2009 Annual Report of the GEM Project
2009 PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND HIGHLIGHTS
Germplasm releases and development:
• Eight GEM lines from the Ames program are recommended for release to GEM
Cooperators for the 2010 planting year. Three lines were derived from breeding crosses
with BR105 which is a tropical Suwan composite (Brazil); one line from Argentina
(AR16021) of Cristalino Colorado race; one waxy converted GEM line from AR16035
(also Cristalino Colorado race); one line was derived from CUBA164 (Mixed Creole
race); one line from FS8A(T) from the US; and one line from Guadeloupe (GUAD05).
The GUAD205 accession is the first GEM release from the Early Carribean race and the
first from Guadeloupe.
• The first selfing generation was made for the development of the CUBA164 mapping
population, producing the BC1S1. 248 BC1S1’s were made for CUBA164xB73) x B73,
and 248 BC1S1’s made for CUBA164xPHB47) x PHB47.
• Eight new sources of open pollinated dent varieties from Turkey were sib-increased for
future crossing and development. Five dent inbreds from France were crossed to the best
GEM releases for future development.
• S1’s were made in ten new breeding cross populations in Ames in 2009. Twenty-four
families of single seed descent (SSD) balanced bulks were advanced to S2.
Pathology/Entomology:
Disease data for 2009 is reported on the GEM CD, and will be posted to our website
(http://www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem/) in January. Pathology and entomology research
collaborators from the private and public sectors screened GEM lines, top crosses, and breeding
crosses for anthracnose, Northern Leaf Blight (NLB), Southern Leaf Blight (SLB), Goss’s Wilt,
Gray Leafspot (GLS), Fusarium ear rot, Diplodia ear rot, Aspergillus, European Corn Borer
(ECB), Corn ear worm (CEW), Western corn root worm (WCR), and miscellaneous tropical and
southern insects.
Appreciation is extended for the in-kind support and extensive efforts by private GEM
Cooperators DuPont/Pioneer Hi-Bred International (Bill Dolezal), and Professional Seed
Research (Jim Dodd). Collaboration by USDA-ARS cooperators included Peter Balint-Kurti and
Jim Holland of PSRU in Raleigh; Xinzhi Ni of the CGBRU in Tifton, GA, (southern insectspiercing sucking), Bruce Hibbard and Sherry Flint-Garcia of the PGRU in Columbia, MO, and
Paul Williams and Brien Henry of CHPRRU of Mississippi State, MS. Public university SCA
reports for disease and insect research can be found under Public Cooperator Reports for M.
Bohn (WCR, ECB); M. Smith (anthracnose); and W. Xu (CEW, grain mold). Disease data for
2009 can be found on the GEM CD and will be posted to our web site in early 2010. The CD
includes the following data:
USDA-ARS PSRU in Raleigh, NC (SLB, GLS)
USDA-ARS CHPRRU in Mississippi (aflatoxin data from 2008 and 2009, and preliminary
fumonisin data from 2008)
DuPont/Pioneer Hi-Bred (Northern leaf blight and Diplodia ear rot from Johnston, IA,
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and fusarium ear rot from Woodland, CA)
Professional Seed Research (NLB, SLB, GLS, eyespot, and common rust from Illinois).
USDA-ARS CGBRU in Tifton, GA (multiple insect resistance)
Additional cooperator and site data will be posted on our web site in early 2010.
Second year disease evaluation data in 2009 was collected; “GEM Germplasm Releases and Key
Traits” data for the following releases will be updated on our website. See CD for update.
• Three additional GEM releases with GLS resistance (GEMN-0077, GEMN-0095,
GEMN-0099)
• Seventeen additional GEM releases with SLB resistance (see CD)
• Ten releases with NLB resistance (see CD)
• Three releases with Diplodia ear rot resistance (GEMS-0003, GEMS-0126, GEMN-0158)
• One release with Fusarium ear rot resistance (GEMN-0134)
Highlights of important accomplishments in 2009 include:
• An enlarged shade house was constructed (102 feet x 35) that enabled introgression of
tropical germplasm with temperate sources; over 75 crosses were made.
• A new double haploid (DH) project was successfully implemented to accelerate release
of allelic diversity germplasm. Ears (423 total) from DH families representing ~50 races
were harvested and planted in winter nurseries with the in-kind support of AgReliant and
Monsanto.
• Self pollinations were made of 369 rows of BC1F1 allelic diversity project germplasm to
generate the BC1F2 generation, representing 70 races from 10 countries.
• Ear and kernel images of 50 GEM recommended lines and phenotypic descriptions are
now on the GEM website.
Quality Traits:
• New released lines with high oil (>4.5%) include GEMN0202, GEMN-0213 and GEMN0214.
• New released line with high protein content (>13%) include GEMN-0214.
• GEMS-0206 was released as a new waxy GEM conversion
Ames Location Highlights:
• One hundred and thirty-two (132) top crosses exceeded the mean yield of the check
hybrids in Midwest trials in 2009, 28 more than in 2008 (104 above check mean). Of the
132 hybrids tested, 113 were from first year trials, and 19 from second year trials.
• Approximately 14,000 plots (2,658 entries) were managed or coordinated through Ames
in 2009. Among these entries, 640 (or 24% of about 2,700 tested in 2008,) were
advanced to second year trials, and 2,018 entries were in first year trials.
• Approximately 8,254 nursery rows and 1,925 isolation rows were managed by Ames.
• Seventy new breeding crosses were observed and evaluated for breeding potential in
Ames, IA, Mt. Vernon, IN (Mycogen), Memphis, TN (C&S Crop Services), and Newark,
DE (UDEL). Twenty one (21) promising breeding crosses were identified with favorable
phenotypic appearance and/or grain quality traits at two or more locations and are
candidates for future development.
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•
Publicity about GEM research included 3 field days held in three states (Iowa, North
Dakota, and Texas) and presentations or posters were presented at two workshops by
various researchers using GEM germplasm. In addition, two student thesis projects were
completed, and three thesis student projects are in progress. Ten abstracts and eight peer
reviewed publications were authored that involved GEM germplasm research.
New GEM Cooperators in 2009:
Four new GEM Cooperators joined the GEM Project in 2009. Two U.S. private company
cooperators include AgiWise, L.L.C., and Forage Genetics. Two international private companies
include Sementes BioMatrix Ltda (Brazil), and MayAgro Seed Corp. (Turkey). These
companies will provide important new sources of germplasm and nursery support.
GEM Line Recommendations for Midwest for 2010 Release:
Eight GEM lines are recommended for 2010 release (Table 1) based on 2-years of favorable data
for yield, Y/M, NLB, and/or SLB, Diplodia ear rot, and adequate resistance to stalk and root
lodging. Four of the lines were derived from 25% tropical breeding crosses, and one line from a
12.5% tropical breeding cross. Three lines were derived from 25% temperate breeding crosses;
one of these is a waxy conversion. Yield data, and NIR results for protein, oil, and starch can be
found on the CD and in the handout for 2010 recommended lines.
Table 1. Recommended Ames GEM Lines for 2009 Release
Pedigree
Race
Type
AR16021:S0908a-039-001
Cristalino Colorado
25% Temperate
BR105:S1612-008-001
Composite (Suwan)
25% Tropical
BR105:S1612-057-001
Composite (Suwan)
25% Tropical
BR105:S1640-128-001
Composite (Suwan)
25% Tropical
CUBA164:S2008dF44-012-001 Mixed (Creole)
12.5% Tropical
FS8A(T):N1804-006-001
Mixed
25% Temperate
GUAD05:N3215-197-001
Early Caribbean
25% Tropical
AR16035:S02-615-001-B wx
Cristalino Colorado
50% Temperate
Heterotic Gr.
SSS
SSS
SSS
SSS
SSS
NSS
NSS
SSS
GEM-Raleigh Highlights (from Dr. Matt Krakowsky):
Germplasm development:
• Overall, there were about 3200 GEM nursery plots and 1700 GEM isolation plots in
Raleigh, with additional GEM-related nursery and isolation plots managed by Major
Goodman
• S1 families were developed from seventeen breeding crosses that had not been previously
worked in Raleigh, seven of which are new to GEM this year and six of which were 25%
exotic/75% temperate.
• Eleven GEM populations were advanced from S1 to S2, and eighteen populations of NC
inbred x ex-PVP, NC inbred x CML, and NC inbred x NC inbred were advanced from S2
to S3.
• S1 families were developed from approximately 30 GEM x GEM combinations.
• Breeding efforts continued on three temperate-adapted, all-tropical synthetics, which are at
various stages of testcrossing, recombination and inbreeding.
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Germplasm Evaluation in 2009 (Raleigh):
• Overall, almost 12,000 yield plots were coordinated from Raleigh in 2009, with
approximately 4500 planted in NC and the rest planted by eleven cooperators at various
locations throughout the Southeast and Midwest.
• 60 entries were evaluated at 20 locations in a second/third year trial (Exp. R1), of which 10
are recommended for release to GEM cooperators.
• 65 entries from the 2008 first year trials (of approximately 350 entries tested) were
evaluated at twelve locations in a second year trial (Exp. C2).
• Exps. R1 and C2 included 17 Holden’s Foundation Seed (LH) inbreds from both the SSS
and NSSS heterotic groups crossed on to the testers used by the GEM-Raleigh program to
facilitate comparisons between GEM releases and elite proprietary germplasm.
• Approximately 650 entries were evaluated in first year trials in North Carolina and with
GEM cooperators across the Southeast and Midwest, 480 of which were S1 families.
• 63 Breeding crosses were evaluated per se in yield trials at two locations in North Carolina,
while 97 breeding crosses were evaluated per se in the nursery for susceptibility to disease,
maturity, and other agronomic traits. There were a significant number of entries included in
both groups.
• A group of 78 inbreds from CIMMYT and IITA were evaluated at five locations in North
Carolina (Exp. M7).
• A large number of ex-PVP inbreds were evaluated on different testers across five locations
in North Carolina, and the results over years of trials conducted for a minimum of two years
are included on the CD (Exps. 02, 03, 14, 67, and 73).
Allelic Diversity:
• There were 420 nursery rows dedicated to the Allelic Diversity project in Raleigh in 2009,
along with the 80 rows devoted to the project in winter 2008 nursery.
• The Raleigh 2009 rows included backcrosses to a few new ex-PVPs as well as the standard
backcrosses to PHB47 and PHZ51. The new ex-PVPs were being evaluated as potential
replacements for PHZ51 (tall, problems with barrenness). Crosses to LH52 appear mature
the earliest, while crosses to NKS8326 were generally later than desired, and LH57 and
PHG50 fell in between.
• Sherry Flint-Garcia provided approximately 100 rows of summer nursery space for the
second year in a row for production of BC1s with PHZ51.
• Andy Ross with Pioneer Hi-Bred Int. provided 235 rows for the production of F1s in winter
2008 and 180 rows in winter 2009, while Jim Deutsch of Syngenta Seeds provided 100 rows
each in 2008 and 2009 winter nurseries for F1 production.
• 160 rows in our winter nursery in Florida have been dedicated to development of allelic
diversity-type F1s for a graduate student project. While there is some overlap with races
already included in the project, many F1s produced by this project can be used to fill in gaps
on the Allelic Diversity spreadsheet, and more F1s will produced in summer 2010 in Raleigh
with exotic temperate germplasm from Chile, Argentina, Uruguay and the US.
Alternative testers:
• Several alternative testers, including two groups from Pioneer Hi-Bred, have been evaluated
over the past several years and while we have made some changes in testers the results have
not been entirely satisfactory.
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•
•
•
Our current testers have some problems: LH132 x FR1064 does not perform well in our
Florida winter nursery, and LH283 x LH287 has lodging issues in trials. Both testers also
have problems with ear rot in Raleigh.
Evaluation of Holden’s inbreds in Exps. R1 and C2 may indicate which have the best
potential for use as testers in Raleigh.
Pairs of the most promising ex-PVPs (e.g., LH132, DJ7, LH51, Seagull 17, etc.) were
crossed within heterotic groups this summer and the related-line hybrids are being crossed to
testers this winter to determine if effective, publicly available testers can be developed from
ex-PVP lines.
GEM recommendations (Raleigh):
• Based on second and third year evaluations at a minimum of 16 locations, eleven GEM
families and inbreds are being recommended for use by GEM cooperators in 2010. All
recommendations are 50% tropical exotic, and two are derived from sources not present in
previous GEM releases (NS1 and CML420). One line is recommended based on 2008 and
earlier data, as it was too short on seed to release in last year.
GEM-Raleigh recommended releases:
Pedigree
BR51403(PE001):N16-B-044-004-001-001C-001
BR51403(PE001):N16-B-044-004-001-002G-003
BR51721(RN07):N20-B-017-002
CL-G1607(CML420):N11-008-001-007
DK212T:N11-B-016-005-B-004
DK888:N11-B-027-012-B-007
DKXL380:N11-B-007-010-B-002
MDI022:N21-B-002-003
NS1:S08-006-001-002
PASCO14:N11b-B-001-002
DK888:N11-B-027-001-B-001
•
•
Race
Cateto
Cateto
Dente Amarelo
Tropical Inbred
Tropical Hybrid
Tropical Hybrid
Tropical Hybrid
Cuban Yellow Flint
Tropical Synthetic
Cuban Yellow
Tropical Hybrid
Type
50% exotic
50% exotic
50% exotic
50% exotic
50% exotic
50% exotic
50% exotic
50% exotic
50% exotic
50% exotic
50% exotic
Heterotic
Group
NSSS
NSSS
NSSS
NSSS
NSSS
NSSS
NSSS
NSSS
SSS
NSSS
NSSS
In addition, based on one year’s data from trials in North Carolina, several selections from
CIMMYT that were derived from La Posta Sequia appear to be promising (i.e., La
Posta_Seq C7-F71-1-1-1-2-B*3, La Posta Seq C7-F96-1-1-1-1-B-B, and La Posta Seq
C7-F180-1-2-2-1-B*3) as well as CML450. La Posta Sequia is the population from
which CML339-CML343 lines were derived; those lines have performed very well in our
trials over several years. Trial M7 will be evaluated again in 2010, and we will hopefully
add locations outside of NC.
Ex-PVP lines that continue to perform well in North Carolina trials included LH132,
DJ7, NK794 and PHG39 on the SSS side and Seagull 17, LH51, LH59, LH150 and
PHG35 on the NSSS side, as well as DK_HBA1 and PHN47, which combine well in
either direction. LH150 and PHN47 are late flowering and the later has high moisture
levels in our yield trials. LH60 did not fare as well in 2009 after experiencing green snap
at one NC location and exhibiting poor tassel production in winter nursery.
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Public Cooperator Reports Funded by Specific Cooperative Agreements (SCA):
Eight university projects were funded in 2009 for a total of $129,160 (Table 2).
Table 2. Public Cooperators Supported In 2009
Name
Martin Bohn
Mark Campbell
Marcelo Carena
Natalia de Leon
Jay-lin Jane
Jim Hawk
Margaret Smith
Wenwei Xu
Institute
University of Illinois
Truman State University
North Dakota State University
University of Wisconsin
Iowa State University
University of Delaware
Cornell University
Texas A&M University
Amount
$15,820
10,000
10,000
18,340
23,000
19,000
13,000
20,000
Total
129,160
A short summary of key highlights from each SCA report is included below. Significant
progress was made this year by all SCA researchers. Space does not allow extensive discussion
of methods, germplasm development, and results in the summaries below. Please see the full
report on the CD submitted by each cooperator. These will be available on the GEM website
in January 2010.
Martin Bohn, University of Illinois: GEM Germplasm-Unlocking maize diversity for
improving host plant resistance against Western corn rootworm and other biotic stresses
The specific goals of this project are to (1) evaluate GEM materials for their resistance against
Western Corn Rootworm (1st selection step), (2) evaluate GEM materials with higher levels of
WCR resistance for their resistance against European Corn Borer and Fusarium (2nd selection
step), (3) recombine new GEM lines with improved levels of resistance to combine or ‘stack’
different resistance mechanisms, and (4) continue the Illinois WCR long term recurrent selection
program to develop new maize cultivars with improved WCR resistance. Activities in 2009
were divided between germplasm development and evaluations. The material consisted of
segregating F2 populations from GEM based material, S5 inbreds from four GEM based and
CIMMYT MIRT-C5Y, and S1 families from cycle 0 of the Illinois WCR Synthetic. Plants
showing severe WCR feeding often show poor seedling vigor, root lodging, and increased
anthesis silk interval. These traits were also evaluated in addition to root feeding damage using
the 0-3 node injury scale, and a root size/regrowth scale of 1 (large roots/intensive growth) to 6
(small roots/no regrowth). Nineteen out of 32 populations had significantly less stress damage.
These consisted of lines derived from crosses made with various selections derived from
AR17056:N2025 x DKXL212:N11a01. Among 358 S5 inbreds, AR16026:N1210 contributed
148 inbreds, and CUBA117:S1520 contributed 104 inbreds.
It was of interest that
CUBA117:S1520 material represents the first group of stiff stalk derived germplasm with WCR
in this research. Selected S1 families of the Illinois WCR synthetic will be recombined in 2010.
Research in collaboration with Bruce Hibbard (USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO) continued on the
double haploid (DH) mapping population of AR17056:N2025 x LH51 testcrossed to PHZ51
(expired PVP line). In contrast to 2008, significant differences were not found among the DH’s
in 2009 although the most resistant and susceptible genotypes in 2008 were also expressed in
2009. In accordance with Flint-Garcia et al. (2009) the results are supportive that hybrid vigor
Page 6 of 20
also contributes to improved tolerance to WCR. Test cross hybrids performed significantly
(P>0.01) better than the commercial non-Bt check, and test crosses that involved the resistant
parents , AR17056-16 and NGSDCRW1, performed significantly better than the inbreds per se.
Overall, the results demonstrate that WCR resistance can be improved with conventional
breeding procedures and exotic germplasm sources.
Mark Campbell, Truman State University: Development and utilization of GEM based
amylomaize hybrids and the identification of amylose modifying genes through QTL
analysis
Over the past year work at Truman State University focused on understanding the properties of
GEMS-0067 starch to include, 1) studying the inheritance of a major modifier gene for
enhancing the level amylose in the presence of the ae gene, 2) training students in the new SSR
marker lab at Truman State to initiate studies in marker assisted selection (MAS) for
development of high amylose genotypes, 3) examination of starch granules by scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), of ae and the double mutant, ae wx. 4) yield trials and development of
germplasm for enhanced amylose. For the first two objectives, work continued with molecular
markers to examine the high amylose modifier (HAM) gene reported to be located at bin 5.03 in
last year’s report. The inheritance of the HAM was proposed to be due to an allele designated as
sbe1:gem67 (from GEMS-0067) which elevates amylose above 70% in the presence of the ae
gene (sbe2b). This modifier may be allelic to sbe1a, although other factors may be involved (A
schematic hypothesis is presented in the full report.) Starch granules are now being studied by
SEM to characterize them for density, shape, and size and how these properties impact starch
yield and amylose content. Of particular interest was the influence of starch granules and kernel
integrity as related to susceptibility to ear rot. Double mutants were developed with waxy
converted GEM lines (provided by National Starch) and crossed to ae lines in the Truman State
nursery. A wide range of ear phenotypes were found for susceptibility for ear rots in the double
mutants. Many double mutant lines looked very promising for kernel rot. Yield trials (40
entries) were conducted in Ames and Kirksville, MO in 2009. Many GEM x GEM hybrids
outyielded the commercial high amylose checks. The most important goal of this project is to
release homozygous ae lines in GEM pedigree backgrounds. Pedigrees that have shown
consistent performance in previous years will be genotyped with SSR’s to ensure the presence of
high amylose and HAM genes.
Marcelo Carena, North Dakota State University: Development of early maturity GEM
lines with value-added traits
The corn breeding program at NDSU has been developing early maturity (65-95 RM) corn since
1933. NDSU began the EarlyGEM Project in 1999 dedicated to a long term program to increase
genetic diversity and enhance germplasm of hybrids in the North Central Region. The long-term
goal of the ‘NDSU EarlyGEM’ program is to increase the genetic diversity of early maturing
hybrids through the incorporation of exotic useful germplasm. The purpose of this research is to
develop early maturing (90RM) high quality GEM-derived lines for utilization in the northern
U.S. Corn Belt. New early NDSU EarlyGEM lines carry on average 12.5% exotic germplasm.
For earliness, selected adapted GEM S3 lines are crossed to ND2000 as the recurrent parent.
The NDSU Early GEM program started with nine source populations that consist of three Stiff
Stalk (SSS) and six non Stiff Stalk (NSS) populations. Stiff Stalk donors (CUBA117:S1520-3881-B, CHIS775:S1911b-B-B, and AR16026:S17-66-1-B) and non-Stiff Stalk ones
Page 7 of 20
(BR52051:N04-70-1, SCR01:N1310-265-1-B-B, FS8B(T):N1802-35-1-B-B, UR13085:N21511-1-B-B, CH05015:N15-184-1-B-B, and CH05015:N12-123-1-B-B) were advanced through
modified pedigree selection with early and late generation hybrid testing across industry testers.
In 2009, experiments ranging from 64 to 121 entries (depending on testers) were arranged in
partially balanced lattice designs with two replications per location. Due to the late season, slow
drying, and rainy weather no yield trial experiments were harvested as of Nov 17. Over 1,000
lines were advanced in 2009 summer nurseries, and ~500 rows were planted for 3 new synthetic
varieties. New “early” populations were received by the GEM Project in Ames for 2009, and
included selections from AR13026:S1523, UR11003:S17h49b, AR16021:N2149b,
MBRC10:N1749b, and CH05015:N4049a. New NDSU EarlyGEM populations increase our
efforts to identify alternative heterotic patterns for the Northern US Corn Belt. Although there
are no yield trial results at the time of this report, previous data from EarlyGEM identified 7 lines
that were 101% of check mean yield over two years of data. The current plan is to continue
advanced late generation testing in 2010 for a release decision of the first NDSU EarlyGEM
lines.
Natalia de Leon, Jim Coors, Dustin T. Eilert, University of Wisconsin: Development of
maize inbreds, hybrids, and enhanced GEM breeding populations for superior silage,
biofeedstock yield, and compositional attributes
In 2009, The UW Corn Silage Breeding Program continued to evaluate silage yield and nutritive
value of the most productive GEM crosses identified in grain yield evaluations conducted over
the past several years by the GEM project throughout the U.S. Corn Belt. The 2009 trials
focused primarily of the advanced-generation inbred testing and some re-testing of different
GEM materials. Five trials involving GEM materials (09AR16026, 09AR17056, 09DK212T,
09DK888, 09GUAT209) and one involving lines derived from GQS C0 were planted in 2009 at
two WI locations, Madison (May 6th and 12th) and Arlington (June 1st). Trials were planted in
triplicates in each of the locations with an average planting density of 32,800 plants/acre.
Temperatures after planting were slightly below normal for both locations, but percent
emergence did not appear to be affected by it. July was the coldest on record for our locations in
the state of Wisconsin. Some lodging was observed primarily at the Arlington location. A very
cool and wet fall season provided for a very difficult and late harvesting season this year.
09AR16026 highlights: Yields for the AR16026:S1719-052-2 populations were in general lower
than expected. On the other hand, two of the three FS8B(T):N11a-322-1 lines had high forage
yields and acceptable moisture content. It is worthwhile noting that the highest yielding check of
this trial was W605S x LH244. Inbred W605S was released by the UW Corn Silage Breeding
program in 2004 and was developed from the GEM breeding population AR17026:N1019.
09AR17056 highlights: Although six of the 17 AR17056:N2025-508-1-B-B-B-B hybrids were
above the check means for forage yield, the percentage dry matter were more than four
percentage points below the check (indicating they were very late).
09DK212T highlights: The Arlington location was discarded due to excessive lodging. Seven
of 19 DK212T:N11a12-122-1-B-B hybrids exceeded the check means, and the percent dry
matter were in general appropriate for conditions.
Page 8 of 20
09DK888 highlights: Fifteen of 19 hybrids DK888:N11a08-440-001-B exceeded the forage yield
of the check means. One hybrid exceeded the check means by ~22%. In general, hybrids had
dry matter slightly below ideal conditions.
09GUAT209: Nine of the 57 GUAT209:S1308a-084-001-B hybrids evaluated exceeded the
check means. The percent dry matter for the GUAT209 testcrosses was well within ideal
conditions.
09GQSC0 highlights: Five of 62 GQS C0 hybrids exceeded the forage yield of the checks. The
percent dry matter was within ideal conditions for the area, (>35%).
Quality evaluation for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro true digestibility (IVD), in vitro
NDF digestibility (IVNDFD), crude protein (CP), and starch will be done on selected test crosses
from each of the experiments. Based on these values, milk/ton of forage and milk/acre will be
estimated based on MILK2006, which uses forage composition (NDF, IVTD, IVNDFD, CP, and
starch) to estimate potential milk production per ton of forage. Forage yield is then used to
estimate potential milk per acre. Nutritional evaluation will be completed and the results posted
on our web site http://cornbreeding.wisc.edu. Nursery activities include advancement of the
GQS using a second generation (S2) top cross method. Seventy new GEM families were crossed
to testers and selfed for further advancement. Five new GEM bulk populations were included in
the 2009-2010 winter nursery for development.
Jim Hawk, University of Delaware: Inbred line development and hybrid evaluation in
GEM breeding crosses
The objective of the research at UDEL is to identify GEM breeding crosses with desirable
characteristics for development, release lines having value-added traits (VAT), and/or resistance
to biotic stress and to evaluate breeding methods for effective use of exotic germplasm. Seventy
GEM breeding crosses were evaluated for adaptability, flowering synchrony, plant and ear
height, stay green, grain quality, and resistance to local diseases and pests. Higher ratings were
given to the following crosses and were recommended for development: BR105:N99z,
BR105:S162699ag, BR105:S162699aj, BR105:S1641, CML341:S99y, CML341:S99y99ah,
DKXL212:S11b46,
(GEMS-0147/GEMS-0180)-B,
NC354:S99y,
CUBA173:S0422,
SANM126:N1241, and DKB844:S1601. Other breeding crosses included CUBA164:S99y,
Ki14:S99ad, NS1:S99aa, Tzi8:N99ac, and Tzi9:S21z which were recommended for making new
breeding crosses. Based on per se evaluations for plant height, ear placement, stalk and root
strength, ear traits, maturity, disease and ECB resistance, 557 S2 selections were made from two
Stiff Stalk (DKXL212:S0928 and DKXL212:S09) and three non-Stiff Stalk (BR105:N16a16b,
CL00331:N1834, and CML329:N1834) breeding crosses that had been advanced from the S1
stage by a modified single seed descent bulk procedure. Fifty seven S3 ears were selected from
one breeding cross, DKXL212:S09 (MSSDS1BS2B), that had been advanced from the S2 stage
by a modified single seed descent bulk procedure. A modified single seed descent method was
used to more efficiently advance S1 families to the S2 stage and S3 stages. Four breeding
methods, Conventional GEM (CG) (pedigree emphasizing family selection), Conventional Mass
(CM) (pedigree with both family and within family selection and more mass selection within the
initial breeding cross), Modified Single Seed Descent (MSSD) (bulk of 3 S1 seeds from each
selected S0 plant from the CM selections), and Doubled Haploid (DH) were compared using
three GEM (Germplasm Enhancement of Maize) breeding crosses: Antig01:N16DE4,
AR16035:S0209, and DKXL212:S0943b. Fifty hybrids per method were evaluated in 2007 for
Page 9 of 20
yield and agronomic performance using DH and S2 lines crossed to one tester. The selected DH
and S3 lines (~25% selection) were further evaluated on two testers in 2008.
The DH hybrids had a wider range of values in the first year results for yield (Y), yield/moisture
(Y/M), and grain moisture (M) as expected based on the greater additive variance among inbred
vs. S2 lines. In the MSSD method, hybrids had higher grain moisture than the other methods
perhaps due to per se observation family selection of the 50 S2 lines from the original 250 S2
lines which may have emphasized stay green and consequently later maturity. Although the
method means for the second year results were generally not significant for Y, Y/M, and M, the
CM and MSSD methods each accounted for about one third of the top five lines selected based
on Y and Y/M across the three breeding crosses; whereas, the CG and DH methods contributed
fewer lines to the top five than were expected. A MSSD method utilizing S3 lines for
testcrossing (self S0 in summer and advance S1 to S3 in two winter nurseries in the same growing
year or in subsequent nurseries in different growing years) may be an effective and efficient
alternative to the DH and conventional methods for both increasing the additive variance among
lines and developing lines with improved yield and agronomic performance from GEM breeding
crosses. More complete details are provided in the Ph.D. thesis:
Jumbo, M.B. 2009. Comparison of Conventional, Modified Single Seed Descent, and Doubled
Haploid Breeding Methods for Maize Inbred Line Development using GEM Breeding Crosses.
Ph.D Dissertation. University of Delaware. Newark. DE, USA.
Jay-lin Jane, Iowa State University: Development of GEM line starch to improve
nutritional value and bio-fuel production
The objective of this project is to characterize starches from GEM germplasm with value-added
utilization. Two types of starch used consisted of (i) high amylose, ae sources (having modifiers
for enhanced amylose) derived from GEMS-0067 (70% amylose) developed at Truman State
University by Dr. Mark Campbell, and (ii) normal starch maize from exotic germplasm sources
developed at the USDA-ARS Ames, IA GEM Project. This is a new SCA and results reported at
this time focus on high amylose starch and its role in the formation resistant starch (RS). RS
from high amylose maize has been reported to have many health benefits which include reducing
obesity, lowering glycemic index, and reducing the risk of type II diabetes. The study has two
objectives: 1) Understand the formation mechanism of the elongated starch granules in GEMS0067, and 2) Understand how high amylose modifier (HAM) gene dosage affected the resistant
starch content of maize ae mutant starch. For the first objective elongated starch granules were
studied using light, confocal laser scanning, and transmission electronic microscopic (TEM)
images. A mechanistic model was proposed for the formation of RS which included amylose
interaction and fusion of smaller granules which begin at the very early stages of granule
development. Amylose synthesized later in development surrounds the fused granules and result
in elongated starch granules. (See full report for excellent images of starch granule
development). In order to study how HAM gene dosage affects resistant starch content various
dosage of HAM genes were studied by making reciprocal crosses. The maize endosperm is
triploid and contains 2 doses of female genes and one dose of male. Four samples designated
G/G, G/H, H/G, and H/H were studied which had 3, 2, 1, and 0 doses of HAM genes. The
resistant starch contents were 35.0, 28.1, 12.9, and 15.7% for the G/G, G/H, H/G, and H/H
respectively. The G/G starch contained the largest number of elongated granules, while the other
Page 10 of 20
starches contained decreasing proportions of elongated granules. The results suggested that the
HAM gene dosage affected the formation of the elongated granules which resulted from the
increase of amylose and intermediate component content of starch granules. Knowledge of how
elongated granule develop and their role in RS content have potential impact in the food industry
to develop new methods for RS isolation and processing.
Margaret Smith, Cornell University: Anthracnose stalk rot resistance from exotic maize
germplasm
Anthracnose stalk rot (ASR) is caused by Colletotrichum graminicola (Ces.) G.W. Wils., and is
one of the most important pathogens contributing to stalk lodging in the US. A multi-year inbred
development effort at Cornell is designed to identify and release lines from GEM breeding
crosses having high levels of resistance to stalk rot and good yield potential. The objectives of
the project for 2009 include (1) Increase seed and collect descriptors for Cycle 0 of the new
population formed from the best non-stiff stalk inbreds derived from GEM work to date (GEM
NSS ASR Synthetic) for release as a source population, (2) Initiate stalk rot resistance and yield
selection in experimental hybrids from GEM NSS ASR Synthetic, (3) Make S2 by tester crosses
from the 75% temperate:25% tropical GEM population UR10001:N1702, and complete missing
S2 testcrosses for the 75% temperate:25% tropical GEM population CH05015:N1204. For the
first objective, seed was increased in 2009 by chain sibbing 200 plants for cycle 0. Trait values
were collected for stalk rot ratings, and other descriptors relative to known checks. Data remains
to be analyzed. For the second objective yield evaluations (with LH198 tester) were done in 3
rep trials at two NY locations, and for ASR (with B37 tester) in two reps at Aurora, NY. Yield
data was collected at one location (Kingston) and is being analyzed, but the second yield trial
location was not yet harvested (Pittsford). Stalks were split and being analyzed from Aurora.
For the third objective, work continued in the nursery planting out S2 rows of the best ASR lines
and making test crosses that were missed in previous years. Seed has been harvested and dried
for 2010 evaluation.
Wenwei Xu, Texas A&M University: Use of GEM germplasm for evaluation and
development of drought tolerance, corn ear worm (CEW) resistance, and low aflatoxin
level grain
The objectives of this project includes (1) conducting field trials for drought tolerance, Corn Ear
Worm (CEW) resistance, grain mold, and yield under drought stressed and well watered
conditions using LH and public testers, (2) develop inbred lines from GEM populations and
characterize inbred lines for stress tolerance and agronomic traits, and (3) assay aflatoxin levels
in GEM test crosses (4) evaluate 18 new GEM breeding crosses for drought, CEW, and
agronomic performance. For the first objective 150 top crosses made with GEM x Holdens or
public lines were tested for yield and stress tolerance at three locations in the Texas High Plains
and a subset of these crosses were evaluated in south Texas. A portion of the data was analyzed,
and five GEM inbreds are promising and produce competitive hybrids. Advanced lines from
ANTIG01:N16 had nice plant type and grain quality. For the second objective, ten inbred lines
were characterized for stress tolerance under well watered and drought stress conditions. Four of
these ten inbreds were assayed for aflatoxin content as top crosses. The five inbreds were
derived from CUBA117:S15, DK888:N11, BR52051:N04, SCROGP3:N1411a, and Tx205.
GEM top crosses with the lowest aflatoxin levels included CUBA117:S15 and DK888:N11
having 279 and 298 ppb respectively (vs commercial checks with mean aflatoxin levels of 943
Page 11 of 20
ppm). Eighteen breeding crosses of BR105 and BR106 were evaluated in Lubbock under well
watered and drought stress conditions and the data is now being analyzed. Biomass and silage
quality analysis was conducted on 15 test crosses made with GEM inbreds. Hybrids having
performance equal or exceeding the checks included the GEM lines derived from AR01150:N04,
and GUAT209:N19.
LAB REPORT (Sue Duvick):
Whole grain composition data for protein, oil, and starch content were generated using an NIR
Infratech 1241 with a sample transport module and whole grain calibration from Iowa State
Grain Quality Lab. All lab data are reported on a dry matter basis and available on the CD, and
will be posted on the GEM web site in early 2010. Samples are obtained from a bulk of 8 ears
from self pollinated rows. NIR data on the CD includes 2008 characterization, two year data for
S3’s and S4’s, breeding cross observations grown in Ames in 2009, and released lines from
Raleigh, NC which were grown in Raleigh in 2009.
Data for protein, oil, and starch content for the 2009 recommended lines from Ames, IA and
recommended lines from Raleigh, NC are in Tables 3 and 4. Data from Ames are 2 year averages
(2008 and 2009); Raleigh’s data are from one year (2009).
A Diamond Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) with a 48 position auto sampler was used
to measure the thermal properties of extracted starch. Selected GEM corn lines are first wet
milled with a bench top wet milling procedure and the resulting starch is evaluated for starch
applications using DSC. The variations in thermal properties are important for identifying and
selecting corn lines with unique endosperm types. DSC data for selected recommended lines
appears in table 5, and more data can be found (more lines shown) on the CD labeled as 2009
DSC data.
In addition to the DSC, the GEM laboratory has a sonic sifter from Avantech. The sonic sifter is
used to measure the particle size distribution of dry milled corn samples. GEM corn lines are
selected based on their whole grain composition as measured with the NIR. The corn is placed
into a vapor sealed chamber to equilibrate to constant moisture. The grain is milled into corn
meal in a hammer mill fitted with a 2mm screen. The corn meal is then poured in to the sonic
sifter and separated on graduated screens using sonic waves and pulses. This particle size
distribution information is used to select corn lines that have superior dry mill characters. Dry
milled corn is used for both food, feed and industrial applications e.g. tortillas, feed rations, and
ethanol.
Table 3. Two year NIR summary (2008-2009) from self pollinated bulk seed.
2010 Line Recommendations- Ames
Pedigree
AR16021:S0908a-039-001
BR105:S1612-008-001
BR105:S1612-057-001
BR105:S1640-128-001
Race
Cristalino
Colorado
Composite
(Suwan)
Composite
(Suwan)
Composite
Country
Protein
Oil
Starch
Density
Argentina
12.0
3.3
64.2
1.331
Brazil
10.7
4.3
64.0
1.321
Brazil
Brazil
10.8
11.7
3.8
4.6
64.5
62.6
1.306
1.297
Page 12 of 20
CUBA164:S2008dF44-012001
FS8A(T):N1804-006-001
GUAD05:N3215-197-001
(Suwan)
Mixed
(Creole)
Mixed
Early
Caribbean
Cuba
USA
10.9
11.3
3.4
3.9
65.0
64.1
1.314
1.310
Guadalupe
10.4
3.8
64.9
1.312
Starch
58.2
58.1
59.0
58.9
57.1
55.5
59.3
57.9
58.6
Density
1.314
1.316
1.309
1.301
1.308
1.287
1.294
1.302
1.288
Table 4. GEM Raleigh lines grown in Raleigh, NC in 2009.
Pedigree
BR51403(PE001):N16-B-044-004-001-001C-001
BR51403(PE001):N16-B-044-004-001-002G-003
BR51721(RN07):N20-B-017-002
DK888:N11-B-027-012-B-007
DKXL380:N11-B-007-010-B-002
MDI22:N21-B-002-003
NS1:S08-006-001-002
PAS14:N11b-B-001-002
DK888:N11-B-027-001-B-001
Protein
11.3
11.0
10.2
9.5
10.9
13.0
9.2
11.1
9.3
Oil
3.6
3.9
3.5
4.1
4.6
4.3
4.0
3.8
4.6
DSC data was collected to determine starch functional properties on selected recommended
GEM lines grown in Ames (Table 5).
Table 5. 2009 DSC data (1 year data) collected for selected recommended GEM lines
ToG ToR TpG TpR RnG
GEM Code
(oC) (oC) (oC) (oC) (oC)
GEMS-0175
66.7 41.5 71.7 52.2 10.0
GEMS-0176
67.2 41.9 71.9 53.1 9.4
GEMN-0177 68.3 42.1 71.7 52.7 6.8
GEMN-0178 68.8 41.6 72.0 52.6 6.4
GEMN-0179 68.4 41.9 73.0 52.7 9.2
GEMS-0180
67.6 42.3 71.0 53.2 6.8
GEMS-0181
66.2 42.1 70.3 52.6 8.2
GEMS-0182
67.9 42.1 71.8 52.7 7.9
GEMS-0183
67.6 38.2 71.5 50.6 7.8
GEMS-0184
67.7 39.1 71.7 51.2 8.0
GEMN-0187 68.4 41.6 73.6 52.9 10.3
GEMS-0188
71.3 40.1 74.0 51.7 5.4
GEMS-0189
68.0 39.8 71.7 51.2 7.2
GEMN-0190 67.2 39.0 72.5 51.3 10.7
GEMN-0191 69.4 38.5 73.3 51.1 7.7
GEMN-0192 69.0 38.8 72.4 51.6 6.9
GEMN-0193 67.1 38.7 71.7 50.8 9.1
GEMN-0194 68.1 39.5 73.5 51.4 10.8
GEMN-0195 69.9 39.7 74.8 51.4 9.8
GEMN-0196 70.1 39.4 74.0 51.2 7.9
GEMN-0197 69.3 40.2 73.5 51.7 8.4
GEMN-0198 70.5 39.6 76.0 51.4 11.1
ToG ( 0C) = Temperature Onset of gelatinization
RnR
(oC)
21.6
22.3
21.3
22.0
21.6
21.9
21.0
21.3
24.7
24.3
22.7
23.2
22.9
24.4
25.2
25.6
24.0
23.8
23.4
23.8
23.0
23.7
TeG
(oC)
76.1
76.3
75.7
75.8
76.6
75.5
74.9
75.5
75.6
75.6
77.6
77.7
76.0
77.6
77.5
76.5
76.1
78.3
80.4
78.5
78.3
80.6
Page 13 of 20
TeR
(oC)
63.1
63.9
63.5
63.2
63.5
63.9
62.7
62.9
63.3
63.5
63.8
64.0
63.0
64.1
63.9
63.5
63.7
64.7
64.0
64.0
64.4
63.4
DHG
(J/g)
10.8
11.1
11.1
12.1
12.1
12.0
11.0
12.6
11.4
11.1
10.9
12.2
11.9
11.7
12.0
12.3
12.0
11.2
11.5
12.4
11.7
12.3
DHG
(cal/g)
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.2
3.2
3.2
2.9
3.3
3.0
2.9
2.9
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.0
3.0
3.3
3.1
3.3
DHR
(J/g)
6.4
6.4
6.5
6.8
6.8
6.5
6.1
6.4
6.9
6.4
6.6
6.6
6.4
6.7
6.5
6.2
6.4
6.7
6.6
7.0
6.6
7.1
DHR)
(cal/g)
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.9
PHI %R
0.6
0.6
0.9
1.0
0.7
0.9
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.6
1.2
0.9
0.6
0.8
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.8
0.7
0.6
59.1
57.8
58.8
56.1
56.3
54.1
55.9
51.0
60.7
57.4
60.3
53.9
53.3
56.9
54.0
50.7
53.7
60.1
58.0
56.0
56.2
57.5
ToR (0C) = Temperature Onset of regelatininzation for retrogradation value
TpG (0C) = Temperature peak of gelatinization
TpR (0C) = Temperature peak of regelatinization for retrogadation value
RnG (0C) = Temperature range of gelatinization, calculated peak temperature - onset temperature x 2.
RnR (0C) Temperature range of the regelatinization for retrogradation value
 G 0(C) is the energy needed to gelatinize 4mg of starch and 8ul of water
 R 0(C) is the energy needed to remelt the crystallized starch after 7 days at 4 0C.
PHI is a discription of the thermal curve calculated as gelatinization enthalpy divided by peak - onset value.
%R is the enthalpy of retrogradation divided by the enthalpy of gelatinization x 100.
TSG Meeting, Sept 16, 2009- Highlights:
The TSG held their meeting in Ames, IA at the North Central Regional Plant Introduction
Station (NCRPIS) on September 16, 2009, and participated in the GEM Field Day on September
17. Two important agenda items included the new GEM photoperiod control shade house, and
DH application for the allelic diversity project. A nursery tour also included new breeding cross
observation plots, the CUBA164 mapping population, and the new advanced GEM lines in
second year trials. Presentations were made by Tom Hoegemeyer on Plant Breeding Education,
and by Candice Gardner on a survey taken to assess the role of GEM germplasm on student
research and education. Traits of importance for future research to GEM were discussed. Some
of the priority traits included mycotoxin resistance (and future regulations that will impact corn
exports), drought stress, potential new corn diseases not yet in the US, and biomass research.
PERSONNEL UPDATE:
Ames: USDA-ARS Plant Introduction Research Unit
Dr. Mike Blanco, GEM Coordinator and Geneticist
Dr. Mack Shen, IT Specialist
Sue Duvick, Quality Traits Lab Manager
Andrew Smelser, GEM Technician
Fred Engstrom, GEM Technician
Dr. Candice Gardner, Research Leader and Fundholder
Raleigh: USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit
Dr. Matt Krakowsky, Southeast GEM Coordinator
Dale Dowden, Agricultural Research Technician
Dr. Jim Holland, Maize Research Geneticist, GEM Collaborator.
Dr. Peter Balint-Kurti, Research Geneticist, GEM Collaborator
Dr. David Marshall, Research Leader and Fundholder.
NC State University
Dr. Major Goodman, William Neal Reynolds Distinguished Professor
IN KIND SUPPORT MIDWEST GEM PROJECT IN 2009:
Page 14 of 20
Table 6. Private In-Kind Nursery Support – Summer 2009
AgiWise LLC
AgReliant Genetics LLC
APEX-AGRI (France)
BASF Plant Science LLC
Beck’s Superior Hybrids, Inc.
Brandy Wine Seed Farms LLC
Forage Genetics
G and S Crop Services LLC
GDU Inc
Genetic Enterprises Int’l
Hoegemeyer Enterprises
Hyland Seeds (Canada)
Illinois Foundation Seeds, Inc.
JFS & Associates, Ltd.
MayAgro (Turkey)
MBS Genetics LLC
Monsanto
Mycogen Seeds
National Starch
PANNAR Seed
Pioneer Hi-Bred, Int.
Professional Seed Research
Schillinger Seeds
Seed Asia Co. Ltd. (Thailand)
Syngenta Seeds, Inc.
Targeted Growth, Inc.
Terrell Seed Research
Wyffels Hybrids
Double haploid selection and increases
Advance to S2’s CUBA173:S0446
Make S1’s in GEMS-0147 x GEMS-0115
Breeding cross obs/evaluations
Make S1’s in CUBA164:S99nS99n
Top cross S2’s in UR01089:S0548
Top cross S2’s GEMS-0002 x GEMS-0003
Top cross S2’s DK212T:S0640
Top cross lines for silage evaluations
Make S1’s in AR16021:N2149a
Advance to S2’s GUAT209:N11c46-B
Regenerate TZISTR112:N99
Make S1’s in DKXL212:S0950
Advance to S2’s DKXL380:S0815b
Breeding cross obs/evaluations
Make S1’s in BR105:S1646
Make S1’s in NEI9004:N0846
Make S1’s in BIGWHITE:99x02
Make S1’s in UR10001:99x02
Make S1’s in DKB844:S5102
Make S1’s in DKB830:S5102
Top cross S2’s in UR10001:N1708e
Make increases of UR1003:S17h49a-B lines
Top cross S2’s of ANTIG03:N1216-B
Top cross S2’s of UR11003:S17h49-B
Top cross selected GEM lines
Make S1’s in CUBA164:T26aS41
Top cross advanced GEM lines
Make S1’s in MBRC10:N1749b
Make S1’s in DK888:S0846
Make S1’s in BR105:N1643
Make S1’s in BR106:S99a99kT47
Top cross S2’s of selected lines
Backcross wx into advanced GEM lines
Top cross S2’s of AR17056:S1216
Advance allelic diversity races
Disease and insect evaluations of lines and breeding crosses
Multi-disease evaluations of lines
Advance to S2’s in AR13035:S11b46
Make new breeding crosses
Breeding cross obs/evaluations
Southern rust and leaf blight evaluations
Advance to S2’s in DKB844:N11b18
Advance to S2’s in CUBA164:T26bS41
Make S1’s in MDI022:N99d99h
Make S1’s in BR106:S99a99k
Make S1’s in AR17056:S1217
Page 15 of 20
Table 7. Private In-Kind Nursery Support – Winter 2009-2010
AgReliant Genetics LLC
BASF Plant Science LLC
Beck’s Superior Hybrids, Inc.
Illinois Foundation Seeds, Inc.
Monsanto
Mycogen Seeds
National Starch
Pioneer Hi-Bred, Int.
Semillas Tuniche Ltda (Chile)
Syngenta Seeds, Inc.
Top cross breeding crosses to SS and NSS testers
Top cross S2’s in CUBA173:S0446
Double haploid progeny row increases
Advance to F4 CUBA164:S99nS99n
Top cross S2’s of SCROGP3:N3215
Top cross S2’s of NEI9004:N0803
Make S1’s in CML329:N1546
Double haploid progeny row increases
Top cross S2’s of AR17056:N2016-B
Top cross S2’s of CML323:N1550-B
Backcross wx into advanced GEM lines
Advance allelic diversity races
Double haploid induction of allelic diversity families
Make S1’s in CH05027:F44N46
Make new allelic diversity F1 crosses
Top cross S2’s in CUBA164:T26bS41
Top cross S2’s in DKB844:N11b18
Table 8. Yield Trials 2009
091201
Cooperator
Making
Topcross*
GEM
091202
GEM
DKXL212:S11b
50%
nSS
Tropical
65
5
091301
GEM
ANTIG01:N1699d
25%
SS
Tropical
65
5
091302
GEM
BR51403:N1611c
25%
SS
Tropical
65
5
091303
GEM
SANM126:N1299b
25%
SS
Tropical
65
5
091304
GEM
07 Retest
25%
SS
Tropical
35
8
091305
GEM
DKB830:S11a18
25%
nSS
Tropical
45
5
091306
GEM
BR106:S99a99e
25%
nSS
Tropical
65
5
091307
GEM
BR106:S99e99j
25%
nSS
Tropical
65
5
091308
GEM
DKXL370:S08c17b
25%
nSS
Tropical
65
5
091309
GEM
DKXL370:S08d45
25%
nSS
Tropical
65
5
091310
GEM
NEI9004:S2817a
25%
nSS
Tropical
65
5
091311
GEM
NEI9004:S2817b
25%
nSS
Tropical
65
5
091312
GEM
07 Retest
12.5, 25%
nSS
Tropical
55
8
091313
GEM
07 Retest
25%
SS
Tropical
25
8
091314
GEM
07 Retest
12.5, 25%
nSS
Tropical
45
8
091315
MYC
BG070404:D2742
25%
nSS
Tropical
45
5
091316
MYC
CML329:N1834
25%
SS
Tropical
55
5
091317
MON
BR105:N16a16b
25%
SS
Tropical
79
5
091318
MON
NEI9004:S2809
25%
nSS
Tropical
79
5
Experiment
Material
% Exotic
Tester
Zone of
Germplasm
Number
of Entries
Number
of Reps
CML323:N15
50%
SS
Tropical
65
5
Page 16 of 20
091319
BEC
BR51403:N1617
25%
SS
Tropical
65
5
091320
BAS
CUBA110:N1709
25%
SS
Tropical
35
6
091321
BAS
CUBA110:N1709
25%
SS
Tropical
35
6
091401
GEM
Tuson(M)C11:1393
25%
SS
Tropical
45
5
095001
GEM
07 Retest
25,50%
nSS
Temperate
45
8
095002
GEM
07 Retest
25,50%
nSS
Temperate
55
8
095201
GEM
AR16021:S08b
50%
nSS
Temperate
45
5
095202
GEM
UR13085:S99g
50%
nSS
Temperate
45
5
095301
GEM
UR13085:N0228
25%
SS
Temperate
55
5
095302
GEM
CH05015:N3215
25%
SS
Temperate
55
5
095303
GEM
UR13085:S1912
25%
nSS
Temperate
45
5
095304
GEM
AR16021:S0915
25%
nSS
Temperate
65
5
095305
GEM
07 Retest
25%
SS
Temperate
45
8
095306
GEM
07 Retest
25%
SS
Temperate
35
8
095307
BEC
UR10001:N1702
25%
SS
Temperate
70
5
096001
GEM
Advance Retest
25,50%
SS
Trop/Temp
45
8
096002
GEM
Advance Retest
25,50%
nSS
Trop/Temp
45
8
096003
STA
Waxy Test
25,50%
mix
Trop/Temp
35
6
096401
GEM
Devel GEM
37.50%
SS
Tropical
65
5
096402
GEM
GEMxGEM 1
GEMxGEM
mix
Trop/Temp
45
5
096403
GEM
GEMxGEM 2
GEMxGEM
mix
Trop/Temp
35
5
096404
AGR
BC crosses
25,50%
mix
Trop/Temp
25
8
091203
NC
NC Expt R1
50%
mix
Tropical
85
1
091204
NC
NC Expt C2
50%
mix
Tropical
85
1
2383
248
Total
PUBLICATIONS:
Acevedo, D., M. Campbell. 2009. Determining phenotypic variation for starch content among
amylomaize VII inbreds with an enzymatic method. National Conference on Undergraduate
Research. La Crosse, WI, Feb. 20-24.
Blanco, M., W. Salhuana, L.M. Pollak, and C. Gardner. 2009. Evaluation of exotic temperate
accessions and release of introgressed germplasm from the GEM Project. ASA-CSSA-SSA
Annual Meetings Abstract 194-3 [CD-ROM] Pittsburgh, PA, Nov. 1-5, 2009.
Carena, M.J. 2009. NDSU corn breeding and genetics program: Integrating pre-breeding with
cultivar development in early-maturing maize. National Plant Breeding Workshop, August 3-5,
2009. Madison, WI.
Carena, M.J., L. Pollak, W. Salhuana, and M. Denuc. 2009. Development of Unique Lines for
Early-Maturing Hybrids: Moving GEM Germplasm Northward and Westward. Euphytica
170:87-97.
Page 17 of 20
EL Khishen, A.A., M.O. Bohn, D.A. Prischmann-Voldseth, K.E. Dashiell, B.W. French and B.E.
Hibbard. 2009. Native resistance to western corn rootworm (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) larval
feeding: Characterization and mechanisms. J Econ Entomol 102(6): In press.
Flint-Garcia, S.A., K.E. Dashiell, D.A. Prischmann, M.O. Bohn and B.E. Hibbard. 2009.
Conventional screening overlooks resistance sources: Rootworm damage of diverse inbred lines
and their B73 hybrids is unrelated. J. Econ. Entomol. 102:1317-1324.
Gardner, C., T. Moore, F. Engstrom, M. Lively, A. Smelser, M. Millard, and M. Blanco. 2009.
Maize photoperiod control: Part II. ASA-CSSA-SSA Annual Meetings Abstract 194-2 [CDROM] Pittsburgh, PA, Nov. 1-5, 2009.
Hallauer, A.R., and Carena, M.J. 2009. Maize Breeding. In: M.J. Carena (Ed.). Cereal Breeding.
Springer, New York, NY
Jiang, H., Campbell, M, Jane, J. 2009. June 6-9, 2009. Effect of high-amylose modifier (HAM)
gene dosage on resistant-starch content of maize amylose-extender (ae) mutant starch. IFT
Annual Meeting & Food Expo in Anaheim, CA, USA.
Jiang, H., Campbell, M., Blanco, M., and Jane, J. 2009. Characterization of maize amyloseextender (ae) mutant starches. Part II. Structures and properties of starch residues remaining after
enzymatic hydrolysis at boiling-water temperature. Carbohydrate Polymers, In press.
Jiang, H., Campbell, M, Jane, J. 2009. Sep 13-16, 2009. Dosage effect of high-amylose modifier
(HAM) gene on physicochemical properties of maize amylose-extender (ae) starch. Annual
Meeting of American Association of Cereal Chemists in Baltimore, MD, U.S.A.
Jiang, H., PhD (Thesis research in progress), Iowa State University, Ames, IA. Resistant-starch
formation in high-amylose maize. Advisor: Jay-lin Jane
Jumbo, M.B. 2009. Ph. D. Thesis (completed), University of Delaware, Newark, DE.
Comparison of Conventional, Modified Single Seed Descent, and Doubled Haploid Breeding
Methods for Maize Inbred Line Development using GEM Breeding Crosses. Ph.D Dissertation.
Advisor: Jim Hawk
Medic, J. Ph.D. (Thesis research in progress), Iowa State University, IA. Starch properties and
ethanol production of corn with different planting dates and drying conditions. Advisor: Jay-lin
Jane.
Ni, X. W. Xu, M. H. Blanco, J. P. Wilson, B. T. Scully, and G. D. Buntin. 2009. Evaluation of
elite GEM inbred lines for multiple ear and kernel pest resistance. The 73rd Annual Meeting of
the Georgia Entomological Society, on April 3 at Hiawassee, GA.
Ni, X., W. Xu, M. H. Blanco, J. P. Wilson, and G. D. Buntin. 2009. Evaluation of Elite Corn
Inbred Lines and Hybrids for Multiple Ear–Colonizing Insect Resistance, pp. 324-325.
Proceedings of the 6th Asia-Pacific Congress of Entomology (Oct. 18-22, 2009, Beijing, China).
Page 18 of 20
Scott, M.P., and M. Blanco. 2009. Evaluation of grain methionine content of maize (Zea mays
L.) germplasm in the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Project. Plant Genetic Resources:
Characterization and Utilization 7(3): 237-243.
Sharma, S., and M.J. Carena. 2009. Increasing the genetic diversity of US northern Corn Belt
hybrids with tropical and temperate exotic germplasms. ASA-CSSA-SSA Annual Meetings
Abstract 190-1 [CD-ROM] Pittsburgh, PA, Nov. 1-5, 2009.
Sharma, S., (MS Thesis research in progress), NDSU, Fargo, ND. Testcross evaluation of
incorporated GEM (Germplasm Enhancement of maize) lines for adaptation and quality traits in
US Northern Corn Belt. Advisor: Marcelo Carenea
Srichuwong, S., Gutesa, J., Blanco, M., Duvick, S. A., Gardner, C., and Jane, J. 2009.
Characterization of corn grains for dry-grind ethanol production. Journal of ASTM International,
In Press.
Yusheng, Wu., Ph.D. Thesis (completed), South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD.
Genetic analysis of amylose content in maize (Zea mays L.). Advisor: Zeno Wicks III; Donald
Auger dissertation advisor. September 18, 2009.
Yusheng W., M. Campbell, Y. Yen, Z. Wicks III and A. Ibrahim. 2009. Genetic analysis of high
amylose content in maize (Zea mays L.) using triploid endosperm model. Euphytica. 66:155164
Wenwei Xu, Gary Odvody, and Paul Williams. 2009. New stress–tolerant and low-aflatoxin corn
inbred lines. Reducing aflatoxin contamination in corn workshop. October 27-28, 2009.
Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS.
Wenwei Xu. Progress in breeding multiple stress tolerant corn. An invited presentation to the
Texas Corn Producers Board. April 1, 2009. Austin, Texas.
Wenwei Xu. Silage corn hybrids for the Texas High Plains. Llano Estacado Corn Conference.
February 10, 2009. Dimmit, Texas.
Wenwei Xu. Phenotyping corn for drought tolerance. Drought tolerance mini symposium. Dow
Agroscience, Jan. 20-21, 2009. Indianapolis, IN.
Wenwei Xu, Thomas Marek, Bruce Spinhirne, Bruce Carlson, Travis John, Brent Bean, and
Dennis Pietsch. 2009. 2009 State Silage Corn Performance Test on the Texas High Plains. Texas
AgriLife Research and Extension-Lubbock Center Technical Report No.09-4. pp.10.
Wu, Y., Y. Yen, M. Campbell, D. Auger. 2009. QTL mapping for amylose content in maize
(Zea mays L.) using SSR markers. 51st Maize Genetics Conference Abstracts 51:P218, St.
Charles, IL, March 12-15, 2009.
Page 19 of 20
PUBLIC RELATIONS AND FIELD DAYS:
Agricultural Research, March 2009, Partnering with industry pays off. pp. 15-17. Published by
Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Iowa Field Day, September 18, 2009, GEM Project Field Day held at North Central Regional
Plant Introduction Station, Ames, IA. More than 60 visitors included GEM TSG members,
University staff, graduate students, and private companies. The field days potentially increases
utilization of exotic germplasm by providing an opportunity to observe the material and review
new data, and share knowledge of breeding methods and germplasm traits.
Iowa Visitors: during the course of 2009, over 50 visitors from seven countries were hosted by
the GEM Project staff in Ames. The countries included Brazil, China, Germany, Mexico,
Nigeria, Thailand, and Uruguay.
North Dakota Field Day, July, 2009, Grand Forks County Day, Thompson, ND. July, 2009.
Oral presentation on NDSU experimental hybrids and on increasing the genetic diversity of
northern industry hybrids. Visitors included farmers, extension agents, and industry
representatives.
North Dakota Corn Growers Association Annual Meeting, Fargo, ND. February 2009.
Recognition of North Dakota Corn Council Board to NDSU corn breeding program and its work
on genetic diversity for North Dakota corn farmers, a written statement was read by a member of
the Board. A gift of $200,000 was given to NDSU.
North Dakota Nursery Field Day, Fargo, ND. October 1, 2008. Presentation by Marcelo
Carena on advanced EarlyGEM lines adapted to North Dakota. Industry, North Dakota Corn
Growers Assn., and ND Corn Council Utilization.
Nursery National and International Visits, Fargo, ND. Presentation by Marcelo Carena on
latest EarlyGEM potential releases to visitors from Univ. Hohenheim, Brown Seed Genetics,
Foundation Seed Companies, etc.
Texas A&M Lubbock Center: Wenwei Xu. A section was dedicated to GEM germplasm at the
Texas A&M Lubbock Center Centennial Celebration Field Tour on September 17, 2009.
Participants included corn producers, seed company representatives, university and USDA
scientists, Ag consultants, and policy makers.
Page 20 of 20