Bacteria Student Note Guide
A.Two Kingdoms
1. Kingdom Eubacteria ____________________________
2. Kingdom Archaebacteria __________________________
a.
Thermophiles – __________________________
b.
Halophiles – _________________
e.g. ______________is 10-15% __________
B. General Information
1. Structure:
A.
_____________(no nucleus)
B.
_____-cellular
C.
__________
D.
genetic code = ____________________
2. Ubiquitous = _______________________
3. Most ________________________ of all living organisms
C. Structure
1.
2 types of ______________
– can be identified by _______________reaction
a.
Gram positive ________________
_________layer of peptidoglycan (protein) in
cell wall
b.
Gram negative _______ _______ layer of
petidoglycan in cell wall
c.
Gram stain tells which ____________
will work against it
2.
Capsule – may or may not be present(have capsule = ____________________
3.
Pili
a.
Short hair-like projections
b.
f(x)s=
1). ______________to host
2). _______________ (_______ reproduction)
4.
Endospores
a.
formed under__________________
b.
Thick walled outside with DNA inside
c.
Can grow after many years
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d.
(some ________________anthrax spores
grew)
5. Shapes
a. Coccus– __________
b. Bacillus-__________
c. Spirillum-_________
cocci (plural
bacilli (plural)
spirilli (plural)
6. Groupings of Bacteria
a.
diplob.
streptoc.
staphylo-
Groupings of Bacteria
7. Bacterial Reproduction
a.
Asexual-___________________
 only ___ needed
 no ________________
 good for ___________________
b.
Sexual - __________________
 takes ________
 _________ diversity
 allows bacteria to transfer
__________________btwn. species
8. Classification of Bacteria
a. _______Staining
b___________ & ______________
c. How they obtain ______________
1). __________________________
eg. Anabena fixes _________________
2).Chemo – autotrophic (__________________)
 Some “eat” : NH3 _____________
2
H2S ______________
 Some make CH4 (____________)
3).
______________ (“other” feeding) eat others
4).___________ - must have oxygen
5)._________________
- oxygen kills them
eg. Clostridium tetani
___________
Clostridium botulinum
___________
6)._____________________–
can live with or with out oxygen
9. Controlling Bacteria
a. ______________________
1). How do they work?
___________cell walls or prevent _________________
2). Increases animal ___________________
 Greatly reduces the infant mortality rate
 Fight diseases, save lives
b. ____________________
1). _________ kills bacteria
2). __________ used to kill bacteria
c. ____________________________________
1). Keep foods ____ enough or _____ enough to
__________ bacterial growth
(cook, steam, boil, freeze)
2). Can / preserve with:__________________________
d. ____________ for preservation
10. How are bacteria pathogens? __________________
a. _______________ (eat) or _______ (blow up) host
cells (cell, tissue___________)
b. Secrete toxins ______________
c. Food poisoning examples
1). Salmonella 2). Staphylococcus aureus 3). Clostridium botulinum 4). Eschericia coli 11. Helpful Bacteria
a. ___________________ on plant roots (____________)
(plants need nitrogen to live! & all animals need plants to
live…)
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b. Food production eg.
c. Industrial/ other uses
 _________
 _____________ clean up (_________________)
 _____________ purification
 Synthesis of ___________& other
_________engineering e.g. ___________
 __________making (helps tourism)
d. Symbiosis
 _______________digesters in cattle guts
 ______________in human large intestine
12. Harmful Bacteria
a. _______________ (cause disease)
e.g
b. Food poisoning e.g.
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