I. Structure
A. Body covered with scales and mucus
1. increases hydrodynamic efficiency (↓ drag)
2. makes fish hard to catch
3. protects fish from infection
4. cosmoid, cycloid, ctenoid, ganoid
5. growth rings on scales tell age of fish
Bony Fish
Scales of Bony Fish
I. Structure
B. Bony skeleton
cycloid
cycloid
cosmoid
ctenoid
ganoid
I. Structure
C. Paired fins
Exceptions: caudal & dorsal fins
D. Swim bladder
1. Bag of gas for buoyancy
(controls depth)
1
D. Swim bladder
E. Operculum
a. decrease gas
= fish goes
down
b.Increase gas,
fish goes up
c. Change gas
content by
gulping air or
diffusion of
air from
blood stream
1. Hard flap covering gills
(protection)
2. Acts as a pump to draw water
across gills when not swimming
Coelocanth
II. Two types of Bony Fish
thought extinct
until 1938
A. Class Sarcopterigii
1. Lobe finned Fishes
2. A.k.a. fleshy-finned
3. E.g. lungfish
E.g. coelocanth
B. Class Actinopterigii Rayfinned Fishes
Lungfish
1. aestivate (a type of hibernation)
during times of drought
2. gulp air into modified “lung”
until rainy season returns
•
•
•
•
(including all teleosts) (23,600
species)
(96% of all living fishes)
Bony spines (rays) covered by skin
form fins
E. g. salmon, trout, perch, etc.
2
Salmon
Rainbow trout
Greenback trout
Lake Trout
Golden Trout
Brook Trout
3
Cutthroat Trout
Jungle Perch
Silver Perch
Striped Perch
Clown fish
Clown fish with eggs
4
Ocean Sunfish aka mola
Ocean sunfish & kayak
Tiger grouper
Grouper & diver
Grouper & diver
Grumpy looking Grouper
5
Record Grouper
Cleaner Wrasse & goatfish
Cleaner Wrasse & sweetlips
Hawaiian wrasse
Cleaner Wrasse cleaning gills
Cleaner Wrasse & moray eel
6
Cleaner Wrasse & puffer
Puffer / porcupine fish
Puffer / porcupine fish
Puffer / porcupine fish
Puffer / porcupine fish
Box fish
7
Box fish
Box fish
Box fish
Cowfish
Longhorn cowfish
Unicornfish
8
Humuhumunukunukuapua’a
(“Small trigger fish, snout like a
pig”)
Sea Horses
Bibliography
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
http://www.earthlife.net/fish/skeleton.html retrieved 12/6/08
http://www.itresourcing.com.au/aquaculture/species/fish/fish.htm retrieved 12/6/08
www.sharky-jones.com/.../QA7%20-%20swimming.html retrieved 12/6/08
http://universe-review.ca/R10-33-anatomy.htm retrieved 12/6/08
http://dj003.k12.sd.us/science%20labs/dissection/fish%20dissection.htm retrieved 12/6/08
http://www.sportsmanschoice.com/A%20Note%20Worth%20Reading/fish.htm retrieved 12/6/08
http://www.amonline.net.au/fishes/what/scales/index.htm retrieved 12/6/08
http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/images/subphylum_vertefish.htm retrieved 12/10/08
9