1-1 Themes of Biology
Objectives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Relate the 7 properties of life
to living organisms.
Describe 7 themes that can
help you organize what you
learn about Biology.
Identify the tiny structures that
make up all living organisms.
Differentiate between
reproduction and heredity and
between metabolism and
homeostasis.
http://www.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/life/cartoon.origins.jpg
What is living?
  Object
  Mouse
  Kleenex
  Cactus
  Coral
  Dust pan
  Bacteria in petri dish
yes
no
X
X
X
X
X
X
What are the characteristics that
make them alive?
  Partner Brainstorm…
  Group list….
  Record…
1. Cellular Structure and Function
  All living things are made
of one or more cells.
  CELLS are highly
organized tiny structures
with thin coverings called
membranes.
  Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
  *your body is made of
about 100 trillion cells

http://www.coloncancerresource.com/image-files/
colon-cancer-cell-diagram.jpg
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
/
Prokaryote_cell_diagra
m_pt.svg/573pxProkaryote_cell_diagra
m_pt.svg.png
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/thumb/d/db/
Prokaryote_cell_diagram_pt.svg/573pxProkaryote_cell_diagram_pt.svg.png
http://scienceblogs.com/clock/upload/
2006/11/a2%20animal%20cell.png
What is the difference?
  1. Size –
  Prokaryotic cells are smaller
  2. Nucleus  Only found in Eukaryotic cells
  3. Membrane bound organelles –
  Only found in Eukaryotic cells
2. Reproduction
  All living things can reproduce.
  It is the process by which
organisms make more of their
kind from one generation to the
next
  Humans = 9 months, bacteria =
15 minutes
  Asexual = bacteria divide to
reproduce, do not require a
mate but offspring are identical
to parent
  Sexual = 2 organisms produce
offspring that have a variety of
traits
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/
BIOBK/1-OLIH023P.GIF (top image)
http://z.about.com/d/biology/1/0/_/2/
eggsperm.jpg
3. Metabolism
  Living organisms perform
chemical reactions in order
to obtain energy to run the
processes of life
  It is the sum of all chemical
reactions carried out by
the organism.
  hummingbird vs. sloth
–  Fast vs. slow rate
  Some organisms have the
ability to regulate through
hibernation/dormancy
http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/images/
590metabolism.gif
4. Homeostasis
  All living organisms must
maintain a stable internal
environment in order to
function properly.
  Stasis = state/condition
  Homeo/homo = same/
steady
  Homo sapiens regulate…
  Temperature, heart rate,
respiratory rate, digestive
function, muscle
contraction, balance, state
of consciousness,etc, etc.
http://tribalglobe.com/TG/wp-content/uploads/
2009/04/11971-1.jpg
5. Heredity
  All living things are able to
pass on their characteristics
(traits) to their offspring
through genes that are
passed from parent to
offspring each generation.
  Genes = sets of inherited
instructions for making
proteins/regulating traits
  Mutations = change in the
genes (DNA) which may
alter the instructions
–  Some are bad, but may
http://bg.imim.es/~nlopez/teaching/MScBioinfo2005/
be good…
GenesDisease/heredity.gifhttp://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/
VL/GG/images/mutation.gif
6. Evolution
  Populations of living
organisms respond to the
environment they exist in.
  This adaptation can result
in changes to the species
genes over time.
  Change in inherited traits
of species over time is
evolution.
  Species = group of
gentically similar
organisms that can
produce fertile offspring.
  Horse…donkey….mule….
http://extra.listverse.com/amazon/evolution/
evolution_of_whales.jpg
7. Interdependence/
Responsiveness
  Organisms in a biological
community interact with
and affect each other.
  They are dependent on
one another and their
environment = inter dependent
  They grow and survive as
a result of finding their
niche in the community in
which they exist.
http://susty.com/image/ecosystem-diagram-wedged-tailed-eaglekookaburra-bird-rabbit-mouse-grass-snake-grasshopper-food-webillustration-arrows-image.gif
Is this organism alive?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Cells
Reproduce
Metabolism
Homeostasis
Heredity
Respond/
Grow
Mouse
Tree
Virus
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
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