CITY OF CAPE TOWN
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT – SHORT-TERM IMPACTS ON CAPE TOWN
2010 FIFA WORLD CUPTM SUMMARY REPORT
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INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW OF SUMMARY REPORT
Cape Higher Education Consortium
Professor Kamilla Swart
E-mail: swartk@cput.ac.za
Web: www.chec.ac.za
CITY OF CAPE TOWN 2010 FIFA WORLD CUP™ SUMMARY REPORT – SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SHORT-TERM IMPACTS ON CAPE TOWN
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CONCLUSION
FINDINGS
The City of Cape Town
Carol Wright
E-mail: carol.wright@capetown.gov.za
Web: www.capetown.gov.za
Cape Higher Education Consortium (in conjunction with a number of
other organisations and individuals, as listed on pages 2 and 3), to
provide sound qualitative and quantitative evidence of the short-term
impacts of the event on the city and its people.
The report includes the methodology used, the research challenges,
and the key findings in terms of economic and social impacts, as well as
recommendations for possible future events of a similar nature.
The full research report is available on the City’s website at
www.capetown.gov.za, or by means of an e-mail request sent to
2010surveys@capetown.gov.za
METHODOLOGY
T
he 2010 FIFA World Cup™ held in South Africa – a first on African
soil – was rated as a triumph by official bodies and fans alike. As
an official host city, Cape Town faced stringent challenges to
prepare for and manage this massive global soccer extravaganza.
While it has undoubtedly left a lasting legacy in terms of enhanced
infrastructure and positive tourist perceptions in the Mother City,
accurately assessing the short-term socio-economic impacts required the
compilation and analysis of diverse sets of data.
This document provides an overview summary of the results of
comprehensive research undertaken by the City of Cape Town and the
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
he research in this report would not have been possible without
the assistance and professional inputs from an exciting and wide
range of individuals and organisations from multiple disciplines.
The City of Cape Town (‘the City’) and the Cape Higher Education
Consortium (CHEC) would like to thank all who have contributed to the
research and report – a full list of all those who were directly involved is
attached as annexure 4 to the research report. However, in particular the
following are acknowledged:
T
2
Sport and Recreation South Africa
• Charl Durand, Head: Information and Research Department,
Directorate: Communication and Information Services, Sport and
Recreation South Africa (SRSA), for the sport event impact model
(SEIM); research instrument alignment and development; liaison with,
and support of, SEIM developers; research advice and guidance, and
model outputs
The City of Cape Town
• Carol Wright, Manager: Strategic Information from the Department of
Strategic Development Information and Geographic Information
Systems (GIS) for, in the capacity of project leader, chairing the City
workgroup, research coordination, research analysis, report reviewing
and editing, and contributing to the research budget
• Pam Naidoo from 2010 Operations for, in the capacity of City
workgroup member, liaising with the 2010 economic and social
workstream, research advice, contributing to the research budget,
assistance with data sourcing, and logistical support
• Jeremy Marillier, then from the Department of Economic and Human
CITY OF CAPE TOWN 2010 FIFA WORLD CUP™ SUMMARY REPORT – SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SHORT-TERM IMPACTS ON CAPE TOWN
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The Cape Higher Education Consortium
• Professor Kamilla Swart, Head: Centre for Tourism Research in Africa at
the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) for, in the capacity
of project leader, research coordination, research and analysis, and
report writing and compilation
• Professor Marion Keim, Director: Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence
for Sport Science and Development at the University of the Western
Cape (UWC) for, in the capacity of chairperson of the CHEC Research
Reference Group, research advice and report reviewing
• Dr Clemens Ley, from the UWC Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence
for Sport Science and Development, for research advice and report
reviewing
• Lois Dippenaar from the UWC Rector’s Office for, in the capacity of
CHEC coordinator of the 2010 Project, research advice and reference
group meeting venues and project support
• Dr Susan Basset from the UWC Department of Sport, Recreation and
Exercise Science, for research advice, coordination and leadership of
public viewing area (PVA) research teams, and report reviewing
• Dr Elizabeth Bressan from the Stellenbosch University (SU) Centre for
Human Performance Sciences, for research advice
• Dr Dean Allen from the SU Centre for Human Performance Sciences, for
research advice, coordination of support for sports research, and
analysis, results and report reviewing
• Johan Fourie from the SU Department of Economics, for the economics
research plan, research advice, and the economics research report
• Hassan Essop from the SU Department of Economics, for the
economics research plan, research advice, economics data collection,
reviewing, and the economics research report
• Dr David Maralack from the University of Cape Town’s (UCT) sport
management postgraduate programme, for the sports workstream
plan
•
•
• Marcel Berteler from the Information Services and Technology
Department’s SmartCape project, for online questionnaire design and
posting, including to the SmartCape website and the summary and
extraction of information
• Colleagues from a range of City departments for 2010 finance and
event-related data, research advice and support
INTRODUCTION
Cape Town Tourism
• Marisah Smith for liaising regarding the tourism research stream and
data, for research advice, and contributing to the CHEC research
budget
Provincial Government of the Western Cape (Province)
• Office of the Premier for information and liaison regarding base camps
• Treasury for provincial 2010 data for Cape Town
• Economic Development and Tourism for liaison regarding economic
impact assessments
• Cape Town Routes Unlimited for liaison regarding tourism information
and base camps
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Design and production by The Creative Store
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN 2010 FIFA WORLD CUP™ SUMMARY REPORT – SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SHORT-TERM IMPACTS ON CAPE TOWN
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Research hub
• Brian Shackel from the City’s Information Services and Technology
Department, for use of the City’s information technology (IT) training
rooms for the research hub and logistical support
• Salih Hendricks from the City’s Information Services and Technology
Department for assistance with the use of the City’s IT training rooms
METHODOLOGY
•
2010 teams
• Danie Malan for financial and related data
• 2010 Operations for access to the Fédération Internationale de Football
Association (FIFA) Fan Fest™, advice and guidance, and 2010 information
• David Dunn for legal advice and services
• Amina Taylor from the Department of Communication and Marketing
for designing accreditation
• Aletta Kruger from the Department of Communication and Marketing
for the map of the 2010 footprint
• Bruce Sutherland from the Department of Communication and
Marketing for photographs
FINDINGS
•
for the research hub, and technical advice and support
• Hannetjie Coetzee and Olivia Jansen from Transnet for access and
cards for the research hub
CONCLUSION
•
Development for, in the capacity of City workgroup member and
economics research stream coordinator, research advice, economics
data sourcing, reviewing, and contributing to the research budget
Dilshaad Gallie from the Department of Economic and Human
Development for, in the capacity of City workgroup member, research
advice and reviewing
Trevor Wright from the Department of Sport, Recreation and Amenities
for, in the capacity of City workgroup member, liaising with SRSA,
research planning support and advice, sport research planning, report
reviewing, and contributing to the research budget
Alric Farmer from the Department of Sport, Recreation and Amenities
for research support and advice, fieldwork coordination, research hub
and logistical support, sport research questionnaire, fieldwork report
reviewing, and photographs
Pauline van der Spuy from the Department of Tourism for, in the
capacity of City workgroup member, tourism research stream liaison,
research advice, and contributing to the research budget
Theuns Vivian from the Department of Tourism for, in the capacity of
City workgroup member, research advice and guidance
List of figures
Figure 1: 2010 FIFA World Cup™ host city Cape Town event footprint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Figure 2: SEIM concept (Urban-Econ, 2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Figure 3: Functioning of the SEIM (Urban-Econ, 2009) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Figure 4: Main capital expenditure categories for 2010 (2006–2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Figure 5: Main operational expenditure categories for 2010 (2006–2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Figure 6: Direct expenditure for the 2010 event (in R’m; 2006–2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Figure 7: Macro-economic impact, due to capex, on business stimulation and the GGP
(in R’m; 2006–2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Figure 8: Macroeconomic impact, due to opex, on business stimulation and the GGP
(in R’m; 2006–2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Figure 9: Job creation relating to the World Cup (2006–2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Figure 10: SEPI of the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ in Cape Town . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
List of tables
Table 1: Summary of data sources and instruments (adapted from Urban-Econ, 2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 2: Total number of surveys per targeted sample type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 3: Summary of perceptions expressed by targeted groups – South Africa's readiness to host the
2010 FIFA World Cup™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 4: Summary of perceptions expressed by targeted groups – use of public funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 5: Summary of perceptions expressed by targeted groups – infrastructural development impacts . . . .
Table 6: Summary of perceptions expressed by targeted groups – economic impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 7: Summary of perceptions by targeted groups – social impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 8: Summary of perceptions by targeted groups – regional showcase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 9: Summary of perceptions by targeted groups – environmental impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 10: Summary of perceptions by targeted groups – sport impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 11: Social impact output – social index of 2010 in Cape Town . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 12: Sport (social) impact output – sport index of 2010 in Cape Town . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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List of abbreviations
Capex
capital expenditure
CCT
City of Cape Town
CGE
computable general equilibrium
CHEC
Cape Higher Education Consortium
City
City of Cape Town
CPUT
Cape Peninsula University of Technology
CTT
Cape Town Tourism
FIFA
Fédération Internationale de Football Association
GDP
gross domestic product
GGP
gross geographic product
GIS
geographic information system
ICESSD
Interdisciplinary Centre for Excellence for Sport Science and
Development
IT
information technology
MCDM
multicriteria decision making
OC
Organising Committee
Opex
operational expenditure
Province Provincial Government of the Western Cape
PVA
public viewing area
SAM
social accounting matrix
SEIM
sport event impact model
SEPI
sport event performance index
SRSA
Sport and Recreation South Africa
SU
Stellenbosch University
UCT
University of Cape Town
UWC
University of the Western Cape
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CITY OF CAPE TOWN 2010 FIFA WORLD CUP™ SUMMARY REPORT – SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SHORT-TERM IMPACTS ON CAPE TOWN
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All references to the ‘World Cup’ and ‘2010’ in this report refer to the
2010 FIFA World Cup™. The monetary symbol ‘R’ refers to South African
rands (ZAR).
INTRODUCTION
CONTENTS
OVERVIEW OF SUMMARY REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
2
4
4
4
1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.4
13
13
13
15
17
24
FINDINGS
3. SUMMARY OF KEY RESEARCH FINDINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1
Economic findings: Visitors and business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1.1 Economic findings: Visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1.2 Economic findings: Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2
Social and sport findings: Visitors, residents, business, and sports bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3
Perceptions regarding a future Olympic Games bid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
METHODOLOGY
2. METHODOLOGY AND BROAD APPROACH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1
Sport event impact model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2
Research elements and sampling approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3
Research challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.4
Knowledge management and transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Summary of SEIM input, output and performance index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
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CONCLUSION
4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
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Figure 1: 2010 FIFA World Cup™ host city Cape Town event footprint
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
CITY OF CAPE TOWN 2010 FIFA WORLD CUP™ SUMMARY REPORT – SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SHORT-TERM IMPACTS ON CAPE TOWN
FINDINGS
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1 Dlamini, T. 2008. 2010 FIFA WC. Legacy Lives conference report.
2 CCT & Province. 2007. Cape Town and the Western Cape Business Plan.
Cape Town’s strategic objectives for hosting the 2010 FIFA World
Cup™ included the following: 2
• Compliance with FIFA requirements for hosting the games
• Optimisation of the developmental impact, and leaving a legacy
• Maximisation of the promotional and positioning opportunities –
leverage
In all, Cape Town hosted eight FIFA World Cup™ matches, including a
semi-final, at Cape Town Stadium. The 2010 FIFA World Cup™ footprint
also included the official FIFA Fan Fest™ (fan park) located at the Grand
Parade in central Cape Town, the fan walk (extending from the Fan Fest
via Somerset Road to Cape Town Stadium), four public viewing areas
(PVAs, also commonly known as ‘fan jols’) in Athlone, Bellville, Khayelitsha and Mitchells Plain, and two training venues (Athlone and Philippi
stadia). The event’s footprint is illustrated in figure 1 (opposite).
The focus of this study is on Cape Town. The City of Cape Town will
CONCLUSION
T
he Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World
Cup™ is currently considered to be the largest sporting and media
event in the world. Hosting the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ from June
to July 2010 was perhaps the biggest and most challenging event of this
nature that South Africa has attempted to undertake to date.
Thirty-two teams played 64 matches in nine South African host cities
around the country, including Cape Town. The national vision for hosting
the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ sought to “strengthen the African and South
African image, [and to] promote new partnerships with the world as we
stage a unique and memorable event. Our vision will inspire us and
drive our collective determination to be significant global players in all
fields of human endeavour.” 1
“
The City of Cape Town will
have to account for its
expenditure and
performance, for which an
understanding
of the impact of the event
on the city and its people
is critical.
8
approach to the evaluation was important, and that use of the model
allowed for the incorporation of diverse perspectives from residents,
business, visitors, sport federations and event organisers.
While SRSA developed the socio-economic impact assessment
methodology and model, the Cape Higher Education Consortium (CHEC),
comprising the four universities in Cape Town and Stellenbosch,3 and led
by a project manager from CPUT, was contracted in April 2010 to
implement the study in collaboration with the City and other researchers
nationally and internationally.
It is also important to emphasise that the research presented in this
report focuses on the short-term impacts of the event, while a
longitudinal approach to assessing the long-term impacts of the 2010
FIFA World Cup™ is recommended.
It is further noted that a research report is available from the City, and
can be accessed from the City’s website, www.capetown.gov.za, or by
means of an e-mail request sent to 2010surveys@capetown.gov.za.
3
The four universities concerned are the Cape Peninsula University of
Technology (CPUT), Stellenbosch University (SU), the University of Cape Town
(UCT) and the University of the Western Cape (UWC).
CITY OF CAPE TOWN 2010 FIFA WORLD CUP™ SUMMARY REPORT – SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SHORT-TERM IMPACTS ON CAPE TOWN
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”
have to account for its expenditure and performance, for which an
understanding of the impact of the FIFA World Cup™ event on the city
and its people is critical. Sound qualitative and quantitative empirical
evidence must underpin any such explanation.
Sport and Recreation South Africa (SRSA) developed an integrated
model to assess the socio-economic impact of mega sporting events on
South Africa, namely the sport event impact model (SEIM), in 2008. The
City’s departments of Economic and Human Development; Sport,
Recreation and Amenities; Strategic Development Information and
Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and 2010 Operations and
Tourism agreed to use the SRSA model (by way of a memorandum of
understanding concluded with SRSA). The model was expected to yield
multidimensional results that did not necessarily lie in the domain of one
particular line department.
Although many different models (each with its own advantages and/or
limitations) exist for assessing the impacts of events, one of the primary
reasons why the City chose to use the SRSA SEIM was that it was a model
developed for sporting events, included consideration of social and sport
impacts, and could provide a benchmark for future event evaluations.
The City also acknowledged that a multidimensional stakeholder
INTRODUCTION
4 As environmental questions in the SEIM are limited, they are included as part
of the social impacts. The questions were supplemented by adding Green
Goal and responsible tourism questions to the respective surveys.
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balance between a sound and rigorous approach, academic credibility
and practical application.
The approach used was to be as comprehensive as possible, using the
SEIM as the framework, within the available resources. As the SEIM considers a range of social, economic, sport and some environmental
impacts,4 the aim was to produce as full an understanding of the shortterm outcomes and impacts of the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ as possible.
CONCLUSION
T
he current research approach adopted was unique in that it
allowed for collaboration between CHEC partners and the City,
and ensured alignment with CHEC academic research interests as
well as internally with the City for future planning.
The emphasis was on research rigour and validity, while the approach
simultaneously served to strengthen and build research capacity through
the use of university staff and students and some City staff in the various
roles of coordinators, researchers, specialists and fieldworkers.
The research project was guided by a CHEC reference group and a
workgroup consisting of CHEC and City representatives. The approach
further ensured cost-effective research, and achieved important links and
FINDINGS
METHODOLOGY
2. METHODOLOGY AND BROAD APPROACH
2.1 Sport event impact model
The SEIM was developed for SRSA with the primary aim of providing a
standard model for measuring and determining the social, economic and
sport-related impacts of local and international sport events, by making use
of specific event-related parameters and benchmarks. The output of the SEIM
is a sport event performance index (SEPI) for the specific event assessed.
The underlying approach of the model is to define and interpret a
sport event as a tourism activity. Economic impact refers to the effects on
the level of economic activity in a given area due to an external
INPUTS
Sport-related
primary research:
Increased interest & participation
Raised public awareness
Ranking of the event
Ability to host event
Wi
Number of individuals affected by programmes
Number of individuals benefiting from skills training
Number of volunteers
Number of crime-related incidents
Extent (rate) of pollution
Wii
Increased investments (number/rate)
Increased volume of tourists (number)
Ranking of event (rate)
Increased number of spectators
Increased number of participants
Increased number of opportunities
Ability to host event (rate)
Wiii
Sport event performance index (SEPI)
Social
primary research:
Crime
Traffic congestion
Pride
Legacy building
OUTPUTS
Total expenditure
Total revenue
Jobs created
Contribution to gross domestic product (GDP)
Industry output
Additional value of demand
Sport Event Impact Model (SEIM)
Economic
Capital expenditure
Operational expenditure
Leverage
Injections
MEASUREMENT
Figure 2: SEIM concept (Urban-Econ, 2010)
STEP 1
Do research using instruments
STEP 2
Insert data into input sheets
STEP 3
Obtain results
SURVEY DATA
EVENT KEY DATA
INPUT SHEET
30/24¬%6%.4¬
)-0!#4¬2%0/24
s Visitor surveys
s¬2ESIDENT¬SURVEYS
s¬&EDERATION¬¬ORGANISER
s¬+EY¬ECONOMIC¬IMPACT¬INPUTS
s¬+EY¬SOCIAL¬IMPACT¬INPUTS
s¬+EY¬SPORT¬IMPACT¬INPUTS
OTHER DATA
s¬&INANCIAL¬DATA
s¬%VENT¬FACTS¬¬FIGURES
10
s¬%CONOMIC¬IMPACT¬INDEX
s¬3OCIAL¬IMPACT¬INDEX
s¬3PORT¬IMPACT¬INDEX
the option being analysed, despite complex and competing objectives.
The aim of the MCDM is to attach values to those social and sport
indicators that are generally difficult to quantify.
The indexing model combines the economic impact index, the social
impact index, and the sport-related impact index to calculate the SEPI.
Weights were assigned to all indicators in the database attached to the
model. The value of the SEPI is expressed as a percentage, and ranges
from 0 to 100, where 0 indicates that the impact is extremely
unfavourable and 100 extremely favourable. The concept of the model is
illustrated in figure 2 (left), and the steps taken in using the SEIM are
illustrated in figure 3 (left).
In the SEIM, step 1 entails conducting primary research using research
instruments (visitor, resident and sport federation/event organiser
surveys) provided in the SEIM. In step 2, the primary research data, in the
CITY OF CAPE TOWN 2010 FIFA WORLD CUP™ SUMMARY REPORT – SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SHORT-TERM IMPACTS ON CAPE TOWN
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Figure 3: Functioning of the SEIM (Urban-Econ, 2009)
SEIM
intervention in the economy, such as the hosting of a sport event.
The social accounting matrix (SAM) was used as the model tool for
determining the economic impacts of the event. SAM, which is a
comprehensive, economy-wide database utilised for input-output analysis,
was considered to be an appropriate tool for use in the current study,
given that visitor spending and event-hosting expenditure had to be taken
into account. The debate as to whether input-output analysis (as in the
case of SAM) or computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis should be
used to assess the economic impact of the event continues worldwide.
As economic measurement is insufficient for assessing the impacts of an
event, with social and sport impacts also requiring consideration, social
and sport-related indicators were factored into the SEIM framework.
Resident perception studies and sport federation/event organiser surveys
are important sources of data for assessing the social and sport impacts of
an event. It should be noted that environmental impacts are considered as
part of the social impacts within the framework of the SEIM.
Multicriteria decision making (MCDM) is used in the model to
determine social and sport impacts. MCDM frameworks encompass a
mathematical model that aims at providing a single score or index for
2.2 Research elements and sampling approach
A range of questionnaires and interviews as well as fact-gathering
™
INTRODUCTION
IMPACTS
DATA SOURCE
INSTRUMENT
Economic impacts
Event organisers
Economic impact fact sheet
Economic and social
impacts
Event attendees (spectators and
participants)
Visitor questionnaire
Social and sport
development impacts
Residents
Resident questionnaire
Persons representing the federation and Federation and event organiser
involved in organising the event
questionnaire
Social (including sport) fact sheet
METHODOLOGY
Event organisers
Table 2: Total number of surveys per targeted sample type
NUMBER OF SURVEYS
PRE-EVENT
DURING
POST-EVENT
TOTAL
Residents
1 748
–
1 315
3 063
Business
128
–
135
263
Visitors
–
3 376
–
3 376
Sport federation/event organiser
–
–
17
17
OVERALL TOTAL
research and analysis was undertaken before, during and after the
event. Inputs were requested from a variety of participant groups: residents, visitors, business, sporting bodies, event organisers, the City,
Province, the Organising Committee (OC) and FIFA.
A summary of the total number of surveys per stakeholder group is presented in table 2 (above). In total, 6 719 questionnaires were completed
during the study (excluding additional small studies that CHEC and the
City directly supported, and with which they assisted during the event).
6 719
FINDINGS
TARGETED SAMPLE TYPE
“
The City also participated
in a study assessing the
economic impacts of the
2010 FIFA World Cup™ at a
national level, using the
same methodology as the
study conducted for the
2.3 Research challenges
The main research challenges of the study included the following:
CITY OF CAPE TOWN 2010 FIFA WORLD CUP SUMMARY REPORT – SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SHORT-TERM IMPACTS ON CAPE TOWN
2006 FIFA World Cup™.
”
11
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▲
5 Although the focus of the study was on the specific areas of the event
footprint, the event was also recognised as being likely to affect most
residents of, and businesses in, Cape Town. Hence, working within the limited
research budget parameters, additional studies were conducted among the
residents of, and businesses in, Cape Town (referred to as ‘Greater Cape
Town’ to distinguish the area from that referred to in the event footprint) to
assess the possible impacts that Cape Town’s contribution had to the hosting
of the event had on them.
Table 1: Summary of data sources and instruments (adapted from Urban-Econ, 2010)
CONCLUSION
form of financial, visitor, and federation and organiser survey data, are
inserted into the data input fact sheets (economic impact fact sheet and
the social [including sport] fact sheet) that support the SEIM. The SEIM
uses the data provided in its calculations to generate a sport event
impact report in step 3. A summary of the generic data sources and
instruments is given in table 1 (right).
The study focus is, as was mentioned above, on Cape Town, with
specific reference to the City’s municipal jurisdictional area, and covering
the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ event’s footprint relating to the following
venues and precincts:
• Cape Town Stadium precinct (including the fan walk) leading up to,
and on, the eight match days (up to and including the semi-final)
• FIFA Fan Fest™ (Grand Parade) on all match days (up to and including
the final)
• Four PVAs: Athlone, Bellville, Mitchells Plain, and Khayelitsha (preevent and post-event)
• The inner city and Greater Cape Town (pre-event and post-event)5
It is further noted that the City also participated in a collaborative
study assessing the economic impacts of the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ at a
national level, as well as at host city level, using the same methodology
as per the study conducted for the 2006 FIFA World Cup™. The results of
this study will be forthcoming in mid-year 2011.
Research scope and timing of 2010 FIFA World Cup™ event planning
• The lead times were too short, which limited and placed pressure on
the overall planning and implementation of the event.
• The scope of the study was limited to Cape Town, whereas it would
have been even more valuable to have extended the study to the
Eden region of the Western Cape province, as that is the region that
hosted the team base camps.
• The scope of the study was further limited to the event footprint in
Cape Town, with some extension to Greater Cape Town, largely due to
the confines of available resources.
• The study was limited to assessing the short-term impacts of the
event, given the time frame.
12
2.4 Knowledge management and transfer
It is acknowledged that knowledge management and transfer is critically
important in the future bidding for, and planning of, mega-events,
especially in the developmental context. The City secured a research hub
for the duration of the World Cup, which served as a base for the
research, fieldwork and data management conducted during that period.
A seminar series that was research-orientated, and focused on the
development of relevant knowledge, experience and skills was hosted
during June to allow for the sharing of research, the provision of bestpractice lessons, and the development of appropriate research methods
and technologies with local and international researchers.
It is further noted that the CHEC and the City’s 2010 research team
contributed to the international sport and development conference –
“Beyond 2010”, which was hosted by the Interdisciplinary Centre for
Excellence for Sport Science and Development (ICESSD) of the University
of the Western Cape (UWC) in September 2010.
A 2010 research workshop proposed by SRSA and a Sports and Events
Tourism Exchange, both planned for 2011, are two further platforms that
will be considered as providing potential opportunities for disseminating
the findings of the current research project.
Sharing the lessons learned with Brazil prior to its hosting of the event
in 2014 will also be of importance. A dissemination plan with respect to
the release of the findings and the use of the data for academic research
is also currently being developed.
6 Please refer to the research report for a detailed discussion of the
methodology employed.
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Cape Town 2010 research methodology 6
• While an attempt has been made to be as comprehensive as possible
in terms of data collection, not all the relevant stakeholders submitted
the required information, especially the data pertaining to injection
and income.
• Despite several attempts being made over an extended period of time,
using various methods and sources to obtain relevant information from
FIFA/OC and MATCH, regretfully, no information was forthcoming.
• The multi-year preparation for the event and multi-stakeholder
implementation affected the availability of information over a fiveyear period.
• A key aspect missing from the current study is a thorough media
analysis of the impacts of the event, especially in respect of the key
tourism and investment markets.
• A limitation of the SEIM, as with many other economic impact models,
is the inability to account for the counterfactual, namely what the
impact would have been had expenditures been diverted to other
categories or activities.
Undertaking research at mega-events of this nature has several
challenges and limitations, which have already been outlined. The
approach for this research drew on best practice and research that had
previously been undertaken by the City and its partners, meaning that
the research results are still valid and reliable, and provide important
socio-economic impact results and insights regarding various targeted
groups’ perceptions of the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ held in Cape Town.
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
3. SUMMARY OF KEY RESEARCH FINDINGS
3.1 Economic findings: Visitors and business
3.1.1 Economic findings: Visitors
Most visitor respondents were male (78%), 7 relatively young (with an
average age of 33) and highly educated (with 66% having degrees). The
visitors were mainly foreign, being from Europe (50%), North, South and
Central America (14% each), and the rest of Africa (11%).
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7 Visitor groups were approached in terms of spatially based systematic
sampling, with it often being the man or men in the group who responded to
the questions asked.
FINDINGS
A
England (17%), the United States of America (12%) and Germany
(8%) had the highest number of visitor respondents per country. Most
(47%) of the domestic visitors were from the Western Cape. Most (67%)
visitors were first-time attendees at a FIFA World Cup™ event, with 79%
also being first-time visitors to South Africa, and 79% being first-time
visitors to Cape Town.
Moreover, the World Cup was the primary reason for visiting Cape
Town for the majority (88%) of the visitors. Most of the visitors were
overnight visitors to Cape Town, with 81% staying more than five nights
in the city, with an average length of stay of 13 nights.
The total spend amount (excluding their domestic and international
travel) for all visitors interviewed was just over R92 million, with the total
average spend per person in Cape Town being R30 264. Most of the
spend was on accommodation, tickets, food and beverages, and shopping.
CONCLUSION
n overview of the key findings from the respective surveys
undertaken during the World Cup is given below. The first set
relates to economic findings with regard to visitors and business.
“
The Internet was by
far the most popular
medium for accessing
information on Cape
Town (34%) prior to
visiting the destination.
14
noted that environmental considerations were important in their choice
of accommodation.
Fourteen percent of the visitors indicated that they separated their wet
and dry waste without exception, almost always and sometimes (31%
each), with only 12% indicating that they never separated their waste.
Most visitors arrived by air, with the main ports of entry being Cape
information on Cape Town (34%) prior to visiting the destination. Most
visitors generally had good impressions of, and experiences in, Cape
Town as a tourism destination.
Friendliness (92%), helpfulness (87%) and entertainment (82%) were
rated as good, with value for money (67%), personal safety (67%) and
transport (63%) being rated slightly lower, albeit that they were still
rated as good by the majority of visitors.
The visitors interviewed said that they would definitely recommend
visiting the city to family and friends (89%). Some (28%) visitors also
indicated that they would be likely to return to Cape Town in the next 12
months.
Cape Town rated fairly well as a responsible tourism destination, with
about half of the visitors indicating that they had received responsibletourism tips. In terms of Green Goal initiatives, some (42%) visitors
Town (50%) and Johannesburg (48%). Most (35%) visitors also walked
to the stadium.
The visitor results obtained in the current study were generally fairly
similar to those that were obtained in the exit survey study conducted by
South African Tourism during the same period in 2010.
However, some variations are noted, especially in relation to the main
source markets, with Cape Town attracting more European visitors, which
certainly contributed to a greater spend in Cape Town than before.8 The
match schedule also evidently influenced the distribution of visitors to
host city destinations.
8 Differences detected in spend might have resulted from the different
methodologies used. The Cape Town study included spend on tickets, which
also served as a requirement for the national collaborative study.
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”
Most visitors indicated that they had become more aware of other
destinations in South Africa (70%) and Africa (50%) as a result of the
World Cup. Nightlife (13%), food and wine (13%), shopping and nature
attractions (12% each) were the main activities in which visitors
participated during their stay in Cape Town.
The Internet was by far the most popular medium for accessing
INTRODUCTION
“
Not surprisingly,
perceptions of a higher
incidence of crime as
a result of the event
were also significantly
less post-event
METHODOLOGY
preparatory World Cup City-supported events. Most (72% pre-event and
83% post-event) businesses did not adapt their delivery of goods and/or
services to cater for tourists. The majority (75% pre-event and 76% postevent) of businesses also did not employ more staff for the period.
Very few (15% pre-event and 10% post-event) businesses were
approached by international corporations to form partnerships, with
them also having made little direct investment in Cape Town as a result
of the event. Although some (33%) businesses anticipated investing in
improved security systems due to the hosting of the 2010 FIFA World
Cup™, few (8%) actually did, possibly due to the highly visible policing
that was provided during the event.
Not surprisingly, perceptions of a higher incidence of crime as a result
of the event were also significantly less post-event (decreasing from 67%
pre-event to 10% post-event). Similarly, forecasting of problems such as
vandalism or hooliganism was much less after the World Cup had taken
place (decreasing from 52% pre-event to 14% post-event).
The global economic recession was also deemed to have had less of
an impact on business post-event (with the percentage decreasing from
73% to 44%). The majority (85% pre-event and 88% post-event) of
businesses also felt that the World Cup had exerted a positive impact on
(decreasing from
67% pre-event to 10%
post-event).
”
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CONCLUSION
FINDINGS
3.1.2 Economic findings: Business
Although relatively few businesses participated in the pre-2010 (128)
and post-2010 (135) surveys, the results of the study provide some
insight into business responses to the survey. Those businesses that
participated in the study were relatively well established, and had, on
average, been in operation for 10 years in Cape Town.
Mainly large (30%) and medium-sized enterprises (27%) participated
in the pre-survey, and medium (45%) and small-sized businesses (29%)
in the post-survey. Tourism businesses made up 19% and 39% of the
business respondents in the pre-survey and post-survey respectively.
Business responses indicated that the majority (72% pre-event and
70% post-event) of their employees attended the 2010 FIFA World Cup™,
with some (28% pre-event and 23% post-event) having attended in their
official capacity. Some (26% pre-event and 45% post-event) businesses
did not use advertising media that was specifically directed at the 2010
event, which was, in all likelihood, due to the strict FIFA advertising
regulations imposed for the World Cup.
Most (80% pre-event and 85% post-event) businesses did not conduct
additional training in response to the event, with a relatively small
percentage (30% pre-event and 14% post-event) of staff having attended
“
The majority (81%
pre-event and 85% postevent) of businesses
indicated that the event
had assisted with
improving and
developing the
infrastructure in those
areas where their
businesses were located.
16
(41%) in the post-survey indicated that they promoted responsibletourism practices.
The main types of practices promoted included procuring local services
(100% pre-event and 92% post-event), using water sparingly (100% preevent and 94% post-event), using electricity efficiently (100% pre-event
and 94% post-event), disposing of rubbish carefully (91% pre-event and
96% post-event), and providing visitors with responsible-tourism tips
(80% pre-event and 84% post-event).
While some businesses (48% pre-event and 37% post-event) were
aware of the City’s responsible-tourism campaign, very few businesses
indicated that the World Cup actually contributed to initiating more
responsible tourism practices (33% pre-event and 14% post-event). Most
businesses learned about responsible tourism via the media (print [32%]
and electronic [14%]) and Cape Town Tourism (28%).
9 Such an indication of interest could possibly be as a result of more small and
medium-sized businesses participating in the post-survey in comparison with
the number that participated in the pre-survey.
10 This finding points to enhanced engagement between business, the City and
the sports federation with regard to future events.
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”
them, with some (52% post-event) also indicating increases in turnover
due to the event.
The majority (81% pre-event and 85% post-event) of businesses also
indicated that the event had assisted with improving and developing the
infrastructure in those areas where their businesses were located.
However, businesses indicated less interest in using Cape Town Stadium
after the World Cup (27% pre-event and 13% post-event). 9
In terms of business awareness of the regulations regarding the 2010
FIFA World Cup™, the majority (82% pre-event and 81% post-event) of
businesses indicated that they would not market their products close to
the stadium, once again illustrating the fact that the strict regulations
imposed by FIFA were taken into account by the businesses concerned.
Most (74% post-event) businesses also indicated generally high levels
of awareness of the relevant regulations, with improved levels of all
specific aspects having been noted on the conclusion of the World Cup.
Most (44% pre-event and 69% post-event) businesses noted that their
main source of awareness of regulations was the media. 10
Some (40% post-event) businesses indicated that they were aware of
the City’s Green Goal programme to promote responsible tourism. About
half (55%) of the tourism businesses in the pre-survey and slightly fewer
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
responses are presented as only A, N or D.
Where changes were substantial post-event, brief descriptions have
been included. The SEIM required certain core questions to be asked in
line with the target groups. In certain instances, additional questions
were targeted at specific groups, such as business only, in order to
obtain additional information.
The results in this respect were included as well. Where no perceptual
response is reflected in the table, the question was not put to the target
group concerned.
FINDINGS
3.2 Social and sport findings: Visitors, residents, business and
sports bodies
Summary tables of the social and sport impacts, as perceived by the
range of targeted groups, are presented in this section of the report.
Respondents had to express their agreement with a range of statements (SA = strongly agree; A = agree; N = neutral; D = disagree, and
SD = strongly disagree).
For summary reporting purposes, strongly agree/agree and
disagree/strongly disagree responses have been combined, so that the
Table 3: Summary of perceptions expressed by targeted groups – South Africa's readiness to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup™
Confident that this event will
be/was successfully hosted by
South Africa
Hosting of the event will
achieve/achieved a legacy in
South Africa
VISITORS
RESIDENTS
PRE-2010
RESIDENTS
POST-2010
BUSINESS
PRE-2010
BUSINESS
POST-2010
SPORTS BODIES
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
89 A
87 A
95 A
76 A
98 A
100 A
9N
9N
3N
18 N
2N
–
2D
4D
2D
6D
–
–
–
85 A
88 A
73 A
95 A
76 A –
11 N
10 N
21 N
4N
18 N
–
4D
2D
6D
1D
6D
DESCRIPTION
Positive perceptions by all
groups; residents and business
even more confident post-2010
Positive in terms of ‘legacy’,
especially for business post2010
CONCLUSION
STATEMENT
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Note: In all results tables, the “N=" values ( i.e. the number of responses to the question) vary by statement and respondent group. These are to be found in the research report.
Table 4: Summary of perceptions expressed by targeted groups – use of public funds
STATEMENT
Use of public funds in support
of this event is/was acceptable
Too much money is/was spent
on the 2010 event that could
have been spent on other
activities
VISITORS
RESIDENTS
PRE-2010
RESIDENTS
POST-2010
BUSINESS
PRE-2010
BUSINESS
POST-2010
SPORTS BODIES
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
–
64 A
65 A
53 A
47 A
–
–
21 N
22 N
24 N
24 N
–
–
15 D
13 D
23 D
29 D
–
–
63 A
63 A
47 A
49 A
–
–
19 N
22 N
24 N
33 N
–
–
17 D 15 D
29 D
19 D –
DESCRIPTION
Slight decrease in acceptability
of the use of public funds by
business post-2010
Table 5: Summary of perceptions expressed by targeted groups – infrastructural development impacts
STATEMENT
Infrastructural development is
taking/took place mainly near
the stadia
Facilities created for this event
can be used by local residents
in the long term
18
RESIDENTS
PRE-2010
RESIDENTS
POST-2010
BUSINESS
PRE-2010
BUSINESS
POST-2010
SPORTS BODIES
DESCRIPTION
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
–
72 A
72 A
48 A
81 A
–
–
15 N
14 N
16 N
13 N
–
–
13 D
14 D
36 D
6D
–
–
77 A
80 A
62 A
68 A
82 A
–
15 N
13 N
25 N
19 N
12 N
–
8D
7D
13 D
13 D
6D
Slight improvement in the
perceptions of business
regarding the long-term use of
the facilities post-2010
–
–
73 A
–
–
–
Post-use challenges recognised
–
–
20 N
–
–
–
–
–
7D
–
–
–
Business expressed substantial
shift in perceptions post-2010,
with infrastructural
development mainly near
the stadia being noted, in
comparison with perceptions of
development pre-2010
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Use of stadia post-2010 and
cost of maintenance will pose
challenges
VISITORS
INTRODUCTION
Table 6: Summary of perceptions expressed by targeted groups – economic impacts
RESIDENTS
PRE-2010
RESIDENTS
POST-2010
BUSINESS
PRE-2010
BUSINESS
POST-2010
SPORTS BODIES
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
Hosting of event will/did
ensure employment opportunities for local community members
–
60 A
67 A
61 A
57 A
–
–
20 N
18 N
23 N
32 N
–
–
20 D
15 D
16 D
11 D
–
Hosting of events will lead/did
lead to increased spending in
local area
–
61 A
68 A
66 A
64 A
–
–
23 N
18 N
21 N
25 N
–
–
16 D
14 D
13 D
9 D –
–
77 A
74 A
61 A
64 A
–
–
17 N
18 N
23 N
25 N
–
–
6D
8D
16 D
9 D –
–
81 A
74 A
75 A
77 A
–
–
13 N
17 N
17 N
17 N
–
–
6D
9D
8D
6D
–
–
–
–
34 A
46 A
–
–
–
–
48 N
36 N
–
–
–
–
18 D
18 D
–
–
–
–
74 A
74 A
–
–
–
–
20 N
20 N
–
–
–
–
6D
6D
–
–
–
–
73 A
57 A
–
–
–
–
20 N
37 N
–
–
–
–
7D
8 D –
Hosting of this event will/did
ensure extended shopping
hours in the area of the event Prices of goods in the area will
increase/did increase due to
the event
Black economic empowerment
will/did improve
Local businesses will/did
increase their sales and profits
during the event
Increase in residents’
perception of employment
opportunities for locals post2010
More positive response by
residents post-2010 regarding
increased spending in local
area, with a slight decrease in
this perception by business
Decrease in the perception by
residents that the price of
goods in the area would
increase post-2010
Perception of empowerment
increased post-2010
Decrease in the perception that
business in the area would
strengthen post-2010
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CONCLUSION
In the area where the stadium
is located, the businesses
will/did strengthen DESCRIPTION
METHODOLOGY
VISITORS
FINDINGS
STATEMENT
Table 7: Summary of perceptions by targeted groups – social impacts
STATEMENT
VISITORS
RESIDENTS
PRE-2010
RESIDENTS
POST-2010
BUSINESS
PRE-2010
BUSINESS
POST-2010
SPORTS BODIES
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
–
80 A
50 A
81 A
96 A
–
–
13 N
31 N
14 N
4N
–
–
7D
19 D
5D
0D
–
–
84 A
85 A
88 A
97 A
–
–
12 N
9N
6N
3N
–
–
4D
6D
6D
0D
–
90 A
90 A
89 A
88 A
95 A
–
6N
8N
8N
6N
4N
–
4D
2D
3D
6D
1D
–
It is/was very important that
Bafana Bafana win/won
matches in the 2010 FIFA World
Cup™
–
78 A
79 A
86 A
71 A
–
–
14 N
15 N
6N
16 N
–
–
8D
6D
6 D 13 D
–
Feel more part of the African
continent as a result of this
event
–
70 A
74 A
–
–
–
–
19 N
17 N
–
–
–
–
11 D
9D
–
–
–
–
53 A
49 A
–
–
–
–
27 N
31 N
–
–
–
–
20 D
29 D –
–
–
–
34 A
28 A
15 A
36 A
12 A
–
21 N
22 N
18 N
20 N
12 N
–
45 D
50 D
67 D
43 D 76 D
20 A
69 A
30 A
61 A
32 A
94 N
42 N
16 N
22 N
24 N
25 N
6D
38 D
15 D
48 D
15 D
43 D
0D
2010 will be/was a major boost
for nation building
Feel proud that this event
is/was hosted in my city
Feel proud that SA is
hosting/hosted the 2010 FIFA
World Cup™
2010 will increase/increased
social inequalities
This event will divide/divided
cultural groups
20
Nation-building perceptions for
residents much less post-2010, but
an increase in this perception by
business
Very positive perceptions, and even
more positive for business post2010
Very positive perceptions, and even
more positive for business post2010
Perception of good performance by
Bafana Bafana less for business
post-2010
Slight increase in this perception
post-2010
Agreement by marginally fewer
residents that social inequalities
increased post-2010
Residents slightly more positive
post-2010, but business (not sports
organisations) very positive
Large neutral response for visitors,
with almost equal number
disagreeing that there had been an
increase in crime; residents, and
business very positive post-2010
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Increase in crime (e.g. thefts,
muggings, etc.) will be/was
experienced due to the event
DESCRIPTION
INTRODUCTION
RESIDENTS
PRE-2010
RESIDENTS
POST-2010
BUSINESS
PRE-2010
BUSINESS
POST-2010
SPORTS BODIES
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
Extensive alcohol abuse by
persons attending the event
will lead/led to spectator
hooliganism
–
67 A
32 A
44 A
27 A
6A
–
18 N
26 N
29 N
27 N
35 N
–
15 D
42 D
27 D
46 D
59 D
An increase in vandalism (damage of properties) will be/was
experienced due to the event
–
38 A
24 A
38 A
27 A
94 D
–
23 N
25 N
39 N
21 N
6N
–
39 D
51 D
23 D
52 D
–
–
63 A
57 A
–
–
47 A
–
23 N
21 N
–
–
29 N
–
14 D
21 D –
–
24 D
29 A
71 A
59 A
84 A
65 A
24 A
35 N
17 N
23 N
10 N
14 N
18 N
36 D
12 D
18 D
6D
12 D 58 D
–
45 A
47 A
–
–
6A
–
21 N
22 N
–
–
35 N
–
34 D
31 D
–
–
59 D
–
–
–
48 A
43 A
–
–
–
–
31 N
40 N
–
–
–
–
21 D
17 D
–
Entertainment opportunities
related to the event will
be/were provided for local residents
This event will cause/caused
significant traffic congestion
within the local area
The event will lead/led to
excessive noise that will
annoy/annoyed local residents
CITY OF CAPE TOWN 2010 FIFA WORLD CUP™ SUMMARY REPORT – SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SHORT-TERM IMPACTS ON CAPE TOWN
Substantial change to the positive
for residents, and slightly less so
for business post-2010
Decrease in negative perceptions
post-2010 for both residents and
business
Slightly less agreement regarding
entertainment opportunities for
locals post-2010
Positive experience for both
residents and business post-2010
Slightly less agreement on training
opportunities for locals post-2010
21
▲
▲
Event will stimulate/stimulated
training and skills development
for members of the community
DESCRIPTION
FINDINGS
VISITORS
CONCLUSION
STATEMENT
METHODOLOGY
Table 7: Summary of perceptions by targeted groups – social impacts
Table 8: Summary of perceptions by targeted groups – Regional showcase
STATEMENT
2010 will showcase/showcased
South Africa in a positive light
Crime will showcase/showcased
South Africa in a negative light
2010 will be/was a major boost
for tourism in the province/
Cape Town
The event will attract future
business to Cape Town
VISITORS
RESIDENTS
PRE-2010
RESIDENTS
POST-2010
BUSINESS
PRE-2010
BUSINESS
POST-2010
SPORTS BODIES
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
–
84 A
87 A
77 A
100 A
–
–
12 N
9N
16 N
0N
–
–
4D
4D
7D
0D
–
–
66 A
49 A
62 A
54 A
–
–
17 N
20 N
23 N
18 N
–
–
7 D 31 D
15 D
28 D
–
–
76 A
78 A
78 A
74 A
–
–
16 N
14 N
15 N
23 N
–
–
8D
8D
7D
3D
–
–
–
–
68 A
83 A
–
–
–
–
22 N
15 N
–
–
–
–
10 D
2D
–
DESCRIPTION
Even more positive post-2010,
especially for business
Large change to the positive post2010, especially for residents
Positive, but slight decrease in positive perception by business post2010
Business positive about long-term
benefits post-2010
Table 9: Summary of perceptions by targeted groups – Environmental impacts
STATEMENT
Environment will be/was
degraded, due to hosting of
the event
Hosting of the event will
increase/increased air pollution
22
RESIDENTS
PRE-2010
RESIDENTS
POST-2010
BUSINESS
PRE-2010
BUSINESS
POST-2010
SPORTS BODIES
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
23 A
42 A
38 A
18 A
30 A
–
30 N
23 N
25 N
25 N
24 N
–
47 D
35 D
37 D
57 D
46 D
–
27 A
52 A
36 A
27 A
42 A
–
41 N
22 N
30 N
39 N
30 N
–
32 D
26 D
34 D
34 D
28 D
–
–
43 A
47 A
–
–
–
–
24 N
28 N
–
–
–
–
33 D
25 D
–
–
–
DESCRIPTION
Perception by business of more
negative environmental impacts
post-2010
Less agreement by residents
regarding impact of air pollution,
but substantial increase in business perception post-2010
Minimal increase in perception of
waste production
CITY OF CAPE TOWN 2010 FIFA WORLD CUP™ SUMMARY REPORT – SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SHORT-TERM IMPACTS ON CAPE TOWN
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Hosting of the event will
lead/led to significant
production of waste
VISITORS
INTRODUCTION
Table 10: Summary of perceptions by targeted groups – sport impacts
RESIDENTS
PRE-2010
RESIDENTS
POST-2010
BUSINESS
PRE-2010
BUSINESS
POST-2010
SPORTS BODIES
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
–
71 A
78 A
–
–
–
–
11 N
11 N
–
–
–
–
18 D
11 D
–
–
–
–
64 A
68 A
–
–
–
–
17 N
18 N
–
–
–
–
19 D
14 D
–
–
–
–
52 A
55 A
–
–
–
–
21 N
22 N
–
–
–
–
27 D
23 D
–
–
–
Event will lead/led to increased
community development
through sport by foreign
organisations
–
74 A
66 A
–
–
58 A
–
19 N
21 N
–
–
18 N
–
7D
13 D
–
–
24 D
Event will lead/led to increased
community development
through sport by local
organisations
–
75 A
67 A
–
–
58 A
–
18 N
22 N
–
–
18 N
–
7D
11 D
–
–
24 D
More aware of soccer due to
hosting of the event
More interested in soccer due
to hosting of the event
Greater awareness of soccer by
residents post-2010
Slightly more interest in soccer
post-2010
Minimal increase in consideration
of participation post-2010
Residents less positive about
community development through
sport by foreign organisations
post-2010
Residents less positive about
community development through
sport by local organisations post2010
CITY OF CAPE TOWN 2010 FIFA WORLD CUP™ SUMMARY REPORT – SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SHORT-TERM IMPACTS ON CAPE TOWN
23
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CONCLUSION
Will consider participating in
soccer in the near future
DESCRIPTION
METHODOLOGY
VISITORS
FINDINGS
STATEMENT
Facilities & Equipment
2%
Salaries & Wages
Other
Health Services
Government/Services
Business Services
Real Estate
Insurance
Transport
Accommodation
Trade
Infrastructure
98%
0%
Figure 4: Main capital expenditure categories for 2010 (2006–2010)
3.4 Summary of SEIM input, output and performance index
“
should be viewed merely
as indicative of World
Cup expenditure, and not
as conclusive evidence of
actual expenditure.
24
30%
40%
50%
60%
The aim of the SEIM is to quantify the impact of the economic spend and
injections of the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ on Cape Town, together with the
other two impact types – visitor impact and social (including sport)
impact into one single score on the SEPI.
SEIM Economic fact sheet input and output
Ideally, in the economic impact assessment, all costs and income related
to the World Cup should be included. Public-sector spending – the costs
incurred by local, provincial and national government and parastatals –
is relatively easy to delineate and aggregate into the various categories.
This is the primary focus of the current study.
To obtain private-sector spending, however, requires an independent
business survey to ascertain exact levels of spending by sector. The
response to the business surveys was not strong, and the information on
the private sector’s own investment and turnover received a poor
response. Responses to requests for financial business data were generally
deemed to be sensitive and were, consequently, difficult to obtain.
As a result, the private-sector spending data gathered as part of the
research cannot be extrapolated to the whole population.11 Therefore,
the private-sector data should be viewed merely as indicative of World
Cup expenditure, and not as conclusive evidence of actual expenditure.
To avoid double-counting and overestimation, only expenditures
directly related to the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ were included in the study.12
The indirect effects of the World Cup were captured by the SEIM.
Because of FIFA’s involvement in the event, and the fact that the event
had a nationally based OC, some expenditure and income items might
11 Although the exact size of the economic impact caused by private-sector
investments is unclear, it can be stated with a fair degree of confidence that
the overall economic impact due to the 2010 World Cup was mainly driven by
the public sector, especially given the large investments required to build the
stadia for the event.
12 Financial data were obtained for the years 2006 to 2010 as at 30 November
2010. Some financial data used were based on unaudited information, and
might therefore be subject to adjustment.
CITY OF CAPE TOWN 2010 FIFA WORLD CUP™ SUMMARY REPORT – SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SHORT-TERM IMPACTS ON CAPE TOWN
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”
20%
Figure 5: Main operational expenditure categories for 2010 (2006–2010)
3.3 Perceptions regarding a future Olympic Games bid
In terms of the post-2010 survey question as to whether South Africa
should make a bid to host the Olympic Games, the majority (85%) of
residents were in agreement, while fewer (69%) businesses were.
The private-sector data
10%
Business stimulus
INTRODUCTION
Event operations
R510,38
R12 495,96
GGP
DIRECT
R2 173,40
R42 799,00
TOTAL
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
METHODOLOGY
0
50 000
Figure 6: Direct expenditure for the 2010 event (in R’m; 2006–2010)
Figure 7: Macro-economic impact, due to capex, on business stimulation and GGP (in R’m; 2006–2010)
have been excluded, despite their accruing to the people and economy of
Cape Town. Some examples of such exclusions would be the use of Cape
Town-based service providers for the event elsewhere in the country, as
well as expenditures incurred by FIFA relating to matches in Cape Town
not recorded in the City or Province data used in the study.
Such is certainly true of direct income and injections, which accrue
Infrastructure, to the tune of 98%, not surprisingly dominated the
capital spend, as can be seen in figure 4 (opposite page).
Trade,13 salaries and wages, and transport were the main operational
expenditure categories, as can be seen in figure 5 (opposite page).
Direct expenditure during the event was dominated by capital
expenditure of over R12 billion in comparison with R510 million
operational expenditure, as can be seen in figure 6 (above).14
The macro-economic impact of capital expenditure associated with the
World Cup on business stimulation and gross geographic product (GGP)
is presented in figure 7 (above).
As a result of capex, the event contributed a total of R14,3 billion to
GGP (Western Cape), with R2 173 billion being a direct contribution to
GGP.
The macro-economic impact of operational expenditure associated
with the World Cup on business stimulation and GGP are presented in
FINDINGS
directly to FIFA or its affiliates (e.g. MATCH). While income and injections
may be important components for smaller events, the nature of a megaevent is such that direct income and injections (i.e. through ticket sales
and broadcasting rights) are limited.
Furthermore, the impact sheet does not allow for outflows (such as
domestic ticket sales that flow to FIFA and therefore, exit the domestic
economy), which implies that the income section is likely to overestimate
the benefits of the World Cup for the City.
The SEIM economic impact index score was found to be 84%, meaning
that the economic impacts of the 2010 FIFA World Cup™, as defined by
the model, were favourable, as the event fell within the ambit of a
category A event (75%-100%). The respective indicators, which were
obtained from the capital expenditure (capex) and operational
expenditure (opex) categories outlined above, are presented next.
13 Trade includes expenditure on maintenance, volunteers, staging (trade items),
goods, hospitality, advertising, etc.
14 Expenditure excludes private sector, FIFA and MATCH expenditure, and includes
all information that could be obtained in the amount of time available.
CITY OF CAPE TOWN 2010 FIFA WORLD CUP™ SUMMARY REPORT – SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SHORT-TERM IMPACTS ON CAPE TOWN
25
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▲
R14 320,36
CONCLUSION
R12 495,96
Capital
Business stimulus
SEIM bases its definition of job creation on the principle of one person
employed for one year. Given the nature of the employment
opportunities created in the course of hosting a sport event, the results
reflect the employment opportunities created per year (Urban-Econ,
2011).
It is therefore evident that, since capex dominated the overall
expenditure of the public sector on the 2010 FIFA World Cup™, the
R510,38
GGP
DIRECT
R178,34
R1 457,12
TOTAL
R652,90
0
300
600
900
1 200
1 500
Figure 8: Macro-economic impact, due to opex, on business stimulation and GGP (in R’m; 2006–2010)
impact on production, GGP and jobs has consequently been higher, in
comparison with opex.
In conclusion, the model clearly shows that the impact of the 2010
FIFA World Cup™ has been much larger than the financial outputs, as
spent by national, provincial and local government for the period 2006
to 2010. The SEIM estimates that over 150 000 jobs were created, with
an estimated direct impact of approximately R15 billion, and an initial
investment of approximately R13 billion.
178,34
Jobs CAPEX
68 472
836 DIRECT
Jobs OPEX
1 457,12
148 044
3 372
TOTAL
652,90
0
50 000
100 000
150 000
200 000
Figure 9: Job creation relating to the World Cup (2006–2010)
figure 8 (above). As a result of opex, the event contributed a total of
R653 million to GGP, with R178 million taking the form of a direct
contribution to GGP.
The 2010 FIFA World Cup™ created a total of 151 416 jobs (148 044
26
CITY OF CAPE TOWN 2010 FIFA WORLD CUP™ SUMMARY REPORT – SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SHORT-TERM IMPACTS ON CAPE TOWN
▲
▲
due to capex and 3 372 due to opex) over the period 2006 to 2010.
Almost 70 000 of the jobs were direct, and an additional 82 108 were
leveraged in the Western Cape economy.
SEIM social fact sheet input and output
The social impact index is derived from those survey questions that
focus on social impacts, as well as from the data collated from the
Social fact sheet. The social impact index score was found to be 80%,
which also indicates a favourable impact, although in the lower end of a
category A event, in comparison with the economic impact index score
(84%). The output of the social impact index is presented in table 11
(opposite page). The index values are interpreted as follows:
• Extremely unfavourable (-1–0)
• Favourable (0–1)
• Moderately favourable (1–2)
• Very favourable (2–3)
• Extremely favourable (3)
All the responses evidently ranged from favourable to extremely
favourable. It is further noted that risk management, event greening and
event aspects focusing on special needs were rated extremely
favourable. In addition, the experiencing of the destination and the
INTRODUCTION
Table 11: Social impact output – social index of 2010 in Cape Town
INDEX VALUE AND INTERPRETATION
Favourable
Moderately favourable
Very favourable
Extremely favourable
(0–1)
(1–2)
(2–3)
(3)
Pollution
Attitude – public experience
Destination awareness
Risk management
Increase in crime
Specific violence
Entertainment opportunities
Greening
Disruption of daily lives
Disabled access
Special needs
Social inclusion
HDSA* empowerment
National pride
Destination experience
Social cohesion
Youth empowerment
Price increase
Profile of the City
Regeneration
Women empowerment
Infrastructure improvement
No negative social impacts
Profile of South Africa
Public policy issues
No negative environmental impacts
Community pride
METHODOLOGY
Quality of life
15
* HDSA = historically disadvantaged South African
CITY OF CAPE TOWN 2010 FIFA WORLD CUP™ SUMMARY REPORT – SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SHORT-TERM IMPACTS ON CAPE TOWN
27
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▲
15 The SEIM quality-of-life indicator was drawn from the survey and fact sheet
questions relating to whether any locals were employed pre-2010; whether
the hosting of the event ensured extended shopping hours; whether the
hosting of the event led to increased spending, thus ensuring economic
benefits to members of the local community and whether the hosting of the
event ensured employment opportunities for local community members.
FINDINGS
SEIM sport fact sheet input and output
The input for the Sport Index was derived from those survey questions
that focused on sport impacts, as well as from the data collated from the
sport (social) fact sheet.
The Sport Impact Index score from the SEIM for the 2010 event in Cape
Town was found to be 75%, which was lower than both the economic
impact index score and the social impact score, albeit still favourable, but
at the low end of a category A event. The output of the sport impact index
is presented in table 12 (following page).
It is evident that all responses ranged from favourable to extremely
favourable, except for the participant calibre, which refers to the
perceived quality of South African players on the world stage, which was
rated extremely unfavourable. In addition, negative media coverage, the
use of the facilities in the long term, and the ranking of South Africa as a
competitive soccer-playing nation were all rated extremely favourable.
With reference to the negative media coverage, the question only
confirms the presence of, and awareness about, negative media coverage
of the event. However, as mentioned earlier, a focused and detailed
analysis of media coverage is required in order to establish the actual
impact that it had.
CONCLUSION
profiling of the City were also rated extremely favourable, once again
emphasising the positive destination marketing impact of the 2010 FIFA
World Cup™. Finally, risk management and the manner with which public
policy issues were dealt were also rated extremely favourable.
Table 12: Sport (social) impact output – Sport index of 2010 in Cape Town
Extremely unfavourable
Favourable
Moderately favourable
Very favourable
Extremely favourable
(-1–0)
(0–1)
(1–2)
(2–3)
(3)
Participant calibre
Sport development opportunities 16
Increased exposure
International recognition
Negative media coverage
Increased interest
Confidence in hosting ability
Long-term facilities
Awareness of sport
Ranking
Increased sponsorships
2,5
Rating
100%
2,40
90%
80%
Category A
Economic, social and sport impact index
(total index range: 0–3)
70%
60%
1,5
Category B
2,0
Sport event performance index of the SEIM
The respective indices comprising the SEPI were as follows for the 2010
FIFA World Cup™ in Cape Town:
• Economic – 84%
• Social – 80%
• Sport – 75%
The overall index was 2,4 out of a possible 3, or 80%, thus indicating
that the World Cup had a very favourable impact on Cape Town, as can
be seen in figure 10 (left).17 Furthermore, the 2010 FIFA World Cup™
impact index score was found to fall within the range of a category A
event (75%–100%).
40%
0,84
0,80
0,75
30%
0,5
20%
10%
0
Total index
Economic
Social
Sport
28
16 The term ‘sport development opportunities’ refers to opportunities (including
trading) for South African soccer players competing nationally and
internationally, increased tournaments at a national level, and the creation
of new opportunities for the growth of soccer as a game.
17 The economic factor was downscaled to 2,8 from 3. As the national SAM is
slightly more positive than the Western Cape SAM, the figure would have
been overstated in the model, as the model uses national figures. For inputs
by residents in respect of the social and sport values, an average of the preevent and post-event results was used.
CITY OF CAPE TOWN 2010 FIFA WORLD CUP™ SUMMARY REPORT – SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SHORT-TERM IMPACTS ON CAPE TOWN
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▲
Figure 10: SEPI of the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ in Cape Town
0%
Category D
1,0
Category C
50%
CITY OF CAPE TOWN 2010 FIFA WORLD CUP™ SUMMARY REPORT – SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SHORT-TERM IMPACTS ON CAPE TOWN
INTRODUCTION
29
▲
▲
comprehensive understanding of the short-term impacts of the 2010 FIFA
World Cup™ in Cape Town. Their findings will add considerably to the
growing body of knowledge and expertise on this subject in South Africa
and internationally.
The unique approach and use of the four local universities’ and SRSA’s
expertise; the rich sets of data that are now available to the City, CHEC
and SRSA, and the important lessons learned, add to the City research
legacy of the 2010 event held in Cape Town.
Reflecting on the City’s strategic objectives of compliance, legacy and
leverage, the following conclusions can be drawn based on the shortterm findings of this report.
CONCLUSION
T
he City completed a full 2010 FIFA World Cup™ research plan,
together with CHEC and SRSA. This research is considered to be
the most comprehensive research process that has thus far been
undertaken for a host city, compared with other South African host cities
and possibly other host cities throughout the world.
By means of value-added and good-value partnerships, the City
supported the development of mega-event tools, mega-event research
methodologies, and the development of local academic, student and
public-sector skills.
In undertaking the study, the City had access to local mega-event data
and research, which, most importantly, provided a credible and
FINDINGS
METHODOLOGY
4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
“
From a business
perspective, the World
Cup seemed to have
a positive impact
economically, as well
as with respect to the
improvement and the
development of the
relevant infrastructure.
”
Compliance with FIFA requirements for hosting the games
The City achieved the objective of compliance, as expressed in the
following results:18
• The expression of confidence in the event having been successfully
hosted, and satisfaction as to how the event was organised by visitors,
residents, business and sports bodies, lend credence to the City’s
compliance with FIFA requirements.
• The reduction in the perception of crime expressed by residents and
business post-event bears testimony to compliance with the safety and
security requirements.
• The expectations by both residents and business of major
inconveniences as a result of traffic congestion or possible vandalism
or hooliganism also did not materialise.
Optimising the developmental impact, and leaving a legacy
The findings suggest that the City achieved mixed results in relation to
the objective of optimising developmental impact and leaving a legacy.
The result is not surprising, given the competing demands faced by a
host city to meet compliance requirements, while simultaneously using
30
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18 While the aim of the current research programme was not to assess the
degree of compliance, the results serve as indicators of the degree of
compliance achieved.
the event as a platform by means of which to achieve developmental
objectives.
All key targeted groups (residents, business and sport bodies) felt that
South Africa’s hosting of the event achieved a legacy for the country.
However, upon further examination, the short-term results were found to
be mixed, especially in relation to the results attained regarding the
social and sporting impacts, as is illustrated below.
• From a business perspective, the World Cup seemed to have a positive
impact economically, as well as with respect to the improvement and
the development of the relevant infrastructure. However, concerns
were also expressed by business post-event that infrastructure
development took place mainly near Cape Town Stadium, and there
was a decrease in the perception that businesses in this area would
strengthen.
• The economic impact of the event, as measured by the SEIM, was
positive, with business and residents generally sharing this perception.
• In terms of social impacts, the nation-building boost of the event was
much less for residents post-event, while it increased for business
within the time frame of the study. However, high levels of pride for
Cape Town and South Africa hosting the event were expressed by both
business and residents. Post-2010, more business than residents felt
that the event had had a divisive effect on the different cultural
groups.
METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
Future mega-event research
For future research of a similar nature, it is recommended that the City
should start planning at least two years in advance, and that it should
integrate the research plan upfront with the overall event implementation
plan, monitoring and reporting processes.
“
Good impressions
and experiences of
Cape Town generated
positive word of mouth,
Longitudinal research
The 2010 FIFA World Cup™ research undertaken by the City and CHEC in
Cape Town provides a strong platform for future event impact and
related research. It is also acknowledged that the research presented in
the current report focuses on the short-term impacts of the event. A
longitudinal approach to assessing the long-term impacts of the 2010
FIFA World Cup™ is recommended. The following suggestions are made
in relation to longitudinal research:
CITY OF CAPE TOWN 2010 FIFA WORLD CUP™ SUMMARY REPORT – SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SHORT-TERM IMPACTS ON CAPE TOWN
with Cape Town
standing to
benefit from additional
tourism generation in
the future.
”
31
▲
▲
maximising the promotional and positioning opportunities associated
with the World Cup, as presented in the results below:
• The World Cup was the primary reason for visiting Cape Town for the
majority of visitors, with the event attracting many first-time visitors to
Cape Town and South Africa.
• Good impressions and experiences of Cape Town generated positive
word of mouth, with Cape Town standing to benefit from additional
tourism generation in the future.
• Residents and business were also positive about the event’s platform
serving as a regional showcase, with recognition being granted to it as
a major boost for tourism during the event, and in respect of its ability
to attract future business.
In conclusion, it is evident that, in terms of the City’s strategic objectives
of hosting the 2010 FIFA World Cup™, compliance and leverage were
FINDINGS
Maximising the promotional and positioning opportunities –
leverage
The City achieved the strategic objective of leverage with respect to
achieved. However, the short-term developmental impacts of the event
and the associated legacy still remain unclear.
The completion of follow-up research will prove to be constructive,
creating a longitudinal research base that will have the capacity further
to reflect on the City’s attainment of the relative strategic objectives in
the long term.
Based on the key outcomes of the current report, the following
recommendations are proposed:
CONCLUSION
• The sport impacts were generally positive in terms of creating interest
and awareness of soccer, and, to a slightly lesser extent, participation
in the game. However, residents and sport bodies were less positive
about community development through sport by foreign and local
organisations post-2010.
• It is suggested that follow-up research be conducted in 2011 and
2013 among residents and business, as well as with the public sector
and parastatals.
• It is also suggested that a retrospective media analysis be conducted
to assess any changes in media coverage, pre-event, during and after
the event in the key source markets.19
Use of SEIM for future event research in the City
With the lessons learned from the research playing a significant role in
informing future planning of mega-events in Cape Town, the following
recommendations are made:
• It is recommended that the the City and SRSA conduct a debriefing
review of the process and methodology used in the current research,
in order to inform impact assessments of other events to be hosted by
the City, in relation to the City’s event planning and management
processes.
• Discussions should also include the use of the SEIM as a forecasting
tool in relation to prospective event bidding.
Refinement of SEIM for future event research with SRSA
In connection with refining the SEIM for future event research with
SRSA:
• SEIM lessons and potential refinements should be discussed with
SRSA, with a view to strengthening the SEIM.
• A more comprehensive environmental component should be included
in the SEIM, particularly in relation to the important greening focus
and initiatives around events.
City and CHEC collaboration and future research
It is further recommended that the City and CHEC conduct a debriefing
32
Green Goal and responsible tourism
While positive steps were taken to green the 2010 event, it is recommended that the greening of events should feature more strongly in
future. The importance of greening events should be communicated to,
and implemented by, all targeted groups. Similarly, the City should build
on its programmes to integrate responsible tourism with future event
planning, as the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ has demonstrated that there are
many potential opportunities for improvement that can positively affect
all targeted groups.
Knowledge management and transfer
Importantly, the socio-economic impact research results contribute to
knowledge creation regarding mega-event experiences in developing
contexts, and have direct implications for knowledge transfer to Brazil in
relation to the 2014 FIFA World Cup™.
It is therefore recommended that the City, as a 2010 host, facilitate
knowledge exchange with Brazil 2014, with the exchange extending to
event research and monitoring, and the evaluation of event impacts. As
mentioned above, in the section entitled “City and CHEC collaboration
and future research”, the City should continue its collaboration with
CHEC to support the further development of Cape Town as an event
destination.
Moreover, the City should make use of any upcoming knowledge
exchange platforms to share the results as well as the lessons stemming
from the current research programme.
CITY OF CAPE TOWN 2010 FIFA WORLD CUP™ SUMMARY REPORT – SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SHORT-TERM IMPACTS ON CAPE TOWN
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19 While media information was drawn from CTT’s reports, it is likely that
additional media analysis would add value to this comprehensive report.
with respect to the implementation of the project, as well as to discuss
a way forward, with the further analysis of the respective survey data
relevant to the range of the targeted groups (i.e. residents and business)
and the subgroups (e.g. residents in those areas hosting the PVAs). It is
recommended that all completed research using City data be shared and
used actively by the City and CHEC partners to support the development
of Cape Town as an events destination.
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