgium
France
France
Germany
France
Fédération des Travailleurs de la Métallurgie CGT
FiatAvio
Financial Times
Finmeccanica
Finnish Meteorological Institute
Finnish Ministry of Trade and Industry
Flight International
FlugRevue
Foreign and Commonwealth Office
Freitag
French Embassy in Germany
French Embassy in Greece
French Ministry of Defence
French Ministry of Research
French Ministry of Research and New Technologies
Futuraspace Sarl
Galileo Avionica
Gebecoma
Geoinformatik FSU Jena
German Federal Ministry for Education, Science and Culture
GFZ
GIFAS - Groupement des Industries Françaises Aéronautiques et Spatiales
GMV
GPlus Europe
Greek Centre of Space Science & Technology
Greek National Centre for Space Applications
GRICES - Gabinete de Relações Internacionais da Ciência e
do Ensino Superior
GTD
Helios Technology
Hellenic Aerospace Industry
Hellenic Air Force
Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy
Hellenic Ministry of Defence
Hellenic Ministry of Development
France
Italy
United Kingdom
Italy
Finland
Finland
France
Germany
United Kingdom
Germany
Germany
Greece
France
France
France
France
Italy
Belgium
Germany
Austria/Germany
Germany
France
Spain
Belgium
Greece
Greece
Portugal
Spain
United Kingdom
Greece
Greece
Greece
Greece
Greece
Hellenic Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Hellenic Ministry of Transport and Communication
Hellenic National Defence General Staff
Hispasat
HiTec Marketing
Homes International s.a.
HTS Development Limited
Hughes Network Systems
Hungarian Ministry of Defence
Hungarian Space Office
IberEspacio
IFAC - Istituto di Fisica Applicata ‘Nello Carrara’
IFREMER - French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea
Iguassu Software Systems
Il Corriere di Roma
Il Manifesto
il Sole 24 Ore
Indra Espacio
Industrial Science and Technology
Infoterra
INMARSAT Ventures
Institut de France - Académie des Sciences
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement
Institut Français de Navigation
Institut für Quantenoptik
Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Czech Acad. Sci.
Instituto Geografico Nacional
Instituto Geografico Portugues
INTA - Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
INTELLECT
International Institute of Applied Technologies (IIAT)
International Space University
IRAM - Institut de Recherches et d'Applications des Méthodes
de Développement
Istituto Affari Internazionali
25
Greece
Greece
Greece
Spain
Austria
Belgium
United Kingdom
USA
Hungary
Hungary
Spain
Italy
France
Czech Republic
Italy
Italy
Italy
Spain
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
France
France
France
Germany
Czech Republic
Spain
Portugal
Spain
United Kingdom
Belgium
France
France
Italy
Italian European Policy Gov. Dept.
Italian Institute of Navigation
Italian Ministry of Defence
Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Italian Ministry of Internal Affairs
Italian Ministry of University and Research
Italian Space Agency
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
Kayser-Threde
La Libre Belgique
Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique
Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement
L'Echo
Lockheed Martin
Logica CMG
Luxembourg Aerospace Industries
Luxembourg Ministry of Culture, High Education and Research
Maltepe University
MAN Technologie
Mars Society Deutschland
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Max Planck Institut
Mersey Reporter / UkSEDS
Météo France
Metria Miljöanalys
Mier Communicaciones
Ministry of Flanders
Mitglied des Deutschen Bundestages
Munich Orientation Convention
NASDA - Japanese Space Agency
National Audit Office UK
National Observatory of Athens
National Space Agency of Ukraine
NATS - National Air Traffic Services
NERA Satcom
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Belgium
Germany
Belgium
France
France
Belgium
Belgium
United Kingdom
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Turkey
Germany
Germany
USA
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Sweden
Spain
Belgium
Germany
Germany
Japan/France
United Kingdom
Greece
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Spain
26
NERC/UNSC Natural Environment Research Council
New Skies Satellites N.V.
Newtec
Norwegian Defence Research Establishment
Norwegian Ministry of Trade and Industry
Norwegian Space Centre
NPA Satellite Mapping and Exploitation
Occar - Organisation Conjointe de Coopération en matière d'Armement
OECD
OHB-System
OMNI Communications
Pagnanelli Risk Solutions
People TV
Permanent Representation of Denmark to the EU
Permanent Representation of France to the EU
Polish Academy of Sciences
Polish Space Research Centre
Politecnico di Milano
Polspace
Portuguese Embassy in Greece
Portuguese Ministry of Science
Portuguese NSA
Prospace
Prudential
Publications UKSEDS
Puertos del Estado
Qinetiq Ltd.
Radiacion y Microondas
RaumfahrtJournalist
Regional Environmental Centre for Central and Eastern Europe
Romanian Space Agency
Rosaviakosmos
Royal Centre for Space Remote Sensing
Royal Ministry of Trade and Industry
Saab Ericsson Space AB
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Belgium
Norway
Norway
Norway
United Kingdom
Germany
France
Germany
United Kingdom
Italy
France
Belgium
Belgium
Poland
Poland
Italy
Poland
Greece
Portugal
Portugal
France
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Spain
United Kingdom
Spain
Germany
Hungary
Romania
Russia
Morocco
Norway
Sweden
Sabca
SAP REG - Satellite Action Plan Regulatory Group
SAT REG Ltd.
Satlynx
SatNavConsult
SchlumbergerSema
Science's Next Wave
SCISYS
Senat de Belgique
Sener
SES Global
SESO - Société Européenne de Systèmes Optiques
SGAC - Space Generation Advisory Council
Sira Electro-Optics
Sky & Space Intergroup of the European Parliament
Sky Logic - Eutelsat
Slovenian Ministry of Education, Science and Sport
Snecma Moteurs
Solar-Terrestrial Influences Laboratory
Space Benefit
Space Imaging
Space Information Centre
Space News
SpaceChecker
Spanish Ministry for Science and Technology
Spanish Ministry of Defence
Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Spanish National Space Programme
Spanish Parliament
Spotimage
SSTC Services fédéraux des affaires scientifiques, techniques
et culturelles/Belgian Space Department
Stato Maggiore Difesa
Stork
Stork Aerospace
Belgium
Belgium
United Kingdom
Luxembourg
Germany
Spain
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Belgium
Spain
Belgium
France
Ireland/Europe
United Kingdom
EU/Belgium
Italy
Slovenia
France
Bulgaria
Germany
Greece
Belgium
France
Belgium
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
Spain
France
Belgium
Italy
Belgium
Netherlands
Stork Product Engineering
Studio Legale Carnelutti
Surrey Satellite Technology
Swedish Embassy in Greece
Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs
Swedish National Space Board
Swiss Mission to the European Union
Swiss Space Office
Systemics Network International
Systems Engineering & Assessment Ltd.
TCP Sistemas e Ingenieria
Technology Centre AS CR
Techspace Aero
Tecnologica
Telelogic
Telesambre
Telespazio
Terma A/S
Thales
Thales ATM - Delegate European Affairs
Thales Avionics
Thales Communications
The Acronym Institute for Disarmament Diplomacy
The Heart Centre
Top Strategies
Transplarety
Trinity House Lighthouse Service
UDcast
UNIFE - Union of European Railways
United Kingdom Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
United Kingdom Department of Trade and Industry
United Kingdom Embassy in Spain
United Kingdom Government
United Kingdom Industrial Space Committee
United Kingdom Ministry for Science and Technology
27
Netherlands
Italy
United Kingdom
Greece
Sweden
Sweden
Belgium
Switzerland
Belgium
United Kingdom
Spain
Czech Republic
Belgium
Spain
Spain
Belgium
Italy
Denmark
France
Belgium
France
France
United Kingdom
Denmark
Belgium
Belgium
United Kingdom
France
Belgium
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Spain
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
United Kingdom Ministry of Defence
United Nations, Office for Outer Space Affairs
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid
University College London
University of Aachen
University of Aveiro
University of Berlin
University of Bern
University of Bologna
University of Bremen
University of Cologne
University of Cranfield
University of Darmstadt
University of Greifswald
University of Hamburg
University of Leeds
University of Liège
University of Marseille
University of Oxford
University of Patras
University of Pisa
University of Reading
University of Rome
University of Stuttgart
University of Thessaloniki
University of Trento
Vitrociset SpA
Vlaamse Ruimtevaart Industriëlen
Wallonia Space Logistics
WDR - West Deutscher Rundfunk
World Meteorological Organization
Yuzhnoye SDO
United Kingdom
Austria
Spain
United Kingdom
Germany
Portugal
Germany
Switzerland
Italy
Germany
Germany
United Kingdom
Germany
Germany
Germany
United Kingdom
Belgium
France
United Kingdom
Greece
Italy
United Kingdom
Italy
Germany
Greece
Italy
Italy
Belgium
Belgium
Germany
Switzerland
Belgium/Ukraine
28