-1
r
•
" ,I
1
{I~~
'
,. ".l I
./
!
.
I
I
THE
DI:';Cldt·II~:ATIC!·:
OF' OJc:. ECTS B1 TACTILE
}.J:ilC;E.FTICL OF' TEL; 03.AL C1\\1'1'1'Y
i,
ii
./
Re_ec C~ Sue ::Jall.ler
,'(
COETENTS
1.
•
"~el cc;
•
•
•
•
•
•
• • • • • • • • 0.0 • • • • • • • • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
•
•
'..:.:. ~'~-~ of·
p:t~C(d'X::'8
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
.......................................
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
0
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • I) • •
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
I,
'T.
5.
CorJ.cl_,~)iGr:.
0
••••••••••••••••••
o •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
0
•••••••
.......................................................
/
O.
7.
•
• • • • • • 10 • • • • • • • 0 • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
,',
v
8
10
1)
-'-
14
.................................................... 19
FIGURES
1.
Figure 1
A Se:~o l<odel of the Tota.l
C01~1l!lUl1ic& tion ::;~~stem
m' ...
r
-
..•••••..... 2
-,~,
11-1. .. :,LJ.!,~
1.
Table I
The nW:lcer, '~Lean c~nu :·u:. of the squz,;:,cs of tile cievic:ticms
fro;, t:~e :le:m of the control ~,rJu;:, 2,r::1 e, ::e;."i ,ectal ::;:rC1U? •• 9
2.
Tc:cle II
The nu.c,cer, j.8an anQ :OUt! oi' the ";qu~:.res of the dcvic1tic)DS
fro":d tr;.e .. G2.D. ::;f the . . . J~,-s (_~r:.G. girls ............•.•.•.•.•..• 10
Ire st
B--orl~~
•.••••••••••..•.•.••••.•••...••••...••.•.•.•...•.• 1Li·
4.
Taole IV
!he scores, ~ean~. deviations ~ro~ the ~eans and the
s:.:ucc_:,"es 01' tile Qcviatic)Y;.s fer each of the ~lU,il.s if; the
cont::-'Dl zrc)u~~: .:.:.nc e~~j)8~·'i_·-lGnt;.i.l -' r:)u •• () •••••••••••••••••••• 17
5.
Table 1{
The :;cor83 .:,ean~;. devi~L tioe:_: froL the ::_ean" ,::T,:1 the
SC_U::j~e2 of the cievL-:.tions for eCcC~l ;;f the 1.:::'':''5 ~md the
girl~J •••••.•••••.••.•..•.••.•..••.•••••.••.••.•••.•••••.••. 13
6.
I'aole 1[1
Fisher's
Ta~le
of t for n
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 18
T~iE
DISCiULlI,',TIel; OF O~JZGT3 ~:,Y TACTIL3
2 ji;ilCiH'I 01; CF TnE ORAL CAVITY
Introduction
Tbe L:,;)ory of the function of the speech _,echarllsn as
GJste:n,
dev31o~:e(i
F ~::..~'__ r ..
',.,,1
r
...,.i\. .........'\. '-'
(4)
Cl
::ervoh: s
c,.ic1e c:oDt~ol s~---:te:_ (L~).
rs 8ntc·i ;,ere
the
i'oJ.lo~-in,~:
e -e;:>L.ent.
U:8
ci:.
il:".. I:.
:In the
n
i
:r-~~'----""\3~""'::: ;;;1,- _ 1_
~L
4S\<a~
C.
:>
l
I
J.-t----
::
I
,
I
II
--t-
L__
-
I
'
.- - - -
bI
-- ----:r-'
~_
.. __
'._'"
-
j
I
j
-
t
I
.
,-,
I
I
: 1.1 N.-
,'
I
•
I
,__\Il_~
_,
t
~
~a
II
_,
I
- - - -,
2-
?
I
'
II
~
0
II
I
=. - -J
(fI
2
.-"i--': '
II
rh
I
I
I
15)
I
5 ~ .-----I ,I
, '1
I
r - -I
~ I
I
if!
I
'2 ~I.-III
I I
:,,_<Q -
-
I
- __
_
,
I
I I I ~
I I I~
I
I ,~
I I
, I I I
......
I
It
I (
I
,Iil
I
I
I
-----'
__
<J)
I I
,-----,
1
W
Q
~
___ -lli.iii
I
t
0
II'.
~
V
i
I"
~..,
~
tD
~
It)
IJ
tJ
z f
...
~IJ
0
..2
~
)
~
0
v
~
:I
)'
Q.
{
rJ
~
~
~0
\J
~
a-\I)
0
i
~
iii
I/'J
((
Q. ~
-•
IJ:::>
It
\J
~
~
-::.-
a
u.
0
It
~
(j)
..
()IJ 2-
)
,
« ..,
b ::. ..
U
o
r
j
0
J
1-
[
~
a
w
0
lJ.
cl
0
0
t
0
~
~
4
-'
,- .,' C
" J.. ,"'
I
~
,
ILte- r t::n' 2 .,
•. ' ....
.-,
-.,"/1
~J
.'.,-
It ...1L-.
T
le
:'he
:!t:.it, the
COil .c~r~
CCL.-
tor
cls.~,
:.. otor
The
(1)
:"1 <':.,8
:::1".:.0
-3-
CIlU
0..1..
~lL,
hill
YOUll;; I
s
01
':'en::;OT
&L
inc~c
sa
1~
~Ttic~l;
T::e 1':).Le :)1' sensor 2,t.Le t ctile eui.
~cl~tively
aCCUl'ac:~
tor)
or,~~n.s,
little
er~ors.
icc~~: ~ea
h2.8 i.,een consider'eel
rese2rc~
con-
•
rc).:lLlCeci cy l1Cl'Ve 'olock ::nesthesia.
In the
firGt-~j:t
t~·~ 011
CODCAucted by ihl1 t;el
the thenar regior.s* ',;ere te:)t3u :fer atili ty to discrii:inate tvlOsti~rlul,J.tion.
i:oint
the area.s &1'e:
ridge,
ti~J,
fin:'::;r tip, liIi, soft )alE.te, alveolar
:Sefora the disorcle:::'s of the .syste:_ can ce thorout;hly
an:!
rese~,rch
understoJ<l,
::.;tud~-
.. ust:. .:;e underc.alcen to aiscover the
to investir:;;<t<3 the role of senc;er 2, the tactile end or-
ctte;:l:~t
,-,ar.s,
tonue
croer of dec::occdnt, di;:;crii(,in3tive aLility,
then~r rG~ions.
wnole 2Jste:;.
an
Iii
0,)': ,casuring
the a;ili ty of children IIi th severely d2fecti ve
articula.tion and chil:Jrell vIi tll non,wl sp:;ech
crL~inate
oLjectE
h~,r-'othesized
~laced
in the
~I
to di:3-
',th (oral stereo~::nosis).
that a disorder of the tar:·::,ile end orl;dns
tac-c.ile feeQi;ack and thuCi te
tory
cievelo~)ment
Ea~·
It
'tla s
disrufJt
caus2.tive factor in severe articula-
~,isorders.
;':ethod
Selection
£!
subjects
FourteeL first
the~'a;Jists
'\.;er6 con sidered uy their speech
to have severe articulatory disorders ::ere ;,atched in sez,
due and intelli;ence
te",cl1ers.
~rGje ~)u]ils ~oJno
Bi2, .. teen
1li th
another child in the
;:..o~'smd
521",8
cIa .~;srOOli:
ten :.::irls Here selected.
0~·
their
The d,:es of
*The theo2.r reGions re::er to -chea.lr'l of the hand or the pro.J:inence
Cit the 0C.se of the thur';0.
-5-
.. onth.
';:·roceuure
fiec:.l
·)o~;i tio(1s:
3
5
~~~cars
.::;
:·-C'-~lr~.J
~/~-,~"rs
~
[p), (tJ, (eil.
Cn,
(s), (z), (I] .(~
-6-
,CtJ. (rl.
::.en
oi)~ects
used for tie test :iere !resented to the child c.nd he
asked to name
ther~h
T:11.S ":'::,$
done
2')
V:2.S
th3.t a child wO'Jld not oe penalized
curine the test for not kno\,u:1t; the nan.e of an oLjGct that he could
nevertheless
~;as
ider_tif~'
;:;y t&ctile i;ercei.tion.
',,'hen the e;:perL:enter
assured that the child reco::;nized t:16 o;:;..:1o(':s,
the~
Her(; carefully
cleaned.
:: ';:; GoinG to ~L,t t:~E<~e;:':J.;;c. : .. tc ::"·.:ur"Quti:l. I L'2.r.t
to kee·; tl1en in the frorlt.art of ;:/our l::ov.th
Jour
front~Qet:1 so thE t ~.;)C. ..:0" t t ::,;0.L.. o',.; the~:l.
Feel tLe:,_ ,;i th
t,!licn to~ i;~ L1 j :;ur
....
-utr ...
_ v:t t,:e~-j i:~ :::r:~l ~~J{e t,LE:.,,~ 2,-~t of·", 'ur _l~'}t~'l, I
,,y:i.LL ':::L ?'U to :chut
I;': ~;:)Jj' L, sae tL~e ...
. - ,
~;.·~·.lC~·~ "LC'
'Tben I 1';0. I! t
j'JU
.. r -,)1
~
,_
,
"'tr -,
~.'"
It.,: ..... "
. ..,.
'lC2
-
O,~,
,..;C .... "_
CJ.-~o:_)'.::rl
.
,__ ~.l c.. -':'~)L
"'.,~e:;'1(-:
.- ..
.
;:.. :-.':"t
,
te,
.. ,-'1
-(II'.:.L v_
, -:- -'. i ...... :
"
~
'...\...'
C...L.,
.... _ 2..
C' '
L. -'-
,.\. '..J
I"..
'-'.;.~
,.(-" - ..
- ('
......
-~
~'
l.
.... 1,
-.- -
t.(;,~ . :.l-~ ,-:
( .
-.,
V."-,~
\
L
,c 7C).
....i..'-'
the
_._- -------------
/~_G ~-~--~(,~
.. _-----
J:
.it. ......
--
.:
IJ~
+.."
~
.1•
,
n
:~
,
-)
• --
+
:~
v
(=-:J).
'.:':::.._Le IV):
TCle
frot"'
n~~OGl',
t~J.8
_e.:;.::
1
•
'.
'~CVl;:::' :"l:J~:S
,c;al ~ 'JI
c:::r:..Gro::" Sl'OU"
= 5·7
i.,nence:
6.7 -
t =
:"L
::,;:
q
__
.J_ '.
~
-v - , ".-,'
~
of
~
l.,;,'"
confiQ(::l.lCe
J: : .
. .~ r:ull
It
irL
'-'
~
r"\
I • i.)
.......;:
'J _.
,.
,._.
-9-
:;:1.'
;:irls
~-' :)2':- S
= 1
n.
-:-
}
..
6. 5
-
~ y(~
--
'7 :
I
,,;llence: t
~
.5C
11
= 10
y
=
~ ""'../,:.,
=
5.7
I,
i-y._, •
I \..;'"
=
~
m(72.50 +
42.10
\/\L+Lj-2
= :26,
Accordi.ng tJ Fisher l ::; T,,,i:::le c>f t, ,-:;:;1.:1:...:
j1
to
.40.
this value of' t is ne':lrest
C.·)l1clusi.:'n
Ttel:ull
i~;;~)othesi5
th.::. t there i::- nc, difference :.;etv;een the true
ana it is concluaed tt2t
the~s~~~
aifferonC0S in
cavity
,,0 li
ciL;ru.ot~3
t~Jctile
are
)rQJ~~l~
fe8d.r ci:
a~.d
due to
1':;:,:~
:82.1:
~ut
;.r3.:. •,0:;:08
oral c<lvit;..
A
stuc~·
:;:oe~ected.
C~;
t~.ctile
sos the aC::1ieVt)::eLt
The test scores ,',a,;/ have (.eer,
o~jGcts
2c,le to r?call. the
of
not~6
sl:::mlci
SincfJ in sone
level ::;f ir;tellic;eLce.
'.i:'he chile. \,rr'lO
in the
not ;,., v2lid test for:eC,surin
llot I,vell ii;'.tC::ec:. in intelli enC8.
hi her
cha~cG vari~tian
tlws is cc cc,u::C:ll i';:c:,or in severe
2rticub.tory di:::orders is (.)t vcrifieci,
It is _,osS"i'cle th'lt tilL, tC.t
Tee
ot G.iffer
U~e cor~;el'?ti:'m
of
thzt he
intelli~er.ce
:12.0
seen ros-
level 1·;ith a
an influencin::: factor.
The in:.iividu2.1 int'::r re:",,:':.::.::;ns of
0"
jl;Ctc in their r: 'uths in orcic;:'
~~()
t~1e
fe":l
-11-
V,st in;3tructions also could
eV0r~-
part of tbem, Lut ;:nerely
a
f~~ o~jects
08
civen as
rc~ic~ ~te~s ~efore
the tGst is ailiLinis-
Guess.
It i;: :::.1:38
:>i' the orc.l c':.vi t:,·
•. 0'. tched
t1~1.S
role iL
ossi;';le th2.t
;:'o,:.,ncticn of
S.keC:l
tc;~tile)erce~,tion
th·t c.f::'ccts
tlle
in
ide:tif;.'
1.
, ';01'(;:
", :. L_ ,~
~,
~-·t,··le
O.L
hi~3
c~o:~e
CcC::C::;
.. 1c to discclV8r
~erce~~i~~
'--'~.
-13-
of
of
,~rticu1ator2'
'.>ll,...
~~c
A130 the
oral
c~vity
..::.irt:
!)u!~'il
sc:x
Dc;te
.
J-'
t.:_·
...lC.
D~:te
of
Test
Test
cef.
-'--'~"
7-21
1.
f
2.
f
3.
.J.
4.
f
5.
I
59
LJ~-·'~.
i~
J
CL ED?
D
rt
H
T
Tot.
--_. --- --- ,,- -- '--1---
2-7tc' , ' " .
3-9- 2-7-
59
+ +
o -+
+
00+
+
+
-t
o
::; +
7
0
4
6-6
o
,)-11
++0')0+0+00
+
0
+
:J
3-14. 2-7-"
9-4-
.
//
Do
Dc
f
:/-12,- 2-7,-
6-27-- 2-759
6~
10-5 :::-3,5,.:;
7-2
+ +
,)-5
+
+ +
0 -I-
0
+
+
+
0
J
8
0
3
+
4
+
3
0++-1
7
+
7
2'-7-
1-9- 2-7''-
f
)
66
12-4. 2-7-
:~
v.
7.
59
0-
o
00+
+
::;
+
+ +
7-1
o
/
~
U -../
+
6-7
+
:::++
0+
7-4
+
+ +
o
-1 LI-_
o
o
J
+
o
+
o
0
o
o
~~t.
=-------------:...-=--=====-.-.:.::=.-----==-:-------==.:~----~- ::::.-~- '--- :::==;;=:::;::::=;::==== - - - ' _~:crth
iu~:;il
se: Dc!.te
Dc:. -;;e
of
Test
1~. ill
T
D
Tot. J.i.t.
4-7- :2-359
66
~-10
+
0
+
+
0
+
0
00+
7-1
+ +
+
+
+ +
o
+ + +
+
+
+ +
o
+
5
1-15- 2-311. f
.59
/"
"
,--:j
7-1212. L
5-7
+
-9
+
0++++++
c
co
+
+
3-16- 2-J-
14.
_'<
15.
r;
5~,
~~L-,
7-1~
+++00+0+++
7
5-22- 2-3-
1G. ,,_
59
-t>D
+
+
0
0
+
J
00+
0
+
+
0
6
0+++0+000+
.5
000
0
0
1 ':;-26. 2- J-
53
66
'7-3
+ +
+
4-11- ;2-1-
17.
d
59
3-21-
13 •
.l.),
Go
:~-1-
66
19. "
1_'7_
20. ,.
5-11
+0++++++0+
6-9
-;-
7-1
++++
6-1J
+
0+
+
+
o
+ + + + + +
o
7
0
7
2-9-
.59
0++
0+
3-;::.5- 2-90++++++
9-22- L-9-
-15-
+
+
+
+ +
+
+ +
10
--~~
:5irU Dz\te
?ui 2.il
3e~~
D~ote
of
'l\S;:;t
)-1559
23.
24.
C-19-
,:.....).
')
C
..J~
,.
27.
~'ll
"-Go
.!..I.
65
12-13- 2-2)8
66
;;1
., '
"::::0.
;~-2-
~-3J-<'
J'j
;'(1,
.1. ___-:3";:,
dof.
:~ ~:::y~
.,)
l.
,-
..
CL
~
7'
.L-
v"
0
+
r,
0-1 1
+
0
+
+
7-2
+
+
+
+ +
0
0
0
0
';)-0
+
+
C
0
5-11
+
+
+
0-~\
+
0
+
I
'L:
~.l..i
V
+
D
II".
T
0
0
+
c,
.-I
+ +
+
+
/'/
oc
/
'7-7
'
,.
.'
/'
+
+
0
0
+
0
0
.~
;)
=
~';ronb
= :"atton
= ov2.r
('.I-
10
3
+ +
0
0
0
+
+
c
()
+
0
+ +
+
+
+ +
r'.
./
2~- 3r"
OC
2-3/
/
0·..-:"
0
+
0
'---
+ = corrsct
Tot. llt.
,~,
"
5>
Ac·tic.
u. -.:(,
h
f--~-
7-27- 2-3(.JG
59
;'-25-
l~;;e
R = Rin2:
CL =
.,D
=
CH = Ch2.ir
CL,thesc~in
D
= Dog
::ed
r,r
"
= ',\ihistle
T
=
= J: 8l.r.~~
-16-
T<:'cble
<;
""
9
".~~12
5C8re;-:,,
.. CD.ns,
Q~.;Vi~l.ti:·):-·L~~·
£·ro~·:
-::'~le
.s::'J.2..:c:::~~'
~.
c~evi2.ti~':1s
:'Jr
f
S!.18
:L:; the coc:,rc:l :J,:,l:r .?x.o
score
4
1•
2.
')
.,I.
q,.
?
c;
).
.,I
7
"'0
,)
,.
>•
hi.
I
.
"~~ e-
1 J.
14.
·
1
(
·
+1 ·
+ -+1 ··
·J
+
+J.·:3
'?
10
""
,',
Iv
5
c::
..-'
94
)
-/.'1
J
'")
?
I
·
. ".
1 '"'..
.
.·
1
-'
/
{--
,
=
·
C
/
·
?
r:
,·
j
.~,o. ~.0
x=
.J
r,
'_-I
.-
!
-17-
+1. :3
+.3·3
+1.3
:"'
.',
- .?
+1.3
"
}:
';'
j
..·
i
· 30
;/
-1_ . {
.,I
~,
;0.
+1.3
-~-r.
T~7
J
,.
'7
'I
,
1 .J.
1i
,
',..)j
'7
.
.. J
/
+J. J
i
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