kmZJ§JmoÌr J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ … KQ>Zm, KS>m_moS>r, ^mî` AZwH«$_{UH$m LIB 013

$kmZJ§JmoÌr J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ … KQ>Zm, KS>m_moS>r, ^mî` AZwH«$_{UH$m LIB 013$
kmZJ§JmoÌr LIB 013 J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ … KQ>Zm, KS>m_moS>r, ^mî` df© 15 do kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ-Zmoìh|~a 2014 A§H$ 1 d 2 ISSN 2231-6507 AZwH«$_{UH$m ❏ g§nmXH$s` ❏ Cƒ {ejUmVrb Zdàdmh Am{U g§nmXH$ S>m°. _YwH$a eodmio ❏ g§nmXH$ _§S>i àm. àdrU KmoS>oñdma S>m°. amO|Ð Hw§$^ma S>m°. _mohZ IoaS>o S>m°. gwf_m nm¡S>dmb S>m°. Y_©amO dra ❏ ❏ ❏ 2014 èd§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR> © ❏ {Z{_©Vr lr. AmZ§X `mXd, ì`dñWmnH$, J«§W{Z{_©Vr H|$Ð, `. M. _. _wŠV {dÚmnrR> _wÐH$ lr. AaqdX nmoVZrg, lr Am°\$goQ> àog, 7 E, ZmB©g, gmVnya, Zm{eH$ - 7 àH$meH$ S>m°. àH$me AVH$ao, Hw$bg{Md, `. M. _. _wŠV {dÚmnrR>, Zm{eH$ - 422 222 gwQ>çm A§H$mMr qH$_V … g§ñWm é. 100 dm{f©H$ dJ©Ur … g§ñWm é. 400 ì`ŠVr … é. 30 ì`ŠVr … é. 120 _mJrb A§H$ CnbãYVoZgw ma nmR>{dbo OmVrb. dJ©UrMm YZmH$f© (S>rS>r) "{dÎm A{YH$mar, èd§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>, Zm{eH$' `m Zmdo H$mT>bobm Am{U Zm{eH$ òWo Xo` Agmdm. ❏ ❏ àm. 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Cƒ {ejU Am{U g§emoYZ H$m`mª_Üò ~XbË`m V§ÌkmZmÀ`m Am{U dmMZgm{hË`mÀ`m ñdê$nm_wio {ZpíMVnUo JVr, JwUdÎmm Am{U {Z{_©Vr `m§_Üò \$aH$ OmUdV Amho. OgOer V§ÌkmZm_Üò àJVr hmoV OmB©b Am{U _m{hVrÀ`m AmXmZ-àXmZmMr gmYZo àJV Am{U ghO gmonr hmoV OmVrb, VgVer J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVrómoV H|$Ðo, AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ, _m{hVr CnbãYrÀ`m H$m`m©V A{YH$ n[aUm_H$maH$ Am{U JwUdÎmmnydH© $ ~Xb KS>dZy AmUVrb `mV e§H$m Zmhr. gmYmaUnUo OmJ{VH$sH$aUmÀ`m _mJrb 25 dfmª_Üò doimodoir Pmbobr àJVr Am{U ~Xb ho gH$mamË_H$ ñdê$nmV Pmë`mMo {XgyZ Ambobo AmhoV. `mnwT>ohr Zd{Z{_©VrÀ`m AZwf§JmZo J«§Wmbò Am{U _m{hVrómoV H|$Ðo dmMH$m§Zm Am{U ~Xbboë`m _m{hVr CnbãYrÀ`m ómoVm§Zm H|$ÐñWmZr R>odyZ, V§ÌkmZmÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo J«§WnmbZmÀ`m {Xem `mo½` {XeoZo _mJ©H«${_V H$aVrb. kmZJ§JmoÌrÀ`m àñVwV A§H$m_Üò Cƒ {ejUmVrb Zdn«dmh Am{U e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Mm à{VgmXmda àm. S>m°. amOo§Ð Hw§$^ma `m§Zr MMm© H$aVmZm ~XbË`m àdmhmg J«W§ mb`m§H$Sy>Z Mm§Jbm à{VgmX XoÊ`mV òV Agë`mMo ñnï> Ho$bo Amho. Ago Agbo Var ZdrZ godm {dH${gV H$aUo, ZdrZ CnH«$_ am~{dUo d `m Zd àdmhm§Zm gm_moao OmÊ`mgmR>r AOyZ Iyn dmd Amho Am{U Ë`mX²dmaoM J«§Wmbò Cƒ {ejUmVrb Ë`m§Mo _hÎd ñnï> H$ê$ eH$Vrb Ago à{Vnm{XV Ho$bobo Amho. Hw$. ñdmVr Am{XZmW d lr_Vr C_m amOmo~m `m§Zr J«W§ mbèmó {ejUH«$_mÀ`m nma§n[aH$ Am{U XyañW àUmbrMm VwbZmË_H$ Aä`mg H$ê$Z Ë`mMo ñdê$n ñnï> Ho$bobo Amho. XmoÝhr àUmbt_Yrb gmYZo, VÁkVm, _yë`_mnZ bjmV KoVm XyañW àUmbrMo _hÎd AYmoao{IV Ho$bobo Amho. {dÚmnrR> J«§Wmb`m§_YyZ _w{ÐV VgoM A_w{ÐV dmMZgm{hË`mMr CnbãYr H$aÊ`mV òVo. hr CnbãYr H$aVmZm {deofV… Am°ZbmB©Z gmYZm§H$[aVmMr CnbãYr `mg§X^m©Vrb AZw^dmda AmYm[aV J«W§ {ZdS> Am{U J«W§ IaoXr `m~m~VMm boI lr. {demb ~mnVo `m§Zr gmXa Ho$bm Amho. kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 2 amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJ àUrV ^maVr` J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ{df`H$ YmoaUm~m~V MMm© H$aVmZm amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmÀ`m VaVwXtÀ`m AZwf§JmZo J«§Wmb`m§Zm H$gm CËH$f© gmYVm òB©b `m~m~V Hw$. dmS>H$a Am{U S>m°. BZm_Xma `m§Zr ^mî` Ho$bobo Amho. AmnÎmr ì`dñWmnZ hm gd©M joÌm§Vrb _hÎdnyU© ^mJ Amho. J«W§ mbòhr Ë`mg AndmX ZmhrV. J«§Wmb`m§À`m g§X^m©V AmnÎmr{df`H$ H$m` ~m~r Agy eH$VmV Am{U Ë`mda H$m` Cnm``moOZm H$am`bm hì`mV ho S>m.° H$a_H$a `m§Zr Amnë`m boImV _m§S>bo Amho, Va {Xdg-amÌ _hm{dÚmb`mVrb {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m dmMZ{df`H$ gd`tMm VwbZmË_H$ Aä`mg lr. AmR>ëò `m§Zr gmXa Ho$bm Amho. `m{edm` {Z`{_V ñdê$nmVrb nwñVH$ narjU ho gXa Am{U gZ 2013-14 `m dfm©V gmXa H$aÊ`mV Amboë`m {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m E_. {b~. {ejUH«$_mÀ`m {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m àH$ënmMr `mXr XoÊ`mV Ambr Amho. `mnydu Pmboë`m àH$ënm§Mm AmT>mdm KoÊ`mgmR>r àñVwV `mXr {dÚmÏ`mªZm Cn`wº$ R>aob Agm {dídmg dmQ>Vmo. S>m.° _YwH$a eodmio g§nmXH$ kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 3 Cƒ {ejUmVrb Zdàdmh Am{U e¡j{UH$ J«W § mb`m§Mm à{VgmX àm. S>m°. amO|Ð Hw§$^ma àmÜ`mnH$, J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ {d^mJ, gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo nwUo {dÚmnrR>, nwUo Email : rajendra_kumbhar@unipune.ac.in EZE_gr hmoam`PZ 2014 À`m Ahdmbm_Üò Cƒ {ejUmVrb Zd V§ÌkmZ Am{U CâVo àdmh `m§Mm ^{dî`doY KoVbm Amho. EZE_gr hmoam`PZ 2014 À`m Ahdmbm_Üò gm§{JVboë`m Cƒ {ejUmVrb àdmhm§Zm e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmbò gÜ`m H$gm à{VgmX XoV AmhoV `m~m~VMo {díbofU Ho$bo Amho. VgoM e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mb`m§H$Sy>Z ^{dî`mV H$m` à{VgmX Ano{jV Amho `mMrhr MMm© gXa bo I mV Ho $ bo b r Amho . àM{bV dmMZgm{hË`mÀ`m AmT>mì`mdê$Z gXa boIH$mg Ago AmT>ibo H$s, Cƒ {ejUmVrb ~XbË`m àdmhm§Zm e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmbò gH$mamË_H$ à{VgmX XoV AmhoV. Ë`mgmR>r ZdrZ godm {dH${gV H$aV AmhoV; ZdrZ godm XoV AmhoV; ZdrZ CnH«$_ am~{dV AmhoV. Ago Agbo Var Cƒ {ejUmVrb Zd àdmhm§Zm gm_moao OmÊ`mgmR>r e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mb`m§Zm A{YH$ Mm§Jë`m godm XoÊ`mg AOyZ Iyn dmd Amho. Ë`mÛmaoM e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmbò Cƒ {ejUmVrb Ë`m§Mo _hÎd ñnï> H$ê$ eH$Vrb. e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmbò `m Owù`m joÌm§Zm Adí` bmJy nS>Vo. OJmVrb AZoH$ joÌm§à_mUo Cƒ {ejUjoÌmVgwÕm gmVË`mZo ~Xb hmoV AmhoV. {deofV… gÜ`m e¡j{UH$ V§ÌkmZm_Üò, _m{hVr V§ÌkmZm_Üò A_ybmJ« ~Xb hmoV AmhoV. ho ~Xb ~hwA`m_r (Multifold), doJdmZ Am{U ì`mnH$ n[aUm_ H$aUmao AmhoV. _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmVrb Aem ~Xbm§Mm n[aUm_ åhUyZ Cƒ {ejUm_Üòhr XyaJm_r ~Xb hmoV AmhoV. {ejUmV dmnaë`m OmUmè`m `m _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmbm e¡j{UH$ V§ÌkmZ Agohr åhUVmV. do~ V§ÌkmZ, B§Q>aZoQ>, g§JUH$sH¥$V e¡j{UH$ Ioi, earamda YmaU H$aVm òUmar ñd`§M{bV So>Q>m g§H$bZ gmYZo, gm°âQ>dA o a Am{U hmS>d© A o a BË`mXtMm _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmV / e¡j{UH$ V§ÌkmZmV g_mdoe hmoVmo. `m d Aem gd©M V§ÌkmZmVrb {dH$mgm_wio Cƒ {ejUmÀ`m àËòH$ n¡by_Üò ~Xb hmoV Amho d ~Xb H$aUo Amdí`H$ Pmbo Amho. V§ÌkmZmVrb ~Xbm§Mm Cƒ {ejUmVrb AÜ``Z, AÜ`mnZ Am{U _yë`_mnZ `m KQ>H$m§da {deof n[aUm_ Pmbobm {XgVmo. e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb` hm Cƒ {ejUmMm A{d^mÁ` n¡by Amho. Ë`m_wio Cƒ {ejUmVrb ~Xbm§Zm gH$mamË_H$ à{VgmX XoUo ho e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`mMo H$V©ì`M Amho. EZE_gr Am{U ES>çyH$m°O b{ZªJ B©{Z{eEQ>rìh (`wEgE) `m§Zr Ë`m§Mm 2014 Mm dm{f©H$ Ahdmb ZwH$VmM àH$m{eV Ho$bm Amho. hm Ahdmb (NMC New Horizon Report (Johnson, et al. 2014) `m ZmdmZo AmoiIbm OmVmo. Cƒ {ejUmVrb Z{OH$À`m VgoM nwT>rb VrZ Vo nmM dfmªV òD$ KmVboë`m ~Xbm§Mm doY gXa AhdmbmV KoVbm Amho. `m Ahdmbm_Üò Z_yX Ho$boë`m ~Xbm§Zm e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mbò gÜ`m H$gm à{VgmX XoV AmhoV Am{U ^{dî`mV Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z H$gm à{VgmX Ano{jV Amho `mMm AmT>mdm gXa boImV KoVbm Amho. Cƒ {ejUmVrb ~Xbm§À`m nmíd©^_y rda e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mb`m§À`m ^y{_Ho$Mr MMm© gXa boImV Ho$br Amho. EZE_gr hmoam`PZ Ahdmb OJm_Üò Odinmg gd©M joÌm§V gmVË`mZo ~Xb hmoV AgVmV, åhUyZM ~Xb hmM EH$ ñWm{`^md Amho Ago åhQ>bo OmVo. ~XbmMr hr g§H$ënZm Cƒ {ejU Am{U Ý`y {_{S>`m H$Ýgm°a{e`_ (EZE_gr) Am{U ES>çyH$m°O b{ZªJ B©{Z{eEQ>rìh (`wEgE) `m§À`m g§`wº$ CnH«$_mVyZ EZE_gr hmoam`PZ Ahdmb V`ma Pmbm Amho. e¡j{UH$ V§ÌkmZmVrb Zdàdmh, e¡j{UH$ joÌmV ZdV§ÌkmZmMm dmna Am{U Ë`m§Mo e¡j{UH$ joÌmdarb g§^mì` n[aUm_ `m~m~VMm A§XmO KoÊ`mgmR>r darb XmoZ g§ñWm Xadfu g§emoYZ H$aVmV d Ë`m§À`m g§emoYZmda AmYm[aV àmW{_H$, _mÜ`{_H$ Am{U Cƒ {ejUmer g§~{YV ^{dî`doY KoVmV. `m ^{dî`doYH$ g§emoYZmgmR>r So>ë\$s V§ÌmMm dmna Ho$bm OmVmo. So>ë\$s V§ÌmÛmao OJâmVrb g§~§{YV VÁkm§Mr Cƒ {ejUmVrb kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 4 kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 5 (_hÎdmÀ`m g§km : e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Mr ~XbVr ^y{_H$m, Cƒ {ejUmVrb Zd àdmh, EZE_gr hmoam`PZ Ahdmb) àñVmdZm g§^mì` ~Xbm§~m~VMr _V§ OmUyZ KoVbr OmVmV. darb XmoZ g§ñWm Ago g§emoYZ 2002 nmgyZ H$aV AmhoV d Ë`mdarb Ahdmb àH$m{eV H$aV AmhoV. EZE_gr hmoam`PZÀ`m g§emoYZ Ahdmbm_Üò Cƒ {ejUmda n[aUm_ H$aUmao V§ÌkmZmVrb C„oIZr` àdmh (Key trends) Am{U _hÎdmÀ`m {dH$mgmË_H$ ~m~tMm doY KoVbm OmVmo. gXa boI EZE_gr hmoam`PZ Ahdmb (Cƒ {ejU) 2014 À`m Amd¥Îmrda AmY[aV Amho. boImMm hoVy Am{U boI {b{hÊ`mgmR>r Adb§{~bobr nÕVr gXa boI {b{hÊ`mMo VrZ hoVy AmhoV. (1) e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§da àË`j dm AàË`jnUo n[aUm_ H$aUmè`m, EZE_gr hmoam`PZ Ahdmbm_Yrb {ZdS>H$ àdmhm§Mm g§{já AmT>mdm KoUo. (2) `m Ahdmbm_Üò M{M©bëo `m Zdàdmhm§Zm e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mbò gÜ`m XoV Agboë`m à{VgmXm§Mm emoY KoUo. (3) AhdmbmVrb Á`m Zdàdmhm§Zm e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmbò gÜ`m à{VgmX XoV ZmhrV, Ë`m Zdàdmhm§Zm Ë`m§Zr ^{dî`mV H$gm à{VgmX Úmdm `m~m~VÀ`m Anojm ì`º$ H$aUo. gXa boI {b{hÊ`mgmR>r EZE_gr hmoam`PZ Ahdmb (Cƒ {ejU) 2014 À`m Amd¥ÎmrMm AmYma KoVbm Amho. VgoM Ahdmbm_Üò M{M©boë`m Zdàdmhm§Zm e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mbò gÜ`m XoV Agboë`m, VgoM Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z ^{dî`mV Ano{jV Agboë`m à{VgmXm§Mr MMm© H$aÊ`mgmR>r AbrH$S>À`m H$mimVrb åhUOoM 2011 Vo 2014 `m H$mimVrb g§emoYZmË_H$ dmMZgm{hË`mMm dmna Ho$bm Amho. EdTo>M Zmhr Va boImÀ`m AmT>mì`m_Üò AÚ`mdVVm `mdr `mgmR>r ^{dî`mV àH$m{eV hmoUmè`m na§Vw gÜ`m àrqàÝQ>g² åhUyZ CnbãY Agbobëo `m B©bŠo Q´>m{° ZH$ {Z`VH$m{bH$mVrb boIm§Mmhr dmna Ho$bm Amho. CnbãY Agboë`m EHy$U g§~§{YV dmMZgm{hË`mn¡H$s {ZdS>H$ dmMZgm{hË`M {dMmamV KoVbobo Amho. Cƒ {ejUmg§~§YmVrb EHy$U 18 g§^m{dV ~Xb EZE_gr hmoam`PZ Ahdmbm_Üò Z_yX Ho$bo AmhoV. Ë`mVrb AmR> àdmhm§Mm /~Xbm§Mm e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mb`m§da àË`j dm AàË`j n[aUm_ hmoBb © Ago gXa boIH$mg dmQ>V.o åhUyZ `m boIm_Üò Ë`m AmR> àdmhm§MmM AmT>mdm KoVbm Amho. Ë`m AmR> àdmhm§Zm e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmbò gÜ`m H$gm à{VgmX XoV AmhoV Am{U ^{dî`mV H$m` à{VgmX Úmdm `mMr MMm© `m boImV kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 6 Ho$bobr Amho. MMm© H$aÊ`mgmR>r EZE_gr hmoam`PZ AhdmbmVrb àdmhmÀ`m erf©H$m§MmM dmna Ho$bm Amho. àËòH$ erf©H$mImbr EZE_gr hmoam`PZ AhdmbmVrb "A§Xm{OV àdmh' Zm|XdyZ Ë`m àdmhmg e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmbò gÜ`m H$gm à{VgmX XoV AmhoV `m~m~V nwamì`m§gh MMm© Ho$bobr Amho. VgoM ^{dî`mV e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Zr Cƒ {ejUmVrb `m Zdàdmhm§Zm H$gm à{VgmX Úmdm `m~m~VMr Anojm e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mb`m§Mm à{VgmX `m erf©H$mImbr ì`º$ Ho$br Amho. e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mb`m§da àË`j dm AàË`j n[aUm_ H$aUmao AmR> àdmh /~Xb Am{U e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mb`m§Mm à{VgmX Imbrb n[aÀNo>Xm§_Üò ñnï> Amho. 1. gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_m§Mr {dídì`mnH$Vm (Ubiquity of Social Media ) A§Xm{OV àdmh : EZE_gr hmoam`PZ AhdmbmMo gma òË`m EH$ Vo XmoZ dfmª_Üò gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_m§Ûmao gd©Xay CnbãY hmoVrb. gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_m§_Üò {Q‰>Q>a, \o$g~wH$, {dH$sO, ãbm°½O BË`mXtMm g_mdoe hmoVmo. B§Q>aZoQ>Mr dmT>Vr CnbãYVm, B§Q>aZoQ> dmnamgmR>rÀ`m ñ_mQ>© \$moZgma»`m gmYZm§Mm àgma, BË`mXr H$maUm§_wio AhdmbmVrb hm A§XmO Z¸$sM dmñVdmV òB©b. AhdmbmZwgma gÜ`m {dÚmWu VgoM {ejH$hr gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_m§Mm A{YH$m{YH$ dmna H$aV AmhoV. nwT>rb EH$ Vo XmoZ dfmªV gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_m§Mm dmna {ZpíMVnUo AmUIr dmT>V OmUma Amho. e¡j{UH$ J«W § mb`m§Mm à{VgmX AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ à{H«$òV e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mb`m§Mo {deof _hÎd Amho. ho {dMmamV KoD$Z e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mb`mÀ`m AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ à{H«$òVrb Cn`wº$Vo~m~V OmJê$H$Vm {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_m§Mm dmna H$aUo eŠ` Amho. VgoM {dÚmÏ`mª_Üò _m{hVr gmjaVm {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>rhr gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_m§Mm Cn`moJ H$aVm òB©b. H$mhr e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmbò `m hoVygmR>r gÜ`m gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_m§Mm dmna H$aV AmhoV. CXmhaUmW©, Colbum Am{U Haines (2012) `m§Zr XyaÀ`m Cn^moŠË`m§n`ªV nmohMÊ`mgmR>r (Outreach) J«W§ mbò, `yQ>ç~w `mgma»`m gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_m§Mm H$gm dmna H$aV AmhoV `mMm Aä`mg Ho$bm. `mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr J«W§ mb`mMr Om{hamV H$aUmè`m `m `yQ>çw~darb pìhS>rAmoMo {díbofU Ho$bo. Colbum Am{U Haines `m§Zm Ago AmT>ibo H$s, Om{hamVrgmR>r J«§Wmbò gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_m§Mm _moR>çm à_mUmda dmna kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 7 H$aV AmhoV. {edm` J«§Wmb`mÀ`m do~gmB©Q>da qH$dm e¡j{UH$ g§ñWoÀ`m ~gogda VgoM gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_m§da dma§dma Om{hamV H$ê$Z `wQ>çw~darb J«§Wmb`m~m~VÀ`m Ame`mÀ`m Cn^moŠË`m§Mo à_mU J«W§ mb`m§Zr dmT>dmdo Ago `m boIH$m§Zr gwM{dbo Amho. Del Bosque, Lief Am{U Skart, (2012) `m§Zr J«§Wmbò Am{U J«§Wmb` ì`mdgm{`H$ gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_m§Mm H$gm dmna H$aV AmhoV `mMm emoY KoVbm. Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr `w{Zìh©{gQ>r Am°\$ ZodmS>m, bm°gdoJmg A§VJ©V 296 J«§Wmb` ì`mdgm{`H$m§À`m {Q‰> Q>aÀ`m dmnamMo gìho©jU Ho$bo. `m gìho©jUmV Del Bosque, Lief Am{U Skart `m§Zm Ago AmT>ibo H$s, {Q‰>Q>aMm dmna H$ê$Z J«§Wmb` ì`mdgm{`H$ dmMH$m§n`ªV nmohMy eH$VmV; Ë`m§À`mer g§dmX gmYy eH$VmV; VgoM Ë`m§Zm Ëd[aV Am{U Cn`wº$ nÕVrZo J«§Wmb`rZ _XV XoD$ eH$VmV. Del Bosque, Lief Am{U Skart `m§À`mà_mUoM Chu Am{U Du (2013) `m§Zrhr gm_m{OH$ Omù`m§À`m gmYZm§Mo (Social Networking Tools) e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`mVrb Cn`moJ Aä`mgbo. `m Aä`mgm_Üò Ë`m§Zr gm_m{OH$ Omù`m§À`m gmYZm§Mo J«W§ mb`rZ dmnamMo à_mU Am{U J«§Wmb` ì`mdgm{`H$m§Mm gm_m{OH$ Omù`m§À`m gmYZm§~ÔbMm g_O Am{U Ñ{ï>H$moZ `m ~m~tMr g_rjm Ho$br. gXa g_rjoVyZ Chu Am{U Du `m§Zm Ago AmT>ibo H$s, 71% J«§Wmbò ì`mdgm{`H$ gm_m{OH$ Omù`m§À`m gmYZm§Mm dmna H$aV AmhoV d gm_m{OH$ Omù`m§À`m gmYZm§À`m Cn`wº$Vo~m~V ~hwVm§e J«§Wmb` ì`mdgm{`H$m§Mm Ñ{ï>H$moZ gH$mamË_H$ Amho. gm_m{OH$ Omù`m§À`m gmYZm§Mo e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§V Cn`moOZ H$aÊ`m~m~V Chu Am{U Du Mo g§emoYZ _mJJ©Xe©H$ R>aVo. Bhardwaj (2014) `m§Zm Ago AmT>ibo H$s, J«§Wmb` ì`mdgm{`H$ ñdV:bm g_mO_mÝ` (Socialize) H$aÊ`mgmR>r, ZdrZ KS>m_moS>t~m~V AÚ`mdV amhÊ`mgmR>r, ZmoH$ar emoYÊ`mgmR>r Am{U ^{dî`H$mbrZ n[afXm§~m~V _{hVr {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r _m{hVr Omù`m§À`m ñWim§Mm dmna H$aVmV. ^maÛmO `m§Zr nwTo> Agohr gwM{dbo Amho H$s, gm_m{OH$ Omù`m§À`m gmYZm§Mm dmna dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r J«§Wmb` Am{U _{hVremñÌ Aä`mgH«$_m§_Üò "gm_m{OH$ Omù`m§Mo Cn`moOZ' hm KQ>H$ g_{dï> Ho$bm nm{hOo. J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌmÀ`m gÜ`mÀ`m ~hwVm§e Aä`mgH«$_m§_Üò ^maÛmO `m§Mr hr gyMZm A_bmV Ambobr {XgVo. Grace, Et. al. (2012) `m§À`m _VmZwgma e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Zm gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_m§Mm dmna H$aÊ`mÀ`m AZoH$ g§Yr CnbãY AmhoV. {deofV… {dÚmÏ`mª_Yrb nañna g§dmXm_Üò gh^mJr hmoÊ`mgmR>r VgoM _m{hVr gmjaVm CnH«$_ am~{dÊ`mgmR>r gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_m§Mm dmna J«§Wmbò H$ê$ eH$VmV Ago Grace Am{U Ë`m§Mo ghH$mar `m§Zm dmQ>Vo. _mÂ`m _VmZwgma {dÚmWu g_yhmg MM©og àmoËgmhZ XoÊ`mgmR>r, VgoM {dÚmÏ`mªMm e¡j{UH$ CnH«$_mVrb gh^mJ dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r J«W§ mbò \o$g~yH$Mm dmna H$ê$ eH$VmV. Ë`mMà_mUo {dÚmÏ`mªZm ZdrZ _m{hVr XoÊ`mgmR>r Am{U J«§Wmb`rZ godm§Mr _m{hVr nwa{dÊ`mgmR>r J«§Wmbò `yQ>çw~Mm dmna H$ê$ eH$VmV. darb {ddoMZmdê$Z Ago åhUVm òVo H$s, {dÚmWu, J«§Wmb`mMo BVa Cn^moºo$ Am{U J«§Wmb` godH$ ho gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_m§Mm _m{hVrMo gmYZ åhUyZ VgoM g§àfo UmMo n[aUm_H$maH$ gmYZ åhUyZ dmna H$aV AmhoV. Romero (2012) `m§À`m _VmZwgma g§àfo UmMo gmYZ åhUyZ gm_m{OH$ Omù`m§Zm J«W§ mb`rZ joÌmV _mÝ`Vm {_imbobr Amho. EdTo>M ZmhrVa J«§Wmbò do~gmB©Q>Mm dmna H$ê$Z VgoM \o$g~wH$da Am{U {Q‰>Q>ada J«§Wmb`mMr _m{hVr àgm[aV H$ê$Z Iyn H$_r IMm©_Üò J«§Wmb`mMr Om{hamV H$aV AmhoV Agohr amo_oamo `m§Zr {deX Ho$bo Amho. gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_m§Mr {dídì`mnH$Vm åhUOoM gd©Xya ghO CnbãYVm hr AmZ§XmMr VgoM H$miOrMr ~m~ Amho. gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_o {d{dY àH$maMr àM§S> _m{hVr CnbãY H$ê$Z XoV AmhoV. hr _m{hVr ghOnUo {_iVo VgoM Vr Ëd[aV CnbãY hmoVo. `m gd© AmZ§XmÀ`m ~m~r AmhoV. na§Vw gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_m§darb _m{hVrÀ`m JwUdÎmoda, {dídmgmh©Voda H$moUmMohr {Z`§ÌU Zmhr hr _mÌ H$miOrMr ~m~ Amho. gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_m§darb _yë`_mnZ Z Ho$boë`m, JwUdÎmm Z Vnmgboë`m Aem àM§S> _m{hVr_wio J«§Wmb` ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zm EH$ ZdrZ H$m`©g§Yr CnbãY Pmbr Amho. `mo½` _m{hVr emoYyZ, {VMo _yë`_mnZ H$ê$Z, {VMo g§KQ>Z H$ê$Z Vr `mo½` Ë`m Cn^moŠË`mg doiVo CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mMo H$m¡eë` J«W§ mb` ì`mdgm{`H$m§H$So> Amho. {deofV… JaOm§er V§VmoVV§ OwiUmè`m `m _m{hVrMm emoY KoÊ`mMo, emoYboë`m _m{hVrMr MmiUr (Filter) H$aÊ`mMo H$m¡eë` J«§Wmb` ì`mdgm{`H$m§H$So> Amho. ho H$m¡eë` dmnê$Z J«§Wmb` ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zr Cn^moŠË`m§Zm gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_ godm (Social Media Services), gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_ emoY d _yë`_mnZ godm (Social Media Search and Evaluation Services) {Xë`m nm{hOoV. Aem godm§Ûmao J«W § mbò gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_m§_Yrb _m{hVrMo _yë`_mnZ H$ê$Z `mo½` Vr _m{hVr Cn^moŠË`m§Zm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoD$ eH$Vrb. Cƒ {ejUmÀ`m gwadmVrnmgyZM J«§Wmbò, {dÚmWu Am{U {ejH$m§Zm {d{dY àH$maMr _m{hVr gmYZo CnbãY H$ê$Z XoV AmhoV. VgoM _m{hVrMo H$moUVohr ZdrZ _mÜ`_ (CXmhaUmW©, B©-OZ©b) Cnm{O©V H$ê$Z Vo Cn^moŠË`m§Zm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`m_Üò J«§Wmbò AJ«oga am{hbobr AmhoV. Ë`m§À`m `m d¡{eï>çm§Mm dmna H$ê$Z J«§Wmb`m§Zr kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 8 kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 9 AmVm gm_m{OH$ _mÜ`_m§_Yrb JwUdÎmmnyU© _m{hVr emoYyZ Vr Cn^moŠË`m§Zm CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbr nm{hOo. Ë`mgmR>r `mo½` Aer Cn`moOHo$ (Apps) V`ma Ho$br nm{hOoV. 2. Am°ZbmB©Z, hm`{~«S> Am{U ghAÜ``ZmMo EH$ÌrH$aU (Integration of online, hybrid and collaborative learning) A§Xm{OV àdmh : òË`m EH$ dm XmoZ dfmª_Üò Am°ZbmB©Z, hm`{~«S> Am{U ghAÜ``ZmMo dmT>Ë`m à_mUmda EH$ÌrH$aU hmoB©b Agm A§XmO EZE_gr hmoam`PZ Ahdmbm_Üò ì`º$ Ho$bm Amho. `m ZdrZ àdmhm_wio Cƒ {ejUm_Üò ì`mnH$ ~Xb hmoVrb Agohr `m Ahdmb {Z_m©Ë`m§Mo _V Amho. e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Mm à{VgmX : AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ à{H«$òV J«§Wmb`m§Zr gmVË`mZo _hÎdmMr ^y{_H$m ~Omdbr Amho; AmVmhr ~OmdV Amho Am{U `mnwTo>hr ~OmdV amhUma Amho. nma§n[aH$ AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ à{H«$òV Va J«§Wmb`m§Zr `moJXmZ {XboboM Amho. Am{U AmVm ZdrZ àH$maÀ`m Am°ZbmB©Z, hm`{~«S> Am{U ghAÜ``Zm_Üòhr J«W§ mb`rZ godm§Mo _hÎd {XgyZ òV.o V§ÌkmZm_wio Cƒ {ejUm_Üò A_ybmJ« ~Xb hmoV AmhoV. Ë`mVrb XmoZ ~Xb _bm {deof _hÎdmMo dmQ>VmV. Vo åhUOo(1) ì`mnH$ Am°ZbmB©Z _wŠV Aä`mgH«$_m§Mr (Massive Online Open Courses - MOOC) CnbãYVm : hmadS>©, E_Am`Q>r `m§gma»`m OJà{gÕ g§ñWm§Zr Ago (MOOC) Aä`mgH«$_ CnbãY Ho$bo AmhoV. ho Aä`mgH«$_ _mo\$V CnbãY AmhoV; VgoM Vo Am°ZbmB©Zhr CnbãY AmhoV. MOOC Aä`mgH$m§Zm bmJUmao dmMZgm{hË` do~gmB©Q>Ûmao _mo\$V CnbãY Ho$bo OmVo d ho Aä`mgH«$_ {dídì`mnH$ AmhoV. MOOC Aä`mgH«$_m§Zm gÜ`m dmT>Vr _mJUr Amho. Aä`mgH«$_m§Zm gÜ`m A{YH$m{YH$ à{VgmX {_iV Amho. EdTo>M Zmhr Va MOOC Aä`mgH«$_ AmVm AZoH$ {df`m§gh J«W§ mb` Am{U _m{hVr emñÌmVgwÕm {Z_m©U Pmbo AmhoV (Pujar and Bansode, 2014). (2) _wŠV e¡j{UH$ gmYZm§Mr (Open Education ResourcesOER) CnbãYVm : AZoH$ g§ñWm Am{U VÁk e¡j{UH$ gmYZo (J«W § , {Z`VH$m{bHo$, ÑŠ-lmì` gmYZo BË`mXr) Am°ZbmB©Z `§ÌUoÛmao _moR>çm à_mUmda CnbãY H$aV AmhoV. {deof åhUOo hr e¡j{UH$ gmYZo _mo\$V CnbãY Ho$br OmV AmhoV. kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 10 J«§Wmbò dmMZgm{hË` CnbãY H$aVmV d dmMZgm{hË`mMr _mo\$V CnbãYVm ho darb XmoÝhr ZdrZ gw{dYm§Mo g_mZ d¡{eîQ>ç Amho. Aem n[apñWVrV J«W§ mbò Amdí`H$ AmhoV H$m? V§ÌkmZmÀ`m dmXim§_Üò J«§Wmbò {Q>Hy$Z amhVrb H$m? da Z_yX Ho$boë`m V§ÌkmZmÀ`m {ejUmVrb Cn`moOZm_wio J«§Wmbò _m{hVr g§àofU gmIirVyZ ~mX Va hmoUma ZmhrV Zm? `m Am{U Aem àH$maÀ`m e§H$m J«§Wmb`m§Mo ApñVËd {Q>Hy$Z amhÊ`m~m~VÀ`m ì`º$ H$aÊ`mV òV AmhoV. na§Vw _mPm d¡`{º$H$ AZw^d Am{U àH$m{eV g§emoYZmVrb {ZîH$fmªÛmao Ago R>m_nUo åhUVm òVo H$s, ~Xbboë`m n[apñWVrVgwÕm J«W§ mbò Amnbo _hÎd {Q>H$dyZ Ro>dVrb. MOOC Aä`mgH« $ _m§ Z m g{H« $ ` nmqR>~m Xo D $Z Am{U _m{hVrnQ> (Information Common) {Z_m©U H$ê$Z e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmbò Am°ZbmB©Z, hm`{~«S> Am{U ghAÜ``Zm_Üò Amnbr Cn`mo{JVm Am{U _hÎd AYmoao{IV H$aV AmhoV. Am°ZbmB©Z {ejUmMm doJmZo àgma hmoV Amho. EZE_gr hmoam`PZ AhdmbmVrb A§XmOmZwgma Z{OH$À`m H$mim_Üò `m àH$maÀ`m {ejUmMm A{YH$ doJmZo {dñVma hmoUma Amho. MOOC Aä`mgH«$_m§Ûmao darb A§XmOmg nwï>r {_iVo. MOOC dê$Z bjmV òVo H$s, Am°ZbmB©Z Cƒ {ejU àË`jmV Ambo Amho. Mazoue (2013) Zwgma ho Am¡Úmoo{JH$aUmníMmV ApñVËdmV Ambobo AÜ`mnZmMo àmê$n Amho. Cƒ {ejUmÀ`m `m ZdrZ àmê$nm_Üò gÜ`mÀ`m ì`mdgm{`H$ Am{U ñWmZ~Õ (Locationbound) e¡j{UH$ àmê$nmbm n`m©` CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mMr j_Vm Amho. gÜ`mMr e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmbò MOOC bm g_W©Z XoV AmhoV; _XV H$aV AmhoV. CXmhaUmW©, ZmW© H°$amo{bZm ñQo>Q> `w{Zìh©{gQ>r J«W§ mb`mZo MOOC bm _XV H$aÊ`mgmR>r ‘Library Course Tools’ (http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/course/) ZmdmMr `§ Ì Um {dÚmWmªgmR>r {dH${gV Ho$br Amho. `m `§ÌUoÛmao {dÚmWu {dÚmnrR>mH$S>rb _m{hVrgmYZo do ~ Ûmao {_idy eH$VmV (http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/dli/projects/ courseviews). J«§Wmb` g§Km§Zr Am{U VÁkm§Zr MOOC Mr Cƒ {ejUmVrb An[ahm`©Vm AmoiIbr Amho. Am{U åhUyZM e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Zr MOOC bm g{H«$` nmqR>~m Úmdm `mgmR>r J«W§ mb` g§K, e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mb`m§Zm _mJ©Xe©Z H$aV AmhoV. ACRL Mm Environmental Scan hm Ahdmb Aem _mJ©Xe©ZmMo CXmhaU Amho. Ahdmbm_Üò(1) e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mb`m§da n[aUm_ H$aUmè`m àM{bV Am{U ZdrZ KQ>H$m§Mr _m{hVr {Xbobr Amho. kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 11 (2) e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmbò gÜ`m H$moUË`m n[apñWVrV H$m`© H$aV AmhoV Ë`m n[apñWVrMo dU©Z Ho$bo Amho. (3) darb XmoÝhtMo J«§Wmb` gmYZo, godm Am{U godH$m§darb n[aUm_ `m§Mr MMm© Ho$bobr Amho. e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mb`m§Zm ^mdr H$mimgmR>r {Z`moOZ H$aVm `mdo `mgmR>rMr _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdo Environmental Scan Ahdmbm_Üò {Xbobr AmhoV. Cƒ {ejUmVrb MOOC Mm àdoe bjmV KoD$Z Environmental Scan Ahdmb Ago gwM{dVmo H$s, e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Zr MOOC Aä`mgH«$_mÀ`m {dH$gZm_Üò Am{U Vo am~{dÊ`m_Üò gh^mJr Pmbo nm{hOo. ñdV:À`m AZw^dmda Am{U dmMZgm{hË` AmT>mì`mÛmao Kerry Wu `m§Zr gwÕm MOOC Mm e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§darb à^md Aä`mgbm Am{U e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Zr Ë`m§À`m g§ñWoVrb MOOC À`m MMo©_Üò gh^mJr ìhmdo Ago AmdmhZ Ho$bo Amho (Wu, 2013). MOOC Mm dmT>Vm àgma Am{U à^md {dMmamV KoD$Z e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Zr MOOC À`m {dÚmWmªgmR>r _m{hVrMr n°Ho$Oog, nmoQ>©bg² {dH${gV H$amdrV. ‘Course-based additional Aem àH$maMr _m{hVr n°Ho$Oog² MOOC À`m AÜ``ZH$Ë`m©g Cn`wº$ R>ê$ eH$VmV. AWm©VM e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmbò MOOC Aä`mgH«$_m§Zm AmVm Or _XV H$aV AmhoV Ë`mhÿZ OmñV _XV Vo H$ê$ eH$VmV. ~XbË`m e¡j{UH$ dmVmdaUmg g_W©H$ Aer AmUIr EH$ ZdrZ gw{dYm gÜ`m e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mbò CnbãY H$aV AmhoV. _m{hVrnrR> (Information Common) ho Ë`m ZdrZ gw{dYoMo Zmd Amho. `m gw{dYoÛmam e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmbò Am°ZbmB©Z, hm`{~«S> Am{U ghAÜ``ZmË_H$ {ejUmgmR>r _XV H$aV AmhoV. _m{hVrnrR> hr BVa H$moUË`mhr {ejUì`dñWoà_mUo AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZmg _XV H$aUmar `§ÌUm Amho. _m{hVrnrR> åhUOo J«§Wmb`mVrb Aer EH$ {d{eð> OmJm AgVo H$s `m OmJoV g§JUH$ AgVmV, B§Q>aZoQ>Mr gw{dYm AgVo. `mOmJoV {dÚmWu ghAÜ``ZmgmR>r g_yhmZo òVmV d Aä`mg Am{U MMm© H$aVmV. g§~§{YV {df`mda _mJ©Xe©Z H$aÊ`mgmR>r `mM{R>H$mUr {ejH$hr CnbãY AgVmV. _hÎdmMo åhUOo MMoÀ© `m/Aä`mgmÀ`m {df`mdarb `mo½` J«W§ Am{U _m{hVr emoYyZ XoÊ`mgmR>r òWoM J«§Wmb` ì`mdgm{`H$hr CnbãY AgVmV. _m{hVrnrR>mVrb J«§Wmb` ì`mdgm{`H$ {dÚmÏ`mªZm _m{hVr emoYyZ XoÊ`m~amo~aM _m{hVrMm Zr{Vnyd©H$ dmna H$aÊ`m~m~Vhr _mJ©Xe©Z H$aVmV. g§emoYH$ {dÚmWu nañnam§_Üò VgoM Ë`m§À`m _mJ©Xe©H$m§~amo~a _m{hVnrR>m_Üò MMm© H$ê$ eH$VmV. naXoemVrb ~hwVm§e _m{hVrnrR>meoOmarM Mhm, H$m°\$sMr VgoM AënmonhmamMrhr ì`dñWm AgVo. ~è`mM _m{hVrnrR>mÀ`m {R>H$mUr {hadi (bm°Z) AgVo Am{U gmo\$goQ>hr AgVmV. WmoS>Š`mV, _m{hVrnrR> hr ghAÜ``ZmMr Amam_Xm`r gw{dYm AgVo. hr _m{hVrnrR>mMr e¡j{UH$ Am{U g§emoYZmË_H$ d¡{eîQ>ço AmhoV. `m d¡{eîQ>çm§_wioM _m{hVrnrR>mbm "AÜ``ZnrR>' ( Learning Commons), "g§emoYZnrR'> (Research Commons), "g¥OZnrR>' (Creative Commons) Agohr åhUVmV. _m{hVrnrR>mÀ`m darb d¡{eîQ>çm§dê$Z bjmV òVo H$s, _m{hVrnrR> ho Am°ZbmB©Z, hm`{~«S> Am{U ghAÜ``ZmMr gdmo©Îm_ J«§Wmb`rZ gw{dYm Amho. _m{hVrnrR>mMr Cn`wº$Vm {dMmamV KoD$Z AÜ`mnH$gwÕm _m{hVrnrR> ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r J«§Wnmbm§Zm _XV H$aV AmhoV (Rene, et.al.). e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmbò _m{hVrnrR>mÛmao {dÚmÏ`mªZm Am°ZbmB©Z, hm`{~«S> Am{U ghAÜ``ZmgmR>r g{H«$` _XV H$aV AmhoV, `mMo AZoH$ nwamdo gÜ`m AmT>iVmV. CXmhmaUmW©, {~«Q>Z_Yrb Mma {dÚmnrR> J«§Wmb`m§Zr ghAÜ``ZmgmR>r _m{hVrnrR>o {Z_m©U Ho$br AmhoV (Appleton, Stevenson and Boden, 2011). µTalve (2011) `m§À`m_Vo gÜ`mÀ`m _m{hVrnrR>m_§ Üò {S>{OQ>b Am{U ZoQ>dH©$ gw{dYm AgVmV; gm_m{OH$ dmVmdaU AgVo Am{U Ë`mbm gm¢X`©_yë`hr AgVo. `m gd© d¡{eîQ>çm§_wio _m{hVrnrR> ho EH$Q>çmZo VgoM EH${ÌVnUo A§Va{H«$`mË_H$ (Interactive) nÕVrZo AÜ``Z H$amÊ`mMr gw{dYm åhUyZ CX`mg òV AmhoV. Beagle (2012) `m§Zr _m{hVrnrR>mÀ`m {Z{_©VrMr Vm{H©$H$ H$maUo emoYbr AmhoV. Ë`m§À`m _VmZwgma ^m¡{VH$ (Physical), A^mgr (Virtual) Am{U gm§ñH¥${VH$ (Cultural) d¡{eîQ>çm§À`m EH$ÌrH$aUmVyZ _m{hVrnrR>o {Z_m©U Ho$br OmVmV. VgoM J«§Wmb`rZ gw{dYm§gh, AZoH$ AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ gw{dYm§Mohr _m{hVrnrR>m§_Üò EH$ÌrH$aU Ho$bo OmVo. gÜ`m OJâmVrb WmoS>çmM e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§H$So> _m{hVrnrR>mMr gw{dYm CnbãY Amho. na§Vw AmVm gd©M e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mb`m§Zr _m{hVrnrR>o {Z_m©U Ho$br nm{hOoV Agm g§Xoe EZE_gr hmoam`PZ AhdmbmVyZ {_iVmo. _m{hVrnrR>mÛmao {dÚmWu VgoM {ejH$ Am°ZbmB©Z, hm`{~«S> Am{U ghAÜ``Z à{H«$`m§Mm bm^ KoD$ eH$VmV. Or J«§Wmbò _m{hVrnrR> Ëd[aV {Z_m©U H$ê$ eH$V ZmhrV Ë`m§Zr {H$_mZ J«§Wmb`mVrb kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 12 kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 13 resource’s package for MOOC’; ‘e-content package for MOOC’ N>moQ>rer OmJm _m{hVrnrR> åhUyZ CnbãY H$amdr. Aem OmJobm MMm©nrR>/`w{º$dmX ñWi/Zd{Z{_©Vr H$m`©emim Aem ZmdmZo g§~moYmdo. J«W§ mb`mVrb Aem OmJobm AmUIr ZmdrÝ`nyU© ZmdmZohr AmoiIbo OmD$ eH$Vo. `m_Üò ghAÜ``Z joÌ (Collaborative Learning Zone); g§emoYZ gwg§dmX joÌ (Research Interaction Zone), ~mobÊ`mg/MMo©g nadmZJr AgUmao joÌ (Talking / Discussion Zone) BË`mXr ZmdrÝ`nyU© erf©H$m§Mm g_mdoe Agy eH$Vmo. em§VVmnyU© AÜ``Z joÌmÀ`m (Silent Reading Zone) {edm` A{YH$Mr gw{dYm åhUyZ _m{hVrnrR> {Z_m©U Ho$bo Omdo. Am°ZbmB©Z, hm`{~«S> Am{U ghAÜ``Zmg _XV H$aÊ`mgmR>r e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mb`m§Zr Am°ZbmB©Z [aS>a H$ë~ {dH${gV H$amdoV. Aem H$ë~Ûmao J«§Wmbò Ë`m§À`m_Üò Am{U dmMH$m§_Üò g§nH©$ {Z_m©U H$ê$ eH$Vrb. Am°ZbmB©Z [aS>a Šb~Ûmao {dÚmWu J«W§ mb`mMm dmna, Ë`m§Mo dmMZ CnH«$_, Ë`m§Mm dmMZ AZw^d, BË`mXt~m~VMr _m{hVr EH$_oH$m§Zm XoD$-KoD$ eH$Vrb. VgoM Am°ZbmB©Z [aS>a H$ë~Ûmao e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmbò A§VaemIr` AÜ``Zmg àmoËgmhZ Am{U _XV XoD$ eH$Vrb. AZoH$ {dÚmnrR>o AmVm Ë`m§À`m {ejUH«$_m§_Üò "H°$\o$Qo>[a`m' nÕVrMm Adb§~ H$aVmV. `m nÕVr_Üò {dÚmWu EH$mdoiog EH$m _w»` {df`m~amo~a BVa kmZemIm§_Yrb {ZdS>H$ {df`m§Mm Aä`mg H$ê$ eH$Vmo. CXmhaUmW©, J«W§ mbèmñÌmMm {dÚmWu J«W§ mbèmñÌmÀ`m {df`m§~amo~aM EH$ dm XmoZ nona _mZgemñÌmMo Aä`mgy eH$Vmo. H°$\o$Qo>[a`m nÕVrZo EH$mM doiog {d{dY {df` {eH$Umè`m `m {dÚmÏ`mªZm e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmbò Am°ZbmB©Z [aS>a H$ë~Ûmao B©boŠQ´>m°{ZH$ dmMZgm{hË`mMo {dVaU H$ê$ eH$Vrb. `mMà_mZo e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Zr "Am°ZbmB©Z {Q>qMJ-b{ZªJ Šb~hr {dH${gV H$amdoV. Aem Šb~Ûmao e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mbò {ejH$m§Zm VgoM {dÚmÏ`mªZm _m{hVrMr, B©boŠQ´>m°{ZH$ dmMZgm{hË`mMr XodKod H$ê$ eH$Vrb. {ejH$hr Aem Šb~Ûmao Ë`m§À`mH$S>rb AÜ``Zgm{hË` {dÚmÏ`mªn`ªV nmohMdy eH$Vrb. A§Xm{OV àdmh : {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m AÜ``Z AZw^dmMo _moO_mn H$aÊ`mgmR>r VgoM Ë`m§À`m AÜ``ZmMo _yë`_mnZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r ZdrZ àH$maÀ`m So>Q>mMm dmna H$aÊ`mH$So> gÜ`m A{YH$ H$b Amho Ago EZE_gr hmoam`PZ AhdmbmV Z_yX Ho$bo Amho. e¡j{UH$ _yë`_mnZmgmR>r ZmdrÝ`nyU© V§Ìo Am{U gmYZo {dH${gV H$aÊ`mMm {ejUVÁk gmVË`mZo à`ËZ H$aV Ambobo AmhoV. AmOÀ`m Am°ZbmB©Z dmVmdaUmV {dÚmWu Am{U {ejH$ A{YH$m{YH$ So>Q>m g§JUH$mXr `§Ìm§À`m gmhmæ`mZo {_idrV AmhoV; So>Q>mMm g§Jh« H$aV AmhoV. Aem So>Q>m_Üò {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m AÜ``ZmMr XS>bobr d¡{eîQ>ço, bjUo Am{U Ë`mVrb n°Q>Z© emoYÊ`mgmR>r _moO_mnmMo ñd`§M{bV ZdrZ gmYZo/ A°ng² dm Akmdbr {dH${gV H$aÊ`mH$So> gÜ`m A{YH$ H$b {XgVmo. Aem gmYZm§Mm dmna H$ê$Z AÜ``Z So>Q>mMo {díbofU H$aÊ`mdahr gÜ`m â {Xbm OmVmo. AÜ``Z So>Q>mÀ`m {díbofUmMo {ZîH$f© AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ nÕVrV gwYmaUm H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmnabo OmVmV. AÜ``Z So>Q>mMo g§JUH$sH¥$V g§H$bZ Am{U {díbofU H$aÊ`mÀ`m `§ÌUog AÜ``Z {díbofHo$ (Learning Analytics) Ago åhQ>bo OmVo. AÜ``Z {díbofH$m§Zm "_yë`_mnZmMr © . AÜ``Z {díbofHo$ So>Q>mào[aV Cn`moOHo$' (Evaluation Apps) Agohr åhUVm òBb AgVmV åhUOoM So>Q>mda AmYm[aV AgVmV. AÜ``Z {díbofHo$ åhUOoM "{~J So>Q>m'Mo e¡j{UH$ Cn`moOZ Amho Ago EZE_gr hmoam`PZ AhdmbmV gm§{JVbo Amho. WmoS>Š`mV, AÜ``Z Am{U _yë`_mnZmgmR>r g§JUH$mYm[aV So>Q>mMo _moR>çm à_mUmda Cn`moOZ gÜ`m hmoV Amho. H$moUH$moUË`m àH$maÀ`m So>Q>mMo {díbofU AÜ``Z {díbofH$m§Ûmao H$aVm òVo ho EZE_gr hmoam`PZ AhdmbmV gm§{JVbo Amho. VgoM AÜ``Z {díbofH$mMo \$m`Xohr ñnîQ> Ho$bo AmhoV. e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Mm à{VgmX : {ejH$ {dÚmÏ`mªZm AÜ``ZmgmR>r _XV H$aVmV. Ë`mMà_mUo J«W§ mbòhr {dÚmÏ`mªZm AÜ``ZmgmR>r _XV H$aV AgVmV. {dÚmWu {ejH$m§H$Sy>Z {eH$VmV. Ë`mMà_mUo Vo J«§Wmb`rZ gmYZo Am{U godm§Ûmaohr {eH$VmV. `mà_mUo {ejH$ {dÚmÏ`mªMm AÜ``Z So>Q>m _yë`_mnZmgmR>r dmnaVmV Ë`mMà_mUo J«§WmbògwÕm ({dÚmÏ`mªMm) {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m J«§Wmb` dmnamMo _yë`_mnZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r J«§Wmb` dmnaMm So>Q>m Cn`moJmV AmUy eH$VmV. VgoM J«§Wmb` dmnaMm So>Q>m {dMmamV KoD$Z J«§Wmb`mMohr _hÎd AYmoao{IV H$ê$ eH$VmV. J«W§ mb`rZ JwV§ dUwH$sdarb naVdm (Z\$m) (Return on Investment - ROI) _moOÊ`mgmR>r hr J«§Wmbò J«§Wmb` dmnaMm So>Q>m Cn`moJmV AmUV AmhoV ho Imbrb CXmhaUm§dê$Z bjmV òVo. J«§Wmb`mMo e¡j{UH$ à{H«$òVrb _hÎd nQ>dyZ XoVm `mdo `mgmR>r J«§Wmbò Jw§VdUwH$sdarb naVdm _moOÊ`mMo ZdZdrZ {ZH$f emoYV AmhoV/ V`ma H$aV AmhoV. ho {ZH$f ~hwVm§eH$ê$Z nwT>rb ~m~tda AmYm[aV AgVmV. kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 14 kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 15 3. So>Q>mào[aV AÜ``Z Am{U _yë`_mnZmMm dmT>Vm dmna (Rise of Data-driven Learning and Assessment) (1) {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m narjoVrb JwUm§_Üò Pmbobo dmT>. Ë`mÀ`m EH§$XarV ì`{º$_ÎdmV Pmbobm {dH$mg. (2) AÜ`mnH$m§À`m g§emoYZ boIm§_Üò Pmbobr dmT>. VgoM Ë`m§Mm boI N>mnboë`m {Z`VH$m{bH$mMm B§nŠ° Q> \°$ŠQ>a_Üò Am{U Ë`mÀ`m EM-B§S>o Šg `m_Üò Pmbobr dmT>. (3) _hm{dÚmb`mbm/{dÚmnrR>mbm Z°H$H$Sy>Z {_imbobr loUr, BË`mXr. {dÚmÏ`mªMm J«W§ mb` dmnamMm So>Q>m dmnê$Z J«W§ mb`mMm JwV§ dUwH$sdarb naVdm _moOÊ`mMr ñ\w$Vu EZE_gr hmoam`PZ AhdmbmVrb àdmhmdê$Z {_iy eH$Vo. Agm So>Q>m dmnê$Z J«W§ mb`mÀ`m JwV§ dUwH$sdarb naVdm _moOÊ`mMo à`ËZ gÜ`m AZoH$ g§ñWm H$aV AmhoV. CXhaUmW©, Kingma Am{U McClure (In press) `m§Zr {ga°Hw$O `w{Zìh©{gQ>r bm`~«arÀ`m Jw§VdUwH$sdarb naVmdm _moObm. hm naVmdm _moOÊ`mgmR>r `m XmoZ g§emoYH$m§Zr Contingent Valuation nÕVrMm dmna Ho$bm. gXa J«W§ mb`mÀ`m EH$m S>m°baÀ`m Jw§VdUwH$sda 4.49 S>m°ba naVdm {_iVmo Ago `m g§emoYH$m§Zr {gÕ Ho$bo. Jw§VdUwH$sdarb naVdm _moOÊ`mgmR>r AZoH$ J«§Wmbò LibQUAL + ROI `mhr àmê$nmMm dmna H$aV AmhoV (Lewin and Passonneau, 2012). {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m e¡j{UH$ àJVrda J«W§ mb` dmnamMm gH$mamË_H$ n[aUm_ hmoVmo ho Soria, Fransen and Nackerud (2013) `m§Zr XmIdyZ {Xbo Amho. `mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr `w{Zìh©{gQ>r Am°\$ {_{ZgmoQ>m òWrb nXdrÀ`m n{hë`m dJm©Vrb {dÚmÏ`mªMm Aä`mg Ho$bm. J«W§ mb`mMm dmna H$aUmè`m `m {dÚmÏ`mªZm, dmna Z H$aUmè`m `m {dÚmÏ`mªnj o m narjoV OmñV JwU {_iVmV Ago `m g§emoYH$m§Zm AmT>ibo. `m{edm` {dÚmÏ`mªZm Ë`m§Mr e¡j{UH$ Üò`-YmoaUo gmÜ` H$aUo eŠ` ìhmdo VgoM e¡j{UH$ JwUdÎmm dmT>{dVm `mdr `mgmR>r e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mbò {d{dY AÜ``Z ì`yhaMZm Am{U _yë`_mnZ nÕVtMm Adb§~ H$aV AmhoV (Gilchrist, Debra and Oakleaf, Megan, 2012). {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m AÜ``Z H¥$VtMm So>Q>m g§H${bV H$aÊ`mMr gw{dYm AZoH$ g§JUH$sH¥$V AÜ``Z ì`dñWmnZ nÕVt_Üò (Learning Management Systems) AgVo. `m So>Q>mMm dmna H$ê$Z YmoŠ`mÀ`m nmVirImbrb {dÚmWu AmoiIUo eŠ` hmoVo. AÜ``Z {díbofH$m§Mm dmna H$ê$Z J«§WmbògwÕm èñdrnUo Aä`mg H$aUmao {dÚmWu VgoM AÜ``ZmV AS>IiUmao {dÚmWu emoYy eH$VmV. AÜ``Z {díbofH$m§À`m {ZîH$fmªYmao J«§Wmbò AS>IiUmè`m `m Am{U BVa {dÚmWmªgmR>r> ì`{º$JV J«§Wmb` godm {dH${gV H$ê$ eH$Vrb. darb gd© {díbofUmdê$Z EH$ ~m~ bjmV òVo, Vr åhUOo e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`mZo {dÚmÏ`mªMm J«§Wmb` dmnamMm So>Q>m g§H${bV Ho$bm n{hOo d J«W§ mb`mMo _yë` ñnîQ> H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m So>Q>mMm dmna Ho$bm nm{hOo. `mgmR>r AÜ``Z {díbofH$m§À`m YaVrda J«W§ mb` {díbofHo$ (Library analytics) V`ma Ho$br nm{hOoV. J«§Wmb` {díbofH$m§Ymao "{~J So>Q>m'Mo J«§Wmb`mV Cn`moOZ H$aUo eŠ` hmoB©b. B©-gm`Ýg bm`~«ar[a`Z{en (E-Science Librarianship), argM© So>Q>m g{d©ggo (Research Data Services -RDS), So>Q>m Š`wae o Z (Data Curation), BË`mXr godm§gmR>r e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmbò So>Q>m ào[aV dmVmdaUmMm bm^ KoD$ eH$VmV. darb ZdrZ Aem J«§Wmb`rZ H$m`mª_Üò ì`mnH$ So>Q>mMo (~rJ So>Q>m) g§H$bZ, Ë`mMo _yë`_mnZ, dJuH$aU, g§KQ>Z, à{Vàmár Ho$bo OmVo d `mo½` So>Q>m, `mo½` AÜ``ZH$Ë`m©g `mo½` doir CnbãY Ho$bm OmVmo. Pollock (2012) `m§À`m _VmZwgma gÜ`m So>Q>m emoYmÀ`m àJV H$m¡eë`m§Zm Iyn _hÎd Ambo Amho. VgoM So>Q>mMo Ñî`rH$aU (Data Visualization), So>Q>m emoY (Data Mining), So>Q>m {díbofU, BË`mXr godm§Zmhr gÜ`m Iyn _mJUr Amho. `m gd© H$m`mªZm EH${ÌVnUo So>Q>m Š`wae o Z (Data Curation) Ago åhUVmV. Pollock `m§À`m _VmZwgma J«W§ nmbm§H$So> So>Q>m Š`wae o Z H$m¡eëò AgVmV d Ë`m_wio Vo `m H$m`m©V gÜ`m _hÎdnyU© ^y{_H$m ~Omdy eH$VmV. gÜ`m So>Q>m Š`wae o ZMo H$m`© _moR>çm à_mUmda d¡km{ZH$ joÌmV hmoV Amho. So>Q>m Š`wae o ZÀ`m H$m`m©_i w o Pollock J«W§ nmbm§Zm d¡km{ZH$ _m{hVrk (Science Informationist) Ago åhUVmV. d¡km{ZH$ _m{hVrk åhUOo d¡km{ZH$ So>Q>m Š`wae o Z_Üò g{H«$` Agbobm J«W§ nmb. _mÂ`m _VmZwgma Aem So>Q>m Š`wae o Z H$aUmè`m ì`º$sbm "So>Q>m J«W§ nmb' åhUUo OmñV g§`pw ŠVH$ hmoBb © . d¡km{ZH$ _m{hVrk qH$dm d¡km{ZH$ So>Q>mVk So>Q>m V`ma H$aUmè`m `m ì`º$sÀ`m åhUOoM g§emoYH$m§À`m ghH$m`m©Zo, _XVrZo H$m`© H$aVmV d _moR>çm à_mUmda So>Q>m g§H${bV H$ê$Z Vmo Cn^moŠË`mZm CnbãY H$aVmV. Aem àH$maMo "~rJ So>Q>m'Mo dmVmdaU {Xdg|{Xdg {dñVmaV Amho. `mMo lo` gÜ`mÀ`m So>Q>mào[aV Midirbm OmVo. gÜ`m H$mhr {df`m§_Üò VwbZoZo So>Q>mMm A{YH$ dmna hmoV Amho. Aem {df`m§Zm So>Q>m_` {dkmZ qH$dm "So>Q>m_` {df`' (Data Intensive Science) Ago åhQ>bo OmVo. So>Q>m_` {dkmZm_wio d¡km{ZH$m§nwTo> So>Q>m ì`dñWmnZmMo AmìhmZ Cô am{hbo Amho (Tenopir Birch and Allard, 2012). So>Q>m_` {df`m§À`m `mo½` hmVmiUrgmR>r So>Q>m ì`dñWmnZ H$m¡eë`m§Mr JaO AgVo. Aer H$m¡eëò d¡km{ZH$m§H$So> AgVrbM kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 16 kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 17 Ago Zmhr. VgoM Ë`m§À`mH$So> So>Q>m ì`dñWmnZmgmR>r doi Am{U à{ejUhr Agob Ago Zmhr. J«§Wnmbm§H$So> _mÌ hr H$m¡eëò AgVmVM Am{U åhUyZ So>Q>m_` {df`m§_wio J«§Wnmbm§Zm "So>Q>m emoY J«§Wnmb' åhUyZ H$m`© H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr {Z_m©U Pmbr Amho Ago Tenopir Birch Am{U Allard `m§Zm dmQ>Vo. J«§Wnmb Ë`m§À`m _m{hVr g§KQ>Z Am{U _m{hVr emoY H$m¡eë`m§_wio So>Q>mMo CÎm_ ì`dñWmnZ H$ê$ eH$VmV. VgoM Ë`mgmR>r Cƒ XOm©À`m nm`m^yV gw{dYm {Z_m©U H$ê$ eH$VmV Am{U So>Q>m{df`H$ g„mhr XoD$ eH$VmV. WmoS>Š`mV, gÜ`mÀ`m So>Q>m ào[aV Cƒ {ejUmÀ`m dmVmdaUmV J«§Wnmb "g§emoYZ So>Q>mgodm' (Research Data Services) XoD$ eH$VmV. So>Q>m ào[aV dmVmdaUm_Üò So>Q>m Š`wae o Z H$m`m©Vrb AmìhmZo dmT>V AmhoV; So>Q>mg§~Y§ r ZdrZ à_mUHo$ V`ma hmoV AmhoV; So>Q>m g§J«{hH$m§Mr (Data Repositories) g§»`m gVV dmT>V Amho. VgoM So>Q>m ì`dñWmnZmgmR>r ŠbmD$S> V§ÌkmZmMm dmna dmT>V Amho. Aem `m So>Q>m ào[aV, So>Q>m à^m{dV, So>Q>m Cn`moOZmÀ`m dmVmdaUmV J«§Wnmb g§emoYH$m§À`m _XVrZo So>Q>m ì`dñWmnZm_Üò, So>Q>mgodm XoÊ`m_Üò A{YH$ Cn`wº$ ^y{_H$m ~Omdy eH$VmV Ago ^m{H$V 2012 _Üò Ho$bo Jobo hmoVo. So>Q>m ào[aV, So>Q>m à^m{dV dmVmdaUm_wio ^{dî`mV So > Q > m g§ n Îmrdr g§ a MZm (Data Asset Framework) (http:// 4. _m{hVrMm Cn^moº$m Vo _m{hVrMm {Z_m©Vm - Agm {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m ^y{_Ho$Vrb ~Xb (Shift from students as consumers to Students as Creators) Amho. Aem gmYZm§À`m _XVrZo {dÚmÏ`mªMo A{YH$ n[aUm_H$maH$ _yë`_mnZ H$aUo eŠ` hmoBb © . J«W§ mbògÕ w m So>Q>m g§nVrdr g§aMZm gmYZm§Mm dmna H$ê$ eH$Vrb. Aem gmYZm§Mm dmna H$ê$Z J«§Wmbò g§emoYZ So>Q>m g§H${bV H$ê$ eH$Vrb, So>Q>mMo g§J«hU Am{U dU©Z (Metadata) H$ê$ eH$Vrb Am{U So>Q>m godm XoD$ eH$Vrb. So>Q>m ào[aV Cƒ {ejU dmVmdaUmV J«W§ mb`m§Mr ^y{_H$m AYmoa{o IV H$aÊ`mgmR>r 2012 _Üò ARCL Zo g{H«$` _yë`_mnZ (Assessment in Action) hm CnH«$_ H$m`m©pÝdV Ho$bm. àËòH$ e¡j{UH$ g§ñWoMo {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m AÜ``Z Am{U àJVr~m~V {ZpíMV Üò` AgVo. ho Üò` gmÜ` H$aÊ`m_Üò J«W§ mbò _hÎdmMr ^y{_H$m ~OmdVmV ho J«§Wnmbm§Zm Zm|X{dVm Ambo nm{hOo d Vo g§~§{YVm§n`ªV nmohMdVm Ambo nm{hOo. {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m èpñdVoVrb e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mb`mMo `moJXmZ Zm|X{dÊ`mMr Am{U Vo g§à{o fV H$aÊ`mMr j_Vm J«W§ nmbm§_Üò {Z_m©U H$aUo ho ARCL À`m g{H«$` _yë`_mnZ CnH«$_mMo EH$ C{Ôï> Amho. A§Xm{OV àdmh : nwT>rb VrZ Vo nmM dfmªV {dÚmWu _moR>çm à_mUmda _m{hVr {Z_m©U H$ê$ bmJVrb Ago ^{dî` EZE_gr hmoam`PZ AhdmbmZo dV©{dbo Amho. åhUOoM {dÚmWu AmVm _m{hVrMo Ho$di Cn^moºo$ Z amhVm _m{hVrMo {Z_m©VonU hmoUma AmhoV. e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Mm à{VgmX : g§emoYZmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ {dÚmWu _m{hVr {Z_m©U H$aVmV. J«§Wmbò {dÚmÏ`mªZm _m{hVr {Z{_©Vr_Üò _XV H$ê$ eH$VmV. VgoM Ë`m§Mo g§emoYZ àH$m{eV H$aÊ`m_Üòhr _XV H$ê$ eH$VmV. `m H$m`m©_Üò J«§Wmbò g{H«$` AmhoV `mMr AZoH$ CXmhaUo AmT>iVmV. CXmhaUmW©, g§emoYZm_Üò J«§Wmbò {dÚmÏ`mªZm H$m` Am{U H$er _XV H$aVmV `m~m~V Hensley, Shreeves, and Davis-Kahl (In press) `m§Zr Ho$boë`m gdo©jUmV Ago AmT>ibo H$s, J«§Wmbò {dÚmÏ`mªZm Ë`m§Mo g§emoYZ g§ào{fV H$aÊ`m_Üò, àH$m{eV H$aÊ`m_Üò n[anyU© _XV H$aVmV. Hensley Am{U Ë`m§À`m ghboIH$m§Mo Agohr _V Amho H$s, {dÚmWu AmVm _m{hVrMm {Z_m©Vm Pmë`m_wio Ë`mbm ~m¡{ÕH$ g§nXm A{YH$ma, H$m°nramB©Q>, _mo\$V B©boŠQ´>m°{ZH$ dmMZgm{hË`mMm dmna BË`mXt~m~V A{YH¥$V, `mo½` d n[anyU© _m{hVr AgUo JaOoMo Pmbo Amho. _m{hVr gmjaVm CnH«$_m§Ûmao J«W§ mbò g§emoYH$-{dÚmÏ`mªZm _m{hVr {Z_m©U H$aÊ`m_Üò Am{U Vr g§à{o fV H$aÊ`m_Üò _XV H$ê$ eH$VmV. _m{hVr {Z_m©U H$aÊ`m_Üò Am{U Vr g§ào{fV H$aÊ`m_Üò J«§Wmbò {dÚmÏ`mªZm _XV H$aVmV `mMo AmUIr EH$ CXhmaU åhUOo Library Publishing Coalition. hr J«W§ mb`àH$meZ`wVr Educopia Institute (2013) `m§À`m ghH$m`m©Zo H$m`© H$aV Amho. dmMZgm{hË` àH$meZmV J«§Wmb`m§Mm gh^mJ dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r H$m`© H$aUmè`m `m `wVr_Üò gÜ`m 50 nojm OmñV e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmbò gh^mJr AmhoV. H$mhr J«§Wmbò {dH$sO V`ma H$ê$Z {dÚmÏ`mªZm _m{hVr {Z_m©U H$aÊ`m_Üò Am{U Vr g§à{o fV H$aÊ`m_Üò _XV H$aV AmhoV. WmoS>Š`mV, Herther (2013) `m§Zr åhQ>ë`mà_mUo Am°ZbmB©Z npãbqeJ Am{U _mo\$V B©boŠQ´>m°{ZH$ dmMZgm{hË` àH$meZmMr Midi `m_wio J«W§ mb`m§Zm ZmdrÝ`nyU© H$m`© H$aÊ`mMr ZdrZ g§Yr {_iV Amho d hr g§Yr {Xdg|{Xdg d¥qÕJV hmoV Amho. `m g§Yr_wio J«§Wmbò {dÚmÏ`mªZm _m{hVr {Z{_©Vr_Üò Am{U Vr g§ào{fV H$aÊ`m_Üò _XV H$ê$ eH$VmV ho {gÕ H$aUo eŠ` hmoV Amho. {dÚmÏ`mªZm kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 18 kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 19 www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/repository-audit-and-assessment/dataasset-framework) gmaIr gmYZo {Z_m©U hmoVrb Aer Anojm ì`º$ H$aÊ`mV òV dmMZgm{hË` àH$meZmV _XV H$aÊ`mÀ`m J«§Wmb`mÀ`m g§Yr~m~V ACRL À`m Educopia Institute (2012) Zo g_mYZ ì`º$ Ho$bo Amho. VgoM H$mhr Bemamhr {Xbm Amho. ACRL Mr Research Planning and Review Committee (2012) åhUVo H$s, {dÛV g§àfo UmMr Am{U àH$meZmMr ZmdrZ àmê$no AË`§V doJmZo {Z_m©U hmoV AmhoV. `m_Üò J«§Wmb`m§Zr g{H«$` gh^mJ KoVbm nm{hOo AÝ`Wm Vo `m à{H«$òVyZ ~mOybm Q>mH$bo OmD$ eH$VmV. BVam§Mo g§emoYZgm{hË` ZrVrnyd©H$ H$go dmnamdo `mgmR>r J«W§ mbò AÜ`mnH$m§Zm _mJ©Xe©Z H$aV AmhoV. VgoM Ë`m§À`m boIm§À`m àH$meZmgmR>r `mo½` {Z`VH$m{bH$ {ZdS>Ê`m_Üòhr _XV H$aV AmhoV. hr na§nam nwTo> gwê$ Ro>dV J«W§ mb`m§Zr AmVm {dÚmÏ`mªZmhr dmMZgm{hË` ZrVrnydH© $ dmnaÊ`m_Üò VgoM `mo½` àH$meZ _mÜ`_ {ZdS>Ê`m_Üò _XV H$amdr. gÜ`m g§emoYZmgmR>r {d{dY àH$maMr B©boŠQ´>m°{ZH$ / {S>{OQ>b gmYZo Cn`wº$ R>aV AmhoV. `m gmYZm§Zm B©-g§emoYZ gmYZo Ago åhUVmV. `m_Üò ‘Google Docs’(docs.google.com); ‘SurveyMonkey’ (www.surveymonkey.com) BË`mXtMm g_mdoe hmoVmo. Aem àH$maMr B©-g§emoYZ gmYZo H$er dmnam{dV `m~m~V _mJ©Xe©Z H$ê$Z J«§Wmbò {dÚmÏ`mªZm _m{hVr {Z{_©VrV _XV H$ê$ eH$VmV. g§emoYZ boIm§_Üò Úmd`mÀ`m g§X^mªÀ`m ì`dñWmnZmgmR>r AmVm AZoH$ g§X^© ì`dñWmnZ gmYZo (Reference Management Tools) {dH${gV H$aÊ`mV Ambr AmhoV. ‘Zotero’ (www.zotero.org), ‘RefWork’ (www.refworks.com) hr Ë`m§Mr CXhmaUo AmhoV. g§X^© ì`dñWmnZ gmYZo H$er dmnamdrV `m~m~V à{ejU CnH«$_ am~dyZ J«§Wmbò {dÚmÏ`mªZm _m{hVr {Z{_©Vr_Üò (_m{hVr àH$m{eV H$aÊ`m_Üò) _XV H$ê$ eH$VmV. n{hë`m§XmM _m{hVr {Z_m©U H$aV Agboë`m {dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r _m{hVr gmjaVm CnH«$_ am~dyZ J«§Wmbò Aem {dÚmÏ`mªZm _m{hVr {Z{_©Vr_Üò ~hw_mob _XV H$ê$ eH$VmV. 5. ~Xbm~m~VMm doJdmZ Ñ{ï>H$moZ (Agile Approach to Change) {ejUH«$_, Aä`mgH«$_, AÜ``Z V§Ì Am{U _yë`_mnZ nÕVr `m gdmª_Üò A_ybmJ« ~Xb H$amdo bmJVrb. VgoM ho ~Xb doJmZo Am{U ~w{ÕMmVw`m©Zo H$amdo bmJVrb. Á`m Cƒ {ejU g§ñWm Aem àH$maMo doJdmZ ~Xb H$aUma ZmhrV, Ë`m g§ñWm `m gVV ~XbUmè`m `m OJm_Üò VJ Yê$ eH$Uma ZmhrV. `mMr OmUrd Pmë`m_wio ~hwVm§e Cƒ {ejU g§ñWm gmVË`mZo, doJmZo, hwemarZo ~Xb H$aV AmhoV. e¡j{UH$ J«W § mb`m§Mm à{VgmX : Cƒ {ejU g§ñWm§_Yrb ~Xbmbm AZwgê$Z Ë`mVrb J«W§ mbògÕ w m doJmZo ~XbV AmhoV, {dH$mg H$aV AmhoV. e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mb`m§Mr Joë`m 20 dfmªVrb dmQ>Mmb Aä`mgbr Va bjmV òVo H$s, Ë`m§Zr Cƒ {ejUmVrb ~Xbmg gH$mamË_H$ à{VgmX {Xbobm Amho. `m à{VgmXmMmM ^mJ åhUyZ e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Zr Ë`m§À`m YmoaUm§_Üò, CnH«$_m§_Üò Am{U godm§_Üò gmVË`mZo `mo½` Ago ~Xb Ho$bo AmhoV. EdTo>M ZmhrVa doJdmZ ~XbmMo nwañH$Vo© åhUyZ J«§Wnmbm§Zr J«W§ mb`m§_Üò AZoH$ ~Xb Ho$bo AmhoV. Ogo, J«W§ mb`m§Mo g§JUH$sH$aU Ho$bo Amho; B©dmMZgm{hË` Cn{O©V H$ê$Z Vo dmMH$m§Zm CnbãY H$aV AmhoV; B§Q>aZoQ>Ym[aV godm nwadrV AmhoV; B_maV, \${Z©Ma Am{U BVa nm`m^yV gw{dYm§Mo ZyVZrH$aU Ho$bo Amho. J«§Wmb`m§À`m ~XbmÀ`m doJdmZ Ñ{ï>H$moZmda Brian Mathews (Mathews, 2012) `m§Zr {eŠH$m_moV©~ Ho$bo Amho. Ë`m§À`m ‘Think Like a Startup: A w White Paper to Inspire Library Entrepreneurialism’ `m boIm_Üò _°WO åhUVmV H$s, J«§Wmnmbm§Zr Zoh_rM doJdmZ ~XbmMm Ñ{ï>H$moZ ñdrH$mabobm Amho. Ë`m§À`m {dMmamÀ`m g_W©ZmW© _°WO w nwT>o Agohr åhUVmV H$s, AmnU CÎm_[aVrZo H$aV Agbobo H$m`© H$aV amhÊ`mnojm Ano{jV JaOm§À`m nyVV© go mR>r gVV ZdrZ g§Yr emoYV am{hbmo AmhmoV. Ago Agbo Varhr e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mb`m§Zr doJdmZ ~XbmMm Ü`mg `mnwT>ho r YabmM nmhrOo. 6. bdMrH$ {ejU nÕVrMm Adb§~ (Flipped Classroom) A§Xm{OV àdmh : nwT>rb nmM dfmª_Üò Cƒ {ejU g§ñWm doJmZo ~Xb H$aVrb Ago EZE_gr hmoam`PZ AhdmbmÀ`m VÁkm§Zm dmQ>Vo. hm ~Xb doJdmZ Va AgobM {edm` Vmo ghO ~Xb Agob. Agm ~Xb AË`§V ~w{ÕdmZ nÕVrZo Ho$bm OmB©b. AWm©VM ~XbË`m n[apñWVrV {Q>Hy$Z amhÊ`mgmR>r Cƒ {ejU g§ñWm§Zm Ë`m§Mo A§Xm{OV àdmh : nwT>rb EH$ qH$dm Ë`mhrnojm H$_r H$mbmdYrV bdMrH$ AÜ``Z g§H$ënZoMm _moR>çm à_mUmda Adb§~ Ho$bm OmB©b Agm A§XmO EZE_gr hmoam`PZ AhdmbmV ì`º$ Ho$bm Amho. `m AhdmbmZwgma bdMrH$ {ejU hr {_l (Blended) Am{U JaOmYm[aV {ejU ì`dñWm Amho. hr {ejU ì`dñWm bdMrH$VoZ,o g{H«$`VoZo Am{U CËñ\y$V©nUo AÜ``Z H$aÊ`mg Cn`wº$ R>aVo. _wŠV {ejU, kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 20 kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 21 Xya {ejU, MOOC BË`mXr àH$maÀ`m {ejUm_Üò gÜ`m bdMrH$ {ejU `m g§H$ënZoMm dmna hmoV Amho. Neshyba (2013) `m§À`mZwgma Flipping ho EH$ AÜ``Z V§Ì Amho. `m_Üò na§n[aH$ ì`m»`mZ nÕVrMm A{O~mV dmna Ho$bm OmV Zmhr qH$dm H$_r dmna Ho$bm OmVmo. bdMrH$ {ejUmV nma§n[aH$ nÕVrEodOr A§Va{H«$`mË_H$ (Interactive) Ñ{ï>H$moZmMm Am{U V§ÌkmZmMm dmna Ho$bm OmVmo. `m {ejU nÕVrV {dÚmÏ`mªZm dJm©~mhoê$Z _m{hVr g§H${bV H$aÊ`mg àmoËgmhZ {Xbo OmVo d dJm©V `m _m{hVrAYm[aV MMm©, `w{º$dmX H$aÊ`mg _XV Ho$br OmVo, àmoËgmhZ {Xbo OmVo. bdMrH$Vo_i w o `m {ejU nÕVrg {dÚmÏ`mªMr A{YH$ ng§Vr Am{U à{VgmX {_iV Amho. Daley (2013) `m§À`m g§emoYZmZwgma University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, òWrb 86 Q>¸o$$ {dÚmÏ`mªZr bdMrH$ {ejU nÕVrg ng§Vr Xe©dbr Amho. `mdê$Z Ago åhUVm òB©b H$s, ^{dî`mV `m {ejU nÕVrg A{YH$ _mJUr amhUma Amho. {ejU nÕVrVrb `m ~XbmMm J«§Wmb`m§Zr ~moY KoVbm nm{hOo d Ë`mZwgma Amnë`m H$m`©nÕVrV `mo½` Ago ~Xb Ho$bo nm{hOoV. Ago ~Xb AmUÊ`mgmR>r bdMrH$ J«W§ nmbm§Mr (Flipped Librarians) Amdí`H$Vm Amho (Pinto and Little, 2014). e¡j{UH$ J«W § mb`m§Mm à{VgmX : gÜ`mÀ`m e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mb`m§Zr Ë`m§Mo bdMrH$ J«§Wmb`mV ê$nm§Va H$aÊ`mMr doi AmVm Ambr Amho. `mgmR>r J«§Wmb`m§Zr Ë`m§À`m H$m_H$mOmÀ`m doi_o Üò, g^mgXËdmÀ`m {Z`_m§_Üò, B©bŠo Q´>m{° ZH$ So>Q>m~oggo d A°Šgog H$aÊ`mÀ`m {Z`_m§_Üò bdMrH$Vm AmUbr nm{hOo. dmñV{dH$ nmhVm J«§WnmbZmÀ`m gd©M n¡b_§y Üò bdMrH$VoMm Adb§~ H$ê$Z J«W§ mbò bdMrH$ {ejUmg nyaH$ ^y{_H$m ~Omdy eH$VmV. J«§Wnmbm§ZrgwÕm Ë`m§À`m ^y{_H$m§_Üò bdMrH$Vm AmUbr nm{hOo. bdMrH$ {ejUmÀ`m `wJmV J«W§ nmbm§Zr Ho$di J«W§ nmb EdT>r EH$M ^y{_H$m Z ~OmdVm {d{dY ^y{_H$m ~Omdë`m nm{hOoV. Ogo, So>Q>m emoY VÁk, dmMZ g„mJma, dmMZgm{hË` dmnaÊ`m~m~VMm _mJJ©Xe©H$, boIZ g„mJma, {dÚmÏ`m©Mm àH$meZ _mJ©Xe©H$, So>Q>m Š`waoQ>a, BË`mXr. 7. Ioi Am{U IoirH$aU (Game and Gamification) A§Xm{OV àdmh : nma§n[aH$Ñïçm Ioi ho EH$ _Zmoa§OZmMo gmYZ Amho. AbrH$S>À`m H$mimV _mÌ {ejUVÁk IoimÀ`m e¡j{UH$ _yë`m§H$So> A{YH$ AmH${f©V kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 22 Pmbo AmhoV. AmVm Ioi Am{U IoimMm {dH$mg `mgmR>r g§JUH$ V§ÌkmZmMm A{YH$m{YH$ dmna hmoV Amho. g§JUH$ V§ÌkmZmÀ`m Cn`moOZm_wio Ioim§Mo e¡j{UH$ _yë` dmT>V Amho. {d{eï> H$m`m©Mr n[aUm_H$maH$Vm dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r IoimÀ`m VÎdm§Mm Am{U V§ÌmMm dmna H$aUo åhUOo IoirH$aU (Gamification). EZE_gr hmoam`PZ AhdmbZwgma nwT>rb XmoZ Vo VrZ dfmªV Ioi Am{U IoirH$aU hm Cƒ {ejUmVrb EH$ à_wI ZmdrÝ`nyU© n¡by Agob. e¡j{UH$ J«W § mb`m§Mm à{VgmX : Cƒ {ejUmV Ioi Am{U IoirH$aUmÀ`m (Gamification) dmnamg J«§Wmbò gH$mamË_H$ à{VgmX XoV AmhoV. CXmhaUmW©, Fusich, et. al. (2011) `m§Zr gm§{JVë`mà_mUo California State UniversityFresno (Fresno State) òWrb Henry Madden J«W § mb`mZo HML-IQ ZmdmMm J«§Wmb`mMm n[aM` H$ê$Z XoÊ`mgmR>rMm Ioi V`ma Ho$bm Amho. `m IoimÛmao Henry Madden J«§Wmb` {dÚmÏ`mªZm J«§Wmb`rZ gmYZo Am{U godm§~m~V n[a{MV H$aV Amho. `mMà_mUo North Carolina State University À`m J«§Wmb`mZogwÕm IoirH$aUmMm dmna H$ê$Z J«§Wmb` à{ejUmgmR>r ‘Scavenger hunt’ hm Ioi V`ma Ho$bm Amho. `mMm dmna H$ê$Z `m J«§Wmb`mZo ENG 101 dJm©À`m {dÚmÏ`mªZm èñdrnUo J«§Wmb` à{ejU {Xbo Amho (Burke, Lai and Rogers, 2013). _m{hVr gmjaVogmR>r IoirH$aU n[aUm_H$maH$nUo H$go dmnaVm òB©b ho Becker (2013) `m§Zr ñnï> Ho$bo Amho. Ë`mà_mUo University of Huddersfield J«W§ mb`mZo bo_Zar (Lemontree) ZmdmMm Am°ZbmB©Z Ioi V`ma Ho$bm Amho (Walsh, 2011). `m IoimÛmao {dÚmWu Ë`m§À`m àËòH$ J«W§ XodKodr~amo~a H$mhr JwU dm {MÝh (badges) {_idy eH$VmV. {dÛÎmoMo àVrH$ åhUyZ ho JwU dm {MÝh {dÚmWu Ë`m§À`m \o$g~wH$ dm {Q‰>Q>ada àX{e©V H$ê$ eH$VmV. ho JwU dm {MÝh à{Vðo>Mo g_Obo OmV Agë`m_wio A{YH$ J«W§ XodKod H$ê$Z A{YH$ JwU /{MÝh {_i{dÊ`mMm {dÚmÏ`m©Mm à`ËZ AgVmo. IoirH$aUmÀ`m J«§Wmb`mVrb Cn`moOZmMr H$mhr CXmhaUo Oar AmT>iV AgVrb VargwÕm Kim (2013) `m§Zr åhQ>ë`mà_mUo J«§Wmb`rZ IoirH$aU (Library Gamification) ho gÜ`m àmW{_H$ AdñWoV Amho. èñdr J«W § mb`rZ IoirH$aUmgmR>r {ZpíMV Üò`, `mo½` {Z`moOZ Am{U H$m¡eë`nyU© A§_b~OmdUr Amdí`H$ Amho Ago {H$_ `m§Zm dmQ>Vo. kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 23 Ioim§Mo e¡j{UH$ _yë` {dMmamV KoD$Z e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Zr g§JUH$sH¥$V e¡j{UH$ Ioi Cnm{O©V H$amdoV d Vo Cn^moŠË`m§Zm CnbãY H$amdoV. VgoM Ë`m§Zr Cnm{O©V Ho$boë`m Am{U B§Q>aZoQ>da _mo\$V CnbãY Agboë`m e¡j{UH$ Ioim§Mo nmoQ>b © hr V`ma H$amdo. g§JUH$sH¥$V e¡j{UH$ Ioi ghOnUo Am{U Ëd[aV CnbãY H$ê$Z e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mbò Amnbo _yë` d{Y©V H$ê$ eH$VmV. 8. ñd`§-_moO_mnZ (Quantified Self) A§Xm{OV àdmh : ì`º$sÀ`m X¡Z§{XZ H¥$VtMm {d{dY gmYZm§À`m gmhmæ`mZo So>Q>m g§H${bV H$aÊ`mÀ`m à{H«$òg ñd`§-_moO_mnZ åhUVmV. EZE_gr hmoam`PZ AhdmbmZwgma nwT>rb Mma Vo nmM dfmªV ñd`§-_moO_mnZ V§ÌmMm Cƒ {ejUmV ì`mnH$ à_mUmV dmna Ho$bm OmB©b. gXa AhdmbmZwgma Aer AZoH$ V§ÌkmZmË_H$ gmYZo {Z_m©U Ho$br OmVrb. `m§Mm dmna H$ê$Z AÜ``ZH$Vm© ñdV:À`m X¡Z{§ XZ AÜ``Zd¥ÎmrMm So>Q>m g§H${bV H$ê$ eHo$b. `m nwT>rb H$mim_Üò earamda YmaU H$aVm òVrb Aer KS>çmio, [añQ>~±S>, ZoH$bog, Mî_o BË`mXr àH$maMr ñd`§-_moO_mnZ gmYZo _moR>çm à_mUmda {dH${gV Ho$br OmVrb. ì`º$sZo ñdV:À`m earamda YmaU Ho$boë`m Vm§{ÌH$ gmYZm§Ûmao Ë`m ì`º$sÀ`m X¡Z{§ XZ d¥ÎmrMm AMyH$nUo Am{U V§VmoVV§ nUo _moO_mn H$aÊ`mÀ`m à{H«$òbm ñd`§-_moO_mnZ (Quantified self) Ago åhUVmV. EZE_gr hmoam`PZ AhdmbmZwgma ñd`§-_moO_mnZ V§ÌmÛmao AÜ`mnH$ {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m AÜ``Z d¥Îmr~m~V BË`§^yV _m{hVr {_idy eH$Vrb. `m _m{hVrMm dmna H$ê$Z AÜ`mnH$ A{YH$ n[aUm_H$maH$ AÜ`mnZ nÕVr {dH${gV H$ê$ eH$Vrb. e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Mm à{VgmX : Amnë`m AÜ``ZmMr n[aUm_H$maH$Vm dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r AÜ`mnH$ {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m X¡Z§{XZ AÜ``ZH¥$Vr OmUyZ KoD$ BpÀN>VmV. Ë`mMà_mUo J«§Wnmbhr Amnë`m Cn^moŠË`m§À`m X¡Z§{XZ J«§Wmb`rZ H¥$Vr OmUyZ KoD$ BpÀN>VmV. {dÚmÏ`mªMo J«§Wmb` dmnaÊ`mMo n°Q>Z© Ë`m§À`m Aä`mgmMo n°Q>Z© J«§Wnmb _mhrV H$ê$Z KoD$ BpÀN>VmV. J«§Wmb` godm§_Üò gwYmaUm H$aÊ`mgmR>r, ZmdrÝ`Vm AmUÊ`mgmR>r Aer _m{hVr J«§Wnmbm§Zm Cn`wº$ R>aVo. `mgmR>r ñd`§-_moO_mnZmMo V§ÌkmZ Am{U gmYZo Cn`wº$ R>ê$ eH$VmV. `m gmYZm§Mm dmna H$ê$Z J«§Wnmb {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m _m{hVremoY dV©ZmMo {ZarjU H$ê$ eH$VmV; J«§Wmb` dmnaMm Aä`mg H$ê$ eH$VmV; VgoM {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m dmMZ gd`rMm So>Q>m g§H${bV H$ê$ eH$VmV. `m kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 24 So>Q>mMm dmna H$ê$Z J«§Wnmb {dÚmÏ`mªMo dmMZ dV©Z OmUyZ KoD$ eH$VmV. ñd`§_moO_mnZ V§Ìo Am{U gmYZm§Mo darb J«§Wmb`rZ Cn`moJ {dMmamV KoD$Z `m V§ÌmMm J«§Wmb`mV H$gm dmna H$aVm òB©b `m~m~V J«§Wmb` ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zr {dMma H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. H$maU gÜ`m `m V§ÌmÀ`m J«W§ mb`rZ dmnamMr CXmhaUo AmT>ibr ZmhrV. gXa boImMr Cn`wº$Vm EZE_gr hmoam`PZ Ahdmb 2014 À`m Amd¥Îmr_Üò Cƒ {ejUmVrb Zdàdmhm§Mm ^{dî`doY KoVbm Amho. Ë`m àdmhm§Zm e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmbò gÜ`m H$gm à{VgmX XoV AmhoV Am{U `mnwTo> Ë`m§Zr H$gm à{VgmX Úmdm `m~m~VMm AmT>mdm gXa boIm_Üò KoVbm Amho. à{VgmX XoUmè`m `m CXmhaUm§Mr MMm©hr Ho$bobr Amho. boImVrb AmT>mdm Am{U MMo©VyZ J«§Wnmb Cƒ {ejUmVrb Zdàdmh OmUyZ KoD$ eH$Vrb. VgoM ~XbË`m n[apñWVrÀ`m g§X^m©V J«§Wmb`mMr ^y{_H$m g_Oy eH$Vrb. {edm` Cƒ {ejUmVrb ZdàdmhmZwgma Ë`m§À`m ^{dî`H$mbrZ à{VgmXmMr {Xem R>ady eH$Vrb. boIm_Üò M{M©bobo ~XbmMo àdmh {dMmamV KoD$Z J«§Wnmb Ë`m§À`m Cn^moŠË`m§gmR>r _m{hVr V§ÌkmZ gmjaVm CnH«$_mMo {Z`moOZ Am{U Am`moOZ H$ê$ eH$Vrb. boImVrb àdmh Am{U MMoÀ© `m AZwfJ§ mZo J«W§ mb` d _m{hVremñÌ {ejUVÁk Ë`m§À`m Aä`mgH«$_m_Üò `mo½` Vo ~Xb H$ê$ eH$Vrb. VgoM Ë`m§À`m AÜ`mnZ Am{U _yë`_mnZ nÕVr_Üò Zm{dÝ`Vm AmUÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$ê$ eH$Vrb. g_mamon gXa boIH$mMr Aer ImÌr Amho H$s, gÜ`mMr e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmbò Cƒ {ejUmVrb ~XbË`m JaOm§Mr ~è`mn¡H$s nyVV© m H$aV AmhoV. Ë`mMdoigo ^{dî`H$mbrZ ~Xbmg AZwê$n godm XoÊ`mMr V`marhr H$aV AmhoV. 2012 _Üò ACRL À`m Research Planning and Review Committee Zo e¡j{UH$ J«§WnmbZmVrb Xhm gdm©ƒ o àdmh Zm|X{dbo AmhoV. Ë`mVrb VrZ àdmh EZE_gr hmoam`PZ AhdmbmVrb àdmhm§er OwiUmao AmhoV. J«W§ mb`mMo _yë` g§à{o fV H$aUo (Communicating value), {dÛV g§àfo UmVrb J«W§ mb`mMr ^y{_H$m (Scholarly communication) Am{U So>Q>m Š`wae o Z_Yrb J«W§ mb`mMr ^y{_H$m ho ACRL À`m AhdmbmVrb VrZ àdmh EZE_gr kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 25 hmoam`PZ AhdmbmVrb AZwH«$_o So>Q>m ào[aV AÜ``Z, {dÚmÏ`m©g-_m{hVrMo {Z_m©Vo Am{U ñd`§-_moO_mnZ `m àdmhmer OwiVmV. EH$m J«§Wmb` g§KmZo Ano{jbobo àdmh Cƒ {ejUmVrb àdmh Aä`mgUmè`m `m EH$m A§Vaamï´>r` g§emoYZ g§ñWoÀ`m àdmhmer OwiVmV. `mMm AW© J«§Wmbò Cƒ {ejUmVrb ~Xbm§Zm CÎm_ à{VgmX XoV AmhoV Agm hmoVmo. _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmMm / e¡j{UH$ V§ÌkmZmMm dmna H$aÊ`mMr H$m¡eëò hr AmOÀ`m J«W§ mnmbm§Mr VmH$X Amho. VgoM V§ÌkmZmMm dmT>Vm dmna hr AmOÀ`m e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Mr VmH$X Amho. `mo½` àH$maMo emoY, ZmdrÝ`Vm Am{U Cƒ {ejUmVrb {dÚmÏ`mªMr dmT>Vr g§»`m hr AmOÀ`m e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Mr g§Yr Amho. da Z_yX Ho$bobr VmH$X Am{U g§Yr VgoM J«W§ mb` d _m{hVremñÌmVrb g§emoYZ Am{U àM{bV n[afXm§_Yrb MMm© `m gdmªÀ`m gmjrZo Ago åhUVm òVo H$s, e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmbò Cƒ {ejUmVrb ~Xbm§Zm g_mYmZH$maH$ à{VgmX XoV AmhoV d nwT>o hr A{YH$ n[aUm_H$maH$ godm XoV amhVrb. 5. Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian, 32 (3), 199-202. 6. 2. 3. A study. The Reference Librarian, 55:1, 74-88, DOI: 10.1080/ 02763877.2014.855604. 7. Burke, Anne; Lai, Adrienne and Rogers, Adam (2013). The North Carolina State University Libraries' Mobile Scavenger Hunt: A case study. In Mobile Library Services: Best Practices. Edited by Charles Harmon, Michael Messina, Maryland, Scarecrow Press, pp. 65-78. 8. Chu, Samuel Kai-Wah and Du, Helen S. (2013). Social networking tools for academic libraries. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science. 45(1), 64-75. DOI: 10.1177/ ACRL Research Planning and Review Committee (2012). 0961000611434361. 9. Colburn, Selene and Haines, Laura 2012 top ten trends in academic libraries. College & Research (2012). Measuring libraries' use of YouTube as a promotional Libraries News, 73 (6). (June 2012): 311–320. http:// tool: An exploratory study and proposed best practices. Journal crln.acrl.org/content/73/6/311.full.pdf+html. of Web Librarianship, 6(1), 5-31. Appleton, Leo; Stevenson, Valerie and Boden, Debbi (2011). 10. Daley, J. (2013).Why 86 percent of UNC-Chapel Hill students Developing learning landscapes: academic libraries driving prefer the flipped classroom. EdTech Magazine. http:// organisational change. Reference Services Review. 39 (3), www.edtechmagazine. com/higher/article/2013/12/why-86- 343-361. percent-unc-chapel-hill-students-prefer-flippedclassroom. Assessment in Action: Academic Libraries and Student (Accessed on 15 March 2014). Success (2012). http://www.ala.org/acrl/AiA. (Accessed on 4. Bhardwaj, Raj Kumar (2014). Use of social networking sites by LIS professionals in higher education institutions in India: g§X^© 1. Becker, Bernd W. (2013). Gamification of library instruction. 11. Data Asset Framework. http://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/ 15th March 2014). repository-audit-and-assessment/data-asset-framework. Beagle, Donald (2012). The emergent information commons: (Accessed on 19 March 2014). Philosophy, models, and 21st century learning paradigms, 12. Del Bosque, D., Leif, S. and Skarl, S. (2012). Libraries atwitter: Journal of Library Administration, 52 (6-7), 518-537, DOI: Trends in academic library tweeting. Reference Services 10.1080/01930826.2012.707951. Review, 40 (2), 199–213. kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 26 kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 27 13. Educopia Institute (2013). Library publishing coalition. http:// 21. 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Joë`m 100 Vo 125 dfmªV hm ì`dgm` OmJ{VH$ ñVamda EH$ à{V{ð>V d g_mO_mÝ` ì`dgm` åhUyZ éObm VgoM ñdV§Ì {dÚmemIoMm XOm© {_idyZ amO_mÝ`hr Pmbm Amho. gÜ`m ^maVmVrb EHy$U 90 {Z`{_V d 5 _wŠV {dÚmnrR>m§V J«§Wmb` Am{U _{hVremó {dÚmemIoVrb à_mUnÌ Vo {dÚmdmMñnVrgh {deof H$m¡eë`mMo {d{dY Aä`mgH«$_ gwê$ AmhoV. Ë`mn¡H$s H$mhr {Z`{_V {dÚmnrR>mV d g§ñWm_Üò nma§n[aH$ VgoM XþañW àUmbrMohr Aä`mgH«$_ gwê$ AgyZ ho gd© Aä`mgH«$_ amï´>r` ñVamda g_H$j AmhoV. kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 31 1. J«W § mb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ Aä`mgH«$_ Aä`mgH«$_ åhUOo e¡j{UH$ C{Ôï>o gmÜ` H$aÊ`mgmR>r V`ma Ho$bobm EH$ gw{Z`mo{OV nmR>çH«$_ hmo`. C{Ôï>o, nmR>çH«$_, nÕVr d _yë`_mnZ ho Aä`mgH«$_mMo Mma KQ>H$ hmoV. {dÚmÏ`mªZm H$m {eH$dmdo, H$m` {eH$dmdo, H$go {eH$dmdo d Oo {eH${dbo Amho Vo {dÚmÏ`m©g {H$VnV kmV Pmbo ho Aä`mgH«$_mÀ`m C{Ôï>,o nmR>çH«$_, nÕVr d _yë`_mnZ `m Mma KQ>H$m§Ûmao ñnï> hmoV.o Aä`mgH«$_mMo VmpÎdH$ d àmË`{jH$ Ago XmoZ àH$ma AgyZ VmpÎdH$ Aä`mgH«$_m_wio kmZmMr nmVir dmT>Vo Va àmË`{jH$ Aä`mgH«$_m_wio kmZmMo Cn`moOZ H$aÊ`mMo H$m¡eë` àmá hmoVo. gm_m{OH$ JaOoà_mUo Aä`mgH«$_mMo AmaoIZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r d amï´>r` ñVamda Aä`mgH«$_mV EH$dmŠ`Vm Agmdr `mgmR>r R>amdrH$ H$mbmZ§Va amï´>r` ñVamda Aä`mgH«$_ nwZa©MZm g{_VrMr ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mV òV.o `m g{_VrÀ`m {e\$maerà_mUoM {d{dY Aä`mgH«$_m§Mr doimodi o r nwZa©MZm H$aÊ`mV òVo. J«W§ nmbZ hm EH$ ì`dgm` Agë`m_wio `m Aä`mgH«$_mV VmpÎdH$ d àmË`{jH$ {df`m§gh ì`mdgm{`H$ H$m`m©Zw^dhr Amdí`H$ Amho. J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ Aä`mgH«$_mMo à_wI C{Ôï> åhUOo "{d{dY àH$maÀ`m J«§Wmb` ì`dñWmnZmgmR>r Amdí`H$ Agbobo H$m¡eë`nyU© _Zwî`~i {dH${gV H$aUo' ho hmo`. BVa gd© Aä`mgH«$_m§à_mUoM `m Aä`mgH«$_mMo {d{dY ñVa, nmR>çH«$_ d C{Ôï>o amï´>r` ñVamda AmaopIV Ho$br OmVmV. ^maVmVrb J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌmÀ`m Aä`mgH«$_mV EH$gyÌVm {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r S>m.° a§JZmWZ `m§Zr AZoH$ à`ËZ Ho$bo. Ë`m_wio 1957 Vo 2001 `m H$mimV ^maVr` AZwXmZ Am`moJmZo ñWmnZ Ho$boë`m ghm J«W§ mb` g{_Ë`m§nH¡ $s VrZ g{_VtZr J«W§ mb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌmÀ`m Aä`mgH«$_mMo {dH$mg AmamISo> gmXa Ho$bobo AmhoV. Ë`mn¡H$s S>m°.H$[a{gXßnm g{_VrZo (2001) `m Aä`mgH«$_mgmR>r Mma ñVa d _moS>çwba nmR>çH«$_mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.Ë`mZ§Va amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo (2005) ñWmnZ Ho$boë`m J«§Wmb` H$m`©JQ>mZo ^maVmVrb J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌmÀ`m {dH$mgmgmR>r AZoH$ _hÎdnyU© {e\$maer ^maV gaH$mabm gmXa Ho$ë`m AmhoV. 2. Aä`mgH«$_mMo ñdê$n ^maVmVrb ñdmV§Í`nyd© d ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mimVrb ~S>moXm (1911), bmhmoa kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 32 (1915), _Ðmg(1920 Vo 1938), ~Zmag (1941), _w§~B©(1943) d {X„r (1948) òWrb J«§Wmb` ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m Aä`mgH«$_m§Mm H$mbmdYr VrZ _{hZo Vo EH$ df© _wXVrMo nX{dH$m ñVamdarb hmoVo. H$mbm¡KmV `m Aä`mgH«$_mV VmpÎdH$ d àmË`{jH$ {df`mV g§»`mË_H$ d JwUmË_H$ ~Xb hmoD$Z Aä`mgH«$_mMo ñdê$nhr {dñVmaV Jobo. S>m°.a§JZmWZ `m§Zr `wZoñH$mo d `wOrgrÀ`m _XVrZo {X„r {dÚmnrR>mV gdmªV àW_ B.Lib.Sc.(1949), M.Lib.Sc.(1949), Ph.D.(1949) d Z§Va M.Phil.(1979) Mo Aä`mgH«$_ gwê$ Ho$bo. Ë`mZ§Va 1960 n`©V ^maVmVrb 15 {dÚmnrR>mV§ darb gd© Aä`mgH«$_ gwê$ Pmbo. na§Vw `m Aä`mgH«$_mV gwgÌy Vm Zgë`m_wio `wOrgrZo S>m°.a§JZmWZ, S>m°.H$m¡bm d S>m°.H$[a{gXßnm `m§À`m AÜ`jVoImbr AZwH«$_o J«§Wmbèmó Aä`mgH«$_ nwZa²nmhUr g{_Vr.(1957-1966) Aä`mgH«$_ {dH$mg g{_Vr (1990-1992) d Aä`mgH«$_ {dH$gZ g{_Vr (1997-2001) Mr ñWmnZm Ho$br. S>m°. a§JZmWZ g{_VrÀ`m AhdmbmV J«§Wmb` à{ejUmMr C{Ôï>o, àdoe nmÌVm d g§emoYZmMm Vnerb {Xë`m_wio J«W§ mb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ `m ñdV§Ì {dÚmemIoMr {Z{_©Vr Pmbr. S>m.° H$m¡bm g{_VrÀ`m Ahdmbm_wio ^maVmVrb gd© {dÚmnrR>mVrb Aä`mgH«$_mV gwgyÌVm Ambr. `m g{_VrZo B.Lib.Sc. d M.Lib.Sc.gmR>r 16 {df` gwM{dbo. S>m.° H$[a{gXßnm g{_VrÀ`m AhdmbmV Aä`mgH«$_mMr {d^mJUr gmV à_wI {d^mJmV Ho$br AgyZ Vmo Mma ñVam§da A_bmV AmUmdm Ago gwM{dbo Amho. VgoM Xÿa{ejU g§ñWmgmR>rhr `mM {e\$maer bmJy H$aÊ`mMr gyMZm Ho$br Amho. {Z`{_V d nma§n[aH$ VgoM Xÿa{ejU àUmbrVrb Aä`mgH«$_mV EH$gyÌVm d g_H$jVm òÊ`mgmR>r H$m¡bm d H$[a{gXßnm g{_VrÀ`m {e\$maer _hÎdnyU© AmhoV. 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Ë`m_wio _hmamï´>mVrb EH$ {Z`{_V d EH$ _wŠV {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m J«W§ mb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ {df`mVrb nXdr d nXì`wÎma Aä`mgH«$_m§Mo VwbZmË_H$ ñdê$n àñVwV g§emoYZmV ñnï> Ho$bo Amho. 3. Vm¡b{ZH$ g§emoYZ nÕVr J«§Wmb`mV KS>Umar àËòH$ Jmoï> hr Vm¡b{ZH$ Aä`mgmMm {df` Amho Ago {g_gmoìhm `m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho. VwbZmË_H$ nÕVr_Üò XmoZ KQ>Zm, nÕVr qH$dm n[apñWVrMm Aä`mg H$aÊ`mV òVmo. Vm¡b{ZH$ nÕVrbm A{Z`§{ÌV àm`mo{JH$ nÕVr Agohr åhQ>bo OmVo. H$maU Vm¡b{ZH$ Aä`mgmVrb KQ>Zm, nÕVr qH$dm n[apñWVr hr KS>V AgVo qH$dm KSy>Z Jobobr Agë`m_wio Ë`mda Aä`mgH$mbm {Z`§ÌU R>odVm òV Zmhr. XmoZ KQ>Zm, dñVy qH$dm nÕVrVrb gmå` d \$aH$ `m§Mo dñVw{Zð> d H$maU_r_m§ggo h dU©Z, àmW{_H$ AZw_mZ d AZw_mZmMr MmMUr `m Jmoï>tZm Vm¡b{ZH$ Aä`mgmV _hÎdmMo ñWmZ Amho Ago hm{d© d S°>ÝQ>Z `m§Mo _V Amho. VgoM Vm¡b{ZH$ Aä`mgmV XmoZ Jmoï>rVrb IarIwar VwbZm, gmå` d \$aH$ `m§Mr H$maUr{__m§gm `m ~m~r Amdí`H$ AmhoV. Ë`m_wio Vm¡b{ZH$ Aä`mg nwT>rb {ZH$fm§À`m AmYmao nyU© H$aUo JaOoMo AgVo. 1.gmå` d \$aH$m~m~VMm àmW{_H$ A§XmO qH$dm AZw_mZ 2.g§~{YV _m{hVrMo g§H$bZ d dU©Z 3._m{hVrMo V§ÌewÕ {díbofU d {M{H$Ëgm. 4.g§H${bV _m{hVrMr g_moamg_moa _m§S>Ur 5.VwbZm 6.H$maU_r_m§gm d {ZîH$f© _m§S>Ur. na§Vw H$moUË`mhr EH$m g§emoYZmV hoo gd© {ZH$f EH$mM doir dmnaVm òV ZmhrV Ago àm.[agdS>H$a `m§Mo åhQ>bo Amho. àñVwV Aä`mgmgmR>r [aMS©> \o$O `m§Zr gwM{dbobr 1. _m{hVrMo dU©Z 2._m{hVrMo AdbmoH$Z 3._m{hVrMr g_moamg_moa _m§S>Ur d 4. _m{hVrMr VwbZm `m nÕVtMm Cn`moJ Ho$bm Amho. VgoM Aä`mgH«$_mMo ñdê$n, VmpÎdH$ d àmË`{jH$ {df`, _yë`_mnZ d {Z`moOZ nÕVr `m Mma KQ>H$m§À`m AmYmao VwbZm Ho$br Amho. kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 34 4.1 C{Ôï>o àñVwV g§emoYZmgmR>r _hmamï>mVrb EH$ {Z`{_V d EH$ _wŠV {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m J«W§ mb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌmVrb nXdr d nXì`wËVa1. Aä`mgH«$_mMr _m{hVr g§H${bV H$aUo. 2. Aä`mgH«$_mVrb g_mZ d Ag_mZ KQ>H$ emoYUo. 3. Aä`mgH«$_ {Z`moOZ d _yë`_mnZ nÕVr OmUyZ KoUo. 4. 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XodYa, {dO` (2010). e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmbò Am{U J«§WnmbZ… dmQ>Mmb EH${dgmì`m eVH$mH$So>. kmZJ§JmoÌr 5(2). bobo, d {d (2012). J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌmVrb {d{dY n¡by. nwUo … `w{Zìhg©b àH$meZ. Murty, S.T. and Sing, S. ed. (2006). Library Education and Research in India. Jaipur : RBSA Publications. 5. 6. 7. gmVmaH$a, gw.à. (2002). J«W§ mb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ Aä`mgH«$_ nwZa©MZm. kmZJ§JmoÌr 3(1). eodmio, _YwH$a (2011). J«§WnmbZmMm B{Vhmg … àmMrZ d AmYw{ZH$ H$mi J«§Wmb`. kmZJ§JmoÌr 13(4). Venkatrama. P. (2012). Change Mangement in New Generation Libraries in II. 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J«§Wmb`rZ g§JUH$s` Amkmdbr_m\©$V ho H$m_ A{YH$ H$m`©j_VoZo hmoD$ eH$Vo. {d{dY àH$maMo Ahdmb Ë`mÛmao àg¥V H$aVm òVmV. {d^mJ{Zhm`-{df`{Zhm` {H$Vr {ZYr n«má Pmbm, {H$Vr IM© Pmbm, {H$Vr {e„H$ Amho, EHy$U {H$Vr J«§W IaoXr Pmbr, {df`{Zhm` {H$Vr Pmbr, {H$Vr àVrV Pmbr `mgmaIo AZoH$ Ahdmb àemg{ZH$Ñï²>`m J«W§ mb`mg Amdí`H$ AgVmV. {dH$mg {d^mJ, {dÎm d A§Ho$jU {d^mJ d e¡j{UH$ {d^mJmÀ`m ~è`mM gm§p»`H$s` _mJÊ`m `m Ahdmbm§_m\©$V nyU© hmoD$ eH$VmV. g§X^© gm{hË` 1) Tucker, J. C. (2004). Collection development for new librarians: -dvice from the trenches. Retrieved January 10, 2013, from UNLV: http://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu 2) Wilson, K. (2006). Computers in Libraries. New Delhi: New Age International Publishers. g_mamon J«§W {ZdS> d J«§W IaoXr hr {O{H$arMr à{H«$`m Amho. {dÚmnrR> J«§Wmb`mÀ`m n[aàoú`mVyZ hr EH$ J{^©V ñdê$nmMo H$m`© Amho. B©-~wŠg Mm ~mob~mbm {H$Vrhr Oar Agbm Var J«§WmgmaIm _w{ÐV àboI Cn^moº²$`mg AOyZhr C{MV d gmo`rMm dmQ>Vmo, ho ZmH$mê$Z MmbUma Zmhr. 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KQ>H$m§{df`rÀ`m AgyZ ZmJ[aH$m§Zm kmZmMo CnmO©Z gwb^ ìhmdo Aer Anojm Amho. (_hÎdmÀ`m g§km … J§W« mb` g§emoYZ {dH$mg, kmZ {Z{_©Vr, Cn`moOZg§ñWm, gm_m{OH$ gh^mJ) kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 56 àñVmdZm ^maVr` J«§Wmb` {dH$mgmMr gwédmV ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimV Pmbr Agbr Var ñdmV§Í`moËVa H$mimV J«W§ mb`rZ gmYZo, godm, godH$ d à{ejU `m§_Üò A_ybmJ« ~Xb Pmbm Amho. ^maVr` J«W§ mb`mg§~Y§ r ñdV§Ì d {bpIV YmoaUm_wio gd©M joÌ§ mV J«W§ mb` hr Amdí`H$ godm _mZÊ`mV Ambr. emgH$s` ñVamda J«§Wmb` {dH$mgmMo à`ËZ OmUrdnydH© $ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. VgoM S>m.° a§JZmWZ `m§À`m à`ËZm_wio ^maVmVrb e¡j{UH$, gmd©O{ZH$ d {deof J«§Wmb`mMr EH$ {d{eï> àUmbr d H$m`©nÕVr àñWm{nV Pmbr Amho. {d{dY e¡j{UH$ Am`moJ n§Mdm{f©H$ `moOZm, {dÚmnrR> AZwXmZ Am`moJ, {d{dY g{_Ë`m d H$m`Xo `m_wio J«W§ mb`rZ ì`dhmamg emgH$s` d gm_m{OH$ AmYma {_imbm Amho. EH$moU{dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m CËVamYm©V _m{hVr V§Ì§ kmZ, g§JUH$ V§Ì§ kmZ d g§àfo U V§§ÌkmZmMm à^md ^maVr` J«§Wmb` jooÌmdahr Pmbm. Ë`m_wio dmMZgm{hË` J«§Wmb` godm d gw{dYm_Üò A_ybmJ« ~Xb Pmbm Amho. _m{hVr V§ÌkmZm_wio _m{hVr H|$Ð åhUyZ _mÝ` Pmbobr J«W§ mbò AmVm EH${dgmì`m eVH$mV kmZ g§gmYZ H§$| Ð ~Zw nmhV AmhoV. {d{eï> Üò`ßŒ«mmárMo _mJ© d H$m`©H«$_mMr ê$naofm åhUOo YmoaU hmo`.n§{S>V Odmhabmb Zohê$ `m§Zr B.g.1957 _Üò emgH$s` YmoaUm_Üò _m{hVr YmoaUmMm g_mdoe Ho$bm. Ë`m_wio {dkmZ V§§ÌkmZ d g_mOemñÌr` g§emoYZmVyZ ZdrZ kmZmÀ`m {Z{_©VrgmR>r g§emoYZ g§ñWm§Mr ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. _m{hVr àgma _mÜ`_mà_mUoM J«§Wmbò _m{hVràgmamMo H$m`© à^mdrnUo H$ê$ eH$VmV. `mgmR>r ^maVr` J«§Wmb` g§K, J«§Wmb` g§KQ>Zm d _m{hVrH§|$Xo´ `m§Zr n[ag§dmXmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ ^maV gaH$mabm ^maVr` J«§Wmb` d _m{hVremñÌ{df`H$ YmoaU R>a{dÊ`mgmR>r àd¥ËV Ho$bo. ^maVr` J«§Wmb` g§K d amOm am__mohZ am°` \$mD$§So>eZ `m§Zr g§`wº$nUo `m YmoaUmMm _gwXm ^maV gaH$mabm B.g.1984 gmXa Ho$bm. Ë`mZ§Va ^maV gaH$maZo {Z`wº$ Ho$boë`m S>m°. S>r.nr. MQ¥>monÜ`m` g{_VrZo `m YmoaUmMm Xhm àH$maUmË_H$ nwZa©{MV _gwXm B.g.1986 gmXa Ho$bm. `m _gwÚmVrb {e\$maerMr A§_b~OmdUr H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$mo_b AmZ§X `m§À`m AÜ`jVoImbr H$m`©H$mar JQ> Zo_Ê`mV Ambm. `m H$m`©H$mar JQ>mÀ`m {e\$maer ^maV gaH$maZo B.g.1992 _Üò ñdrH$maë`m. Aem àH$mao ^maVmMo amï´>r` J«W§ mb` d _m{hVr{df`H$ YmoaU ApñVËdmV Ambo. `m YmoaUm_Üò Xhm kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 57 àH$aUo AgyZ Ë`m_Üò YmoaU{df`H$ CÔoe ^y{_H$m amï´>r` J«§Wmb` nÕVr _m{hVrMo AmYw{ZH$sH$aU Am{W©H$ d _Zwî`~i gw{dYm `m KQ>H$m§Mm g_mdoe Amho. Ë`mZ§Va S>m.° _Z_mohZqgJ `m§Zr kmZm{Yð>rV g_mO d AW©ì`dñWm {Z{_©VrgmR>r amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmMr ñWmnZm Ho$br Amho. 1. amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJ ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mimV ^maVmÀ`m gd© joÌm§V {deofV… {ejUmMm {dH$mg doJmZo Pmbm. gmYmaUnUo 1950 Vo 1970 `m H$mimV nma§n[aH$ {ejU 1970 Vo 1985 `m H$mimV ì`mdgm{`H$ {ejU d 1985 Z§Va BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$, g§JUH$ d _m{hVr g§àfo U V§ÌkmZ {ejUmMm {dH$mg Pmbm. Ë`m_wio OmJ{VH$ ~mOmanoR>Vo ^maVr`m§Zm AZoH$ ZdrZ g§Yr {Z_m©U Pmë`m. S>m°. AéU {ZJdoH$a `m§À`m _Vo"India has contributed value added human power to the world, particularly in the last decade, which has given us new identity." "kmZ {Z{_©VrMr' j_Vm Agbobm Xoe Aer Zdr AmoiI ^maVmbm àmá Pmbr Amho. H$maU EH${dgmì`m eVH$mV kmZ hoM ^m§S>db AgyZ kmZmVyZ g§nËVr {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mMr j_Vm \$º$ {ejU d g§emoYZmV Amho. A_o[aH$Z {dÚmnrR>o {dkmZ d V§ÌkmZ jooÌmV Va OnmZr {dÚmnrR>o g§emoYZmV AJ«oga AmhoV. {dkmZ V§ÌkmZ d g§emoYZm_wio ho XmoZ Xoe OJmV AJ«oga AmhoV. {dH$mgmÀ`m _mJm©da Agboë`m Amnë`m XoemV kmZm{Yð>rV g_mO {Z{_©VrgmR>r amï´>r` ñVamda XÿaJm_r d EH$_wIr {Z`moOZmMr JaO AmoiIyZ amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmMr ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJ åhUOo n§VàYmZm§Mo CƒñVar` g„mJma _§S>i AgyZ kmZm{Yð>rV g_mO d AW©ì`dñWm {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mÀ`m hoVgy mR>r `m Am`moJmMr {Z{_©Vr H$aÊ`mV Ambr. {dH$gZerb XoemV {ejU, kmZ, kmZmnmgyZ g§nËVrMr {Z{_©Vr d AW©H$maU `m§Mo ZdrZ g§X^© ~XbV Amho. kmZmMo g§gmYZ åhUyZ Cn`moJ H$aÊ`mMr j_Vm Á`m XoemV Amho VmoM Xoe OmJ{VH$ ñnY}V {Q>Hy$ eH$Vmo. ^maVmV ZOrH$À`m XeH$mV OJmVrb gdm©{YH$ VéU _Zwî`~imMo g§gmYZ {Z_m©U hmoUma Amho. Ë`m_wio òUmè`m g§YrMm `mo½` Cn`moJ H$ê$Z kmZm{Yð>rV g_mOmMr OmJ{VH$ AmìhmZo nobÊ`mgmR>r {Z`moOZmË_H$ H$m`©H«$_mMr JaO hmoVr. ^maVmV {d{dY e¡j{UH$ ñVa ì`mdgm{`H$ {ejU J«m_rU d gm_m{OH$ {dH$mgmgmR>r doJdoJir _§S>io ApñVËdmV AmhoV. Ë`m§Mr H$m`©jÌo ho r doJdoJir AmhoV. 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Amamo½`, {ejU, H¥$fr, nmUr, COm© d CÚmoJ `m joÌm§V kmZmMo Cn`moOZ gwb^ H$aUo. 7. gj_ àemgZ d g§nH©$ ì`dñWogmR>r _m{hVr d g§àfo U gmYZm§Mm Cn`moJ H$aUo. `m H$m`m©gmR>r kmZ Am`moJmZo gdmªV àW_ {ejUmMm h¸$ ^mfm _mÜ`_ ^mfm§Va kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 58 kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 59 1.1 kmZ Am`moJmMr JaO H$m`© J«§Wmb` kmZ gmYZmMo amï´>r` Omio d CnJ«hr` kmZ _mJ© (Portal) `m ghm joÌm§Mm {dH$mg Amdí`H$ _mZyZ Ë`mgmR>r H$m`©JQ> (Working group) ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. `m H$m`©JQ>mÀ`m AhdmbmÀ`m AmYmao amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo Amnë`m {e\$maer H|$Ð gaH$mabm gmXa Ho$ë`m AmhoV. gÜ`m kmZ Am`moJmMm àñVmd H|$Ð d amÁ` gaH$maÀ`m {dMmamYrZ AgyZ amOñWmZ Amo[agm d Am§Y« `m amÁ`m§_Üò H¥${VH$m`©H$« _mMr ê$naofm V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r {d^mJdma _§S>io ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mV Ambr AmhoV. VgoM amï´>r` kmZ Omio (NKN) amï´>r` Z_wZm nmhUr H$m`m©b` (NSSO) B©© Jìh©Ýg àmoOŠo Q> (NeGP), B. 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H$maU amï´>r` Am`moJmZo ñdrH$maboë`m n§MgyÌrn¡H$s kmZàmárMr gwb^Vm (Acess to Knowledge) `m gyÌmMm Adb§~ H$aÊ`mgmR>r J«§Wmbò XmoZ àH$maMr H$m`© H$ê$ eH$VmV. n{hbo ñWm{ZH$ nmVirdarb kmZ d _m{hVr H|$Ðo d Xþgao amï´>r` d d¡pídH$ kmZ àmárMo _mJ© ho hmoV. _m{hVr gmYZ d _m{hVr {ZY©Z `m XmoZ g_mOJQ>mgmR>r J«§Wmbò g_mZ ñVamda _m{hVr godm XoD$ eH$VmV. Ë`m_wio amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo nwT>rb H$m`} J«§Wmb` H$m`© JQ>mH$So> gmon{dbr. 1. J«§Wmb`mMr C{Ôï>o Zì`mZo R>a{dUo. 2. J«§Wmb`mÀ`m g_ñ`m d AmìhmZo OmUyZ KoUo. 3. J§«Wmb`mÀ`m gdmªJrU {dH$mgmgmR>r ~Xb gwM{dUo. 4. AmYw{ZH$ _m{hVr g§àfU V§ÌkmZÛmao J§«Wmb` godm gwYmaUo. 5. _m{hVr gmYZ d _m{hVr {ZY©Z `m XmoZ g_mOJQ>mVrb A§Va H$_r H$aÊ`mgmR>r ZdrZ CnH«$_mMr eŠ`Vm VnmgUo. 6. J§«Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ {ejUmV JwUdËVm {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mMo _mJ© emoYUo d H$m`©aV ì`mdgm{`H$m§gmR>r COiUr dJm©Mr ì`dñWm H$aUo. 7. J§«WmVrb gm§ñH¥${VH$ d ñdXoer R>odm OVZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r gw{dYm {Z_m©U H$aUo. kmZmMr {Z{_©Vr {dVaU d OVZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r J§«Wmbò Amdí`H$ AmhoV. {df_Vm`wŠV g_mOmMo g_Vm`wŠV g_mOm_Üò ê$nm§Va H$aÊ`mgmR>r J§W« mbò _hÎdnyU© ^y{_H$m ~OmdVmV. amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmÀ`m Ñï>rZo J§«Wmbò åhUOo kmZ ^m§S>mao hmoV. `m kmZ ^m§S>mamMo ^{dVì` Ho$di kmZmMo g§H$bZ, gmR>dU d nwZdm©na EdT>çmnwaVo _`m©{XV ZgyZ kmZmMr ewÕrH$aU à{H«$`m `mda Adb§~yZ Amho. Ë`m_wioM _hmamï´> gaH$maZo gmd©O{ZH$ {dÚmnrR> H$m`Xm 2011 _Üò J§«Wmb`m§Zm "kmZ g§gmYZ H|$Ð' Ago åhQ>bo Amho. `m kmZ g§gmYZ H|$Ðm_Yrb kmZmMm d H$m¡eë`mMm bm^ nyU© j_VoZo hmoÊ`mgmR>r ZdrZ _m{hVr g§àofU V§Ì, à{e{jV kmZ ì`dñWmnH$ d EH$ gw{Z`§{ÌV àUmbrMr JaO Amho. kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 60 kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 61 2.1 J§«Wmb`mMo H$m`© kmZmYm[aV AW©ì`dñWm {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r J§«Wmb`mMo H$m`© _hÎdmMo Amho. g_mOmVrb gd© ñVamn`ªV kmZ d _m{hVr A{YH$ma CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mgmR>r J§W« mb` hm CËV_ _mJ© Amho. VgoM {ejU ì`dñWm geŠV H$aÊ`mgmR>r d g§emoYZmg nyaH$ åhUyZhr J§«Wmb`mMo H$m`© _hÎdmMo Amho. amï´>r` ñVamda àemgZmMr H$m`©j_Vm dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r {d{dY àH$maÀ`m _m{hVrMr JaO ^mgVo. Ë`m_wio Amamo½`, {ejU, H¥$fr, CÚmoJ, COm©, nmUr `m bú`joÌmV `m _m{hVrMo Cn`moOZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r _m{hVr V§§ÌkmZ d g§àofU gmYZm§Mr Amdí`H$Vm AgVo. J§«Wmb`mÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ g§emoYZ d kmZmÀ`m {Z{_©Vr H$m`m©g MmbZm {_iVo. 2.2 J§«Wmb`m§Mr gÚ…pñWVr 3. J§W « mb` {dH$mgmMr JaO ^maVmV gÜ`m J§W« mb` hm {df` amÁ`mÀ`m AIË`marV Agë`m_wio `m joÌmV amï´>r` ñVamda EH$dmŠ`Vm d g_Ýd` Zmhr. ^maVmVrb gd© àH$maÀ`m J§«Wmb`m§Mr A{YH¥$V d EH$g§K _m{hVr CnbãY Zmhr. amï´>r` ñVamda J§W« mb`m§Mo ZoVË¥ d H$aUmar g§ñWm Zgë`m_wio `m joÌmVrb {ejU, à{ejU d g§emoYZmMm XOm© gwYmaÊ`mgmR>r _mJ©Xe©ZmMr JaO Amho. VgoM à{e{jV _Zwî`~imMr Amdí`H$Vm _Ü`dVu J«W§ mb` {ZYr _m{hVr d g§àofU V§ÌkmZmMo Cn`moOZ gm_m{OH$ gh^mJ d ImOJr g§J«hmMr XoI^mb BË`mXtgmR>r amï´>r` ñVamda EH$gyÌVm AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho. J§«W d AÝ` _m{hVr gmYZm§_Üò CnbãY Agboë`m ñdXoer d àmMrZ kmZmMo OVZ d g§J«h H$aÊ`mgmR>r J§W« mb` `m g§ñWoMm gdmªJrU {dH$mg H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. Ë`m_wio kmZ Am`moJmZo J§«Wmb` àñVmdmV åhQ>bo Amho H$s, ^maVmV S>m.° a§JZmWZ `m§Zr J§W« nmbZmMr VÎdo d kmZ ì`dñWmnZmMr V§Ìo {dH${gV H$ê$Z J§«Wmb`mg emgH$s` AmYma {_i{dÊ`mMoo à`ËZ Ho$bo AmhoV. VgoM U.G.C. _mÜ`_mVyZ J§«Wmb`mÀ`m {dH$mgmMo à`ËZ emgZmZo Ho$bo Amho. na§Vw gÜ`m J§«Wmb` Am{U _m{hVr joÌmVrb g§emoYZmMr g§»`m _`m©{XV Amho. ^maVmVrb gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$, e¡j{UH$ d gm§ñH¥${VH$ {d{dYVoMm {dMma H$ê$Z OmJ{VH$ KS>m_moS>r~amo~a g§Vb w Z R>do Uo Amdí`H$ Amho. ~XbË`m gm_m{OH$ n[apñWVrV J§W« mb`rZ godm gmYZo d V§ÌkmZ `m§Mo _yë`_mnZ d godm H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. J§«Wmb` joÌm~m~V amï´>r` ñVamda EH$gyÌVm d JwUdËVm amIÊ`mgmR>r amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmÀ`m {e\$maer VrZ àH$maÀ`m AmhoV. J§W« mb` {dH$mgmgmR>r g§ñWm§Mr {Z{_©Vr, àñWm{nV ì`dñWoV gwYmaUm d ~møòmoVm§Mr _XV `m VrZ nÕVrZo J§«Wmb` joÌmMm {dH$mg Ano{jV Amho. “There is urgent need for reform in the Libraries and Information service sector.” 2.3 J§«Wmb` {e\$maer J§«Wmb` joÌmV gwYmaUm H$aÊ`mgmR>r amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo Xhm {e\$maer Ho$ë`m AmhoV d `m {e\$maer A_bmV AmUÊ`mMo _mJ©hr gwM{dbo Amho. 1. J§«Wmb`mgmR>r amï´>r` Am`moJ ñWmnZm H$aUo. 2. XoemVrb gd© J§«Wmb`m§Mr _moOXmX H$aUo. 3. J§W« mb` d _m{hVremñÌ {ejU,à{ejU d g§emoYZ gw{dYm_Üò gwYmaUm H$aUo. 4. J§«Wmb`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ AgUmè`m _Zwî`~imMm AmT>mdm KoUo. 5. H|$Ðr` J§«Wmb` {ZYr {Z_m©U H$aUo. 6. J§«Wmb`mMo AmYw{ZH$sH$aU H$aUo. 7. J§«Wmb` ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m gm_m{OH$ gh^mJmg àmoËgmhZ XoUo. 8. _m{hVr d g§àofU V§ÌkmZmÀ`m J§«Wmb`mVrb Cn`moOZmg MmbZm XoUo. 9. ImOJr dmMZ gm{hË` g§J«hmMr XoI^mb H$aUo. 10. J§«Wmb` Am{U _m{hVr godm {dH${gV H$aÊ`mgmR>r gmd©O{ZH$ dm ImOJr joÌmÀ`m ^mJrXmarËdmg MmbZm XoUo. `m Xhm à_wI {e\$maetMr g{dñVa _m{hVr AhdmbmVrb n[a{eï> 5 _Üò XoÊ`mV Ambr Amho. kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 62 3.1 J§«Wmb` {dH$mg J«§Wmb`mÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ kmZ {Z{_©VrMo ZdrZ _mJ©, J«§Wmb`mMo gj_ àemgZ d geŠV {ejU g§ñWm {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mMo C{Ôï> gmÜ` H$aÊ`mgmR>r Am`moJmZo nwT>rb gyMZm Ho$ë`m AmhoV. J«W§ mb`mÀ`m {dH$mgmgmR>r amï´>r` J§W« mb` Am`moJ, amï´>r` J§W« mb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ g§ñWm d J§W« mb` godH$m§gmR>r AmH¥${V~§Y `m VrZ ~m~r Amdí`H$ AmhoV. A) amï´>r` J§«Wmb` Am`moJ ñWmnZ H$aUo ^maVmVrb gd© J§«Wmb`m§V g_Ýd`, g_mZ _mJ©Xe©Z d {Z`§ÌU R>odÊ`mgmR>r amï´>r` ñVamda EH$m {eIa g§ñWoMr JaO Amho.Ë`mgmR>r àW_ VrZ dfmªgmR>r amï´>r` J§W« mb` _§S>imMr ñWmnZm H$ê$Z nwT>o `m _§S>imMo H$m`_ñdê$nr amï´>r` J§W« mb` Am`moJmV ê$nm§Va H$amdo. `m Am`moJmZo amï´>r` ñVamda gd© àH$maMr J§«Wmbò d J§«Wmb`rZ H$m`} godm g§J«h, Vm§{ÌH$ à{H«$`m à{ejU B. Mr à_m{UHo$ V`ma H$amdrV. gmd©O{ZH$ d ImOJr J§«Wmb` {dH$mgmgmR>r `§ÌUm {Z_m©U H$amdr. J§«Wmb` g§emoYZ d {dH$mg _m{hVr godm§Mm XOm© J§W« d J§W« Ëo Va àH$meZo B. ~m~V gwYmamË_H$ Cnm``moOZm H$amdr. VgoM emgZmbm J§«Wmb` joÌm~m~V g„m d _mJ©Xe©Z H$amdo. kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 63 J§W« mb` joÌmMo n[anyU© kmZ Agboë`m VÁk d {dídmgmh© ì`ŠVtMr Zo_UyH$ `m Am`moJmÀ`m à_wI nXmgmR>r H$aÊ`mV `mdr. J§«Wmb`mgmR>r CnbãY Ho$boë`m {ZYrMo ì`dñWmnZ, e¡j{UH$ J§W« mb` godH$m§Mm AmH¥${V~§Y, ImOJr dmMZ gm{hË` g§Jh« mÀ`m XoI^mbrgmR>r J§W« mb` _§S>i B. ~m~tMo {Z`moOZ H$amdo. amï´>r` ñVamda gd© àH$maÀ`m J§W« mb`m§Mo {Z`§ÌU H$aUmao ho Am`moJ Agmdo. n[a{eï> EH$_Üò amï´>r` J§W« mb` Am`moJmMr {Z{_©Vr d H$m`} g{dñVa {Xbr AmhoV. Am) amï´>r` J§«Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ g§ñWm ñWmnZ H$aUo J§W« mb` Am{U _m{hVr joÌmVrb ~Xbm§Mm d ZmdrÝ`rH$aUmMm àM§S> doJ bjmV KoVm `m joÌmV g§emoYZ d {dH$mg `m CnH«$_mMr JaO AgVo. OmJ{VH$ nmVirda J«§Wmb` joÌmVrb g§emoYZmMo Cn`moOZ B§Q>aZoQ>darb _m{hVr aMZogmR>r Ho$bo OmV Amho. VgoM g§emoYZmVyZ {Z_m©U Pmboë`m V§Ì d gmYZm§Mm n[aUm_H$maH$ Cn`moJ hmoÊ`mgmR>r `mo½` _mJ©Xe©Z d à{ejUmMr JaO Amho. Ë`m_wio J«W§ mb` joÌmVrb {ejU, à{ejU, g§emoYZ d {dH$mg `mgmR>r amï´>r` ñVamda J§«Wmb` _m{hVremñÌ g§ñWm ñWmnZ H$amdr. `m àñVm{dV g§ñWoZo J§«Wmb`rZ ì`mdgm{`H$m§gmR>r à{ejU, {Za§Va {ejU d à{ejH$mgmR>r à{ejUmMo CnH«$_ d J§W« mb` joÌmVrb g§emoYZ d {dH$mgmMo CnH«$_ am~dmdoV. àñVm{dV g§ñWoVrb _m{hVr emók g§emoYZmgh ~mø g§ñWoMo àm`mo{OV CnH«$_ am~dVrb d BVa g§ñWm§Zm g„m - godm XoVrb VgoM gd© àH$maÀ`m _mÜ`_m§Ûmao g§emoYZmMo {ZîH$f© àgm[aV H$aVrb. Aem àH$mao hr g§ñWm J§«Wmb` ì`mdgm{`H$m§Mo ZoV¥Ëd H$aUmar Agmdr Ago Ano{jV Amho.`m g§ñWoMo nmbH$Ëd gm§ñH¥${VH$ _§§Ìmb`mH$So> Agmdo Agr gyMZmhr {Xbobr Amho. n[a{eï> XmoZ_Üò amï´>r` J§«Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ g§ñWoMr {Z{_©Vr d H$m`} g{dñVa {Xbr AmhoV. B) J§«Wmb` godH$m§gmR>r AmH¥${V~§Y {ZpíMV H$aUo amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmÀ`m Ñï>rZo ^maVmVrb gdm©{YH$ VéU _Zwî`~i hoM kmZ{Z{_©VrMo à_wI òmoV AgyZ Ë`m§Zm à{ejU XoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmMo gXñ` lr. Z§XZ {ZbHo$Ur `m§À`m _Vo- “Our human capital needs to be empowered ........ they need access to markets and jobs.” amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo H$m`©JQ>mH$So> gmon{dboë`m J§W« mb`rZ _Zwî`~imMm amï´>r` kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 64 ñVamda AmT>mdm KoD$Z _Zwî`~imMr Amdí`H$Vm d AmH¥${V~§Y {ZpíMV H$amdm Aer {e\$mag Ho$br Amho. amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo gmd©O{ZH$ J§«Wmb`mMm AmH¥${V~§Y EH$m n[a{eï>mV g{dñVa {Xbm Amho. Va amï´>r` e¡j{UH$ d {deof J§«Wmb`mVrb godH$m§Mm AmH¥${V~§Y AZwH«$_o gm§H¥${VH$ {d^mJ, J§«Wmb` Am`moJ d {deof J§«Wmb`mÀ`m _mV¥g§ñWmZr {ZpíMV H$aÊ`mMo `mM n[a{eï>mV Z_yX Ho$bo Amho. gmd©O{ZH$ J§«Wmb`mÀ`m {d{dY ñVam§Zwgma doJdoJim AmH¥${V~§Y gwM{dbm AgyZ godH$m§Mr dJ©dmar Mma JQ>m§V Ho$br Amho. VgoM Mma Vo ghm J§«Wmb`m_Üò g_Ýd` gmYÊ`mgmR>r EH$ _m{hVr A{YH$mar Agmdm Aer gyMZm Ho$br Amho. n[a{eï>> VrZ_Üò gmd©O{ZH$ J§«Wmb`mMm AmH¥${V~§Y d H$m`m©Zwgma dJ©dmar g{dñVa {Xbobr Amho.VgoM J§W« mb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ Aä`mgH«$_ {d^mJmMmhr AmH¥${V~§Y {Xbobm Amho. 3.2 J§«Wmb` gwYmaUm H$aUo g_mOmVrb gd© ñVam§V d bú`joÌmV kmZmMo Cn`moOZ _m{hVr g§àfo U gmYZm§Ûmao gwb^ H$aUo, kmZ{Z{_©VrgmR>r gm_{OH$ gh^mJ dmT>{dUo, J§«Wmb`m§Mr _moOXmX H§$aUo `m C{Ôï>nyVugmR>r Am`moJmZo nwT>rb gyMZm Ho$ë`m AmhoV. A) J§W « mb` ì`dñWmnZmMo AmYw{ZH$sH$aU H$aUo J§«Wmb`rZ gmYZm§Mm OmñVrV OmñV Cn`moJ H$aÊ`mgmR>r J§«Wmb`mZo àW_V… dmMZgm{hË` XodKod, Aä`m{gH$m, g§X^© godm, B§Q>aZoQ> `m Mma godm {dZm_yë` Úmì`mV. `m{edm` J§W« mb` gZX J§W« mb` Omio {Z{_©Vr gyMr` Zm|XrMm amï´>r` g§Jh« d BVa nyaH$ godm AË`mdí`H$ Ho$ë`m Omì`mV. J§«Wmb` gZX_Üò J§«Wmb`rZ C{Ôï>o d J§«Wmb`rZ godmMo AmídmgZ `m§Mm g_mdoe H$aÊ`mV `mdm. J§«Wmb` gZXMm Z_wZm n[a{eï>m_Üò {Xbobm Amho. J§W« mb`mÀ`m AmYw{ZH$sH$aUmgmR>r dmMZgm{hË` g§Jh« {dH$mg, J§W« mb`rZ godm, g§Jh« d godm§Mo _yë`_mnZ, J§W« mb`mMo ZoQ>dH$sªJ, emoYgw{dYm, gyMr` Zm|XtMm amï´>r` g§Jh« , nm`m^yV gw{dYm, _mZdr g§gmYZ {dH$mg B.~m~tMo Vn{ebmgh _mJ©Xe©Z {e\$maer_Üò Ho$bobo Amho d n[a{eð> Mma_Üò g{dñVa Vnerb {Xbm Amho. Am) ImOJr d d¡`pŠVH$ dmMZgm{hË` g§Jh« mMr XoI^mb H$aUo Xoem_Üò ImOJr d ì`pŠVJV dmMZgm{hË` g§Jh« mMo OVZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$moUVrhr kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 65 ì`dñWm CnbãY Zmhr. amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo VÁkm§À`m AÜ`jVoImbr EH$ g{_Vr Zo_mdr. d Ë`mgmR>r Xhm àmXo{eH$ H|$Ðo ñWmnZ H$amdrV Aer gyMZm Am`moJmZo Ho$br Amho. ImOJr g§Jh« mVrb gm§ñH¥${VH$, dmagmË_H$, Eo{Vhm{gH$, Xw{_©i J§W« , nÌ X¡Z{§ XZr, XñVEodO gmYZo `m§Mr dJ©dmar V`ma H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mr Zm|X d OVZ H$aUogmR>r ñdV§Ì `§ÌUm {Z_m©U H$amdr. VgoM ImOJr dmMZgm{hË` g§Jh« mgmR>r _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdo {dH${gV H$amdr Aer {e\$mag Am`moJmZo Ho$br Amho. Ë`mMm Vnerb n[a{eï> nmM_Üò XoÊ`mV Ambm Amho. B) J§W « mb`m§Mr _moOXmX H$aUo XoemVrb J§«Wmb`m§Mr gm§p»`H$s` _m{hVr A{YH¥$V d EH$g§KnUo CnbãY Zgë`m_wio ^maV gaH$maÀ`m gm§ñH¥${VH$ JQ>mZo EH$ H¥${VJQ> ñWmnZ H$ê$Z J§W« mb`mMr _moOXmX EH$ dfm©V H$amdr. VgoM amï´>r` ñVamda Z_wZm nmhUrÛmao dmMH$ JaOm d A{^éMrMo gd}jU H$amdo. Ë`m_wio J§«Wmb` godm_Üò gwYmaUm H$aUo, {Z`moOZ H$aUo d YmoaUmË_H$ {ZU©` KoÊ`mgmR>r `m _m{hVrMm Cn`moJ hmoUma Amho. 3.3 ~mø ómoVm§Mr _XV J§«Wmb`mgmR>r ñdV§Ì {ZYr, gm_m{OH$ gh^mJ d J§«Wmb`rZ H$m`m©gmR>r ~mô` ómoVm§Mr _XV B. KQ>H$m§Ûmao J§W« mb` {dH$mgmÀ`m {e\$maer ñdV§ÌnUo {Xboë`m AmhoV. A) J§W « mb` {ZYr {Z_m©U H$aUo J§W« mb` joÌ§ mV gwYmaUm H$aÊ`mgmR>r H|$Ðr` {ZYrMr JaO Amho. J§W« mb`mgmR>r amï´>r` ñVamda H|$Ð gaH$ma d CÚmoOH$ `m§À`m_m\©$V g_g_mZ à_mUmV àËòH$s 100 H$moQ>tMm {ZYr CnbãY H$amdm. VgoM H|$X´ d amÁ` gaH$maÀ`m {ejU AZwXmZmn¡H$s {ZpíMV aŠH$_ J§«Wmb`mgmR>r R>odbr Omdr. `m {ZYrMo ì`dñWmnZ amï´>r` J§«Wmb` Am`moJmZo H$amdo. _m\©$V {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mV `mdrV. {dfoeV… gmd©O{ZH$ J§«Wmbò ñWm{ZH$ ZmJ{aH$m§ZrM MmbdmdrV. B) ImOJr g§ñWm§Mr _XV KoUo _mZd H$ë`mUmgmR>r H$m`©aV AgUmè`m gm_m{OH$ g§ñWm, H$maImZXma d BVa ImOJr g§ñWm§Zr J§«Wmb` {dH$mgmgmR>r EH${ÌVnUo _XV H$amdr. VgoM J§«Wmb`mMm godm d XOm© gwYmaÊ`mgmR>r gmd©O{ZH$ d ImOJr ^mJrXmarg àmoËgmhZ Úmdo Aer {e\$mag kmZ Am`moJmZo Ho$bobr Amho. 4. J«W § mb`rZ H¥${VH$m`©H$« _ amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmÀ`m J§«Wmb`mgmR>r Ho$boë`m `m gd© {e\$maerÀ`m H$m`©dmhrMm _gwXm R>a{dÊ`mgmR>r {X„r òWo "Libraries on Agenda" `m Am§Vaamï´>r` MMm©gÌm§V amï´>r` Vo J«m_rU ñVamda amOH$s`, gm_m{OH$, gmd©O{ZH$ d ImOJr KQ>H$m§Mr ^y{_H$m, O~m~Xmar d H$m`©nÕVr {ZpíMV H$aÊ`mV Ambr. amï´>r` J«§Wmb` Am`moJmMr aMZm d H$m`}, H¥${VH$m`©H«$_, J§«Wmb` gw{dYoMr ì`mnmar VÎdmMr Zdr ^y{_H$m d H$m`© àgmamMr {Xem `m~m~V MMm© d A§_b~OmdUrgmR>r amï´>r` ñVamdarb H$m`©H«$_mMo {Z`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. J§W« mb` àgmamgmR>r {ZpíMV Ho$bobr Imbrb KmofdmŠò ho `m MMm©gÌmMo {deof d _hÎdnyU© \$brV hmo`. 1. 2. 3. 4. Libraries : a Key to Prosperity Roots to Research READ India For Each Village a Library No School without a Library. amï´>r` Vo J«m_rU ñVamn`ªV gd© àH$maÀ`m amOH$s`, gm_m{OH$ d gmd©O{ZH$ KQ>H$m§Mm g_mdoe J§«Wmb` ì`dñWmnZmV H$aÊ`mV `mdm Aer {e\$mag Am`moJmZo Ho$br Amho. J§«Wmb` ì`dñWmnZ d {ZU©` à{H«$òV gm_mOmVrb ZmJ[aH$m§Zm gh^mJr H$ê$Z ¿`mdo. VgoM J«m_ J§«Wmbò d ñWm{ZH$ _m{hVr H|$Ðo n§Mm`V g{_Vr `m KmofdmŠ`mV g_mOmMm {dH$mg åhUOoM g_mOmVrb àËòH$ ì`ŠVrÀ`m j_VoMm {dH$mg d Ë`mgmR>r kmZ hr _yb^yV JaO Va J§«Wmbò åhUOo kmZàmárMr n`m©`mZo gm_m{OH$ {dH$mgmMr Jwé{H$„r (Key to Prosperity) _mZbobr Amho.Ë`mgmR>r J§«Wmb`mÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Amdí`H$ Agboë`m _yb^yV godm Vo g§emoYZmgmR>r (Root to Research) CËV_ kmZgodm§Mm {dH$mg H$aUo Amdí`H$ _mZbo Amho. g_mOmVrb gd© ñVam§V kmZmMo g§àfo U (Reach) àËòH$ g_mOKQ>H$mMo kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 66 kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 67 Am) gm_m{OH$ gh^mJ dmT>{dUo geŠVrH$aU (Empower) Ë`mgmR>r kmZgodm§Mo CËV_ ì`dñWmnZ (Administer) d `mÛmao g_mOmMm gdmªJrU {dH$mg (Development) gmYÊ`mgmR>r B.g. 2020 n`ªV àËòH$ JmdmV d àËòH$ emioV J§W« mbò ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mMr ê$naofm V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambr. VgoM àËòH$ dfu {H$_mZ 10% C{Ôï>nVy uMo bú` R>a{dÊ`mV Ambo Amho. `m KmofdmŠ`mVM J«§Wmb`mMo YmoaU gm_mdbobo Amho Ago åhUUo g`wpŠVH$ hmoB©b. g_mamon amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo J§«Wmb`mgmR>r Ho$boë`m `m gd© {e\$maer àm_w»`mZo kmZ àmárV gwb^Vm (Access to knowledge) `m EH$m joÌm§VJ©V Ho$boë`m Agë`m Var `m {e\$maetÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ kmZmMr {Z{_©Vr kmZmMo Cn`moOZ d CËV_ kmZgodm§Mm {dH$mghr eŠ` Pmbm Amho. amï´>r` J§«Wmb` Am`moJ d J§«Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ g§ñWoMr {Z{_©Vr `m§_wio {ejU ì`dñWm g~i hmo D $Z g§ e mo Y Zmg MmbZm {_iVo . J§ « W mb`mÀ`m AmYw{ZH$sH$aUm_wio _m{hVr g§àofU ì`dñWm à^mdr hmoVo. g_mOmVrb gd© ñVam§n`ªV kmZmMo _mJ© Iwbo hmoVmV. àemgZmMr H$m`©j_Vm dmT>V.o ñWm{ZH$ nmVirda gm_m{OH$ gh`moJmVyZ J§W« mb`mMr {Z{_©Vr hmoD$Z ñWm{ZH$ _m{hVr nÕVr {dH${gV hmoV.o ImOJr dmMZ gm{hË`mMr amï´>r` ñVamda Zm|X Ho$ë`m_wio kmZ {Z{_©Vr H$m`m©V g_mOmMo `moJXmZ dmTy> eH$Vo. amï´>r` ñVamda J§«Wmb` {ZYr d J§«Wmb` {Z{_©Vr H$m`m©V gmd©O{ZH$ g§ñWm, H$maImZXma B. Mm gh^mJ dmT>Vmo.Aem àH$mao J§«Wmb`mÀ`m {e\$maetÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ kmZ{Yð>rV g_mO {Z{_©VrMm amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmMm hoVy g\$b hmoÊ`mg _XV hmoD$ eH$Vo. amï´>r` J§W« mb` Am`moJ ^maVmVrb {d{dY amÁ`m§er g§nH$m©V AgyZ AZoH$ amÁ`m§Zr AmamISo> V`ma Ho$bo AmhoV. ^maVmVrb bmoH$emhr emgZ ì`dñWo_wio YmoaUm§Mr A§_b~OmdUr H$aÊ`mV {db§~ hmoV Agbm Var OmJ{VH$ ñnY}V JwUdËVm {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r J§«Wmb` joÌmMm {dH$mg An[ahm`© Amho. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Deshpande, N.J. and Patil, S.K., ed.( 2004), University and college librarianship in India in 21st Century, Pune: Dept. of Lib and Inf. Sc., University of Pune. Nigavekar, Arun (2004), ‘Tenth Five Years Plan in Higher Educationin.’ University & College Librarianship in India in the 21st Century, Ed.Deshpande, Neela.Pune ,Dept. of Lib & Inf Science, Pg.42. nmaIr, J§JmYa (2012), J§«Wmb` {dH$mg Xe©Z, nwUo … `w{Zdg©b àH$meZ. Hw$§ ^ma, amO|X« (2007), amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo J§W« mb`mg§~Y§ r ^maV gaH$mabm Ho$boë`m {e\$maer - ^mJ 1, kmZJ§JmoÌr 1 (7). Hw$§ ^ma, amO|X« (2007), amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo J§W« mb`mg§~Y§ r ^maV gaH$mabm Ho$boë`m {e\$maer - ^mJ 2, kmZJ§JmoÌr 2 (8). eodmio, _YwH$a (2011), J§«WnmbZmMm B{Vhmg AmYw{ZH$ H$mi, kmZJ§JmoÌr Z§ 1 d 2 (12). Government of India, (2009), Report of the National Knowledge Commission, Pg. 173. g§X^© gyMr 1. Dhiman, A.K. and Sinha, S.C. (2005), Academic libraries, New Dehli: E55 Publication . kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 68 kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 69 J«W § mbò Am{U XâVaImZo `m§_Yrb AmnÎmr ì`dñWmnZ S>m°. àH$me JUoe H$a_aH$a godm{Zd¥Îm J«§Wnmb, {d. J. dPo _hm{dÚmb`, _wbw§S> (ny.) _w§~B© prakash_karmarkar@yahoo.com OrdZmÀ`m àËòH$ joÌm_Üò AmnÎmr ì`dñWmnZmg AZÝ`gmYmaU Ago _hÎd Amho. AmnÎmr ì`dñWmnZmer {ZJ{S>V Aä`mgH«$_hr am~{dbo OmVmV. _mÌ åhUmdo VodT>o bj `m {df`mH$S>o XoÊ`mV òV Zmhr. J«§Wmb` Am{U _{hVrH|$Ðm§À`m gwa{jVVog§X^m©V AmnÎmr ì`dñWmnZ hm A{Ve` _hÎdnyU© ^mJ Amho. dmMZgm{hË`mMr {d{dY AmnÎmrnmgyZ gwajm H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo Amdí`H$ Cnm``moOZm `m§Mr {d{dY amï´>r` d Am§Vaamï´>r` ñVamdarb {Xboë`m CXmhaUm§ghrV MMm© H$aÊ`mV Ambobr Amho. J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ `m {df`m§VJ©V J«§Wmb`rZ AmnÎmrì`dñWmnZ `m {df`m§VJ©V _amR>rV \$maM H$_r J«§W boIZ Pmbobo AmT>iVo. J«§Wmb`rZ AmnÎmr ì`dñWmnZ `m {df`mbm BVa Xoem§À`m VwbZoV ^maVmV hdo VodT>o _hÎd {Xbo Jobobo AmT>iyZ òV Zmhr. AmnÎmr øm Zoh_rM òV ZmhrV, Ho$ìhm§VarM CX²^dVmV nU ì`dñWmnZ _mÌ gX¡dM H$amdo bmJVo. 25 Am{U 26 Owb¡ 2005 amoOr _w~§ B©V A^wVnyd© Agm nmD$g nS>bm. gmd©O{ZH$ VgoM ImOJr _mb_ÎmoMo àM§S> ZwH$gmZ Pmbo. `m AmnÎmrZo AZoH$m§Zm g§H$Q>mV Q>mH$bo. AZoH$ Kao, ~mOmanoR>m, AZoH$ H$maImZo, gmd©O{ZH$ {R>H$mUo, H$m`m©bò, emim, _hm{dÚmbò `m AmnÎmrV Oem gmnS>ë`m VerM AZoH$ _hm{dÚmb`rZ J«§Wmbò hrXoIrb `m AmnÎmrV gmnS>br. nmobmXnya, {O. am`JS> òWrb _moao _hm{dÚmb` J«§Wmb`mghrV dmhÿZ Jobo. 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AmnÎmtMo XmoZ {d^mJm§V dJuH$aU Ho$bo OmVo. 1) _mZd{Z{_©V AmnÎmr (Manmade Disasters) 2) Z¡g{J©H$ AmnÎmr (Natural Disasters) `m XmoZ àH$maÀ`m à_wI AmnÎmrMo H$mhr CnàH$ma nwT>rb à_mUo AmhoV. _mZdm{Z{_©V AmnÎmr (Manmade Disasters) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) amgm`{ZH$ AnKmV VobVd§J Am{U Ë`m àH$maMo BVa {H$aUmoËgJ© Am{U g§~§{YV AnKmV gm_m{OH$ g§Kf©/_wÔ/o XheVdmX dm VËg_ {Zdm©grV/eaUmWu/ñWbm§V[aVm§À`m {d{dY g_ñ`m _mZdmZo _wÔm_hÿZ KS>dyZ AmUbobo AnKmV Z¡g{J©H$ AmnÎmr (Natural Disasters) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) _hmnya XwîH$mi ^yH§$n dmXio- MH«$sdmXio gwZm_r ^yñIbZ Ádmbm_wItMo CËnmV AmJ amoJm§À`m gmWr dJ¡ao kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 71 `m d Aem àH$maÀ`m AmnÎmrV J«§Wmb`m§da H$_r, OmñV H$mbmdYtMo AmKmV hmoV AgVmV. _mZd{Z{_©V AmnÎmr {Z`_ H$ê$Z, H$m`Xo H$ê$Z, à~moYZ, à{ejU AWdm Amdí`H$ Ë`m H¥$Vr H$ê$Z {Z`§{ÌV H$aVm òVmV, nU Z¡g{J©H$ AmnÎmtMm {dMma doJim H$amdm bmJVmo. Z¡g{J©H$ AmnÎmtMo ñdê$n H$Yr H$Yr BVHo$ ^`mdh, {damQ> AgVo, AZno{jV AgVo H$s nydu A_bmV AmUboë`m `moOZm ZdrZ AmnÎmrZm OemÀ`m Vem bmJy nS>VmVM Ago Zmhr. AmnÎmr ì`dñWmnZmV Ë`mMmhr {dMma H$amdm bmJVmo. AmnÎmr ì`dñWmnZmbm nwT>rb Jmoï>r g_m{dï> AgVmV. 1) g§^mì` YmoHo$ AmoiIyZ {Z`moOZ H$aUo 2) Or OmoIr_ hoVwnwañga ñdrH$mabr Agob {VMo `Wm`mo½` _yë`_mnZ H$aUo CXm. Am¡Úmo{JH$ joÌmV J«§Wmb` ñWmnZ Ho$bobo Agob Va J«§Wmb`mÀ`m Odinmg AgUmao agm`{ZH$ H$maImZo Ë`m_wio H$YrH$mir {Z_m©U hmoD$ eH$Umao AnKmV `m§Mm {dMma AmYrM H$ê$Z AmnÎmrOZH$ n[apñWVr {Z_m©U Pmë`mg H$moUVr H¥$Vr H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho, Ë`mMr R>mog H$m`©dmhr. 3) åhUOoM ñdrH$mabobr OmoIr_ bjmV KoD$Z Amdí`H$ Voìhm AmnÎmr n[aUm_H$maH$[aË`m {Z`§{ÌV H$aVm òB©b Aer `§ÌUm àñWm{nV H$aUo. 4) à{ejU, ZoV¥Ëd `m _mÜ`_m§VyZ AmnÎmr {Z`§§ÌUmgmR>r C{MV _mJ©Xe©Z H$aUo. J«W§ mbò Am{U XâVaImZo `m g§X^m©V bjmV KoÊ`mgmaIm, XIb KoÊ`mgma»`m OmJ{VH$ ñVamda AZoH$ Xoem§_Üò Á`m AmnÎmr {Z_m©U Pmë`m Ë`mVrb H$mhr {ZdS>H$ KQ>Zm§Mm AmnU {dMma H$ê$. 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AmdmhZmMm Mm§Jbm n[aUm_ åhUOo VrZ {Xdgm§VM g§nyU© bm°g EÝOobrg Imoè`m_YyZ 1500 bmoH$m§Zr à{VgmX {Xbm. Ë`m§Zr ghm, ghm Vmgm§À`m nmù`m§_Üò AhmoamÌ H$m_ Ho$bo Am{U 6,00,000 J«§Wm§Mr ~m§YUr Ho$br Jobr. Ë`mgmR>r 44,000 H$mS>©~moS>©gMr ImoH$s dmnabr Jobr. AmnÎmr `moOZm AmpñVËdmVM Zgë`mZo ~Mmd H$m`m©_Üò àM§S> AS>Wio {Z_m©U Pmbo. bmoH$m§Zm Aem g_ñ`m§Zm H$go Vm|S> Úm`Mo ømMr _m{hVr ZìhVr, g‚mVoMm Am^md Va gVV OmUdV hmoVm. à{ejUmMr ZrVm§V JaO hmoVr. bm°g EÝOo{bgÀ`m øm AmnÎmrZo {eH${dbobm hm YS>m hmoVm. Xwgar KQ>Zm Amho pñdS>Z_Yrb qbH$moqnJ (Linkoping) ^mJmVrb _mZd{Z{_©V AmnÎmrMo EH$ CÎm_ CXmhaU Amho. 20 gßQ>|~a 1996 `m {Xder qbH$moqnJ g|Q´>b Q>mD$Z (Linkoping Central Town) J«W§ mb`mbm _Zmoé½U Agboë`m EH$m ì`º$sZo _wÔm_hÿZ AmJ bmdbr. 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AmUIr EH$ CXmhaU åhUOo H«$moE{eAZ `wÕmVbo Am°ŠQ>mo~a 1991 _Üò `wJmoñbìh, g¡Ý`mZo PXma (Zadar) òWrb X gm`§Q>r{\$H$ bm`~«ar (The Scientific Library) À`m B_maVrda h„o MT>{dbo, ho h„o WoQ> J«W § mb`mdaM hmoV.o Xwgè`m {Xder gH$mir bmoH$ añË`mda ~mhoa nS>bo Voìhm Ë`m§Zm añË`mda J«W§ {dIê$Z nS>bb o o {Xgbo. 19 ì`m eVH$mV ~m§Yboë`m `m B_maVrMo Va EdT>o ZwH$gmZ Pmbo hmoVo H$s, eÌwMo {ZpíMV bú` hr B_maVM hmoVr ho ñnï> Pmbo. J«W§ nmb Ë`m§À`m {Vgè`m _Oë`mdarb H$m`m©b`mV ^rV ^rVM MT>bo, Voìhm N>Vmbm nS>boë`m ôJm§VyZ {Zio AmH$me {XgV hmoV.o H$m`m©b` ZoñVZm~yV Pmbobo hmoV.o J«W§ H$m`m©b`mÀ`m \${Z©MaMo ^mJ, g§JUH$ d BVa gmYZgm_J«r VgoM Vm{bH$mnÌo AñVmì`ñV hmoD$Z BVñVV… {dIwabr hmoVr. 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Ë`mgmR>r `m J«§Wmb`mMr WmoS>rer _m{hVr g_OyZ KoD$. `m Zm°{d©H$ J«W§ mb`mMr gwê$dmV B. g. 1857 _Üò Pmbr. gZ 1974 _Üò Vo H$mD$ÝQ>r bm`~«ar gpìh©g \$m°a Zm°{\©$H$Mm ^mJ ~Zbo. Voìhm§nmgyZ g|Q´>b bm`~«ar J«W§ mb` åhUyZ Vo H$m`©aV Pmbo. gZ 1994 n`ªV Zm°{d©H$Mr bmoH$g§»`m 7,60,000 n`ªV nmohMbr hmoVr gZ 1963 _Üò g|Q´>b bm`~«arMr B_maV C^mabr Jobr, Ë`m B_maVr_Üò H$mD$ÝQ>r aoH$m°S>© Am°\$sg WmQ>bo Job,o Ë`m_Üò H$mD$ÝQ>r AH$m©Bì© h g_m{dï> hmoVo. nyU© B_maVrMo joÌ\$i 5388 Mm¡. {_Q>a hmoVo. Ë`m_Üò 3658 Mm¡ag {_Q>a joÌ\$i g|Q´>b bm`~«arMo hmoVo `mdê$Z ^ì`Vm bjmV `mdr. H$mD$ÝQ>r joÌmV 48 J«§Wmbò Am{U 17 {\$aVr J«§Wmbò hmoVr. Ë`m§Mm nyU© g§J«h 1.2 Xebj dñVy§Mm hmoVm. Ë`mn¡H$s 3,50,000 dñVy Zm°{d©H$ òWo hmoË`m. g|Q´>b bm`~«ar Am°\$ Zm°{d©H$ 7,50,000 J«§Wm§Mr dm{f©H$ XodmU KodmU H$am`Mr Am{U dfm©bm 4,00,000 Aä`mgH$ J«§Wmb`mbm ôQ> XoV. H$mD$ÝQ>r J«§Wmb` godm§Mo H|$ÐñWmZ Agë`mZo Zm°{d©H$ BñQ> Am§p½b`m_Yrb ho AmKmS>rMo gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb` hmoVo. kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 74 kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 75 `m J«§Wmb`mbm bmJbobr AmJ {dP{dÊ`mgmR>r XrS> {Xdg bmJbm. J«§Wm§Mm Pmbobm bJÚmMm S>m|Ja CngÊ`mgmR>r {d{eï> àH$maMo `m§{ÌH$ gm{hË` dmnaÊ`mV Ambo. T>H$bJmS>çm§Mm Cn`moJ Ho$bm Jobm. AZoH$ J«§W OiyZ ImH$ Pmbo hmoVo. {VWo Ho$di amIoMm, H$moiemMm S>m|Ja V`ma Pmbm hmoVm. Oo J«§W dmMbo hmoVo Ë`m J«§Wm§Zm YwamMm dmg òV hmoVm. H$mhr J«§Wm§Mr doï>Zo {dViyZ Jobr hmoVr. òdT>o hmoD$Zhr 5,00,000 J«W§ A¾r Am{U nmÊ`mnmgyZ dmM{dÊ`mV Ambo hmoV.o `m KQ>ZVo godH$dJm©da _mZ{gH$[aË`m _moR>mM AmKmV Pmbm. AmnÎmtMr hr H$mhr CXmhaUo AmhoV. `m àËòH$ {R>H$mUr KS>boë`m KQ>ZoZ§Va gImobnUo Aä`mg Ho$bm Jobm. KS>bëo `m KQ>Z_o mJMr Zo_H$s H$maUo, VgoM ^{dî`mV Aem KQ>Zm§Mr nwZamd¥Îmr Pmë`mg AmnÎmr {ZdmaU H$em àH$mao H$aVm òB©b `mMmhr {dMma Pmbm. _mM© 2002 _Üò "JwJb' Zo OmJ{VH$ ñVamda _hmnwamZo ~mYrV Pmboë`m J«§Wmb`m§~m~V _m{hVr O_m Ho$br, Vgm emoY KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm. Ë`mV ~è`mM _moR>_moR>çm J«W§ mb`m§~m~V _m{hVr {_imbr, Ë`mVrb H$mhr {ZdS>H$ _hÎdnyU© J«W§ mb` nwT>rbà_mUo AmhoV. 1) ~moñQ>Z npãbH$ bm`~«ar (Boston Public Library) hr 20 Am°JñQ> 1998 _Üò ~mYrV Pmbr. 2) ñQ>°Z\$moS>©Mr J«rZ bm`~«ar (Gren Library Stanford) hr gZ 1998 _Üò ~mYrV Pmbr. 3) _m°J©Z òWrb H$mob°a°S>mo ñQ>oQ> `w{ZìhguQ>r bm`~«arO (Morgan Library of Colarado State University Libraries) hr 28 Owb¡ 1997 amoOr ~mYrV Pmbr. `m J«§Wmb`mVrb 4,62,000 J«§Wm§Mo ZwH$gmZ Pmbo. hr J«§Wmb` emñÌmVrb OJm_Yrb Mm¡Wr _moR>r XwK©Q>Zm g_OÊ`mV òVo. 4) `w. Ho$. _Yrb ggoŠQ> {dÚmnrR>mMo bodrg {S>nm°PQ>ar J«W§ mb` ho Am°ŠQ>m~o a2000 _Üò _hmnwamÀ`m VS>m»`mV gmnS>bo. 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J«§Wmb`mV Ho$di XmoZ VrZ H$_©Mmar hmoVo Ë`m§À`m _XVrZo àW_ Ë`m§Zr g§JUH$ gm_J«r C§Mmda R>odbr Vmon`ªV g§nUy © Vi_Oë`mda ngaboë`m J«W§ mb`mV nmUr âbo hmoVo Am{U H$nmQ>mÀ§ `m VimH$S>rb H$ß`mV nmUr Kwgbo hmoVo. S>m°. H${U©H$m§Zr Ë`m XmoZ VrZ H$_©Mmè`m§À`m Am{U H°$ÝQ>rZ_Yrb _wbm§À`m _XVrZo ViH$ßß`mVrb nwñVHo$ H$nmQ>m§À`m S>moŠ`mda R>odm`bm gwê$dmV Ho$br. XmoZ VrZ Vmgm§À`m AWH$ à`ËZmZ§Va g§nUy © {Ôbobr nwñVHo$ H$nmQ>mÀ§ `m S>moŠ`mda R>odÊ`mV Ë`mZm è Amb§. Ë`mZ§Va Vr AmobrqM~ nwñVHo$ Ë`m§Zr amVmoamV n{hë`m _Oë`mdaÀ`m [aS>tJ hm°b_Yrb Q>o~bm§da ngê$Z R>odbr, Xwgè`m {Xder Ë`m§Zr BVam§Mr {d{dY VèhoMr _XV KoD$Z Vr {Ôbobr, ~waer bmJbobr nwñVHo$ dmM{dÊ`mMm AmQ>moH$mQ> à`ËZ Ho$bm. àmÜ`mnH$m§Mr BVa H$_©Mmè`m§Mr Am{U ì`dñWmnZmMr Ë`mZm _XV {_imbr Am{U øm H$R>moa n[al_m§Mm n[aUm_ åhUOo 30,000 ~mYrV nwñVH$m§n¡H$s 20,000 nwñVHo$ S>m°. àXrn H${U©H$ dmMdy eH$bo. `m {R>H$mUr EH$ Jmoï> bjmV KoVbr nm{hOo H$s, BWo H$moUVohr AmnÎmr ì`dñWmnZ H$m`©aV ZìhVo. S>m°. H${U©H$m§nwT>o Ë`m~m~VMr H$moUVrhr _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdohr Zmhr, Ë`m§Zm Oo Oo gwMbo Ë`m nÕVrZo Ë`mhr H$m`©dmhr Ho$br Am{U _moR>çm à_mUmV J«W§ dmM{dbo. Aem àg§Jr J«§Wnmbm§Zm H$m` H$am`bm hdo Ë`mH$[aVm nwT>rb Jmoï>r bjmV KoUo JaOoMo Amho. 1) J«§Wnmbm§Zr Or H$mhr AmnÎmr Ambobr Agob {VMr H$maUr{__m§gm {M{H$ËgH$ nÕVrZo H$am`bm hdr. 2) {d_m H§$nÝ`m§H$Sy>Z {_iUmè`m ânmB© g§X^m©V {dMmanyd©H$ dmQ>mKmQ>r H$ê$Z A{YH$mA{YH$ ânmB© H$er {_iob ho nhm`bm hdo. 3) AmnÎmrÀ`m Aem doir H$_rV H$_r ZwH$gmZ H$go hmoB©b ho nm{hbo nm{hOo Am{U Vgm {dMma H$am`bm hdm. kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 76 kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 77 4) BVam§er MMm© H$ê$Z Aem KQ>Zo~m~VMr Vrd«Vm H$er gm¡å` H$aVm òB©b hohr nm{hbo nm{hOo. KQ>Zm KS>ë`mZ§Va J«§Wnmbm§Zm VoWrb ì`dñWmnZmbm, {d_m H§$nÝ`m§À`m A{YH$mè`m§Zm Am{U BVam§Zm {d{dY àíZm§Zm CÎmao Úmdr bmJVmV. àË`j KS>bobr KQ>Zm, KQ>ZMo o àË`jXeu, KQ>Zm KS>ë`mda Ho$br Jobb o r H¥$Vr, H¥$Vr H$aVmZm gwê$dmVrbm H$embm àmYmÝ` {Xbo Jobo, Z§Va H$m` H$m`©dmhr Ho$br dJ¡ao gd© {bhÿZ R>odUo JaOoMo AgVo. J«W§ mb`mMm B{Vhmg, J«W§ mb` Am{U XâVaImÝ`mVrb {d{dY godm, J«W§ , J«W§ Vo a g§Jh« mMr Zo_H$s g§»`m, Ë`m§Mr _m§S>Ur, àËòH$ _Oë`mdarb {d^mJ Am{U nma nmS>br OmUmar H$m_o ho gd© J«W§ nmbm§Zm ì`dpñWV kmV AgUo JaOoMo AgVo. VgoM AmnÎmrÀ`m doir B_maVrVyZ ~mhoa nS>Ê`mMo _mJ©, AmnÎmrV Cn`moJr nS>Umar `§Ìgm_J«r, Ë`m§À`m OmJm, Vr `§Ìo hmVmiÊ`mMo H$m¡eë` øm§Mr OmU AgUo JaOoMo AgVo. AmnÎmr {Z`§ÌU `moOZo~amo~aM AmnÎmr VmVS>rZo {Z`§{ÌV H$aÊ`mMr Ëd[aV nÕVhr J«§Wnmbm§Zm kmV Agm`bm hdr. J«§Wmbò d XâVaImZo `m§À`m AmnÎmr {ZdmaUm~m~V AZoH$ Ahdmb CnbãY AmhoV. AmnÎmrMo àH$ma Am{U Ë`m AZwamoYmZo H$amdo bmJUmao H$m`© ho Ë`m Ë`m doiÀ`m n[apñWVrda Adb§~yZ AgVo. `m {d{dY AmnÎmrVyZ J«W§ mb`m§Zm dmM{dÊ`mgmR>r J«W§ nmbm§Zr nwT>rb Jmoï>r bjmV ZrVm§V JaOoMo AgVo. 1) g§^mì` YmoHo$ bjmV KoUo. 2) AmnÎmr§Mo àH$ma bjmV KoD$Z Ë`m Ë`m AmnÎmrbm Vm|S> XoÊ`mgmR>r H$moUVr gmYZo Amnë`mH$S>o CnbãY AmhoV Vo nmhmUo. 3) g§KQ>ZmË_H$ nmVirda H$moUVr _XV Ëd[aV {_iy eHo$b ho nmhUo. 4) Amdí`H$ Vo {Z`moOZ 5) AmnÎmr ì`dñWmnZmVrb H$m`©o bjmV KoD$Z H¥${VerbVm 6) à{ejU (ñdV…bm VgoM BVa H$_©Mmar KQ>H$m§Zm) 7) AmnÎmr `§ÌUm àñWm{nV H$ê$Z {VMr `mo½` Vr {ZJm amIUo AmnÎmr~m~V BVam§Zm doirM g‚mVoMm AmXoe XoUo d g‚m hmoD$Z H$moUVo H$m`© Ëd[aV H$am`Mo `m _mJ©Xe©ZmH$[aVm nwT>rb `§ÌUm àñWm{nV H$amdr bmJVo. Vm|S>r gyMZm /XyaÜdZrdê$Z /Q>oboŠg _mÜ`_mVyZ/\°$Šg/ao{S>Amo/ JOa H$ê$Z (Alarm) {d{dY gyMZm (Signals) B©bŠo Q´>m{° ZŠgÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ gyMZm dJ¡a.o 2) H$mhr Img ómoV - Am{U~mUrÀ`m n{apñWVrV H$am`Mr H$m`©dmhr AWdm H¥$Vr H|$Ðo (Emergency Pperation Center) nmobrg _w»`mb` /NGO Am{U BVa g§~Y§ rV erK«H$¥ Vr, _XV H$aUmao KQ>H$ /A{¾em_Z Xbo/Aå~wbÝg godm/é½Umb` g§nH©$ BË`mXr. AmnÎmrZm Vm|S> XoÊ`mgmR>r J«§Wmb`mZo Á`m {d{dY Jmoï>r bjmV KoUo JaOoMo AgVo Ë`mV Am{W©H$ {ZYrMr {Z`moOZnydH© $ ì`dñWm H$aUo VgoM AÚ`mdV `§Ìgm_J«r CnbãY hmoB©b ho nmhUo, VgoM OZVoer Ëd[aV g§nH©$ gmYVm òB©b ho nmhUo JaOoMo AgVo. kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 78 kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 79 1) g§X^©gM y r 1) Mathews, Grahm & Feather John, (2003). Disaster Management for Libraries and archives. Hampshire, Ashgate Publishing Ltd. 2) Narayan B., (2004). Disaster Management, New Delhi, APH Publishing Corporation. 3) Sethi, V. K., (2006). Disaster Management, New Delhi, Maxford Books. 4) Omoer , bú__Uemór (1973) _amR>r {dídH$moe I§S>- 12 _w§~B©, _hmamï´> amÁ` gm{hË` g§ñH¥$Vr _§S>i, dV©_mZnÌmVrb boI 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) "nmdgmZo bwQ>bo nZdobMo kmZ^m§S>ma' _hmamï´> Q>mB©åg 7 Am°JñQ>, 2005 "am¡admMo amOo', _hmamï´> Q>mB©åg, Am°JñQ> 2005 "ì`dñWmnZmMr AmnÎmr', _hmamï´> Q>mB©åg, 23 _o 2008 Amg~o àVmn "AmnÎmrMm Bemam {_imbm hmoVm, nU..., _hmamï´> Q>mB©åg, 20 Am°JñQ>, 2005 Omoer, à{V_m, "_°ZoO_|Q>MoM {S>PmñQ>a' _hmamï´> Q>mB©åg, 12 \o$~«wdmar 2010 ~Zo, {Zboe, "A_o[aHo$V Ooìhm nya òVmo...', _hmamï´> Q>mB©åg, 3 Am°JñQ> 2005 7) h\$sO, _mVrZ, "A S>m` aZ Qy> Q>H° $b âbS> bmB©H$ {S>PmñQ>g,© {X Q>mB©åg Am°\$ B§{S>`m, _w§~B© E{àb 7, 2010 do~gmB©Q>g ² 1) A_o[aH$Z Z°eZb aoS> H«$m°g, 2010 Q>m°H$s¨J A~mD$Q> {S>PmñQ>a JmB©S> \$m°a ñQ>°ÝS>S>© _ogoOog A_o[aH$Z Z°eZb aoS> H«$m°g dm°qe½Q>Z {S>. gr. {Xdg d amÌ _hm{dÚmc`m§Vrc {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m dmMZ{df`H$ gd`tMm Vm¡c{ZH$ Aä`mg http://www. r e d c r e s s . o rg / p o r t a l / s i t e / e n / àm. lr{Zdmg _oK:í`m_ AmR>ëò J«§Wnmc, ñdm_r {ddoH$mZ§X amÌ _hm{dÚmc`, N>ÌnVr ^dZ, XËV ZJa, Amào _mJ©, S>m|{~dcr (nyd©) 421 201 menuitem.53fabf6cc.033f17a2b1ecfbf43181aaO/ Email : smathalye42@gmail.com ?vgnextoid=6603f700efade110VgnVCM10000089f0870a RCRDSvgnextechannel=46de1a53flc37110VgnVCM100000 3481a10a RCRDSVgnxtfmt=default accesed on 25-11-2009 2) A_o[aH$Z bm`~«ar Agmo{gEeZ 2006, {S>PmñQ>a [añnm°Ýg A {gboŠQ>oS> AZmoQ>oQ>oS> {~pãbAmoJ«m\$s, {eH$mJmo … A_o[aH$Z bm`~«ar Agmo{gEeZ \°$ŠQ> erQ> H«$. 10, A_o[aH$Z bm`~«ar Agmo{gEeZ, {eH$mJmo. http://www.ala.org/Template.cfm?section=libraryfactsheet& Te m p l a t e = / c o n t e n t m a n a g e m e n t / contentDNplay.cfm&content=25420 accesed on 25-12-2009 3) hoÝgZ pñQ>\$Z 2000, am`qQ>J Xr {S>PmñQ>a [añnm°Ýg ßb°Z … JmoBªJ {~`m°ÝS> emD$Q>tJ hoën ! hoën !, 9 ì`m dm{f©H$ \o$S>ab {S>nm°{PQ>ar bm`~«ar H$m°Ý\$aÝg, Am°ŠQ>mo~a 22-25, 2000 _Üò gmXa H$aÊ`mV Ambobm {Z~§Y. http://www.access.apo.gov/sudocs/fdlp/pubs/processings/ 00pro28.html accesed on 25-11-2009 4) hoÝgZ, pñQ>\$Z Am{U {\$Ýbo, _oar 2001, {S>PmñQ>a ßb°qZJ \$m°a bm`~«arO … {gboŠQ>oS> [agmog}g, H°${b\$mo{Z©`m ñQ>oQ> `w{Zìh{g©Q>r, Zm°W©arO. http://www.library.csun.edu/mfinley/fdcread.html accesed on 31-10-2009 {ejU hr {dH$mgmMr Jwé{H$„r Amho. H$moUË`mhr H$maUñVd H$m hmoBZ© m, nU Anwao am{hcoco {ejU nwao H$aVm `mdo `mgmR>r AmVm AZoH$ n`m©` CncãY AmhoV. amÌ _hm{dÚmc` ho Ë`mn¡H$sM EH$. na§Vw amÌ _hm{dÚmc`m~m~V {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m _ZmV e§H$m \$ma AgVmV. Ë`m§Mo {ZagZ H$aÊ`mMm EH$ à`ËZ åhUyZ `m emoY {Z~§YmMo {Z{_ËV H$aÊ`mV Amco Amho. àË`j àýmdë`m {dÚmÏ`mªH$Sy>Z ^ê$Z KoD$Z _m{hVr Jmoim H$aÊ`mV Amcr Amho d Ë`mdê$Z {ZîH$f© H$mT>Ê`mV Amco AmhoV. (emoY g§km (Key Words) … {Xdg _hm{dÚmc`, amÌ _hm{dÚmc`, dmMZ{df`H$ gd`r) àmñVm{dH$ {ejUmV I§S> nS>cëo `m {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m, VgoM Ë`m§À`m nmcH$m§À`m _ZmVhr amÌ _hm{dÚmc`m~m~V H$mhr e§H$m AgVmV. Ë`m§Mr CËVao emoYÊ`mgmR>r AZoH$ coI dmMco, J«§W Mmicoo. na§Vw {VVHo$go g_mYmZ {_imco Zmhr. _J EH$ {dMma _ZmV Amcm. àË`j {dÚmÏ`mªZm ôQy>Z, Ë`m§Mr _m{hVr {_idyZM H$m Zmhr `m e§H$m Xÿa H$amì`mV? Ë`mMr n[a{UVr åhUOoM àñVwVMm emoY{Z~§Y hmo`. g§emoYZmMr ì`már àñVwV g§emoYZ H$m`m©gmR>r àJVr _hm{dÚmc`, S>m{| ~dcr ho {Xdg _hm{dÚmc` d ñdm_r {ddoH$mZ§X amÌ _hm{dÚmc`, S>m|{~dcr ho amÌ _hm{dÚmc` g§emoYZmMr kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 80 kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 81 ì`már åhUyZ dmnaÊ`mV Amco AmhoV. Ë`m§Zm AZwH«$_o {Xdg d amÌ Aer g§jonmjao XoÊ`mV Amcr AmhoV. g§emoYZ nÕVr d gmYZo àñVwV g§emoYZmgmR>r Vm¡c{ZH$ g§emoYZ nÕVr dmnaÊ`mV Amcr AgyZ, _m{hVr Jmoim H$aÊ`mgmR>r àýmdcr ho gmYZ dmnaÊ`mV Amco Amho. {Xdg d amÌ `m XmoÝhr doioV J«§Wmc`mV òUmè`m {dÚmÏ`mªH$Sy>Z Vr ^ê$Z KoÊ`mV Amcr Amho. J¥hrVHo$ VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_YyZ 30 (100%) d amÌ_YyZ 29 (96%) àýmdë`m ^ê$Z Amë`m. hm à{VgmX CËV_ åhUmdm cmJoc. Ë`mV _wctMo à_mU (90%) {Xdg_Üò OmñV AgyZ amÌ_Üò (31%) Amho. _hm{dÚmc`mÀ`m doim, VgoM gm_m{OH$ n[apñWVr cjmV KoVm ho à_mU `mo½`M Amho. (àý H«$. 5 Vo 7) H$moUË`m dmMH$m§Mm Ë`mg à{VgmX {_imcm Amho, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. àý H«$. Vnerc 5 1) {Xdg d amÌ _hm{dÚmb`mVrb {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m dmMZ{df`H$ gd`r g_mZ AmhoV. 2) g_mZ hoVyZo {Xdg d amÌ _hm{dÚmb`mVrb {dÚmWu J«§Wmc`mMm dmna H$aVmV. C{ÔîQ>o 6 1) {Xdg d amÌ _hm{dÚm_Yrc {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m gd©gmYmaU _m{hVrVrc \$aH$ OmUyZ KoUo. 2) {Xdg d amÌ _hm{dÚm_Yrc {dÚmÏ`mªMr J«§Wmc`m~m~VMr OmUrd Aä`mgUo. 3) {Xdg d amÌ _hm{dÚm_Yrc {dÚmÏ`mªMo J«W§ mc`m~m~VMo g_mYmZ VnmgyZ nmhUo. 4) {Xdg d amÌ _hm{dÚm_Yrc {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m dmMZ{df`H$ gd`tMm Aä`mg H$aUo. 7 {Xdg amÌ H$cm 29 (96%) 13 (44%) dm{UÁ` 1 (4%) 16 (56%) àW_ 0 17 (58%) {ÛVr` 30 (100%) 6 (21%) V¥Vr` 0 6 (21%) {dÚmemIm df© d` _m{hVrMo gmXarH$aU d {dícofU 18 Vo 20 24 (80%) 15 (52%) (A) gd©gmYmaU _m{hVr (àý H«$.1 Vo 4) g§emoYZmcm cmJUmar àma§{^H$ _m{hVr H$m` Amho, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. 21 Vo 23 6 (20%) 8 (27%) 24 Vo 26 0 5 (17%) 27 d Ë`m nwT>o 0 1 (4%) àý H«$. Vnerc {Xdg amÌ 1 EHy$U àýn{ÌH$m 30 30 2 ^ê$Z Amë`m 30 (100%) 29 (96%) 3 _wcr 27 (90%) 9 (31%) 4 _wco 3 (10%) 20 (69%) kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 82 VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_Üò gdm©{YH$ à{VgmX H$cm Va amÌ_Üò gdm©{YH$ à{VgmX dm{UÁ` (56%) {dÚmemIoZo {Xcm Amho. {Xdg_Üò gdm©{YH$ {dÚmWu {ÛVr` dfm©Vrc (100%) AgyZ amÌ_Üò gdm©{YH$ {dÚmWu àW_ dfm©Vrc (58%) AmhoV. {dÚmÏ`mªMm d`moJQ> {Xdg_Üò gdm©{YH$ 18Vo 20_Yrc 24 (80%) kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 83 d 24 À`m nwT>o EH$hr Zmhr Va amÌ_Üò gdm©{YH$ 18Vo 20 _Yrc 15 (50%) AgyZ 27 d Ë`mnwT>o 1 (4%) BVH$m Amho. (Am) dmMH$m§Mr d¡`{º$H$ _m{hVr R1 : {dÚmWu {ejUmì`{V[aŠV H$m` H$aVmV, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. Ë`m§Zm ZmoH$ar (R1.1), ì`dgm` (R1.2), N>§X OmonmgZm (R1.3), d H$mhrM Zmhr (R1.4), Ago n`m©` {Xco AmhoV. àý H«$. Vnerc {Xdg amÌ R1 ZmoH$ar 2 (6%) 16 (56%) ì`dgm` 0 1 (3%) H$cm OmonmgZm 6 (10%) 1 (3%) H$mhrM Zmhr 22 (74%) 11 (38%) VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_Üò gdm©{YH$ {dÚmWu H$mhrM H$arV ZmhrV 22(74%), Va amÌ_Üò gdm©{YH$ {dÚmWu ZmoH$ar 16(56%) H$aVmV. R1.1 ZmoH$ar H$aUmè`m {dÚmÏ`mª~m~VMr A{YH$ _m{hVr `m {d^mJmV {Xcr Amho. R1.1.1 {dÚmWu ZmoH$ar nyU©doi H$s AY©doi ZmoH$ar H$aVmV Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. àý H«$. Vnerc {Xdg amÌ R1.1.1 nyUd © i o 2 (100%) 12 (75%) 0 4 (25%) AY©di o VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_Üò {dÚmWu nyU©doi 2 (100%) d amÌ_Üò 12 (75%) nyU©doi d 4 (25%) AY©doi ZmoH$ar H$aVmV. kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 84 R1.1.2 ZmoH$arMm X¡Z§{XZ H$mcmdYr H$m` Amho, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. àý H«$. Vnerc {Xdg amÌ R1.1.2 2 Vo 4 Vmg 0 3 (18%) 5 Vo 8 Vmg 0 6 (38%) 9 Vo 11 Vmg 2 (100%) 7 (44%) 12 d Ë`mnojm OmñV Vmg 0 0 VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_Üò gdm©{YH$ {dÚmWu 2 (100: ) 9 Vo 11 Vmg Va amÌ_Üò 3 (18%) - 2 Vo 4 Vmg, 6 (38%) - 5 Vo 8 Vmg d 7 (44%) - 9 Vo 11 Vmg H$m_ H$aVmV R1.1.3 {dÚmÏ`mªZm {Xdgnmir d amÌnmir `m XmoÝhr nmi`m§V H$m_ H$amdo cmJVo H$m, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. àý H«$. Vnerc {Xdg amÌ R1.1.3 hmo` 0 4 (25%) 2 (100%) 12 (75%) Zmhr VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_Üò gdm©{YH$ {dÚmÏ`mªZm 2 (100%) Va amÌ_Üò 12(75%) {dÚmÏ`mªZm XmoZ nmi`m§V H$m_ H$amdo cmJV Zmhr. R1.1.4 H$m_m_wio {dÚmÏ`mªZm _hm{dÚmc`mV J¡ahOa amhmdo cmJVo H$m, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. àý H«$. Vnerc {Xdg amÌ R1.1.4 hmo` 1 (50%) 6 (38%) Zmhr 0 3 (18%) H$YrH$Yr 1 (50%) 7 (44%) kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 85 VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_Yrc Zoh_r J¡ahOa amhUmao {dÚmWu 1 (50%) AgyZ H$YrH$Yr 1 (50%) AmhoV. amÌ_Yrc Zoh_r J¡ahOa amhUmao {dÚmWu 6 (38%) d H$YrH$Yr 7 (44%) AmhoV. R1.1.5 {dÚmWu ZmoH$ar H$m H$aVmV, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. àý H«$. Vnerc {Xdg amÌ R1.1.5 JaO 2 (100%) 16 (100%) hm¡g 0 0 doi Kmc{dUo 0 0 VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_Yrc {dÚmWu JaO åhUyZ 2 (100:) d amÌ_Yrc {dÚmWu JaO åhUyZ 16 (100%)ZmoH$ar H$aVmV. R1.1.6 Ka Mmcdm`Mr O~m~Xmar `m {dÚmÏ`mªda Amho H$m, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_Yrc {dÚmWu 2 (100%) ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z XoVmV. amÌ_Yrc 10 (62%) ZmoH$ar Va 6 (38%) narjm XoV ZmhrV. R1.2 `m {d^mJmV {H$Vr {dÚmWu ì`dgm` H$aVmV, Vo OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. {Xdg_Yrc EH$hr {dÚmWu ì`dgm` H$aVmZm AmT>iV Zmhr, Va amÌ_Yrc 1 {dÚmWu ì`dgm` H$aVmZm AmT>iVmo. R1.2.1 Vo 7 1 1) {dÚmÏ`mªMm ì`dgm` nyUd© i o H$s AY©di o 2) ì`dgm`mMo ñdê$n 3) {H$Vr doi ì`dgm`mcm XoVm. 4) _hm{dÚmc`mVrc {Z`{_VnUm 5) narjoÀ`m doiVo rc AS>MUr 6) narjm {Xcr Zmhr, Ago àg§J d 7) Ka MmcdÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar Vo `m Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. àý H«$. Vnerc {Xdg amÌ nyU© doi 0 0 AY© doi 0 1 (100%) R1.2.1 ì`dgm` R1.2.2 ñdê$n àý H«$. Vnerc {Xdg amÌ ñdV: 0 0 R1.1.6 hmo` 0 6 (38%) H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ 0 1 (100%) Zmhr 0 4 (24%) ^mJrXmar 0 0 WmoS>r\$ma 2 (100%) 6 (38%) 2 Oo 4 Vmg 0 0 5 Vo 8 Vmg 0 0 9 Vo 11 Vmg 0 0 12 d Ë`mnojm OmñV 0 1 (100%) VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_Yrc {dÚmÏ`mªda WmoS>r\$ma O~m~Xmar 2 (100%) Amho, Va amÌ_Yrc {dÚmÏ`mªda g§nyU© 6 (38%) d WmoS>r\$ma 6 (38%) Aer O~m~Xmar Amho. R1.1.7 narjoÀ`m doiog gwÅ>r Z {_imë`mg {dÚmWu H$m` H$aVmV, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. R1.2.3 {H$Vr Vmg R1.2.4 {Z`{_VnUm àý H«$. Vnerc {Xdg amÌ hmo` 0 1 (100%) R1.1.7 narjm XoV Zmhr 0 6 (38%) Zmhr 0 0 2 (100%) 10 (62%) ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z XoVmo kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 86 kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 87 àý H«$. Vnerc R1.3.1 {dÚmWu H$moUVm N>§X OmonmgVmV, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm {Xdg amÌ gwÅ>r 0 1 (100%) KaMo cmoH$ 0 0 ^mJrXma 0 0 Jm`Z 1 (16%) 0 narjm XoV Zmhr 0 0 dmXZ 0 0 Z¥Ë` 3 (52%) 0 IJmocXe©Z 2 (32%) 0 ^Q>H§$Vr 0 0 BVa 0 1 (100%) R1.2.5 narjoÀ`m doir R1.2.6 narjm XoVm Amcr Zmhr hmo` 0 0 Zmhr 0 1 (100%) g§nyU© 0 0 WmoS>r\$ma 0 0 _wirM Zhr 0 1 (100%) R1.2.7 Ka MmcdUo VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, 1) {dÚmÏ`m©Mm ì`dgm` - AY©doi 2) ì`dgm`mMo ñdê$n - H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ 3) doi - 2 Vo 4 Vmg 4) {Z`{_VnUm - hmo` 5) narjoÀ`m doir- gwÅ>r 6) narjm {Xcr Zmhr - Ago Zmhr d 7) Ka MmcdÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar - _wirM Zmhr, Agm à{VgmX {_imcm Amho. R1.3 `m {d^mJmV {H$Vr {dÚmWu N>§X OmonmgZm H$aVmV, Vo OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. {Xdg_Üò 6 (20%) Va amÌ_Üò 1 (3%) {dÚmWu N>X§ OmonmgVmZm AmT>iyZ òVmV. à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. àý H«$. Vnerc {Xdg amÌ R1.3.1 H$moUVm N>X§ VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_Yrc {dÚmWu Z¥Ë` 3 (52%), IJmocXe©Z 2(32%) d Jm`Z 1 (16%) Va amÌ_Yrc {dÚmWu BVa (Q>°Qy> a§JdUo) 1 (100%) ho N>§X OmonmgVmV R1.3.2 N>§XmgmR>r cmJUmam n¡gm {dÚmÏ`mªZm H$moRy>Z CncãY hmoVmo, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. àý H«$. Vnerc {Xdg amÌ KaMo XoVmV 5 (84%) 1 (100%) N>§XmVyZ àmá hmoVmo 1 (16%) 0 R1.3.2 bmJUmam n¡gm VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_Üò 5 (84%) {dÚmÏ`mªZm d amÌ _Üò 1 (100%) {dÚmÏ`m©cm KaMo cmoH$ n¡go XoVmV. kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 88 kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 89 R1.3.3 ^{dî`mV N>§XmMo énm§Va H$arà_Üò H$am`Mr {dÚmÏ`mªMr BÀN>m Amho H$m`, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. àý H«$. Vnerc {Xdg amÌ R 1.3.3 ^{dî`mV H$arà hmo` 4 (66%) 0 Zmhr 1 (17%) 0 {ZpíMV gm§JVm òV Zmhr 1 (17%) 1 (100%) VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_Yrc 4 (66%) {dÚmWu hmo` Agm, Va amÌ_Yrc 1 (100%) {Z{üV gm§JVm òV Zmhr, Agm à{VgmX XoVmV. (B) J«W § mc`{df`H$ _m{hVr R2 {dÚmWu J«§Wmc`mV OmVmV H$m, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. àý H«$. Vnerc R2 {Xdg amÌ VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_Yrc gdm©{YH$ {dÚmWu H$YrVar 12(40%) Va amÌ_Yrc 13 (45%) XaamoO J«§Wmc`mV OmVmV. R3 {dÚmWu J«§Wmc`mV H$emgmR>r OmVmV, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. àý H«$. Vnerc {Xdg amÌ R3 d¥ËVnÌo dmMZ 1 (3%) 8 (28%) {Z`VH$m{cHo$ dmMZ 1 (3%) 6 (20%) nmR>çnwñVHo$ {_idUo 29 (96%) 26 (90%) BVa 0 0 VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg 29 (96%) Va amÌ 26 (90%) _Yrc gdm©{YH$ {dÚmWu nmR>çnwñVHo$ KoÊ`mgmR>r J«§Wmc`mV OmVmV. R4 {dÚmWu Aä`m{gHo$Mm dmna H$aVmV H$m, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. àý H«$. Vnerc R4 J«W § mc`mV OmUo hmo` 30 (100%) 29 (100%) Zmhr 0 0 VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_Yrc 30(100%) {dÚmWu Va amÌ 29 (100%)_Yrc gd© {dÚmÏ`mªMm hmo` Agm à{VgmX Amho. R2.1 {dÚmWu J«§Wmc`mV {H$Vr dma§dm[aVoZo OmVmV, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. àý H«$. Vnerc {Xdg amÌ R2.1 XaamoO 0 13 (45%) EH$ {XdgmAmS> 10 (34%) 9 (31%) AmR>dS>çmVyZ EH$Xm 8 (26%) 4 (14%) H$YrVar 12 (40%) 3 (10%) kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 90 Aä`m{gH$m dmna hmo` Zmhr {Xdg amÌ 30 (100%) 0 27 (93%) 2 (7%) VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_Yrc 30(100%) {dÚmWu Va amÌ_Yrc 27 (93%) {dÚmWu Aä`m{gHo$Mm dmna H$aVmV. R4.1 {dÚmWu Aä`m{gHo$Mm dmna H$emgmR>r H$aVmV, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. àý H«$. Vnerc {Xdg amÌ R4.1 H$emgmR>r àH$ën 18 (60%) 18 (85%) g§X^© 2 (6%) 2 (7%) ñdV:Mo {cImU 12 (40%) 17 (63%) BVa 0 0 kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 91 VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg 18 (60%) d amÌ 17 (63%) _Yrc {dÚmWu àH$ën nyU© H$aÊ`mgmR>r Aä`m{gHo$Mm dmna H$aVmV. R5 J«W § c`mMm Cn`moJ {dÚmÏ`mªZm H$moUË`m H$maUmgmR>r hmoVmo, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. àý H«$. Vnerc {Xdg amÌ _mPr OÝ_R>on 5 (16%) 1 (3%) AZdQ> dmQ>m 29 (96%) 9 (31%) 0 1 (3%) 0 3 (10%) 7 (24%) The monk who àý H«$. Vnerc {Xdg amÌ R5 nmR>çnwñVHo$ 30 (100%) 29 (100%) J«W§ dmMZ 3 (10%) 9 (31%) àýn{ÌH$m 5 (16%) 7 (24%) The Secret 0 3 (10%) _Zmoa§OZ 4 (13%) 7 (24%) The 3 mistakes of my life 5 (16%) VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_Yrc 30(100%) Va amÌ_Yrc29 (100%) {dÚmÏ`mªZm J«§Wmc`mMm gdm©{YH$ Cn`moJ hmoVmo. (B©) {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m dmMZ{df`H$ gd`r R6 Z_wÝ`mXmIc H$mhr _amR>r d B«J§ O « r J«W§ Zm_o XoD$Z, {dÚmÏ`mªMo gd©gmYmaU dmMZ {H$Vr Amho, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. àý H«$. Vnerc {Xdg amÌ R6 ñdm_r 0 2 (6%) _¥Ë`wO§ ` 1 (3%) 3 (10%) ~« 0 0 gmda ao 3 (10%) 0 _r Agm KS>cmo 2 (6%) 4 (13%) amOm {edN>ÌnVr 9 (30%) 10 (34%) nm{ZnV 1 (3%) 5 (17%) Cnam 0 0 kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 92 sold his Ferrari Who moved my cheese ? VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_Yrc {dÚmÏ`mªZr AZdQ> dmQ>m 29 (96%) Va amÌ_Yrc {dÚmÏ`mªZr amOm {edN>ÌnVr 10 (34%) `m J«§WZm_m§Zm gdm©{YH$ à{VgmX {Xcm Amho. R7 J«W § mc`mV H$moUVr ZdrZ nwñVHo$ AgmdrV, Vo {dÚmWu J«W§ mc`mcm gwMdVmV H$m, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. àý H«$. Vnerc R7 {Xdg amÌ hmo` 15 (50%) 12 (41%) Zmhr 15 (50%) 17 (59%) J«§Wmc`mV nwñVHo$ gwM{dUo VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_Yrc 15 (50%) {dÚmWu hmo` Agm Va amÌ_Yrc 17 (59%) {dÚmWu Zmhr Agm à{VgmX XoVmV. kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 93 R7.1 {dÚmÏ`mªZr gwMdcocr nwñVHo$ J«§Wmc`mV KoVcr OmVmV H$m, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. àý H«$. Vnerc R7.1 {Xdg amÌ hmo` 10 (66%) 10 (84%) Zmhr 2 (14%) 1 (8%) H$YrVar 3 (20%) 1 (8%) gwM w dcocr nwñVHo$ KoUo VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_Yrc {dÚmÏ`mªZm J«W§ mc` H$_©Mmar 16 (53%) d amÌ_Yrc {dÚmÏ`mªZm J«§Wnmc 24 (89%) `m§À`mH$Sy>Z hr _m{hVr {_iVo. R9 J«§Wmc`m~m~VMo g_mYmZ {dÚmWu {H$Vr à_mUmV ì`ŠV H$aVmo, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. àý H«$. Vnerc R9 VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_Yrc 10 (66%) Va amÌ_Yrc 10 (84%) {dÚmWu hmo` Agm à{VgmX XoVmV. R8 {dÚmÏ`mªZm J«§Wmc`mV XmIc hmoUmè`m dmMZgm{hË`mMr _m{hVr {_iVo H$m, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. àý H«$. Vnerc R8 {Xdg amÌ hmo` 28 (93%) 27 (93%) Zmhr 2 (7%) 2 (7%) dmMZgm{hË` _m{hVr VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_Yrc 28 (93%) d amÌ_Yrc 27 (93%) {dÚmWu hmo` Agm à{VgmX XoVmV. R8.1 hr dmMZgm{hË`mMr _m{hVr {dÚmÏ`mªZm H$moUmH$Sy>Z {_iVo, Vo `m {d^mJmV OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. gmo~VMm VŠVm nmhm. àý H«$. Vnerc {Xdg amÌ R8.1 {_Ì 3 (10%) 6 (22%) J«W§ nmc 6 (20%) 24 (89%) J«§Wmc` H$_©Mmar 16 (53%) 1 (3%) àmÜ`mnH$ 4 (13%) 6 (22%) gyMZm\$cH$ 1 (3%) 4 (4%) kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 94 {Xdg amÌ A{Ve` g_mYmZH$maH$ 9 (30%) 10(34%) g_mYmZH$maH$ 15 (50%) 16 (55%) Ag_mYmZH$maH$ 1(3%) 3 (11%) gm§JVm òV Zmhr 5 (17%) 0 J«§Wmc`m~m~VMo g_mYmZ VŠË`mdê$Z Ago cjmV òVo H$s, {Xdg_Yrc 15 (50%) d amÌ_Yrc 16 (55%) {dÚmWu g_mYmZH$maH$ `m n`m©`mcm gH$mamË_H$ Agm à{VgmX XoVmV. _m{hVr gmXarH$aU d {dûcofU 1) 2) 3) 4) àýmdcr ^ê$Z XoÊ`m_Üò {Xdg_Üò _wctMr Va amÌ_Üò _wcm§Mr g§»`m OmñV Amho. {Xdg_Üò H$cm, Va amÌ_Üò dm{UÁ` {dÚmemIoMo àm~ë` A{YH$ Amho. {Xdg_Üòo {ÛVr` Va amÌ_Üòo àW_, {ÛVr` d V¥Vr` Aem {VÝhr dfmªÀ`m {dÚmÏ`mªMm à{VgmX {_imcm Amho. {Xdg_Yrc {dÚmWu ho 18 Vo 23 `m _`m©XoVrc AmhoV. amÌ_Yrc {dÚmWu ho 18 nmgyZ 27 À`m nwT>rc df© d`moJQ>mVrc AmhoV. {Xdg_Yrc gdm©{YH$ {dÚmWu {ejUmì`{V[aŠV H$mhrM H$arV ZmhrV. amÌ_Yrc {dÚmWu ZmoH$ar H$aVmV. {Xdg_Yrc {dÚmWu ho Hw$Qw>~§ mMr WmoS>r\$maM O~m~Xmar KoVmV. Ë`m_wio narjm ~wS>V Agë`mg ZmoH$ar gmoS>y Z XoVmV. amÌ_Yrc {dÚmÏ`mªda Hw$Qw>~§ mMr O~m~Xmar AgVo. Varhr narjocm Vo àmYmÝ` XoVmV. kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 95 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) ì`dgm` H$aUmè`m {dÚmÏ`mªMo à_mU {Xdg_Üò 0 AgyZ amÌ_Yo 3% BVHo$ Aën Amho. N>§X OmonmgZocm {XdgMo {dÚmWu 20% Va amÌMo {dÚmWu 3% BVH$m à{VgmX XoVmV. J«§Wmc`mV OmÊ`mMo {Xdg d amÌ_Yrc {dÚmÏ`mªMo à_mU 100% Amho. {Xdg_Yrc gdm©{YH$ {dÚmWu H$YrVar 40%, Va amÌ_Yrc XaamoO 45% OmVmV. {Xdg (96%) d amÌ (90%)_Yrc gdm©{YH$ {dÚmWu ho nmR>çnwñVHo$ KoÊ`mgmR>r J«§Wmc`mV OmVmV. {Xdg (60%) d amÌ (67%)_Yrc {dÚmWu Aä`m{gHo$Mm dmna àH$ën nyU© H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$aVmV. J«§Wmc`mMm Cn`moJ nmR>çnwñVHo$ KoÊ`mgmR>r {Xdg (100%) d amÌ (100%)_Yrc {dÚmWu H$aVmV. Z_wÝ`mXmIc {Xcoë`m nwñVH$m§À`m `mXrg {dÚmWu gdm©{YH$ AZdQ> dmQ>m, {Xdg (96%) d amÌ (34%) Va gdmªV H$_r ~«, Cnam, Who moved my cheese, {Xdg (0%) d amÌ (0%) Agm à{VgmX XoVmV. Amnë`m AmdS>rMr nwñVHo$ J«§Wmc`mV AgmdrV, `m hoVyZo, {Xdg (50%) d amÌ (59%) {dÚmWu J«§Wmc`mg H$idVmV. 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H$mhr H$maUmñVd Am¡nMm[aH$ {ejUmV Oar I§S> nS>cm Var AmVm {ejUmMo Zdo n`m©` CncãY Pmco AmhoV. amÌ _hm{dÚmc` hm Ë`mn¡H$sM EH$. BWo {_iUmao {ejU ho ZŠH$sM Cƒ àVrMo Amho. H$moUË`mhr d`mV Anwao am{hcoco {ejU nyU© H$aUo AmVm eŠ` Pmmco Amho. Ë`m_wiM o {ejUmcm EH$ Zdm Am`m_ {_imcm Amho. g§X^© J«W § gyMr 1) 2) nmQ>rc, dm. ^m. ;1998Õ g§emoYZ nÕVr, ZmJnya : lr_§Joe, n¥. 128 Asemi, Asefeh, Riahinia, Nosrat and Beni, Ali Alibeigi (2011), Effect of Informarion Literacy (IL) Group Training on Information Seeking Behavior (ISB), Library Herald,49/ 4, P.297 - 309 3) Kumar, Rajesh (Ed.)(2008), Recent Techno;ogical Trends in Management and Library System : Issues and Challenges, Delhi : Wisdom, P. 382 4) Kumar, Krishan(2009), Library Administration and Management, Noida : Vikas, P.200 5) Panda, B. 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AZ§V {edmOr XogmB© dmMZmb` ({Oëhm J«§Wmb`), Hw$S>mi òWrb _{hbm dmMH$m§Mr dmMZ A{^éMr … EH$ Aä`mg Vm|S>dbr òWrb qgYyXJw © EÁ`wH$o eZ gmogm`Q>r g§Mm{bV {ejU g§ñWoÀ`m _hm{dÚmb` J«W§ mb`mMm Aä`mg JS>qh½bO òWrb OmJ¥Vr {ejUemñÌ _hm{dÚmb` J«§Wmb`mÀ`m dmMH$m§À`m dmMZ gd`tMm Aä`mg Athaide Municipal Library, kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 149 A.H«$. {dÚmÏ`m©Mo Zmd àH$ën {df`mMo Zmd A.H«$. {dÚmÏ`m©Mo Zmd Mapusa : A Study amOlr emhÿ AmQ>©g², H$m°_g© A°ÊS> gm`Ýg H$m°boO, bmVya 1) AmS>o A{dZme à^wamd 2) A§~b w Jo A_mob Ho$aßnm 3) ~moS>Ho$ dfm© CÎm_amd 4) XodJmdH$a gm[aH$m gw_§Vamd 5) H$mio Á`moVr {edmOramd 6) _moao aU{OV Xo{dXmg 7) ZmB©H$dmS>o `moJoe gwaoe 8) nmbH$a _§Owfm ^maV J«§W{_Ì nm§Sw>a§J AS>gwio … ì`º$s d H$m`© Am¡ g m Vmbw Š `mVrb V§ Ì {ZHo $ VZ _hm{dÚmb` J«§Wmb`mVrb BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ gmYZo d g§gmYZo `m§Mr CnbãYVm d dmna … EH$ Aä`mg bmVya ehamVrb Z°H$ à_m{UV _hm{dÚmb` J«§Wmb`mVrb _Zwî`~i ì`dñWmnZ … EH$ Aä`mg A§~oOmoJmB© ehamVrb _hm{dÚmb`rZ J« § W mb`mMo SWOT V§ Ì mAmYmao {díbofUmË_H$ AÜ``Z emhÿdmS>r VmbwŠ`mVrb H$mner òWrb g§V JmS>Jo _hmamO _hm{dÚmb` J«§Wmb`mVrb {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m Aä`mgH«$_mZwgma {ZYm©[aV Ho$boë`m H$bm {dÚmemIoVrb J«§Wm§Mr CnbãYVm … EH$ Aä`mg B§Q>aZoQ>da CnbãY Agboë`m {Z…ewëH$ B§J«Or gm{hË` àH$mamVrb B©-J«§Wm§Mr CnbãYVm … EH$ Aä`mg bmVya òWrb {Oëhm emgH$s` J«W§ mb`mVrb Cn^moŠË`m§À`m _m{hVr{df`H$ JaOm Am{U Ë`m§À`m _m{hVr emoY dV©UwH$sMm Aä`mg A§ ~ o O mo J mB© ehamVrb _hm{dÚmb` 9) nm§Mmb aoIm ^mJdV 10) ndma {ZH$sVm ~m~wamd 11) amR>moS> H${dVm `_mOr 12) amD$V g{dVm {edmOr 13) gmIao Á`moËñZm OmqbYa 14) g_W© d¡embr amOHw$_ma 15) g§Jdo ew^m§Jr AemoH$ 16) qeXo gwdU©_mbm _w§OmOr 17) gmoZH$m§~io amOoe B§Ð{OV kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 150 àH$ën {df`mMo Zmd J«§Wmb`mMm g§JUH$sH$aUmMm Vm¡b{ZH$ Aä`mg A§~oOmoJmB© òWrb ñdm_r am_mZ§X VrW© J«m_rU d¡ÚH$s` _hm{dÚmb` J«§Wmb`mMo Am{W©H$ òmoV Am{U Ë`mMm {d{Z`moJ … EH$ Aä`mg bmVya òWrb H¥$fr _hm{dÚmb`mVrb g§emoYH$m§À`m g§emoYZ H$m`m©V J«§Wmb`mMo `moJXmZ nair ehamVrb _hm{dÚmb` J«§Wmb`mMo Z°H$ à{UV _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdmZwgma _yë`_mnZ bmVya ehamVrb _hm{dÚmb` J«§Wmb`mMo Cƒ {ejUmÀ`m {dH$mgmVrb `moJXmZ … EH$ Aä`mg A§~oOmoJmB© òWrb ñdm_r am_mZ§X VrW© _hm{dÚmb` J«W§ mb`mV BboŠQ´>m{° ZŠg gwajm àUmbrMo Cn`moOZ … EH$ àñVmd bmVya ehamVrb A dJ© gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`mÀ`m {dH$mgmMm B{Vhmg bmVy a ehamVrb A{^`m§ { ÌH$s _hm{dÚmb`mÀ`m J«§Wmb`mÀ`m _m{hVr V§ÌmZmÀ`m Cn`moOZmVrb g_ñ`m Am{U g_mYmZ … EH$ Aä`mg _amR>r {dídH$mo f mVrb Eo { Vhm{gH$ dmñVw{df`H$ _m{hVrMo {dídofUmË_H$ AÜ``Z {Zb§Jm VmbwŠ`mVrb "Z°H$' à_m{UV kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 151 A.H«$. {dÚmÏ`m©Mo Zmd àH$ën {df`mMo Zmd A.H«$. {dÚmÏ`m©Mo Zmd _hm{dÚmb` J« § W mb`mÀ`m àmá AZwXmZmMm {d{Z`moJ … EH$ Aä`mg Resources `m B©-g§gmYZmV Am¡fY {Z_m© U emñÌ `m {df`mVrb _m{hVr gmYZm§Mr CnbãYVm … EH$ Aä`mg lr emaXm EÁ`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>rMo {dYr H$m°boO, Zm§XoS> 1) AS>Ho$ída J§JmYa {dÇ>bamd gJamoir òWrb lr N>ÌnVr {edmOr hm`ñHy$b, emaXmZJa, gJamoir, {O. 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Eg. Ama. a§JZmWZ `m§À`m n§MgyÌrMo naÛr ò W rb lr. {edmOr _hm{dÚmb`mÀ`m amdgmho ~ Om_H$a J«§Wmb`mV Cn`moOZ … EH$ Aä`mg H¡ $ . gm¡ . H$_bVmB© Om_H$a _{hbm _hm{dÚmb`, naÛr ò W rb {dÚm{W©ZtÀ`m _m{hVr{df`H$ JaOm§Mm Aä`mg naÛr òWrb newd¡ÚH$s` _hm{dÚmb` J«§Wmb`mV B©-gmYZmMm dmna … EH$ kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 153 A.H«$. {dÚmÏ`m©Mo Zmd 10) nS>bdma amOfu gy`©H$m§Vamd 11) qeXo amo{hZr ho_§V 12) Q>oH$bo gw{ZVm ^JdmZamd 13) bmoZrH$a {H$emoa am_amd àH$ën {df`mMo Zmd Aä`mg "gH$mi' `m X¡{ZH$mV àH$m{eV hmoUmè`m "gáa§J' `m nwadUrMo Ame` {díbofU naÛr òWrb lr {edmOr _hm{dÚmb` J«§Wmb`mMo Z°H$ _mJ©Xe©H$ VËdmZwgma AÜ``Z naÛr òWrb lr {edmOr BpÝñQ>Q>çQw > Am°\$ B§{OZr`[a¨J A°ÊS> _°ZoO ñQ>S>rO_Yrb {dÚmÏ`mªH$Sy>Z B§Q>aZoQ>Mm dmna … EH$ Aä`mg naÛr ò W rb lr {edmOr {dYr _hm{dÚmb` J«§Wmb`mVrb {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m Aä`mgH«$_mZwgma J«W§ mMr CnbãYVm … EH$ Aä`mg kmZJ§JmoÌr … OyZ - Zmoìh|~a 2014 … 154

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