NEW MEXICO BUREAU OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES A DIVISION OF NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING AND TECHNOLOGY
106°52'30"W
106°50'0"W
327000
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34°15'0"N
330000
106°47'30"W
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NMBGMR Open-file Geologic Map 92
Last Modified 8 September 2010
106°45'0"W
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DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS
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34°7'30"N
Foliation
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327000
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106°52'30"W
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106°50'0"W
1:24,000
LA JOYA
1
BECKER SW
SOCORRO
Mesa
del
Yeso
MESA DEL YESO
LOMA DE LAS CANAS
0.5
0
1 MILE
338000
339000
106°45'0"W
Geologic map of the Mesa del Yeso
quadrangle, Socorro County, New Mexico
Paleocurrent, piedmont - paleoflow direction based on pebble imbrication or
crossbedding in piedmont deposits
Tsl
Paleocurrent, axial - paleoflow direction based on imbrication or crossbedding
in axial fluvial deposits
1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
BUSTOS WELL
Tbps
June 2004
1
Magnetic Declination
June, 2005
9º 51' East
At Map Center
0.5
0
Tbpg
1 KILOMETER
CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET
NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929
Tb
by
2
3
Steven M. Cather , Robert M. Colpitts, Jr. , and Steven C. Hook .
Tbae
1
Tbpv
1
NMBGMR, 801 Leroy Pl., Socorro, NM, 87801
Finley Resources, 1308 Lake St., Ft. Worth, TX, 76102
3
Atarque Geologic Consulting, LLC., 411 Eaton Ave., Socorro, NM, 87801
2
QUADRANGLE LOCATION
This draft geologic map is preliminary and will undergo revision. It was produced
from either scans of hand-drafted originals or from digitally drafted original maps
and figures using a wide variety of software, and is currently in cartographic production.
It is being distributed in this draft form as part of the bureau's Open-file map series
(OFGM), due to high demand for current geologic map data in these areas where
STATEMAP quadrangles are located, and it is the bureau's policy to disseminate
geologic data to the public as soon as possible.
After this map has undergone scientific peer review, editing, and final cartographic
production adhering to bureau map standards, it will be released in our Geologic Map
(GM) series. This final version will receive a new GM number and will supercede
this preliminary open-file geologic map.
DRAFT
New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources
Open-file Geologic Map 92
COMMENTS TO MAP USERS
Mapping of this quadrangle was funded by a matching-funds grant from the STATEMAP program
of the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Act, administered by the U. S. Geological Survey,
and by the New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, (Dr. Peter A. Scholle,
Director and State Geologist , Dr. J. Michael Timmons, Geologic Mapping Program Manager ).
New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources
New Mexico Tech
801 Leroy Place
Socorro, New Mexico
87801-4796
[505] 835-5490
http://geoinfo.nmt.edu
This and other STATEMAP quadrangles are (or soon will be) available
for free download in both PDF and ArcGIS formats at:
http://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/maps/geologic/ofgm/home.html
A geologic map displays information on the distribution, nature, orientation, and age relationships
of rock and deposits and the occurrence of structural features. Geologic and fault contacts are
irregular surfaces that form boundaries between different types or ages of units. Data depicted
on this geologic quadrangle map may be based on any of the following: reconnaissance field
geologic mapping, compilation of published and unpublished work, and photogeologic interpretation.
Locations of contacts are not surveyed, but are plotted by interpretation of the position of a given
contact onto a topographic base map; therefore, the accuracy of contact locations depends on the
scale of mapping and the interpretation of the geologist(s). Any enlargement of this map could cause
misunderstanding in the detail of mapping and may result in erroneous interpretations. Site-specific
conditions should be verified by detailed surface mapping or subsurface exploration. Topographic
and cultural changes associated with recent development may not be shown.
Pyl
Py
Pyu
Pyt
Vicks Peak Tuff––Light gray, moderately welded, crystal-poor rhyolite ignimbrite. Thickness is about 100 m.
40Ar/39Ar age is 28.6 Ma. Corresponds to unit Talp4 of Spradlin (1976).
La Jencia Tuff––Pink to gray, densely to moderately welded, crystal-poor, rhyolitic ignimbrite that exhibits compound
cooling. Upper part of unit is prominently flow-banded. Crystals are mostly sanidine and quartz; lithics are typically
sparse. Thickness is about 315 m. 40Ar/39Ar age is 28.9 Ma. Corresponds with units Talp1, Talp2, Talp3a, Talp3, and
Talp-af of Spradlin (1976).
Luis Lopez Formation––Crystal-poor, moderately to poorly welded, pumiceous rhyolitic ignimbrite. Rare crystals
include sanidine, plagioclase, and quartz; lithics are locally sparse to abundant. Exposed only in north-central part of
quadrangle. 0–60 m thick. Corresponds to unit Tscp of Beck (1993).
Abo Formation (Permian, Leonardian)––Interbedded dark reddish brown (10R 3/4) mudstone and shale, and grayish
red (10R 4/2) to dark reddish brown (10 R 3/4) siltstone, sandstone and, locally, thin conglomerate and rare limestone.
Thickness: 685 feet (209 meters).
Pa
Hells Mesa Tuff––Brownish pink, crystal-rich, densely welded rhyolitic ignimbrite. Crystals are sanidine, quartz, and
biotite; lithics are sparse. Thickness ranges from 150-300 m. 40Ar/39Ar age is 32.1 Ma. Corresponds to units Thm1 and
Thm2 of Spradlin (1976).
Bursum Formation (Permian, Wolfcampian)––Interbedded medium dark gray (N4) to brownish gray (5YR 4/1) with
some grayish red (5R 4/2) shale, medium gray (N5) to brownish black (5YR 2/1), peloidal and fossiliferous locally
dolomitic limestone, and grayish orange pink (10R 8/2) to grayish orange (10YR 7/4), fine to very coarse-grained, very
lenticular and trough cross-bedded sandstones. About 200 m thick.
Pb
Upper Spears Group––Dark- to medium-gray volcaniclastic sandstone, conglomerate, and minor mudstone. Debrisflow breccias are locally present. Clast lithotypes are mostly dark gray basaltic andesite (plagioclase- and
clinopyroxene-bearing) but also andesite-dacite (plagioclase- and amphibole-bearing). 0–80 m thick. Age range ~36–32
Ma (Cather et al., 1987). Spears Group terminology used as defined by Cather et al. (1994)
Pennsylvanian
Lower Spears Group––Medium- to light-gray volcaniclastic sandstone, conglomerate, debris-flow breccia, and minor
mudstone. Clasts are dominated by plagioclase- and amphibole-bearing andesite and dacite. Minor amounts of nonvolcanic clasts are locally present above transition with underlying Baca Formation. Thickness is ~300–500 m. Age
range is ~39–36 Ma (Cather et al., 1987). Usage of the term Datil Group is after Cather et al. (1994)
Madera Group (Pennsylvanian, Desmoinsian to Virgilian)––Interbedded medium to dark gray (N3 to N5) marine
limestones, dark gray (N3) to moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6) shale and siltstone, and marginal marine sandstone and
conglomerate. At least 200 m thick.
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REFERENCES
Baker, B. W., 1981, Geology and depositional environments of Upper Cretaceous rocks, Sevilleta Grant, Socorro County, New Mexico [Masters
thesis]: Socorro, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology: 159 p.
Beck, W. C., 1993, Structural evolution of the Joyita Hills, Socorro County, New Mexico [Ph.D. dissertation]: Socorro, New Mexico Institute of
Mining and Technology: 187 p.
Cather, S. M., 1983, Laramide Sierra uplift: Evidence for major pre-rift uplift in central and southern New Mexico: New Mexico Geological
Society, Guidebook 34: 99–101.
Cather, S. M., McIntosh, W. C. et al., 1987, Stratigraphy, age, and rates of deposition of the Datil Group (upper Eocene-lower Oligocene),
west-central New Mexico: New Mexico Geology, vol. 9: p. 50–54.
Cather, S. M., and McIntosh, W. C., 1994, The Plio–Pleistocene Quemado Formation of west-central New Mexico: New Mexico Geological
Society, Guidebook 45, p. 279–281.
Cather, S. M., 1997, Toward a hydrogeologic classification of map units in the Santa Fe Group, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico: New Mexico
Geology, v. 19, no. 1, p. 15–21.
Darton, N. H.,1928, “Red beds” and associated formations in New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 55, p. 550–565.
Spradlin, E. J., 1976, Stratigraphy of Tertiary volcanic rocks, Joyita Hills area, Socorro County, New Mexico [M.S. thesis]: Albuquerque,
University of New Mexico, 73 p.
Baca Formation (middle Eocene)––Fluvial red-bed sandstone, conglomerate, and mudstone. Sandstone is commonly
cross-bedded; conglomerate contains pebbles, cobbles and boulders of Cretaceous, Paleozoic, and Proterozoic lithotypes.
Sedimentary-clast dominated facies (Tbps) was derived from the south (Parida structural zone) and from the west (Sierra
uplift of Cather, 1983). Granite-gneiss dominated facies (Tbpg) was derived from basement exposures to the west
(Sierra uplift) and to the east (southern Montosa uplift of Cather, 1992). Sandstone and conglomerate containing clasts of
well-rounded quartzite and metavolcanics (Tbae) that resemble clasts present in the Mogollon Rim and Eagar Formations of eastern Arizona and western New Mexico represent exotic axial-river deposits derived from far to the west in the
Mogollon highland. Tongues of sandstone and conglomerate that contain more than 10% volcanic detritus (Tbpv) occur
in the middle and upper Baca Formation. These deposits were derived from the west and mark the transition to the
overlying Spears Group.
West
East
A
A'
Bend in
section
6000
Veranito
fault
Tl
QTst
QTspc
4000
QTsa
QTst
Cross sections are constructed based upon the interpretations of the author made from geologic
mapping, and available geophysical, and subsurface (drillhole) data. Cross-sections should be used as
an aid to understanding the general geologic framework of the map area, and not be the sole source
of information for use in locating or designing wells, buildings, roads, or other man-made structures.
The map has not been reviewed according to New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources
standards. The contents of the report and map should not be considered final and complete until
reviewed and published by the New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources. The views and
conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as
necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the State of New Mexico, or
the U.S. Government.
Yeso Formation (Permian, Leonardian)––Interbedded sandstone, siltstone, dolomitic limestone and shale. Divided
into four members (in ascending order): Meseta Blanca, Torres, Cañas Gypsum, and Joyita Members. The Meseta Blanca
Member constitutes the lower Yeso Formation (Pyl) and the Torres, Cañas Gypsum and Joyita Members constitute the
upper Yeso Formation (Pyu). Meseta Blanca Mbr: Interbedded very pale orange (10YR 8/1), pinkish-gray (5YR 8/1) and
moderate reddish-brown (10R 4/6), very fine- to coarse-grained quartz sandstone, are very light gray (N8) to dark
reddish-brown (10R 3/4) siltstone and are dark reddish-brown (10R 3/4) to grayish-red (5R 4/2) slope forming mudstones and shales. Thickness: 90 meters. Torres Mbr: interbedded pale to moderate reddish-brown (10R 5/4 to 10R 4/6),
grayish-pink (5R 8/2) or grayish-red (5R 4/2), fine- to medium-grained quartz sandstone, white (N9) to light gray (N7)
gypsum thin layers and lenses of dolomitized oolitic limestone, and pale yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2) to olive black (5Y
2/1) limestones that ranges from carbonate mudstone to peloidal or oolitic packstones and grainstones and are locally
fossiliferous, dolomitic, and argillaceous. As many as 12 limestone beds present within the section. Thickness: 173
meters. Cañas Gypsum Mbr: interbedded very light gray to white (N8 to N9) laminated to chicken-wire gypsum and
minor, thin very fine-grained silty sandstone and a thin, medial, fetid, gypsiferous carbonate mudstone. Thickness: 0–24
meters. Joyita Mbr: Pale reddish-brown (10R 5/4) to moderate reddish-orange (10R 6/6), friable and calcareous, fine- to
very fine-grained quartz sandstones with scattered displacive halite casts and clay flakes on bedding surfaces. The upper
beds display low-angle cross beds and ripple cross-laminations. Thickness: 29–36 meters.
Eocene
7000 FEET
SIERRA DE LA CRUZ
Glorieta Sandstone (Permian)––White (N9) to very pale orange (10YR 8/2), fine- to medium-grained, friable to wellindurated, crossbedded quartz arenite (Plate 12). Has scattered coarse-grained, well-rounded, frosted quartz grains,
especially in the lower half of the unit. Thickness: 55–63 meters
Pg
Lemitar Tuff––Pink, densely welded, moderately crystal-rich rhyolite ignimbrite. Crystals are sanidine, plagioclase,
quartz, and biotite; lithics are minor. Thickness is about 75 m. 40Ar/39Ar age is 28.0 Ma. Corresponds to unit Taw of
Spradlin (1976).
Geologic cross section
NEW MEXICO
LEMITAR
337000
106°47'30"W
Base map from U.S. Geological Survey 1959, from photographs taken 1956, field checked in 1959.
1927 North American datum, UTM projection -- zone 13N
1000-meter Universal Transverse Mercator grid, zone 13, shown in red
SAN ACACIA
336000
La Jara Peak Basaltic Andesite––Aphanitic to slightly porphyritic mafic flows and associated breccias of mostly
basaltic andesite composition. Phenocrysts are mostly plagioclase and clinopyroxene. In the quadrangle, the unit occurs
as six tongues: (1) within the upper Spears Group, (2) below the Hells Mesa Tuff, (3) below the La Jencia Tuff, (4)
below the Vicks Peak Tuff, (5) below the Lemitar Tuff, (6) below the South Canyon Tuff (note that this stratigraphic
distribution is greater than originally defined by Osburn and Chapin, 1983). Composite thickness is many hundreds of
meters. Age range is ~36-24 Ma in the quadrangle. Corresponds to units Tsp-a1, Tsp-a2, Thm-a, Taw-a, and Trdc-a of
Spradlin (1976).
Strike and dip of inclined bedding
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South Canyon Tuff––Light gray to light purple, densely welded, crystal-poor to moderately crystal-rich rhyolite ignimbrite. Crystals are mostly sanidine and quartz; lithic fragments are common. At least 375 m thick. 40Ar/39Ar age is 27.4
Ma. Corresponds to Units Tpc1 and Tpc2 of Spradlin (1976).
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3780000
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San Andres Formation (Permian, Leonardian)––Interbedded limestone, dolostone, breccia and gypsum. Limestones
are brownish-black (5YR 2/1), pale yellowish-brown (10YR 6/2) and medium gray (N5) and range from wackestone to
grainstone. Dolostones are brownish-gray (5YR 4/1) to olive-gray (5Y 4/1), and locally gypsiferous. Breccias consist of
brownish-black (5YR 2/1) limestone and dolostone breccias that grade laterally into thin-bedded, dark gray (N3) limestones. The gypsums are white (N9) to light gray (N7), laminated and poorly exposed. The gypsum is absent across the
southern and western parts of the map but is as much as 122 meters thick in the northeastern part of the map. Thickness:
60–200 meters.
Psa
:
+
65
34
!
8
Artesia Formation (Permian, Guadalupian? to Ochoan?)––Interbedded moderate red (5R 4/6) to pale reddish-brown
(10R 5/4) and very pale orange (10YR 8/2), calcareous and occasionally gypsiferous siltstones, and very fine to finegrained quartz, calcareous and slightly micaceous sandstones, with are dark reddish-brown (10R 3/4) to light olive-gray
(5Y 6/1), slightly micaceous mudstones, which have scattered halite casts and are broadly lenticular. Thickness: 0–30
meters
15
:
65
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
7
5
12
+
o
!
o
o
o o
o
3
Moenkopi Formation (Middle and Lower Triassic)––Red-brown, brown, and buff continental mudstone, sandstone
and minor conglomerate. 0–30 m thick.
Pag
(40Ar/39Ar ages are from McIntosh et al., 1991)
3781000
$
4
2
::
@m
Oligocene
Normal Fault - showing dip; bar and ball on downthrown block of steep faults;
dashed where approximately located; dotted where concealed;
querried where inferred
65
15
:
!
19
Pa
Chinle Group (Upper Triassic)––Red, gray and maroon fluvial mudstone with subordinate sandstone,limestone-pebble
conglomerate,and limestone. Forms slopes and valleys. About 200 m thick.
PALEOZOIC ERATHEM
Permian
Conglomeratic piedmont facies––Characterized by conglomerate/sandstone ratio of greater than 2/1. In this and other
facies within the Popotosa Formation, detritus was derived dominantly from mid-Tertiary volcanic rocks. Conglomerate
is mostly clast-supported, crudely imbricated, and poorly sorted. Sandstone in Tppc is medium to very coarse grained
and commonly exhibits either crossbedding or horizontal laminations. Mudstone is rare, occurring mostly as thin,
discontinuous drapes.
34°10'0"N
Pa
Qvy
5
5
!
!
³
!
!
Ü
!
!
28
23
13
!
!
!
³
!
!
+
!
!
:
!
17
!
!
!
!
!
³
!
21
13
!
19
o
o
!
o
8
!
!
!
31
!
49
Contact - dashed where approximately located; dotted where concealed
6
22
Qvy
Pg
3782000
65
20
o
!
!
5
!
!
!
oo
!
!
!
Tppc
Qvy
o
!
@c
POPOTOSA FORMATION
Lower Miocene–upper Miocene
Pyl
!
17
!
!
!
!
o
!
!
+
!
o
:
!
!
o
8
!
:
o
!
!
!
3783000
63
!
!
!
8
Triassic
Pond and lake deposits––Laminated reddish-brown mudstone and minor sandstone that accumulated in local ponds and
lakes.
+
16
Pyu
!
39
35
!
!
oo
!
D U
!
!
!
!
!
³
!
!
QTsm
Pyu
:
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o
Qvy
: :
!
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o
o
!
:
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o
21
Pg
o o
Psa ³
22
!
!
Pg
Qvy
6
70
Qvy
Qvy
o
::
!
10
Í
Pyl
23
Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic)––Light gray to light brown crossbedded sandstone and minor siltstone 0–15 m
thick. Fills paleovalley about 300 m wide that is cut into Chinle Group in the northeast part of the quadrangle. Probably
is correlative with the Saltwash Member.
Jm
2
!
:
+
!
!
³
16
7
!
!
o
!
Psa
62
!
Ü:
!
:
!
!
so
Í
!
!
o
!
36
15
!
:
Ps
³
!
³
!
!
!
!
oo
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
:
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
o
o
³
F
o
!
!
!
!
!
!
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!
!
!
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o
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o o
o
!
!
:
³
:
:
37
!
!
!
!
!
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o o
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!
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Ü
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o
!
Ü
!
!
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o
!
!
!
o
o
!
!
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o
Ü
!
!
!
!
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o
!
Ü
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Ü
!
!
:
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Pyu
27
³
Pg
³
4
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
78
U
:o
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
:
!
!
o
21
M
F
23
Pg
13
Pyu
o
!
34
!
³
Pyl
!
8
7
31
13
!
Qvy
Qal
Pa
!
!
Pa
:
+
Pyu
Pyu
Psa
12
o
45
!
!
o
!
Qal
24
15
24
!
!
!
!
!
!
o
!
!
!
!
o
!
!
!
+
!
!
!
!
+
Psa
22
13
15
&ma
52
0
Qvy
o
!
!
o
20
o
28
14
Psa
22
14
:
17
:
##
!
!
!
!
15
!
+
Psa
Pg
:
o
o
:
!
Pg
Pyl
@c
!
8
23
!
!
:
³
!
:
!
!
Pyu
19
Ü
o
³
Tlp
20
!
42
40
Jurassic
Transitional axial-piedmont facies––Intertongued axial river deposits and piedmont deposits. Transitional deposits are
defined as the zone of overlap between the basinward extent of piedmont sand and gravel and the mountainward extent
of axial river sand and gravel. Mudstone is commonly ambiguous as to its former position within the facies tract (i.e.
piedmont vs. axial), and thus is not a factor in delineating the transitional facies.
62 Pyu
19
!
!
!
!
5
Pyl
Pyl 45
!
25
Qvy
!
Tbpg 54
45 42
19
:
o
Qvy
Psa
!
40
Tbps
D
5
:
!
Pg
Pyu
!
!
!
!
:
o
!
Tsl
Pg
23
35
:
!
!
!
!
:
!
15
Qvy
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
:
!
!
o
Pg
:
!
!
!
QTst
Pag
15
Ü
Ü
QTspc(s)
!
Qe
Psa
U
Qvy
:
!
!
70
1
Pyl
Pyu
33
!!
Pg
!
Qvy
34°7'30"N
o
!
Qal
!
!
Tbps
75
!
e
Qe
!
!
15
QTspc(s)
QTspcs(s)
27
!
Tsl
QTspcs(s)
QTst
!
!
8
25
Qvy
Tlp
!
!
Qal
Qal
25
:
!
Qvo
3778000
!
Ü
Ü
!
QTst
!
!
Qvy
@m
o
!
Qal
Qvo
20
Qal
Psa
Qvy
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Tsc
o
7
Qvy
!
Thm
!
!
!
Qvy
17
Pyu
Qvy
!
!
!
QTspc(s)
2
11
QTspc(s)
13
Qvo
!
!
Tlj
!
!
!
Qvo
Tsc
!
!
!
!
Qal
74
!
!
!
Qsg
Qvy
Qal
12
:
20
Qvy
Ü
!
!
!
12
Tlp
!
:
Psa
9
Qvy
67
!
!
Qal
15
Qal
D U
9
Tppc
!
!
!
28
Qal
Thm
:
23
!
!
!
!
!
!
Axial-river facies––Channel and floodplain deposits of ancestral Rio Grande consisting of variable proportions of
sandstone, mudstone, and conglomerate. Sandstone is typically crossbedded and poorly indurated. Clasts in conglomerate consist of well-rounded to sub-rounded pebbles of quartzite, chert, granite, gneiss, sandstone, volcanic lithics,
siltstone, schist, phyllite, limestone, obsidian, and pumice. Mudstone ranges in color from reddish brown to greenish
gray. Paleoflow was to the south. Crosses (x) on map indicate selected exposures of axial sandstone and conglomerate
used to delineate areal extent of axial-river facies (QTsa) and transitional axial-piedmont facies (QTst).
oo
999
D
!
!
:
!
3779000
65
23
Tvp
!
!
!
Qsg
QTspc(s)
o
o:
31
29
20
!
!
Pg
47
:
Tlj 29
@c
Ü
ÜÜ
11
45
50
!
!
!
!
15
Tbps
!
!
QTspcs(s)
29
18
!
!
!
!
!
!
30
QTst
QTsa
!
Qal
11
Ü
ÜÜ
Ü
Tbpv
!
Qal
Tl
U
!
!
33
!
!
!
14
³
!
!
21
18
!
!
31
46
45
!
!
Tsl
Tvp
QTspcs(s)
D
16
Psa
Tbps
!
!
!
!
Tsu
³
o:
o
Í
oo o
o
ÜÜ
o
o
o
o
oo
o
:
o
o
o
o
o
o
:
o
oo oo
o
!
!
!
!
!
QTspc(s)
Qvo
U
23
!
!
!
Qvo
!
!
!
Pennsylvanian
!
8
!
!
!
&m
@c
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
@c
Tl
Qf
!
!
!
3780000
23
!
!
!
!
QTst
³
Tbps
Dakota Sandstone (Middle Cenomanian)––Baker (1981, p. 13) reported 15.5 m of sandstone and shale in NE part of
the quadrangle. The upper sandstone is a ridge-forming, bioturbated, gray, fine grained sandstone that weathers brown,
and is 8.5 m thick. The lower sandstone, 2 m thick with pebbly lenses, is separated form the upper by 5.2 m of medium
gray, silty shale. No body fossils have been found in the Dakota.
Kd
Pb
22
!
!
!
30
!
!
!
Tbps
10
!
!
!
Tlp
Tlp
QTsa
D
!
!
Tsc
D
!
26
!
!
!
Qal
U
!
!
3
Tbps
!
!
D U
30
!
!
18
Tlp
Tppc
!
!
!
!
!
$
!
o
!
23
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
1
«
¬
!
!
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!
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!
!
!
D
!!
!
!
U
U
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
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o
17
!
2
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!
17
Qal
!
Thm
Tlj
!
12
!
32
Qvo
!
!
!
!
!
!
:
!
Qal
!
D U
!
Tvp
Qal
!
!
CCCC
C
C
15
U D
!
Qvy
Tppc
34
Kcc
!
!
!
!
3781000
Tsl
34
Tlj
:
!
!
!
Qvo
QTspc(s)
!
!
:
QTspc(s)
e
Qvy
20
:
:
:: : F :
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
50
!
!
Ü
Ü
!
!
!
!
70
!
!
!
42
:
Tvp
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
+
Fo
!
F
!
!
!
24
!
26
!
?
!
17
!
28
!
!
26
!
32
!
!
!
!
!
4
!
!
!
!
!
!
:
34°10'0"N
3782000
Tbps
!
!
!
:
QTst
Qvy
Qvy
!
!
!
!
!
:
!
!
!
!
!
3784000
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
30
Tbpv
!
!
!
!
!
+
!
Fo +
o:
e
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Qvy
Tlp
!
!
!
!
40
Thm
QTsa
!
!
!
!
:
50
QTsa
!
!
!
!
!
!
:
Tl
!
!
!
!
19
!
!
!
!
26
Tlj
!
!
!
!
!
!
40
³
!
!
!
!
:
!
22
:
!
Tlp
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
1
!
!
!
!
!
Pa
!
!
!
!
!
Thm
27
Tlp
!
!
45
Tlj
:
Qal
30
!
!
Permian
!
Kcc
!
!
!
:
20
!
Tl
QTsa
Tvp
³
!
M
:
F
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
30
!
!
!
Kmd
!
!
QTsa
Py
!
!
!
!
QTsa
!
!
!
!
Sandstone-dominated piedmont facies––Characterized by conglomerate/ sandstone ratio of less than 1/2. Conglomerate is clast-supported and occurs in tabular or lenticular units <2 m thick. Sandstone is very fine to very coarse grained
and exhibits a dominance of horizontal stratification. Mudstone is common and occurs as tabular units which locally
compose as much as 20% of the unit. Calcareous paleosols are locally well-developed. Provenance subdivisions (v) and
(s) are same as for QTspc.
Psa
!
!
!
Pag
3785000
D
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
^m
Pg
!
!
!
QTsps
!
!
!
!
!
Triassic
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
U
!
!
!
!
!
Tvp
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
^c
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Lower part of the Mancos Shale (Middle Cenomanian-Lower Turonian)––Calcareous and noncalcareous, gray,
marine, slope-forming shale with minor, thin sandstone beds near base and top. Sharp basal contact and gradational
upper contact. The only exposure is in the NE part of the quadrangle, where the top is faulted. Contains numerous thin
bentonite beds. Calcareous shale in upper part of unit weathers to a lighter gray and contains abundant Pycnodonte
newberryi (Stanton). Thin sandstones in basal 15 m contain common Ostrea beloiti Logan. Baker (1981, p. 16) reports
Conlinoceras tarrantense (Adkins) (as Calycoceras gilberti Cobban and Scott) from 25 cm above base.
Kml
!
!
!
Upper Jurassic
Jm
Conglomerate-sandstone piedmont facies––Characterized by conglomerate/sandstone ratio between 2/1 and 1/2; this
is the volumetrically dominant piedmont facies within the Sierra Ladrones Formation. Conglomerate is mostly clastsupported and poorly sorted. Sandstone is typically medium to very coarse-grained, commonly pebbly, and exhibits
crossbedding or horizontal stratification. Mudstone is minor. Provenance subdivisions (v) and (s) are same as for QTspc
!
!
D
!
!
Thm
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Conglomeratic piedmont facies––Characterized by conglomerate/sandstone ratio greater than 2/1. Conglomerate is
typically poorly sorted and clast supported. Sandstone is typically medium to very coarse and crossbedded or horizontally stratified. Matrix-supported debris-flow deposits are common. Mudstone is rare. QTspc includes gravelly veneers
on pediment surfaces.
In addition to the subdivision of piedmont deposits based on textural criteria, these deposits were further subdivided on
the basis of provenance. Siliciclastic piedmont deposits containing a dominance (>50%) of Mesozoic, Paleozoic, and
Precambrian detritus are denoted by (s); dominantly volcaniclastic rocks are indicated by (v). Where they do not coincide with textural subdivisions, provenance contacts are denoted by a dot-dash symbol (see Explanation of Map Symbols).
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Thm
U
!
!
!
!
Tlj
21
!
!
!
!
!
QTspcs
Kd
!
!
!
!
!
!
22 12
!
!
Psa
Upper Cretaceous
Kml
3786000
23
!
+
41
o
!
!
!
Foo
!
!
!
o
!
!
!
!
!
!
Tlp
³
Tlj
!
8
!
Kmd
Kth
!
!
!
!
!
2
!
28
Tvp
::
:
!
!
!
!
!
Tlp
!
QTspcs(v)
!
!
!
Tl 20
!
!
!
Tppc
:
!
Tsl 50
Thm
o
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
³
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
QTsa
!
31
Thm
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
3784000
!
!
Tlj
!
!
43
34°12'30"N
o
:
20
:
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
e
Í
!
27
6
23
!
!
!
74
:
QTspcs(s)
!
24
!
37
7
!
!
!
:
21
23
o
Pg
10
26
13
33
³
U
Kg
33
Pyl
21
13
³
!
!
20
27
o
4
!
!
!
!
30
P
::
F
30
!
!
!
e:
!
QTst
25
30
³
!
!
!
!
11
13
Psa
Pyu
24
³
!
12
U D
27
Qvy
20
F
!
!
!
o
F
:
15
!
!
:
o#
:
!
!
:
U
!
!
!
Tsl
Tlj
P
P
!
D
!
!
e
!
!
P
22
33
!
!
!
!
P
30
Pyu
22
20
!
!
!
!
P
: o: ::
: : :
::
:
:
: : :
: :
!
!
!
!
!
QTspc(s)
50
!
!
!
!
!
U
!
!
!
:
U
!
!
!
!
D
!
30
!
J
3783000
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Thm
Qvy
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
U D
Tlp
44
Kcc
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Qvy
Psa
10
Tbps Tbpv Tbae Tbpg
3787000
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
40
!
QTspc
Eocene
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
U D
20
o
!
6
o
Psa
Pyu
27
o
!
24
Tsl
32
!
20 4
P
+
!
!
!
:
!
!
!
!
! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Qal
20
29
Pg
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
37
!
!
!
!
Tbps
25
19
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Tvp
3
!
!
21
:
!
?
!
!
!
!
!
25
12
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Tl
Tlp
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
o
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
33
!
! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
19
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Tbps
Tres Hermanos Formation (Middle Turonian)––Sandstone and shale unit that forms a regressive-transgressive wedge
of nearshore marine and non-marine deposits that is 76-82 m thick with a gradational base and a sharp top. Consists of
three members, in descending order: Fite Ranch Sandstone Member (Kthf) (upper Middle Turonian)––Highly bioturbated, coastal barrier sandstone that coarsens upward from very fine grained to lower fine grained. Sandstones are light
gray, but weather light to dark brown and constitute a 10–13 m thick ridge-forming unit with sharp top and gradational
base. Contains Lopha bellaplicata novamexicanum Kauffman. Carthage Member (Kthc) (middle Middle Turonian)-Marine, marginal marine, and non-marine sandstone and shale slope-forming unit 58–64 m thick; lower two-thirds
contains thin, fine grained sandstone beds of paludal-lacustrine or crevasse splay origin and discontinuous, cross-bedded
channel sandstones. Upper third contains marine shale with fossiliferous concretions and Prionocyclus hyatti (Stanton).
Atarque Sandstone Member (Ktha) (lower Middle Turonian)––Regressive coastal barrier sandstones that weather light
gray to dark brown or buff. Lower sandstones are transitional with underlying shale and constitute a 5–7 m thick, ridgeforming unit that has very fossiliferous lenses and concretionary sandstone bodies with Pleuriocardia (Dochmocardia)
) pauperculum (Meek) and Gyrodes spp. Uppermost bed is commonly a brackish water coquina of Crassostrea soleniscu
s (Meek
Kth
Pliocene to middle Pleistocene
Tsu
!
!
!
!
22
!
5
!
!
!
43
Tppc
!
!
!
SANTA FE GROUP
Sierra Ladrones Formation
(thickness unknown; lithofacies subdivisions after Cather, 1997)
Thm
Psa
!
Tbps
!
!
!
Tbps
U D
41
!
!
25
!
8
D-Cross Tongue of the Mancos Shale (Upper Middle Turonian–Lower Coniacian)––Noncalcareous, medium gray,
marine shale unit that contains two thin calarenites 3–6 m above the Tres Hermanos Fm., a medial 1.5 m thick sandstone,
and fossiliferous concretions. This 105–115 m thick, slope-forming unit has a sharp basal contact and a gradational upper
contact. Fossils from the basal calcarenites include Prioncyclus wyomingensis (Meek) and Scaphites warreni Meek and
Hayden; concretions have yielded Prioncyclus novimexicanus (Marcou); the medial sandstone has Forresteria sp., Lopha
sannionis (White), and sparse Ostrea elegantula White
Kmd
Tzt
3788000
!
!
!
!
Ü
Tlp
Tvp
Tl
QTspcs(s)
!
QTst
Older piedmont alluvium (middle to lower(?) Pleistocene)––Gravel, sand, and mud deposited at higher elevations
(more than about 30 m) above modern stream grade east of the Rio Grande. Range of depositional environments is
similar to Qpy. At least two aggradational episodes are represented by Qpo. 0–40 m thick.
!
Tbps 14
:
!
D
oo
!
!
!
!
Tlp
!
!
30
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Kcc
:Ü
!
!
!
Tvp
48
Tl
Tppc
QTspcs(v)
!
19
:
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
U
!
!
16
QTst
Qe
5
Qpo
Tlpi
Tlj
9
25
!
!
!
!
!
:
!
!
Qsg
QTspcs(s)
Oligocene
Tlp
12
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
3
Tv
1
QTspcs(v)
!
!
!
!
13
!
!
!
!
!
Tl
!
2
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
D
!
!
!
!
!
QTspc(s)
!
!
!
4
!
!
!
!
!
32
!
!
!
!
!
F
!
!
!
!
U
!
!
!
!
!
!
Tvp
³
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Tbpg
!
:
26
o
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Tl
3789000
!
!
!
3786000
3785000
Kcc
Gallup Sandstone (Lower Coniacian)––Fine grained, marine, regressive, coastal barrier sandstone unit that is 4–10 m
thick. Thickest sections are gray to yellowish gray, poorly indurated, slope-forming units; thinner sections are more
indurated- often concretionary and fossiliferous- sandstones that form ledges. Lower contact is gradational; upper is
fairly sharp. Concretionary sandstones have yielded abundant Ostrea elegantula White and Pleuriocardia
(Dochmocardia) curtum (Meek and Hayden). Cremnoceramus erectus (Meek) was collected about 1.5 km north of the
quadrangle.
Kg
Younger piedmont alluvium (upper Pleistocene)––Gravel, sand, and mud deposited at low elevations (less than about
30 m) above modern stream grade, east of the Rio Grande. Alluvium is representative of deposition in a variety of
piedmont environments, including alluvial fans, paleovalley and arroyo fills, strath terraces, fill terraces, and pediments.
At least two aggradational episodes are represented by Qpy. 0–25 m thick.
!
!
!
!
QTspc(s)
!
!
!
!
QTspcs(s)
!
e
!
D U
!
!
U
!
!
7
!
!
Ü
!
!
$
Thm
!
!
17
!
!
!
Tvp
5
Qpy
!
13
!
o
o
!
!
!
!
!
!
o
!
!
!
!
!
!
o
!
!
!
!
!
o
!
!
!
o o
!
!
o
o
o
o
o
o o
33
o
o
28
:
!
!
!
!
!
!
#
!
oo
o
o
o o
o¦oo
o
o
67
!
o o
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
o
o
o
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Ü
!
o o
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
?
!
o
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
?
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
34
!
QTst
Tsc
29
!
!
!
!
Tl
QTspcs(s)
QTspc(s)
!
!
!
!
Tsl
D
!
34°12'30"N
!
!
!
Tsu
QTst
2
U
!
!!!
!
!
!
2
6
QTspcs(s)
Tlj
:
Tsc
Eolian deposits (upper Pleistocene-Holocene)––Eolian sands and loessic silts; deposits are stabilized by vegetation in
most areas, but active dunes are present on lee sides of hills in some areas. Includes thin, discontinuous eolian veneers on
stable upland surfaces that are intimately intertongued with alluvium. 0–10 m thick.
U
!
D
Tlj
!
3
!
2
!
3787000
Qvy
!
Tlp
Qe
!
!
!
!
!
QTspcs(v)
Mud and sand (Holocene)––Deposits on the modern floodplain of the Rio Grande.
D
!
o
Ü
!
!
Crevasse Canyon Formation (Coniacian-Santonian?)––Non-marine and minor brackish-water sandstone, shale, and
coal-bearing unit that has a sharp basal contact and an erosional upper contact. Thickness is indeterminate due to erosion,
but could exceed 300 m. Numerous, isolated outcrops with no basal contacts occur along the valley floor in the northeast
portion of quadrangle. About 2 km northeast of Puertecito of Bowling Green, lenses of pebble conglomerate occur in the
uppermost Crevasse Canyon Formation. These conglomerates were derived from the southwest and consist mostly of
quartzite and chert pebbles recycled from Mesozoic strata, but also contain sparse pebbles of Paleozoic limestone. These
relationships indicate the nearby Sierra uplift was being unroofed late in Crevasse Canyon time. Crassostrea soleniscus
(Meek) occurs in brackish water coquinas in many of these exposures. (Crassostrea soleniscus (Meek) and Ostrea
elegantula White occur in separate coquinas in a 1–2 m sandstone bed that is ~30 m above the Gallup and 10 m above
the coal on the Becker SW 7.5' quadrangle. See Darton (1928, p.75) and Baker (1981, p. 48) for details.)
Kcc
Alluvium (Holocene)––Sand, gravel, and mud adjacent to modern arroyo and river channels. Alluvium is typically at or
near grade of modern channels, except in local areas where cutting of toes of piedmont slopes by the Rio Grande has
caused arroyos to incise deeply (1–3 m). 0–30 m thick.
Qf
!
!
!
!
!
!
QTspcs(v)
!
!
Tbps
Sand and gravel (Holocene)––Sand, gravel, and minor mud in modern active arroyo channels and in the channel of the
Rio Grande. 0–30 m thick
Pliocene - lower Pleistocene
34
!
@c
!
!
!
!
!
o
29
!
28
!
!
!
QTspc(v)
!
!
QTsm
!
o
!
o
11
!
!
!
Ü
Ü
oo
:
!
!
o
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
o
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
QTst
Tppc
!
!
!
80
QTspc QTspcs QTspt QTsa
!
Ü
!
!
!
Qvy
!
!
!
!
24
!
!
Tlp
!
!
15
MESOZOIC ERATHEM
Upper Cretaceous
Qvo
3790000
!
3
!
!
!
Recent
!
!
!
!
Tbps
!
QTspcs(v)
Qal
middle Pleistocene-
!
!
!
!
8
!
!
Qf
Qvy
@c
23
!
e
Tvp
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
o
o
Tsc
Tl
4
!
Qsg Qal Qe
o
Kml
!
!
!
!
Í
!
!
18
!
!
Tsl
23
!
80
Qsg
!
!
QTst
QTst
86
25
U
!
Tsl
!
!
3
!
Kmd
M
28
!
QTsa
3788000
3791000
!
!
!
3789000
o
D
!
34
21
24
36
27
35
34
29
33
!
!
!
!
23
28
36
32
!
!
30
Kmd
!
25
!
!
o
Kmd
!
31
31
Qvy
!
24
!
e
!
!
!
44
!
!
!
5
!
Tsc
Tppc
31
U
26
18
Tlp
D
p_
34
Kcc
!
!
Qvy
31
36
!
QTspc(s)
Tlp
M
!
34
Qvo
29
!
8
Qvo
!
25
33
QTspcs(v)
!
29
!
10
24
CENOZOIC ERATHEM
Middle Pleistocene-Holocene
Correlation of Units
Mesa del Yeso Quadrangle
(OFGM-92)
34°15'0"N
!
!
!
!
p_
o
Qal
3790000
11
!
!
!
!
25
!
Thm
26
16
!
Tsl
35
26
25
M
Qe
!
Í
Qf
Qa
23
3791000
p_
QTspc(v)
!
!
:
Qe
!
o o
o
o
!
Qsg
QTspcs
QTspcs
QTspcs
Tvp
Tppc
Tlj
Tlp
Tlp
Tvp
Tlj
Thm Tlp
Thm
Tlp
Tsl
Kml
@c
Tsl
Tlj
Milagro
structural zone
Tb
Q
Kd
Kth
@c
Kd
@m?
Pyu
Thm
Pg
Psa
2000
0
Tppc?
Tppc
Pyu
Pyl
Tsl
Tb
@c?
Pa
Kth
Pa
Pyl
Kml
Kd
@c
Pg
Pb
Pb
Pa
Psa
Kml
Pa
Pyl
@m
Kg
@m
Tlp
Tppc?
@c
Kcc Tb
Kml
6000
Psa
@m
Tb
@c
Psa
Parida
structural zone
Arroyo
de la Parida
&s
Pyu
&m
&s
Pb
Pyl
Pa
Pb
&m
p_
&s
p_
&m
4000
Feet
above
MSL
2000
0