Acid / Base Worksheet
Answer the questions to the
Acid/Base worksheet by
clicking through the following
slides that were made by you
and your classmates.
Acids
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Acids in solution have a pH below 7.0, a sour taste, releases hydroxyl ions in water,
and turn litmus paper red.
Strong acids cause severe skin burns. Also called mineral or inorganic acids.
Weak acids are mildly corrosive and normally do not affect skin.
Strong -H2SO4 - sulfuric acid HBr - hydrobromic acid HI - hydroiodic acHClO4 perchloric acid
WeakHydrofluoric acid
Ethanoic acid
Formic acid
Bases
•
•
•
•
Bases: is a substance that can accept hydrogen ions (protons) or more generally,
donate a pair of valence electrons
Weak and strong base: Strong base is a base that dissociates completely into a
metal. A weak base is a base that dissociates only slightly in a water solution.
3 examples of strong and weak: Strong: Rubidium hydroxide, Cesium hydroxide,
Magnesium hydroxide Weak: Alanine, Ammonia, Methylamine.
How to tell if a substance is a base: You can use litmus paper or bromothymol blue
and phenol red strips. Or Turn phenolphthalein pink.
Reactions
• When you mix an acid with a base a lot of
•
heat is released. There can be many chemical
reactions like fizzing or bubbling or boiling
etc.
The scientific name for when you mix the two
is neutralization.
Concentration of Hydrogen
ions compared to Distilled
water
Measurement
• You measure the acid
• In a base by…..
Examples of solutions at
this pH
10,000,000
pH=0
Battery acid, Strong Hydrofluoric acid
1,000,000
pH=1
Hydrochloric acid secreted by
stomach lining
pH=2
Lemon Juice, Gastric Acid Vinegar
pH=3
Grapefruit Orange Juice Soda
pH=4
Tomato Juice, Acid Rain
100,000
10000
1,000
100
1
pH=5
pH=6
pH=7
Soft Drinking Water, Black Coffee
Urine, Saliva
“Pure” Water
1/10
1/100
1/100
0
pH=8
pH=9
Sea Water
Baking Soda
pH=10
Great Salt Lake, Milk of Magnesia
pH=11
pH=12
Ammonia Solution
1/10,000
1/100,000
Soapy Water
1/100,000
pH=13
1/10,000,000
pH=14
Bleaches Oven Cleaner
Liquid Drain Cleaner
The pH Scale...
Alkaline
Acidic
0
1
2
3 4
5
6
7
8
Neutral
9 10 11 12 13 14
Acid rain
•
•
•
•
How does acid rain form?: Acid rain is a result of chemicals or pollution in the air
being taken to the clouds and atmosphere with the rain that is evaporated from
the earth, it forms from the pollution in the air and other pollutants on earth that
get taken back into the sky.
What chemicals are in acid rain?: Acid precipitation is rain that is unusually The
main pollutants that cause this problem are sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides .
These combine with water in the atmosphere to produce Sulfurous and Sulphuric
Acid, and Nitrous and Nitric Acid.
Damage that acid rain causes?: ruins cars, building, etc. pretty much everything
around.
Ways to solve: clean smokestacks and pipes, use alternative energy sources,
restore a damaged environment.
• Acid/ base indicators respond to a change in
the hydrogen ion concentration
• Baking soda, blue berries, cranberries
• Hydrogen ion concentration