2014 Annual Report of the GEM Project, Ames, IA and Raleigh, NC
PERSONNEL:
Ames: USDA-ARS Plant Introduction Research
Raleigh: USDA-ARS Plant Science
Res.
GEM Coordinator and Maize Geneticist, Vacant
Coord.
Michael Peters, GEM Technician, New, Feb 2014
Technician
Fred Engstrom, GEM Technician
Dr. Mack Shen, IT Specialist
Adam Vanous, Iowa State University, Ph.D. student
Dr. Candice Gardner, Research Leader
Dr. Matt Krakowsky, Southeast GEM
Dale Dowden, Agricultural Research
Dr. Peter Balint-Kurti, Research Geneticist
Dr. Jim Holland, Maize Research Geneticist
Dr. David Marshall, Research Leader
Raleigh: North Carolina State University
Dr. Major Goodman, William Neal
Reynolds Distinguished Professor
GEM- Ames 2014 Highlights (Dr. Candice Gardner)
Midwest Germplasm releases and development:
 Two hundred sixty-nine (269) GEM releases are now available to GEM Cooperators.
 Ten GEM lines from the Ames program are proposed for release to GEM Cooperators for the
2015 planting year (Table 1). Yield data, and NIR results for protein, oil, and starch can be
found online and in the handout for 2015 released lines. Pedigree, race, percent exotic,
heterotic background, agronomic characteristics, and NIR information are presented in Tables
1-3. Six of the ten releases are second cycle GEM lines from GEMN-0097, -0140, -0155,
and from GEMS-0147, -0175, and -0180. Their parent lines derive from races that were
collected at one time from Argentina, the British Virgin Islands, Brazil, Guatemala and
Thailand. The remaining new releases derive from Brazilian and Thai germplasm. All new
codes have respectable scores for Fusarium ear mold and for grain quality.
Table 1. 2015 Ames-GEM Germplasm Releases (10)
Type
Het
Grp
Dente Amarillo/FS8BT
25% Tropical
NS
Dente Amarillo/FS8BT
25% Tropical
NS
GEMS-0262
(GEMN-0140/GEMN-0097)-B-B-027-B-B
(GEMS-0147/GEMS-0180)-B-104-001-BB
Suwan/Tusón
25% Tropical
SS
GEMS-0263
BR105:S1626(GEMS-0175)-B-049-B-B
Composite Suwan/Tusón
25% Tropical
SS
GEMS-0264
BR105:S1643-078-001-B-B
Composite Suwan
25% Tropical
SS
GEM Code
Pedigree
GEMN-0260
(GEMN-0140/GEMN-0097)-B-B-026-B-B
GEMN-0261
Race
GEMS-0265
DKXL212:S0950-B-083-B-B
Hybrid Tropical
25% Tropical
SS
GEMN-0266
NEI9008:N0826(GEMN-0155)-B-074-B-B
Suwan/Cristalino Colorado
25% Tropical
NS
GEMN-0267
NEI9008:N0826(GEMN-0155)-B-095-B-B
Suwan/Cristalino Colorado
25% Tropical
NS
GEMS-0268
NS1:S0852-B-021-B-B
Suwan
25% Tropical
SS
GEMS-0269
NS1:S0852-B-054-B-B
Suwan
25% Tropical
SS
1
Table 2: Summary of the 10 GEM Ames Released Lines for 2015
GEM Code
GEMN-0260
GEMN-0261
GEMS-0262
GEMS-0263
GEMS-0264
GEMS-0265
GEMN-0266
GEMN-0267
GEMS-0268
GEMS-0269
Cob Color
White
White
R&W
White
White
Red
Red
Red
White
Red
Grain color
Pale Yellow
Pale Yellow
Bright Yellow
Orange/Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
Orange
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
Grain
Texture
Medium Dent
Medium Dent
Dent
Semi-Flint
Semi-Flint
Dent
Semi-Flint
Dent
Medium Dent
Medium Dent
Table 3: Topcross Maturity of 2015 Ames-GEM Germplasm Releases
Top Cross RM & Ear Height Estimates
Average
Estimated
RM
Ear
Height
(cm)
GEM Code
Pedigree
GEMN-0260
(GEMN-0140/GEMN-0097)-B-B-026
110
110
GEMN-0261
(GEMN-0140/GEMN-0097)-B-B-027
110
90
GEMS-0262
(GEMS-0147/GEMS-0180)-B-104-001
119
100
GEMS-0263
BR105:S1626(GEMS-0175)-B-049
116
110
GEMS-0264
BR105:S1643-078-001
116
110
GEMS-0265
DKXL212:S0950-B-083
116
110
GEMN-0266
NEI9008:N0826(GEMN-0155)-B-074
116
130
GEMN-0267
NEI9008:N0826(GEMN-0155)-B-095
115
120
GEMS-0268
NS1:S0852-B-021
118
115
GEMS-0269
NS1:S0852-B-054
113
95
HC33xLH287
109
110
MBS3633xMBS8814
113
125
LH200xLH262
118
140
34R65
~109
105
33F85
~114
110
31D58
~119
100
Hybrid Checks
Summary tables of the newly released lines performance in testcross can be found in the section
of this book tabbed ‘Released Lines.’
2
Whole grain composition analysis was generated using an NIR Infratech 1241 with sample
transport module in Dr. Paul Scott’s lab (USDA-ARS CICGRU). Samples were obtained from a
bulk of at least 8 ears from self pollinated rows, and are presented in Table 2.
Table 4. Two Year Flowering & NIR Trait Data of 2015 GEM-Ames Line Releases
Lines per se Data
NIR Data 2014
Days
to
Pollination
GDU's
to
Pollination
Protein
Oil
Star
ch
Densi
ty
GEM
Code
Pedigree
GEMN-0260
(GEMN-0140/GEMN-0097)-B-B-026-B-B
64
1287
8.3
2.9
61.4
1.2
GEMN-0261
(GEMN-0140/GEMN-0097)-B-B-027-B-B
68
1374
8.3
3.1
61.0
1.2
GEMS-0262
(GEMS-0147/GEMS-0180)-B-104-001-B-B
69
1401
8.7
3.1
61.2
1.4
GEMS-0263
BR105:S1626(GEMS-0175)-B-049-B-B
71
1436
11.2
4.0
57.7
1.4
GEMS-0264
BR105:S1643-078-001-B-B
71
1436
10.9
3.6
58.5
1.4
GEMS-0265
DKXL212:S0950-B-083-B-B
67
1352
9.8
3.7
59.1
1.3
GEMN-0266
NEI9008:N0826(GEMN-0155)-B-074-B-B
73
1469
9.4
3.4
60.1
1.3
GEMN-0267
NEI9008:N0826(GEMN-0155)-B-095-B-B
71
1436
10.3
3.4
59.3
1.4
GEMS-0268
NS1:S0852-B-021-B-B
71
1436
8.5
3.4
60.8
1.3
GEMS-0269
NS1:S0852-B-054-B-B
66
1334
10.6
3.2
59.2
1.3
B73
70
1419
2014 Research & Breeding Activities
 A second year trial of 400 top crosses of BC1S2 generation families of CUBA164xB73) x B73
and CUBA164xPHB47) x PHB47 were planted in yield trials at four locations at low,
medium, and high population densities, collaborative research with Dr. Jode Edwards. This
research is designed to provide a better understanding of the effects of exotic alleles from
CUBA164, particularly for response to high plant density, and is part of an MS thesis study.
 Eighty eight new breeding crosses were made in the Ames nursery. GEM Cooperators made
15 additional breeding crosses as part of their in kind support.
 Twelve new breeding cross populations were assigned to Cooperators for in kind support.
Twelve families of single seed descent (SSD) balanced bulks were advanced to S2 in Ames,
and two were advanced by Cooperators.
 Twenty-two populations of BC1’s were sibbed in Puerto Rico in January 2013 as a result of
TSG member support. The BC1-sib1 generation was returned to Ames and random mated a
second generation in 2013 to generate the BC1-sib2. Four family sets of the random mated
populations (BC1-sib1 and BC1-sib2 and the original BC1’s were induced in 2014 in Ames to
generate haploids, as well as advanced conventionally. This study was designed to compare
the frequency of exotic alleles in doubled haploid lines developed directly from the BC1 vs.
from BC1’s random mated for one or two generations, and similarly from conventionally
derived lines. Families induced in summer 2014 include Cuba 164, Amargo-ARZM 03 014,
Tusón-CUB 67, and Tusón-BAI III, all with the PHB47 recurrent parent.
 Ph.D. student Adam Vanous' research objectives are to utilize 1) selection mapping to dissect
the genetic architecture of adaptation from the tropics to the U.S. Corn Belt (mass selected
populations), and 2) association mapping to dissect the genetic architecture of flowering time
and photoperiod response in exotic derived DH lines. Three tropical landraces, Tusón
3
(Hallauer, 1999), Tuxpeño (Hallauer, 1994), and Suwan-1, are the sources of exotic
germplasm that have undergone pre-breeding and were adapted to the Midwest Corn Belt
through recurrent mass selection on the basis of early female flowering. Two hundred-fiftytwo BC1F1 derived doubled haploids (DH) lines represent the backcross method of
introgression. Current and novel mapping techniques will be used to indentify loci associated
with early flowering time in maize.
Host Plant Resistance:
2014 disease data will be posted online at our website (http://www.public.iastate.edu/~usdagem/) in January. Pathology and entomology research collaborators from the private and public
sectors screened GEM lines, top crosses, and breeding crosses for Northern Leaf Blight (NLB),
Southern Leaf Blight (SLB), Goss’s Wilt, Gray Leafspot (GLS), Diplodia ear rot (DIPPER),
Aspergillus (aflatoxin and other mycotoxins), Corn ear worm (CEW), Fall Armyworm (FAW),
and Western corn root worm (WCR). Please see the quality traits sections regarding ear mold and
mycotoxin studies.
A wet spring and excessive rain events followed by the dry summer impacted data collection and
resulted in some missing plots, but less so than in recent years. Appreciation is extended for the
in-kind support and extensive efforts by private and public GEM Cooperators:
 CAAS (Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science) provided agronomic evaluations and
disease ratings for various leaf blights including MRDV, Fusarium ear mold, and for common
smut.
 DuPont/Pioneer Hi-Bred International (Bill Dolezal at Johnston, IA, and Mark Mancl at
Woodland, CA) .NLB or DIPPER data were collected at Johnston and Fusarium ear rot and
Head Smut were successfully evaluated at Woodland, CA,.
 Professional Seed Research (Jim Dodd) for their efforts collecting data on Goss’Wilt,
Eyespot, GLS, NLB, and SLB.
 3rd Millennium Genetics (Ed and Raechel Baumgartner) for tropical insect evaluations on
GEM lines in Puerto Rico which was particularly helpful to identify some material for Fall
Armyworm (see Table following public cooperator reports).
 USDA-ARS-CGBRU (Xinzhi Ni) in Tifton, GA collected data for Corn ear worm (CEW),
and Fall Armyworm.
 USDA-ARS-PSRU in Raleigh, NC provided data for SLB (Peter Balint-Kurti) and Fusarium
ear rot (Jim Holland).
 USDA-ARS-PGRU, Columbia, MO (Bruce Hibbard) evaluated corn rootworm (CRW)
 USDA-ARS-CHPRRU, Mississippi State, MS (Paul Williams and Gary Windham) evaluated
aflatoxin in grain.
Second year host plant resistance evaluation data (2014) will be posted to our website under
“GEM Germplasm Releases and Key Traits”. Unfortunately, there has not been time to review
1st and 2nd year data together at the time of this report. Appended to the end of this document are
tables from P. Williams on evaluations of germplasm for aflatoxin, and from E. and R.
Baumgartner for fall armyworm evaluation trials.
Ames 2014 Allelic Diversity (AD) and Double Haploids (DH):
 The Iowa State University Doubled Haploid Facility continues to partner with the GEM
Project on development of DH lines. Approximately 204 lines (representing ~52 races) were
jointly released by ISU and USDA-ARS in 2014 as part of the Allelic Diversity Project. The
DH lines provide unique genetic resources for a wide variety of maize research applications.
 Twenty sets of the doubled haploid released lines were distributed to requestors, and a subset
of lines to those who wished to narrowly targeted their requests. Another seed increase was
made of the 204 DH lines this summer, and phenotypic information was collected in Ames.
4


Approximately 237 new DH lines (DH0) were advanced to DH1 in 2014. This was part of
Andrew Smelser’s thesis research to study the rate of induction and doubling with exotic
germplasm from the allelic diversity project.
Self pollinations were made in 580 rows ranging from BC1F5 to BC1F6 allelic diversity
project germplasm to generate the BC1F6 to BC1F7 generations. This effort is part of the GEM
allelic diversity project but information will be used in various thesis research projects
Ames 2014 Yield Test, Nursery and Other Highlights:
 Approximately 15,370 plots (2,530 entries) were managed or coordinated through Ames in
2014 (increase of more than 50% over 2013).
 Among these, 470 entries (18.6%) were in 2nd year and 2,060 entries were in 1st year trials.
 Two hundred and two (202) top crosses out of 2,530 entries exceeded the mean yield of the
check hybrids in Midwest trials in 2014. Of the 202 hybrids that exceeded the mean, 142
were from first year trials, and 60 from second year trials.
 Approximately 7,460 nursery rows for pollination, over 300 for observation, and 1,880
isolation rows were managed by Ames.
 One hundred new breeding crosses were observed and evaluated for breeding potential in
Ames, IA, Ft. Branch, IN (AgReliant), and Memphis, TN (G&S Crop Services). Of these
100, 44 had above average scores at all three locations; 28 scored >6.0 on a 1-9 scale and will
be considered for development.
Quality Traits (including grain mold/mycotoxin):
 The newly released GEM lines were not noteworthy for protein, oil or starch traits.
 An unreleased line, AR17056:S1217-B-001-B showed segregation in the next generation of
harvested ears for a waxy trait. This line was not sufficiently high performing to release, but
is available to interested cooperators.
 Aflatoxin analyses show six breeding crosses with very low, promising levels of aflatoxin
(Appendix Table 1). The report by Paul Williams and Gary Windham will be available
online.
 Three newly released lines were evaluated favorably for Fusarium ear mold.
New GEM Cooperators in 2014:
One new private U.S. Cooperator joined the GEM Project in 2014; Summit Genetics (in
cooperation with KMR) conducted yield trials in Stanton and Takama, Nebraska.
New international cooperators include Global Investors, LLLP, of Des Moines, IA with their
partner companies Misr Hytech (Cairo, Egypt) and Hytech Seed India Pvt. Ltd.
(Hyderabad, India). These international cooperators have already provided valuable
information on GEM germplasm resistant to late wilt in their respective environments,
and will continue to screen germplasm for late wilt, southern rust, and other diseases as
opportunities are presented.
5
2014 Annual Report of the GEM Project
GEM-Raleigh Highlights
Germplasm releases:
 Seven GEM lines from the Raleigh program are recommended for release to GEM
Cooperators for 2015. Yield data can be found in this book or on the GEM website and
additional agronomic data can be found in the table at the end of this report. Releases
include two lines derived from Dekalb tropical hybrids, two from Florida Synthetic B,
one from a Suwan synthetic, one from Tuxpeno and one from St Croix.
GEM code
Pedigree
Race
Country
GEMS-0253
DK212T:S0640-034-002
Tropical hybrid
Thailand
GEMN-0254
FS8B(T):N11a-225-002
Mixed population
USA
GEMS-0255
FS8B(S):S03-133-002
Mixed population
USA
GEMS-0256
NS1:S0834-006-002
Suwan
Thailand
GEMN-0257
CHIS462:N08d-013-001
Tuxpeño
Mexico
GEMS-0258
DKB830:S19-009-004
Tropical hybrid
Mexico
GEMN-0259
SCR01:N11c-015-002
St. Croix
St. Croix
Type
25%
Tropical
50%
Subtropical
50%
Subtropical
25%
Tropical
50%
Tropical
50%
Tropical
50%
Tropical
Heterotic
pattern
SSS
NSSS
SSS
SSS
NSSS
SSS
NSSS
Germplasm development:
 Overall 2500 GEM nursery plots and 700 GEM isolation plots were grown in Clayton,
NC, with additional GEM-related nursery managed by Major Goodman.
 S1 families were developed from nine breeding crosses: 89291:(LH51), 89291:(LH59),
BR51039:N15, BR51039:S15, BR51675:D27S21, BVIR155:S20, GEMN-0097/GEM0104, NS1:(GEMN-0097), and NS1:(GEMS-0115).
 Families from eight GEM breeding crosses were advanced from S1 to S2: BR106:(GEMN0097), BR106:N42, BR106:S42, BR51501:N11a, BR51501:S11a, BR51721:S20,
GUAT209:N19, PASCO14:S11.
 Eighteen GEM x GEM F1 combinations were produced based on yield trial data.
 Approximately 140 new breeding crosses were developed between tropical hybrids
(ATL100, SX1078 and SX2788 from Brazil) or tropical inbreds (89291 from IITACameroon; CML277, CML313, CML339, CML340, CML343, CML395, CML423,
CML438, CML494 and La Posta Sequia C7 F71-1-1-1-2-B*3 from CIMMYT and
CA34502 and CA00370 from CIMMYT-Asia; N3-2-3-3 from Zimbabwe) and GEMAmes releases (GEMN-0048, GEMN-0097, GEMS-0113, GEMN-0158, GEMS-0175,
GEMS-0200, GEMS-0220) and ex-PVPs (AS5707, DKF118, DKMM402A, LH195,
LH197, LH210, NK787, NKW8555, NS701 and PHN46). Both groups were selected
based on performance in yield trials.
Germplasm Evaluation in 2014:
6







Overall, 11,700 yield plots were coordinated from Raleigh, with 7300 planted in NC and the
rest planted by seven cooperators at various locations throughout the Southeast and
Midwest.
Thirty-three entries were evaluated at eighteen locations in third-year trials (EXR1 and
EXS8; see Yield Trials section)
Fifty entries were evaluated in second-year trials, approximately twenty of which will be
evaluated in third-year trials in 2015.
162 entries were evaluated in first-year trials, fifty-eight of which will be evaluated in
second-year trials in 2015.
Evaluations of GEM releases from Raleigh and Ames were conducted in two experiments
(EXP8 and EXP9) for the third year to identify lines with the best potential for use in GEM
x GEM crosses. EXP8 (releases from Raleigh) was planted at locations in the southern Corn
Belt and southeast, while EXP9 (releases from Ames) was planted in North Carolina and the
Corn Belt. A subset of the best performing GEM lines from the 2010 and 2011 trials (EX26EX29) were planted in the 2014 trials along with more recent releases. Ex-PVPs were
included in both trials for comparisons with GEM releases (see Yield Trials section).
Breeding crosses were evaluated per se in the Raleigh nursery (see Breeding Crosses
section).
Ex-PVP inbreds were evaluated by Major Goodman at five locations in North Carolina and
results for three trials conducted over three years (EXA2), two years (EXF1) or one year
(EX60) will be available on the GEM website and in this booklet in Yield Trials section.
Allelic Diversity:
 There were 300 summer nursery rows dedicated to the development of F1s and BC1s for the
Allelic Diversity project, and 310 rows were planted in Homestead, FL for the 2014 winter
nursery. Much of the effort in the winter nursery is focused on late maturing accessions.
 Twenty-two BC1 families and two F1s were completed this summer in Raleigh; two BC1
families and fifty-two F1s were also completed in the 2013 winter nursery.
Other GEM-Raleigh recommendations:
 Based on 2013 and 2014 nursery observations, some of the most promising new breeding
crosses include GEMN-0097 x GEM-0104, GEMN-0097 x CML449, GEMN-0097 x
CML375, GEMS-0027 x GEMS-0113, GEMN-0135 x GEMN-0104, and GEMN-0124 x
GEMN-0043.
 Some of the best entries in EXP8 were GEMN-0043, GEMN-0119, GEMN-0207,
GEMN-0208, and GEMN-0212. Efforts are already underway to recycle most of these
GEM releases and efforts in recycling will continue in 2015 with an emphasis on nonStiff stalk GEM releases (recycling of Stiff Stalk releases was emphasized in the 2014
nursery).
 Some of the best entries from EXP9 were GEMS-0091, GEMN-0097, GEMS-0113,
GEMN-0158, and GEMS-0175. GEMN-0097 had the highest value for Y/M, while
GEMS-0050 had the highest yield of any GEM entry but also had the highest moisture of
any entry in the trial. Efforts are underway to recycle these and other GEM releases from
Ames.
 Some of the most promising ex-PVPs based on yield trial data are DKF118, DK6F629
and DKMM402A from EXA2 and DKNL001, LH197, LH198, LH204 and PHKE6 from
EXF1; however, it should be noted that, as a line per se, LH198 performed very poorly in
both the summer and winter 2014 nurseries and LH197 was marginally better.
7
Summary of the seven GEM-Raleigh Recommended Lines for 2015
GEM code
Pedigree
Days
to
ANT
GDU
to
ANT
Days
to
Silk
GDU
to
Silk
Plant
Height
(cm)
Ear
Height
(cm)
Grain
color
GEMS-0253
DK212T:S0640-034-002
89
1774
89
1774
250
81
Y
GEMN-0254
FS8B(T):N11a-225-002
84
1644
84
1644
234
66
Y
GEMS-0255
FS8B(S):S03-133-002
87
1720
87
1720
245
79
Y
GEMS-0256
NS1:S0834-006-002
87
1720
90
1803
231
81
Y
GEMN-0257
CHIS462:N08d-013-001
91
1832
92
1859
245
98
Y/W
GEMS-0258
DKB830:S19-009-004
91
1832
92
1859
243
98
Y/W
GEMN-0259
SCR01:N11c-015-002
87
1720
87
1720
239
84
Y
Check
B73
77
1629
78
1657
206
71
Y
8
GEM TSG Meeting, September 15-16, 2014, Ames IA - Highlights:
The GEM Technical Steering Group (TSG) meeting was held at the North Central Regional Plant
Introduction Station in Ames, IA on September 15-16, 2014. A tour of the nurseries was hosted by
Candice Gardner, Fred Engstrom, Michael Peters and Nuo (Mack) Shen. Graduate student Adam Vanous
participated and discussed his research. The tour included inbreds, all generations of breeding material in
the nursery, observations of Raleigh and Ames materials and the released doubled haploid lines, new
potential breeding crosses, Ex-PVP lines, and some topcross trials at the nearby Uthe Farm. Several
important topics included:
 program focus and balance between new research initiatives on breeding methodology vs.
traditional germplasm development; relative focus on four program areas
 requesting new tropical germplasm sources, especially from company cooperators
 strategies for sampling of adventitious presence (AP) of transgenes, appropriate points to test, and
how to deal with it if found.
 alternative strategies for supporting GEM programs
 improving maize doubled haploid systems, inducibility and spontaneous doubling
 potential collaborations with international organizations and entities for evaluating important
diseases and their races, and the challenges involved
 methods to measure GEM Project success and/or impact
 proposal by D. Butruille to expand GEM’s YT program in Ames
 improving GEM’s technical capacity at Raleigh and Ames.
9
IN KIND NURSERY AND TRIAL SUPPORT MIDWEST GEM PROJECT IN 2013:
Table 5. Private In-Kind Support – Summer 2014
Table 5: Summer 2014 Private In-Kind Support
Collaborator
3rd Millenium
Genetics
AgReliant
Genetics LLC
BASF (Ames,
IA)
Beck's
CAAS
Cornhusker
Hybrids LLC
CRD Advisors
LLC
Breeding & Nursery Support
DuPont Pioneer
Forage Genetics
G&S Crop
Services
Genetic
Enterprises
Yield
Trials
Breeding
Cross
obs
S2's


Disease Screening &
Quality Traits
Armyworm Screening
Made breeding crosses to SS and NSS lines.
NIR analyses oil, protein,
starch
Made S1's from SX1078:N(LH61)(ANTIG03:N1242-B-007-B)

Disease screening for
MRDV, stalk rot, head smut,
drought, low nitrogen
tolerance etc. in multiple
ecological areas.
Made S1's from TZAR104:(LH82/GEMN-0192)


DAS
DKD Genetics
Dow
Agrosciences
Made
Topcrosses
Made S1s from CML373:(PHJ40/GEMS-0162)

Advanced S1's to S2 of Ki14:S21z42-B
Head Smut & Fusarium in
Woodland, CA; Diplodia
and NLB in Johnston, IA
Made breeding crosses to SS and NSS lines.
Made S1s of SX1078:(LH123/LH61) and
(DJ7/CML373)/GEMS-0162


Made breeding crosses to NSS line.
10
International
Illinois
Foundation
Seeds, Inc.
Made S1's with PUER5:S4676A(GEMS-0147)
S2's
JFS & Associates
MayAgro
Monsanto
Professional
Seed Research

S2's
Made S1's of BR51721:S20(GEMS-0219)
Made breeding crosses to SS and NSS lines. Made S1's with
TZAR104/LH123//ANTIG03:N1242-B-007-B and
BR51039/PHJ40//GEMS-0147.
NLB screening

Screening for Goss' wilt,
NLB, Eyespot, GLS
Screen breeding crosses and
lines for downy mildew,
NLB,SCLB, and rust
Seed Asia

SEEDDirect
Semillas Fito
Summit Genetics
Screen for late wilt, MRDV,
and head smut
Made breeding crosses to SS and NSS lines

Syngenta
Made breeding crosses to SS and NSS lines Make S1's with
CML373//794/GEMS-0147 and PUER5:LH61/GEMN-0178.
Terrell Seed
Research
Advance S1's to S2's of CML373:S(DJ7)(GEMS-0188)-B

Disease and agronomic
evaluation
Trimble Genetics
Wyffel's Hybrids

Make S1's of ATL100:LH82/GEMN-0097
11
2014 GEM Ames Yield Trial Summary
Expt #
141201
141301
141302
141303
141304
141305
141306
141307
141308
141309
141310
141311
141312
141313
141314
141315
141316
141317
141401
141402
141403
141404
141405
141406
141407
141408
141409
141410
141411
141412
141413
141414
141415
141416
141417
141418
145201
145301
145302
145303
145401
145402
145403
145404
146401
146402
146403
146404
Material
Ki21:N99am
NEI9004:S2899n
DKXL212:S0943b
CUBA164:S99aa99ah
CML341:S99y99ah
SCRO1:N1318
MDI022:N99d99z
BR105:N99d99h
ANTIG01:N1699C
SCRO1:N1318
MDI022:N99d99z
White SS x tester
White NSS x tester
Ki21:S99al99y
BR51039:N1512
CML287:N(GEMN-0155)11a
CML287:N(GEMN-0155)11a
BR51039:S(PHJ40)11b
53SS4/GEMS-0026
53SS4/GEMS-0031
GEMS-0176/S49w
GEMS-0115/S49w
GEMS-0176/S49x
BR52051:S172641
(KO679Y/GEMS-0115)/GEMS-0162
Retest (Tropical)
53NS2/GEMN-0133
GEMN-0179/GEMN-0205
Retest (Tropical)
Retest
Retest
GEM SS x tester
BR51501:N11a08bT4799bc
TZAR104:N(LH82)(GEMN-0205)
TZAR104:N(LH82)(GEMN-0205)
BR51501:N11a08bT47(LH82)
UR13091:S99al
UR11002:S1409
AR16035:S0209
CHOCLERO:N99b99z
Retest (Temperate)
Retest (Temperate)
Retest
Retest
GEM NSS x tester
Early Retest
GEMxGEM
Waxy Test
Tester
HC33
LH287
LH287
LH287
LH287
HC33
HC33
HC33
HC33
HC33
HC33
WSS646
WT993
SGI079
MON-SS
SYG-SS
SYG-SS
SYG-nSS
LH287
LH287
LH287
LH287
LH287
LH287
LH287
LH287
HC33
HC33
HC33
MBS3520
MBS8814
MBS
GP7169GTCBLLRW
AGR-SS
AGR-SS
DAS-SS
LH287
LH287
LH287
HC33
LH287
HC33
MBS3520
MBS8814
MBS
NA
NA
NA
48
12
Total
30
60
40
40
30
50
50
60
40
48
48
80
40
70
92
46
42
40
80
80
70
70
70
70
50
60
80
50
40
60
80
30
50
41
39
24
50
50
40
70
50
40
50
70
40
40
40
40
Reps
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
8
5
5
8
8
8
8
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
8
8
8
8
8
8
5
8
Source
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
JFS
JFS
IFS
MON
SYG
SYG
SYG
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
IFS
AGR
AGR
DAS
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
GEM
ING
Entry
Yield
Avg.
140.6
160.2
161.5
166.8
157.9
126.4
149.1
150.9
149.1
154.8
195.0
127.4
151.3
171.6
207.1
213.5
204.8
202.7
168.9
167.3
166.0
166.8
160.3
164.5
167.3
186.2
143.0
177.6
156.0
172.3
180.5
166.4
166.4
183.1
190.2
167.8
165.2
174.3
179.2
163.6
179.2
157.4
161.5
183.5
164.7
170.4
174.7
129.5
Check
Yield
Avg.
173.9
184.4
174.4
181.1
174.1
156.7
166.7
182.2
170.2
208.6
212.0
171.6
186.3
171.7
210.0
207.6
211.0
213.0
199.5
187.8
194.8
194.8
177.0
188.0
180.2
198.9
188.1
195.6
170.0
186.7
186.1
181.0
189.6
228.2
238.9
213.3
202.5
203.8
208.8
193.0
194.8
191.0
181.1
196.3
175.7
189.1
189.5
138.2
Overall
Yield
Avg.
146.1
162.3
163.2
168.6
160.6
129.4
150.8
153.5
151.7
160.5
196.8
131.3
157.4
171.6
207.3
212.8
205.6
204.0
170.8
168.6
168.1
168.8
161.5
166.1
168.6
187.3
145.8
179.4
157.7
174.0
181.0
168.8
168.7
189.0
196.8
177.3
168.9
177.3
182.9
165.7
180.8
161.6
164.2
184.8
166.1
172.7
176.7
131.2
CV
(%)
14.4
10.0
9.6
11.2
11.0
14.0
10.0
9.0
11.1
10.3
7.5
14.3
11.2
9.6
9.6
8.4
8.9
9.3
7.7
9.3
8.1
9.2
7.7
10.1
10.9
9.2
10.9
8.1
9.9
11.6
8.2
8.6
9.6
10.3
7.1
9.4
7.9
9.0
9.2
9.0
9.3
14.2
13.1
10.8
9.7
9.6
11.3
12.7
LSD
p=0.05
26.6
20.7
20.2
23.7
23.4
23.7
19.3
17.3
22.2
23.9
18.7
23.8
22.6
21.0
25.2
20.8
21.0
22.6
16.7
20.3
17.1
22.1
17.6
22.2
23.3
17.2
20.2
18.5
16.8
20.9
14.9
16.8
20.4
27.7
21.0
21.8
18.8
22.9
21.3
19.0
20.4
26.4
23.6
21.5
17.4
18.6
29.2
23.9
167.6
190.0
170.1
10.0
21.1
FIELD DAYS:
Ames, IA GEM Project (C. Gardner) GEM Project 2014 Field Day:
Due to severe damage to the demo field from heavy spring rains, lost population stands and lack of available
fertilizer, no public field day was held in 2014. The TSG members toured the nursery plantings and one
yield test location in mid-September, and numerous local and international visitors scheduled tours of the
nursery as their interests dictated.
Caitlin Ellingson, an undergraduate GEM employee, created a virtual tour that documents the growth and
development of the GEM field demo over 11 weeks of the season. She developed a web based presentation
of this as part of her journalism internship; it can be accessed at http://ncrpisgem.agron.iastate.edu/virtualtours.asp .
Fargo, ND North Dakota State University (M. Carena) 2014 Nursery Tours:
Over 500 US and international visitors toured summer breeding nurseries with new NDSU EarlyGEM lines,
hybrids, and population releases; short-season NDSU EarlyGEM releases were specifically shown. Three of
the past 2014 inbred releases were from the NDSU EarlyGEM program as well as the last 10 populations
releases included breeding crosses with germplasm originating in southern USA, Mexico, Cuba, St. Croix,
Brazil, Chile, and Argentina
Beijing, China, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) 2014 Field Days:
 Aug 29 to Sep 6: The third international GEM Field Day was sponsored by CAAS and hosted by Dr.
Tianyu Wang, coordinator of China’s GEM Program. More than 70 attendees from the public and
private section participated in this event and observed 987 elite local inbred lines and three
breeding enhancement populations, as well as 196 GEM populations and selfed progenies at the
Shunyi Research Station in Beijing. Breeders and scientists provided feedback on germplasm they
wish to work with.
PUBLIC COOPERATOR REPORTS (Specific Cooperative Agreements, or SCAs):
The GEM Project funded two SCA’s in 2014, Dr. Jay-lin Jane, Iowa State University, and Dr. Mark
Campbell, Truman State University; their reports can be found below. A third SCA was initiated late in the
fiscal year with Dr. Thomas Lübberstedt of Iowa State University, and the project is in the early stages.
13
Project Title: Development of GEM line starch to improve nutritional value and biofuel production
Prepared by Hanyu Yangcheng and Jay-lin Jane, Department of Food Science and Human
Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
Project Overview
This report serves to document research conducted under a cooperative agreement between ARS and
Iowa State University. Specific objectives of this research project are to (1) Develop and characterize
hybrids using normal and waxy GEM lines to produce hybrids with improved yield and starch-ethanol
conversion efficiency to increase ethanol yield; and (2) Develop healthy foods and healthy food
ingredients using GEM lines.
For Objective 1, a normal (B73) and a waxy (08GEMS05044) inbred corn and two hybrids developed by
intercrossing between the normal and waxy corn were used in this study. Amylose contents (3.9-26.5%)
of the starch negatively correlated with the dosage of the wx gene in the corn endosperm. Average
amylopectin branch-chain lengths (DP 18.4-19.9), however, showed no correlation with the wx gene
dosage. The amylose content of the starch was inversely proportional to the gelatinization enthalpychange (12.0-14.5 J/g), the gelatinization temperature-range (Tc-To) (10.2-11.7 °C), and the raw-starch
digestibility (r = -1, p<0.001), but positively correlated with the percentage retrogradation (38.2-64.9%)
and starch pasting-temperature (69.6-75.7 °C) (r = 1, p<0.001). These results indicated that amylose
molecules enhanced the integrity of starch granules, restricted granule hydration, narrowed gelatinization
temperature-ranges, and reduced digestive-rates of the starch. Amylose contents, instead of the
amylopectin branch-chain length distribution, showed dominant effects on starch physicochemical
properties. Starch of the hybrid, 08GEMS05044×B73, displayed significantly lower amylose content and
higher digestibility than the normal corn starch. The hybrid showed potential to improve the yield of
ethanol production.
To further investigate the dosage effects of wx gene on starch physicochemical properties, an intercross
study using two pairs of isogenic lines grown in 2014 was conducted. Starch gelatinization enthalpy
change was positively related with the dosage of wx gene in the endosperm. Final and setback viscosities
of the starch decreased with increase of the wx gene dosage, whereas breakdown viscosities increased
with increases of the wx gene dosage. Following work will be conducted to understand if the wx gene
has dosage effects on starch molecular structures and digestibility.
For Objective 2, the hybrid popcorn (GEM-07048) produced by crossing a popcorn (Sg1533) with a
high-amylose corn (GEMS-0067) was used in this study. The corn kernels of GEM-07048 were
separated visually to two groups, normal popcorn with an amylose content of 36.3% and high-amylose
popcorn with an amylose content of 61.4%. The high-amylose popcorn displayed the smallest expansion
volume (11.8 cm/g) compared with the normal popcorn seeds (19.7 cm/g) and commercial popcorn (34.9
cm/g). The popped kernels of high-amylose popcorn showed largest resistant starch content (46.3%),
indicating its potential as a healthy snack food.
Publications and presentations:
1) H. Yangcheng, H. Jiang, M. Blanco and J. Jane. Characterization of starch from intercrossed normal and
waxy maize. Poster presentation to Corn Utilization & Technology Conference, Louisville, KY, June 24, 2014.
2) H. Yangcheng, H. Jiang, M. Blanco and J. Jane. Physicochemical properties of starch produced by
intercrossing between normal and waxy maize. Poster presentation to American Association of Cereal
Chemists International, Providence, RI, Oct.5-8, 2014.
Objectives
Objective1: Develop and characterize hybrids using normal and waxy GEM lines to produce hybrids with
improved yield and starch-ethanol conversion efficiency to increase ethanol yield.
Objective 2: Develop healthy foods and healthy food ingredients using GEM lines.
14
Characterization of starch from intercrossed normal and waxy maize
Two hybrids were developed by intercrossing between a normal (B73) and a waxy corn
(08GEM05044). Dosages of the wx gene in endosperms of the inbred and hybrid corn are: 0 (B73),
1(B73×08GEMS05044), 2 (08GEMS05044×B73), and 3 (08GEMS05044) (Table 1). Starches of the corn
lines were isolated using a wet-milling process, and the isolated starch was used for the study to understand
the starch physicochemical properties and to reveal the effects of amylose contents and amylopectin
structures on starch properties and digestibility.
Amylose content of the starch ranged from 3.9 to 26.5%, and was negatively related with the
wx gene dosage in the endosperm (Table 1). Amylopectin molecular weight ranged from 1.4 to 1.7×109
(g/mol), and showed a trend of positive correlation with the wx gene dosage in the endosperm.
Table 1. Amylose content of starch and molecular weight and gyration radius of amylopectina
Amylose
Amylopectin
Waxy gene
Sample
dosage
(%)
Mw ×109 (g/mol) b
Rz (nm) c
08GEM05044
3
3.9d±0.0
1.7±0.1
439.9±11.3
08GEM05044×B73
2
21.0c±0.2
1.6±0.0
430.8±1.5
B73×08GEM05044
1
24.3b±0.0
1.4±0.0
412.7±1.8
B73
0
26.5a±0.3
1.5±0.0
420.8±3.0
a
Different letters following the mean value in the same column indicate significant differences between the
mean values (p<0.05). b Weight-average molecular weight (Mw).c Z-average radius of gyration.
Results of amylopectin branch-chain length distribution are shown in Table 2. Average branchchain length of amylopectin ranged from DP 18.4 to 19.9, and showed no correlation with the wx gene
dosage.
Starch thermal properties are shown in Table 3. Starch onset-gelatinization temperatures (62.3-65.4
ºC) negatively correlated (r=-1, p<0.001) with the percentage of short branch-chains of amylopectin (30.134.5%) (Table 2). Gelatinization enthalpy change (12.0-14.5 J/g) negatively correlated (r=-1, p<0.001) with
the amylose content (Table 1), whereas percentage retrogradation of gelatinized starch (38.2-64.9%)
positively correlated (r=1, p<0.001) with the amylose content. The amylose molecules complexing with
lipids and interacting with amylopectin to preserve integrity of the starch granule and restrict granule
swelling contributed to the smaller gelatinization enthalpy change and higher percentage retrogradation of
the starch.
15
Table 2. Molar-based branch-chain-length distribution of maize amylopectin a
Average CL
(DP) b
DP≤12
DP13-24
DP25-36
DP≥37
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
08GEM05044
19.4a±0.6
30.1b±0.1
49.2a±1.6
11.0a±0.1
9.6a±1.5
08GEM05044×B73
19.9a±0.7
30.8ab±1.9
46.9a±0.0
10.9a±0.4
11.4a±1.5
B73×08GEM05044
18.4a±0.2
34.5a±0.4
46.8a±0.3
9.9a±0.2
8.8a±0.6
B73
19.1a±0.3
31.8ab±0.6
48.8a±0.0
10.2a±0.3
9.3a±0.4
Sample
a
Different letters following the mean value in the same column indicate significant differences between the
mean values (p<0.05). b Average branch-chain length of amylopectin. DP = degree of polymerization.
Table 3. Thermal properties of maize starches a
Native starch
Sample
Retrogradation
(%) c
To (°C)
Tp (°C)
Tc (°C)
∆H (J/g)
08GEM05044
65.4a±0.6
71.1±0.5
77.1±0.5
14.5a±0.0
38.2d±0.7
08GEM05044×B73
64.1b±0.1
69.3±0.3
74.7±0.4
12.7b±0.1
46.2c±0.2
B73×08GEM05044
62.3c±0.1
67.9±0.1
72.8±0.0
12.5b±0.1
48.9b±1.1
B73
63.5d±0.3
68.0±0.2
73.7±0.6
12.0c±0.3
64.9a±1.4
b
Samples (~3.0 mg, dsb) were mixed with deionized water (~9.0 l) before the DSC analysis. Different
letters following the mean value in the same column indicate significant differences between the mean
values (p<0.05). b To, Tp, Tc and H are onset, peak, conclusion gelatinization temperatures and enthalpy
change, respectively. c Percentage retrogradation (%) = (∆H of retrograded starch / ∆H of native starch) ×
100%.
a
16
Starch pasting profiles are shown in Figure 1, and the results are summarized in Table 4.
Starch pasting temperature (69.6-75.7 °C) was positively related with the amylose content (Table
1), whereas the peak viscosity showed no correlation with the amylose content.
Figure 1. Pasting profiles of maize starches.
Table 4. Pasting properties of maize starch measured using a Rapid Visco-Analyzer a, b
Sample
Pasting
Temp.(°C)
Peak
(RVU)
Hold
(RVU)
Final
(RVU)
Breakdown
(RVU)
Setback
(RVU)
08GEM05044
69.6c±0.0
232.3±0.1
71.1±3.3
92.7±2.6
161.2±3.2
21.6±0.7
08GEM05044×B73
70.6b±0.3
156.8±0.8
71.1±3.5
141.3±1.6
85.6±2.7
70.2±1.9
B73×08GEM05044
71.1b±0.7
161.3±0.1
100.3±8.3 188.6±0.6
61.0±8.4
88.3±8.9
B73
75.7a±0.8
165.6±0.8
92.6±3.7
73.0±2.8
87.5±0.7
180.1±3.0
a
Different letters following the mean value in the same column indicate significant differences
between the mean values (p<0.05). b Viscosity was reported in Rapid Visco-Units (RVU) where 1
RVU = 12 centipoise.
Starch digestibility of uncooked corn starch was determined using Englyst method
(1992), and the results are shown in Table 5. The percentages of hydrolyzed starch at 120min
hydrolysis time ranged from 79.6 to 93.4%, and are inversely proportional to the amylose content
(Table 1).
17
Table 5. Digestibility of maize starches a
Digestibility (%)
Sample
30 min
120 min
08GEM05044
58.3a±0.8
93.4a±1.3
08GEM05044×B73
40.5b±0.6
87.2b±0.9
B73×08GEM05044
34.5c±0.8
82.9bc±2.5
B73
33.6c±0.6
79.6c±0.0
a
Digestibility of the uncooked maize starch was determine using Englyst’s method (1992).
Different letters following the mean value in the same column indicate significant differences
between the mean values (p<0.05)
Starch of the hybrid (08GEMS05044×B73) displayed significantly lower amylose content
(21.0%) and higher digestibility (87.2% at 120min) than the normal corn starch (26.5% and 79.6%
at 120min, respectively), indicating its potential to improve the yield of ethanol production.
To further investigate the dosage effects of wx gene on starch physicochemical
properties, an intercross study using isogenic normal and waxy GEM lines was conducted. Two
pairs of isogenic lines were grown in 2014, including waxy1 (wx1) and normal1 (N1) and waxy2
(wx2) and normal2 (N2). The pedigree information of these four lines and their F1 progeny
obtained through reciprocal crossing is shown in Table 6.
Table 6. Pedigree information of GEM corn lines
Sample
Pedigree
wx1
DKXL370:N11a20-036-002-B wx
DKXL370:N11a20-036-002-B wx/DKXL370:N11a20-036-002-B-B-BB
DKXL370:N11a20-036-002-B-B-B-B/DKXL370:N11a20-036-002-B
wx
DKXL370:N11a20-036-002-B-B-B-B
AR16035:S02-615-001-B wx
AR16035:S02-615-001-B wx/AR16035:S02-615-001-B-B-B-B
AR16035:S02-615-001-B-B-B-B/AR16035:S02-615-001-B wx
AR16035:S02-615-001-B-B-B-B
wx1 x N1
N1 x wx1
N1
wx2
wx2 x N2
N2 x wx2
N2
wx gene
dosage
3
2
1
0
3
2
1
0
Starch thermal properties are shown in Table 7. Starch gelatinization enthalpy changes
increased with increase of the wx gene dosage in the endosperm. Onset gelatinization temperatures
showed no correlation with the wx gene dosage. The conclusion temperatures, however, showed a
trend of increase with increasing wx gene dosage.
18
Table 7. Starch thermal properties of GEM corn lines
To (°C)
Tp (°C)
Tc (°C)
wx1
65.8±0.1
71.9±0.4
77.7±0.2
wx1 x N1
65.6±0.2
70.8±0.1
75.3±0.2
N1 x wx1
65.7±0.1
70.7±0.2
75.8±0.1
N1
65.4±0.4
69.4±0.5
74.0±0.7
wx2
61.7±0.2
68.9±0.0
74.7±0.1
wx2 x N2
62.1±0.1
67.7±0.2
73.1±0.4
N2 x wx2
62.7±0.1
67.3±0.1
72.2±0.2
N2
61.8±0.1
66.8±0.1
71.5±0.2
∆H (J/g)
14.6±0.2
14.1±0.0
13.3±0.1
13.2±0.0
14.5±0.0
13.9±0.0
13.1±0.0
12.8±0.1
Starch pasting properties are shown in Table 8. The final and setback viscosities decreased
with increase of the wx gene dosage, whereas breakdown viscosities increased with increase of the
wx gene dosage. Pasting temperatures and peak viscosities, however, showed no correlation with
the wx gene dosage.
Table 8. Starch pasting properties of GEM corn lines
Pasting
Peak
Hold
Final
Temp.(°C)
(RVU)
(RVU)
(RVU)
wx1
71.0±0.3
217.3±4.0 78.3±1.6 101.8±2.9
Breakdown
(RVU)
138.9±2.4
Setback
(RVU)
23.4±1.3
wx1 x N1
73.8±0.3
147.8±2.2
73.6±2.4
142.1±2.2
74.2±0.2
68.5±0.2
N1 x wx1
72.3±0.6
150.2±2.5
75.1±1.2
148.7±1.5
75.1±1.2
73.5±0.3
N1
71.4±0.3
157.6±1.2
90.4±0.8
182.8±0.6
67.2±1.9
92.5±1.4
wx2
69.0±0.3
221.0±0.7
72.0±1.7
102.1±0.6
148.9±1.1
30.1±1.1
wx2 x N2
72.3±0.0
149.9±2.7
74.1±0.6
146.8±1.6
75.8±2.1
72.7±2.2
N2 x wx2
72.5±0.2
143.6±1.4
84.9±1.7
169.8±2.1
58.7±0.3
84.9±3.8
N2
71.3±0.3
148.3±0.7
95.6±0.4
202.2±2.0
52.5±0.1
106.6±2.4
Future work will be conducted to understand if the wx gene has dosage effects on
the starch content, content of amylose, molecular size of amylose and amylopectin, branchchain length of amylopectin, and starch digestibility. Relationships between the physical
properties and the structures of the starches will be investigated.
Kernel popping properties and starch digestibility of high-amylose popcorn
GEM-07048 (Pedigree: (GEMS-0067/Sg1533-B)-B) was produced by intercrossing
between a popcorn line (Sg1533) and a high-amylose corn (GEMS-0067). Kernels of GEM-07048
were visually separated to two groups, high-amylose popcorn (HAPC) and normal popcorn (NPC).
Kernel starch content, starch amylose content, and expansion volume of popped kernels are
shown in Table 9. The HAPC of GEM-07048 showed a significantly greater amylose-content
(61.4%) than the NPC of GEM-07048 (36.3%).
19
Table 9. Kernel-starch content, starch amylose content, and expansion volume of popcorn samples
Sample a
Starch (%)
Amylose (%)
Expansion
volume (cm/g)
NPC
62.3 ± 0.3
36.3 ± 0.5
19.7 ± 2.2
HAPC
63.6 ± 0.2
61.4 ± 0.9
11.8 ± 1.8
CPC
60.8 ± 0.8
30.7 ± 0.4
34.9 ± 2.3
a
NPC, GEM-07048 normal popcorn; HAPC, GEM-07048 high-amylose popcorn; CPC,
Commercial popcorn.
The expansion volume of GEM-07048 kernels was smaller than commercial popcorn (34.9
cm/g). The expansion volume of HAPC of GEM-07048 (11.8 cm/g) was even lower than that of the
NPC kernels (19.7 cm/g). The amylose content was negatively correlated with the expansion
volume (r = 0.862, p < 0.05).
Starch digestibility of popcorn kernels after microwave popping is shown in Table
10. The popped kernels of HAPC showed largest resistant starch content (46.3%) and slowlydigestible starch content (19.3%) than the other two popcorn samples. The amylose content (Table
9) was positively correlated with resistant starch content and negatively correlated with rapidlydigestible starch content.
Table 10. The rapidly-digestible starch (RDS), slowly-digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch
(RS) contents of popped kernel
Sample a
RDS (%)
SDS (%)
RS (%)
NPC
77.5 ± 1.7
7.9 ± 2.1
14.6 ± 0.5
HAPC
34.4 ± 0.1
19.3 ± 1.1
46.3 ± 1.0
CPC
85.9 ± 1.4
2.6 ± 3.0
11.5 ± 1.6a
a
NPC, GEM-07048 normal popcorn; HAPC, GEM-07048 high-amylose popcorn; CPC,
Commercial popcorn.
These results indicated that high-amylose popcorn is a good source of resistant
starch and slowly-digestible starch, which is potentially a healthy snack food. Further efforts,
however, are needed to improve the popping characteristics of high-amylose popcorn.
20
2014 GEM Report: Truman State University,
Annual GEM Cooperator meeting, ASTA, Dec. 10, Chicago, IL
Development and Evaluation of Specialty Starch Germplasm Utilizing GEM Biodiversity to
Optimize Grain Quality, Composition, and Yield.
Duration 2011 – 2015
Mark Campbell, Cynthia Cooper, Amanda McClure and Linsa Dean, Sushma, Shrestha and Adrianne
Alexander
General Objectives: Truman state has served as a public cooperator in GEM program in order for
student to activity participate in demonstrating the economic value of exotic maize germplasm,
educates students, the local, state and scientific community of the necessity to support the
National Plant Germplasm System. Our work consist of developing parent lines and hybrids with
altered starches that address current trends in industry and concerns of consumer and health
specialists. Our source of used at Truman for line development relies exclusively on materials
released by GEM cooperators. In addition, DH lines recently released from the allelic diversity study
are being introgressed into our existing genetic materials which expands the diversity used to
develop and improve novel specialty starch maize. Additionally, we have used landraces adapted to
specific areas where this material could potentially serve as an affordable source of prebiotic in
areas vulnerable to gastrointestinal illnesses such as cholera. Specifically, our breeding efforts fall
into two categories which are believed to address the following consumer needs (1). Developing
high-amylose corn which has a number of niche applications, one of which includes its use as a
source of resistant starch (RS) having prebiotic properties that have well documented health
benefits and functional attributes making it well suited as a ‘nutraceutical’ dietary supplement (2).
The second starch type involves developing sources of a slowly digested unmodified starch (SDS)
from native genetic diversity. Rather than focusing on RS starch, the rate of starch hydrolysis and
other components in the grain influencing retention which may determine its potential applications
in controlling blood sugar. Although a number of applications exist, evaluation of our materials
involved the glycemic-index (GI), glycemic load (GL), -Amylase Inhibitors and the recent
observations
made
regarding
interactions
observed
in
human
metabolomics
http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB06857 and cereal carbohydrates. Our material may serve
to assist in understanding strategies that best identify therapeutic food choices for diabetic and
glycogen disorder patients suffering from nocturnal hypoglycemia. This past summer several
ongoing studies and new approaches used in the development of germplasm has taken place.
Highlighted are field studies that demonstrate agronomic potential of Amylomaize lines developed
using only GEM parents under varied environmental conditions. Continued effort involving
collaboration of Truman State with A.T. Still Medical College and ISU is being accomplished.
Hybrid Evaluation
Evaluation of hybrids had previously been made from crosses between SS and NS lines believed to
have alleles fixed resulting in starch amylose at or exceeding 70% during the 2009/10 winter
nursery with good success and the results reported in the 2012 GEM report. A series of unfortunate
events have made progress in this area challenging since then. From the earlier study, an additional
crossing block was prepared using two of GEM amylomaize lines exhibiting good general combining
together with a number of SS and NS intended for planting during the 2011/12 winter nursery in
Puerto Rico (Table 1). This seed, however, was lost in transit, eventually recovered, and planted
during the 2012/13 season instead. The seed was successfully planted; however, during flowering
insect damage greatly limited the amount of successful crosses. Some of this material was planted
21
in Ames, IA during the summer of 2013. The results of this study are provided in Table 2. Due to the
unfortunate loss of a fellow GEM private cooperator and friend, no winter crossing blocks have
been made since. It will soon be necessary to identify an alternative plan, perhaps through in kind
support of a GEM cooperator to ensure continued hybrid field experiments as new inbreds are
developed.
Table 1. Crossing block grown during the 2012/13 winter nursery and numbers of successful ears
recovered following crossing are shown.
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Crossing block, Puerto Rico, 2012/2013
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
ears harvested - tassel damage
army worm
0
Male Entry
9353-01/97_DK888N11F2S3_7451-17-b-b/////CH05015:N1204-57-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-BSIB///GEMS-67
BARBGP2:N08a18-332-001-B-B-B/////CH05015:N1204-57-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67
FS8B(T):N11a-087-001-b-b-sib-b-b/////CH05015:N1204-57-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67
CHO5015:N1204-057-001-b-b-b/////AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67
DKXL370:N11a20-199-002-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67
BR51675:N0620-033-001/////AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67
MDI022:N21-B-002-003///// DKXL370:N11a20-234-2-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67
CH0515:N1502-086-001-b-b-b/////UR13085:N0215-14-1-B-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67
DK888:N11-B-027-001-B-001/////DREP150:N2011d-624-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67
DREP150:N2011d-624-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67
CHO5015:N1204-057-001-b-b-b/////UR13085:N0215-14-1-B///GEMS-67
9353-01/97_DK888N11F2S3_7451-17-b-b////UR13085:N0215-14-1-B///GEMS-67
BARBGP2:N08a18-332-001-b-b-b/////UR13085:N0215-14-1-B///GEMS-67
BR51675:N0620-033-001////UR13085:N0215-14-1-B///GEMS-67
CL-G1607(CML420):N11-008-001-007////UR13085:N0215-14-1-B///GEMS-67
CH0515:N1502-086-001-b-b-b////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67
CH05015:N1502-086-001-B-B-B/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67
CH05015:N1502-086-001-B-B-B/////AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67
DK212T:N11a12-191-001-B-B-B/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67
DK212T:N11a12-191-001-B-B-B/////AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67
DKXL370:N11a20-199-002-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS67
BR51403(PE001):N16-B-044-004-001-001C-001////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67
DKXL370:N11a20-199-002-B-B-B-Sib////FS8A(S):S09-362-1-B///GEMS-67
DKXL380:N11-B-007-010-B-002/////CHRIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B///GEMS-67
AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-BB///GEMS-67
AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-BB///GEMS-67
AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-BMale Entry
B///GEMS-67
AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-BB///GEMS-67
AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-BB///GEMS-67
2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148/////CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00/////CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
CUBA164:S2012-966-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
DKB844:S1601-073-001-B-B-B-B-B/////CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
BR105:S1612-008-001-B-B/////DKB844:S1601-73-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
22
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
7
4
6
0
2
8
0
0
0
6
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
DKB844:S1601-73-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
2088-01_DK212T_S11_F2S4_9157-Blk29/00-sib-B-B-B/////DKB844:S1601-73-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67
2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
GUAT209:S13 08a-120-001-B-B////CHIS740:S1411a-783-2-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00-sib///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-001-B-B-B-B////2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00-sib///GEMS-67
2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00////2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00-sib///GEMS-67
CUBA164:S2012-444-001-B-B-Sib////2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00-sib/// GEMS-67
CHIS740:S11411a-783-002-b-b-b////2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00-sib///GEMS-67
CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B///GEMS-67
CHRIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B///GEMS-67
CUBA164:S1511b-325-001-B-B-B-B-B-Sib/////CHRIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B//// CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B///GEMS67
FS8A(S):S09-362-1-B///GEMS-67
2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00////FS8A(S):S09-362-1-B///GEMS-67
CHIS740:S11411a-783-002-b-b-b/////CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////FS8A(S):S09-362-1-B///GEMS-67
BVIR155:S2012-029-001-B-B////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67
CHIS740:S11411a-783-002-b-b-b////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67
DKB844:S1601-073-001-B-B-B-B-B////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67
UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67
2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67
UR11003:S0302-1011-001-b-b-b////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67
BR51675:N0620-033-001////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67
BR52060:S0210-143-001-b-b-b////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67
GUAT209:S13 08a-120-001-B-B////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67
CUBA164:S2008c-289-001-B-B/////AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67
H99 ae///GEMS-67
0
7
0
0
0
0
7
1
1
0
3
1
0
1
4
8
3
0
0
11
2
1
0
3
5
1
Results from the yield evaluation grown in Ames, IA in 2013 are provided in Table 2. Seed obtained
from the 2012/13 crossing block (Table 1) was intended to be used as a source for hybrid entries
which are indicated by the purple entry numbers in Table 2. The delayed arrival and extensive
insect damage required that seed from 2009/10 was used (geen entry numbers) to complete the
experiment. Entry 47 (AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67 X
CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B///GEM67) displayed the greatest yield with a plot average of 156.0 bu/ac.
Of the entries from the later crossing block, entry 16 (BVIR155:S2012-029-001-B-B////UR10001:S1813257-1///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-BB////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67) displayed the greatest yield at 153.2 bu/ac. In fact, a number
of independent ears having similar parentage were used as independent entries due to the insect
damage that resulted in a lack of successful crosses. This provides useful information regardless of the
poor hybrid cross attempts since BVIR155:S2012-029-001-B-B////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67
had not been used in any experimental hybrids in the past and suggests that lines derived from this
pedigree be further prioritized for increasing yield performance.
Table 3 was made to examine SS lines that had a common parent constituting 50% of their pedigree.
The lines possessing 2088-01_DK212T_S11_F2S4_9157-Blk29/00-sib-B-B-B/////DKB844:S1601-73-1-BB-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 averaged the greatest yield of 147.0 bu/ac. In addition,
lines with GUAT209:S1308a-120-001-B-B and BVIR155:S2012-029-001-B-B////UR10001:S1813-2571///GEMS-67 consistently performed well.
During the summer of 2014, an effort was made to include remaining seed of experimental hybrids
that had not yet been examined. Stand counts suffered for many as a result of as a result of seed
aging. Early planting if followed by cool damp conditions also make emergence of amylomaize stands
suffer. There were a few hybrids that yielded fairly well. In some cases, seeding rates routinely used
23
may be excessive for amylomaize VII material and, therefore, yields may have increased with decrease
seed viability.
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B/// GEM67 X
AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B/// GEM67
Yield 150.1
%stand 45.8
165.9
63.9
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B/// GEM67 X
DKB844:S1601-073-001-B-B-B-B-B/////CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B/// GEM67
Yield
163.6
%stand
69.4
164.2
51.3
CH05015:N1204-57-1-B-B////(CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEM67 X CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR163035:S02-615-1-BB///GEM67
Yield
%stand
154.6
51.02
138.9
56.0
24
Table 2. Experimental amylomaize GEMN x GEMS hybrids grown in a randomized complete block design near Ames, IA 2013
Entry
09/10
12/13
Hybrid (Amylomaize GEMN x GEMS)
Yield Evaluation,
WT
Yield
(bu/ac)
MOIST
Y/M
TWT
AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1B-B///GEMS-67 x CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
1
15.9
104.2
28.7
3.7
50.4
AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1B-B///GEMS-67 x CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
2
20.3
133.6
28.6
4.7
52.9
AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1B-B///GEMS-67 x CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
3
18.8
122.2
29.6
4.2
50.4
AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1B-B///GEMS-67 x UR11003:S0302-1011-001-b-b-b////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS67
2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00/////CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-BB////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-BSib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67
BR105:S1612-008-001-B-B/////DKB844:S1601-73-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-BB////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67
2088-01_DK212T_S11_F2S4_9157-Blk29/00-sib-B-B-B/////DKB844:S1601-73-1-B-BB////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-BSib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67
2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00////2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00sib///GEMS-67x AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-BB////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67
2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00////2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00sib///GEMS-67x AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-BB////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67
CUBA164:S2008c-289-001-B-B/////AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-BB////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67
CUBA164:S2008c-289-001-B-B/////AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-
4
19.6
125.3
30.7
4.1
51.8
5
15.4
101.2
28.7
3.6
52.5
6
20.1
127.7
31.1
4.1
50.7
7
23.5
150.7
30.6
5.0
51.5
8
23.0
149.0
29.8
5.0
50.1
9
19.2
122.3
30.7
4.0
49.6
10
21.5
139.9
29.4
4.8
51.9
11
21.9
137.7
31.7
4.4
51.3
25
B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67
2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 x
AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1B-B///GEMS-67
2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 x
AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1B-B///GEMS-67
2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 x
AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1B-B///GEMS-67
BVIR155:S2012-029-001-B-B////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09-191001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67
12
20.8
133.7
30.1
4.4
50.0
13
21.7
144.3
27.7
5.2
51.6
14
22.0
139.9
30.8
4.5
50.0
15
23.7
150.6
31.0
4.9
51.0
BVIR155:S2012-029-001-B-B////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67
16
24.1
153.2
31.0
5.0
50.5
BVIR155:S2012-029-001-B-B////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67
17
22.1
142.3
30.1
4.8
51.6
BVIR155:S2012-029-001-B-B////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67
18
18.1
115.9
30.6
3.9
51.1
BVIR155:S2012-029-001-B-B////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09-191001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67
19
21.0
134.4
30.4
4.4
51.3
CHIS740:S11411a-783-002-b-b-b////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67x AR03056:N09191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67
20
19.1
121.7
31.0
4.0
49.6
2088-01_DK212T_S11_F2S4_9157-Blk29/00-sib-B-B-B/////DKB844:S1601-73-1-B-BB////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-BSib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67
amylomaize I
amylomaize II
UR11003:S0302-1011-001-b-b-b////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 x AR03056:N09191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEM67
21
22.7
143.7
31.4
4.6
49.5
22
23
24
17.2
11.4
22.1
109.7
73.7
144.9
30.6
29.8
28.8
3.6
2.5
5.1
49.2
49.9
51.2
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKX L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67 X
UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEM67
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKX L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67 X
GUAT209:S1308a-120-001-B-B////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEM67
25
15.4
101.0
28.9
3.5
50.7
26
23.9
151.5
31.3
4.9
51.7
26
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKX L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67 X
DKB844:S1601-073-001-B-B-B-B-B/////CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02615-1-B-B///GEM67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X UR13085:N021514-1-B///GEM67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X DK212T:N11a12191-001-B-B-B/////CH05015:N1204-57-1-B-B////DK L370:N11a20-31-1-B-BSIB///GEM67
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKX L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67 X
GUAT209:S1308a-047-001-B-B/////CHIS740:S1411a-783-2-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEM67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X CH05015:N120457-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB/// GEM67
CHIS740:S11411a-783-002-b-b-b////UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67 X AR03056:N09191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67
27
20.1
127.3
31.3
4.1
50.4
28
17.4
109.6
31.7
3.5
49.2
29
21.1
134.9
30.4
4.5
49.8
30
19.7
127.9
29.7
4.3
50.9
31
19.6
125.2
30.7
4.1
50.3
32
18.7
120.0
30.2
4.0
50.9
CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X AR03056:N09-24-1B-B-B////(CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B/// GEMS-67
33
14.9
94.8
31.0
3.1
50.9
CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X AR03056:N09-1821-B-B-B////(CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B/// GEMS-67
34
18.6
121.3
29.4
4.2
50.8
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X UR13085:N021514-1-B///GEM67
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKX L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67 X
CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B///GEM67
35
15.4
98.5
30.8
3.2
49.5
36
18.8
118.6
31.4
3.8
51.3
CUBA164:S1511b-325-001-B-B-B-B-B-Sib/////CHRIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////
CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B///GEMS-67 X AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-BSib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67
CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X DKXL370:N11a2031-1-B-B-SIB//GEM67
37
9.3
59.7
30.7
2.0
49.8
38
17.2
111.7
29.5
3.8
51.4
CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X FS8B(T):N11a-3221-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67
39
17.1
110.6
29.7
3.7
50.2
CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B/// GEM67 X DREP150:N2011d624-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB/// GEM67
40
14.6
96.4
28.0
3.5
50.1
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X AR03056:N09191-1-B-B-B////DK L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67
41
17.2
108.9
31.4
3.5
49.6
27
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X DREP150:N2011d624-1-B-B////DK L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67
42
16.6
108.0
29.2
3.7
51.5
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKX L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67 X 201101_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00-sib///GEM67
43
19.2
124.2
29.8
4.2
51.2
CH05015:N1204-57-1-B-B////(CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEM67 X CUBA164:S1511b325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X AR03056:N09-241-B-B-B//// CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEM67
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B///DKX L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67 X
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67
44
23.3
148.2
30.8
4.8
51.1
45
12.7
82.6
29.8
2.8
48.1
46
19.1
123.2
30.2
4.1
49.4
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKX L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67 X
CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B///GEM67
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKX L370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEM67 X
CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X DK212T:N11a12191-001-B-B-B/////AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEM67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEM67 X AR03056:N09191-001-B-B-B-Sib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEM67
47
24.5
156.5
30.6
5.1
51.2
48
12.1
76.3
31.5
2.4
49.1
49
19.4
125.5
30.0
4.2
50.3
50
23.6
152.6
29.8
5.2
51.1
19.1
4.0
21.1
**
**
19.1
3.5
18.4
**
**
122.7
22.4
18.2
**
**
30.2
1.0
3.2
**
ns
4.1
0.7
18.2
**
**
50.6
0.9
1.9
**
**
mean
S
CV%
Entry
Block
28
Table 3. Amylomaize VII SS lines grouped having in their pedigree at least half being derived from a common ancestor. In
other words, these are average performance values of line having a common parent.
Mean hybrid performance sharing the following SS lines making
up at least 50% of it background
2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00sib///GEM67
2088-01_DK212T_S11_F2S4_9157-Blk29/00-sib-B-BB
Amylomaize VII Checks
Entry
WT
Yield
(bu/ac)
MOIST
Y/M
TWT
mean
14.9
20.2
130.6
29.6
4.4
50.7
S
12.8
2.5
16.3
1.1
0.6
1.1
n=7
CV%
86.1
12.6
12.5
3.7
13.0
2.1
2
mean
14.0
23.1
147.2
31.0
4.8
50.5
S
9.9
0.6
4.9
0.6
0.3
1.4
n =2
CV%
70.7
2.4
3.3
1.9
6.0
2.8
3
mean
22.5
14.3
91.7
30.2
3.0
49.5
S
0.7
9.9
15.2
4.7
9.9
26.0
8.5
4.1
9.9
21.5
4.7
9.9
18.9
0.3
25.5
9.9
137.3
2.3
9.9
120.9
1.2
0.6
9.9
30.7
14.2
9.9
30.6
0.6
0.8
9.9
4.5
0.4
9.9
4.0
0.0
0.5
9.9
51.0
0.4
9.9
50.2
1.0
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
1
BR105:S1612-008-001-B-B
n =2
4
CHIS740:S11411a-783-002-b-b-b
n =6
5
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B
CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B///GEM67
GUAT209:S1308a-047-001-B-B
n =2
CV%
mean
S
CV%
mean
S
CV%
6
mean
30.9
18.2
117.6
30.0
3.9
50.2
S
18.0
2.8
18.2
0.9
0.6
1.2
n =14
CV%
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
7
mean
34.8
17.8
114.3
30.3
3.8
50.7
S
12.3
4.6
29.2
1.1
1.0
0.8
n =12
CV%
9.9
25.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8
mean
27
20.1
127.3
31.3
4.1
50.4
29
n=1
GUAT209:S1308a-120-001-B-B
9
n =2
UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEM67
10
mean
28.0
21.8
139.7
30.5
4.6
51.3
S
CV%
mean
2.8
9.9
25
3.0
9.9
22.1
16.7
9.9
101.0
1.2
9.9
28.9
0.4
9.9
3.5
0.6
9.9
50.7
mean
24.0
22.1
101.0
28.9
3.5
50.7
S
0.0
1.0
13.9
1.3
0.7
0.5
CV%
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
9.9
n=1
UR11003:S0302-1011-001-b-b-b
11
n =2
30
Table 4. Hybrid performance of amylomaize VII GEMN x GEMS lines in Ames, IA 2014 from seed of lines produced in a crossing
block grown in a 2009/10 P.R. where most hybrids entries have been included in previous yield trials.
Ames, IA 2014
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-BSIB///GEMS-67 X CHIS740:S1411a-783-2-BB////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////(CH05015:N153-1-B-B///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X (UR13085:N0215-14-1-B///GEMS-67
WT
Yield
MOIST
(bu/ac)
Y/M
TWT %stand %skldg %rtldg
9.9
64.9
28.5
2.3
48.3
17.4
0.0
0.0
9.0
61.1
26.0
2.4
47.9
14.6
0.0
4.2
10.2
68.2
27.3
2.5
50.0
15.3
0.0
0.0
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-BSIB///GEMS-67 X (CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B///GEMS-67
15.1
99.2
28.8
3.4
50.8
62.5
0.0
5.3
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-BSIB///GEMS-67 X (CUBA164:S2012-444-1-B///GEMS-67
19.1
124.0
29.4
4.2
50.3
47.9
28.6
0.0
16.2
107.3
27.9
3.8
50.2
16.7
0.0
0.0
14.4
99.2
25.2
3.9
50.2
36.8
0.0
0.0
11.6
76.4
27.3
2.7
48.7
17.4
0.0
0.0
1.7
13.3
14.5
0.9
14.9
2.1
0.0
0.0
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-BSIB///GEMS-67 X DKB844:S1601-073-001-B-B-B-BB/////CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X GUAT209:S1308a-047-001-BB/////CHIS740:S1411a-783-2-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X AR03056:N09-182-1-B-BB////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X AR03056:N09-191-1-B-BB////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67
31
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X FS8B(T):N11a-322-1-BB////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X DREP150:N2011d-624-1-BB////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X DK212T:N11a12-191-001-B-BB/////CH05015:N1204-57-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-BB-SIB///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X AR03056:N09-191-001-B-B-BSib/////AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////(CH05015:N15-3-1-BB///GEMS-67
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-BSIB///GEMS-67 X AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-BSIB///GEMS-67 X CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-BB////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-BSIB///GEMS-67 X UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-BSIB///GEMS-67 X (2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00sib///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X (UR13085:N0215-14-1-B///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X AR03056:N09-24-1-B-BB////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67
17.6
114.0
29.8
3.8
49.4
38.2
28.6
47.7
15.1
99.2
28.5
3.5
51.5
31.3
0.0
0.0
17.9
117.6
28.6
4.1
49.7
47.2
0.0
0.0
14.1
93.8
27.9
3.4
50.1
26.4
0.0
0.0
23.4
158.0
26.7
5.9
50.4
54.9
0.0
0.0
15.1
100.8
27.9
3.6
49.7
44.4
0.0
0.0
3.8
26.4
24.5
1.1
30.7
29.2
0.0
0.0
17.7
120.9
25.9
4.7
50.6
47.2
0.0
0.0
18.5
123.4
27.6
4.5
49.2
72.2
0.0
0.0
7.7
50.4
28.8
1.8
49.6
13.2
0.0
0.0
15.4
105.8
25.5
4.2
51.0
29.9
0.0
0.0
32
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X DKXL370:N11a20-234-2-B-BB////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X CH05015:N1204-57-1-BB////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X AR03056:N09-182-1-B-BB////(CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEMS-67
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-BSIB///GEMS-67 X AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-BSIB///GEMS-67 X AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-BSIB///GEMS-67 X DKB844:S1601-073-001-B-B-B-BB/////CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-BSIB///GEMS-67 X CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-BB////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-BSIB///GEMS-67 X UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X AR03056:N09-24-1-B-BB////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X UR13085:N0215-14-1-B///GEMS-67
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-BSIB///GEMS-67 X 2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00sib///GEMS-67
20.5
135.4
28.2
4.8
48.5
53.5
0.0
6.1
7.0
47.5
26.0
1.8
50.1
13.9
0.0
0.0
16.3
108.8
27.5
4.0
50.0
41.7
0.0
0.0
23.3
153.7
28.4
5.4
49.3
89.6
0.0
0.0
14.5
96.3
27.8
3.4
49.7
42.4
0.0
0.0
24.6
163.9
27.7
5.9
50.9
60.4
0.0
0.0
2.4
16.9
17.1
0.8
20.9
3.5
0.0
0.0
16.9
114.3
26.7
4.3
49.9
53.5
1.4
1.4
13.1
86.3
28.2
3.1
48.6
26.4
0.0
0.0
5.4
36.1
27.0
1.3
42.8
10.4
0.0
0.0
19.5
130.3
27.4
4.8
49.4
71.5
0.0
0.0
33
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X DKXL370:N11a20-234-2-B-BB////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X CH05015:N1204-57-1-BB////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N153-1-B-B///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N153-1-B-B///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B-B////CH05015:N153-1-B-B///GEMS-67
AmyVI Check 1
AmyVI Check 2
CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEM67 X DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB//GEM67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X FS8B(T):N11a-322-1-BB////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67 X AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////(CH05015:N153-1-B-B///GEMS-67
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-BSIB///GEMS-67 X UR10001:S1813-257-1///GEMS-67
AR03056:N09-24-1-B-B-B////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-BSIB///GEMS-67 X CHIS740:S1411a-783-2-BB////AR16035:S02-615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
CH05015:N1204-57-1-B-B////CH05015:N15-3-1-B-B///GEM67 X CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1B-B///GEM-67
17.2
114.1
28.0
4.1
49.5
56.3
0.0
0.0
5.1
35.1
20.1
1.5
32.3
6.9
0.0
0.0
15.1
100.4
27.7
3.6
48.7
36.1
0.0
1.6
16.7
111.7
27.3
4.1
48.7
41.0
3.0
3.0
16.0
106.9
27.4
3.9
49.9
36.1
0.0
0.0
2.4
1.1
17.9
8.8
18.7
8.9
1.0
1.0
22.2
9.2
3.5
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.5
96.7
27.7
3.5
50.5
49.3
3.6
3.6
16.4
104.2
31.2
3.3
49.1
52.1
32.5
42.5
11.2
75.1
26.8
2.8
47.8
18.1
0.0
0.0
15.5
104.6
26.9
3.9
49.7
47.9
0.0
2.7
9.3
60.0
29.8
2.0
48.6
15.3
0.0
0.0
22.0
146.8
27.6
5.3
49.9
54.2
1.4
1.4
34
4015/3042 DREP150:N2011d-624-1-BB////DKXL370:N11a20-31-1-B-B-SIB///GEMS-67 X 208801_DK212T_S11_F2S4_9157-Blk29/00-sib-B-BB/////DKB844:S1601-73-1-B-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-67
4044/4038 GUAT209:S13 08a-120-001-BB////CHIS740:S1411a-783-2-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEMS-6 X CUBA164:S2012-966-1-B-B////AR16035:S02615-1-B-B///GEMS-67
CUBA164:S1511b-325-1-B-B////AR16035:S02-615-1-BB///GEM67 X FS8B(T):N11a-322-1-B-B////DKXL370:N11a2031-1-B-B-SIB///GEM-67
4046/4016 CHIS775:S1911b-120-001-B-B-B-B////201101_SE32_S17_F2S4_9148-Blk22/00-sib///GEMS-67 X
CHO5015:N1204-057-001-b-b-b/////UR13085:N0215-14-1B///GEMS-67
Normal (Asgrow)
Mean
S
CV%
Max
min
entry
8.5
57.0
26.7
2.1
51.3
13.2
0.0
0.0
15.8
103.4
28.7
3.6
50.3
37.5
0.0
6.3
19.1
128.0
27.4
4.7
50.6
57.6
0.0
3.5
16.9
110.7
29.0
3.8
50.4
55.6
1.9
1.9
23.1
160.7
24.6
6.6
53.5
48.6
0.0
0.0
13.9
93.0
26.4
3.4
46.2
36.0
0.0
2.7
6.0
40.0
4.0
1.4
9.8
21.0
0.0
9.0
43.3
43.0
15.2
41.2
21.2
58.3
24.6
163.9
31.2
6.6
51.5
89.6
32.5
47.7
1.1
8.80
8.9
0.8
9.2
1.4
0.0
0.0
**
**
**
**
**
ns
**
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
35
Accessions currently being used to introduce adaptation genes to various regions in Nepal.
Map made using Excel Fusion and Google maps.
Page 36 of 41
Appendix Table 1: Evaluation of GEM germplasm for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation at
USDA-ARS and Mississippi State in 2014.
Aflatoxin (ng/g)
Pedigree
Seed Source
ln (y+1) Geometric
mean
5.13
169
((KO679Y/GEMS-0115)/GEMS-0181)-B-022
11GEM05826
2.74
14
GEMS-0030/KO679Y
12GEM04507
5.31
202
GEMN-0097/TF-2-0-T3-P74-G121
13GEM80057
5.24
188
GEMN-0097/TF-0-0-T2-P72-G122
13GEM80058
3.78
43
GEMN-0097/MSU_1
13GEM80059
4.59
97
GEMN-0097//GEMN-0130/MP494
13GEM80060
3.92
49
GEMN-0192//GEMN-0130/MP494
13GEM80062
4.32
74
GEMN-0205/TF-0-0-T2-P72-G122
13GEM80063
2.29
9
GEMS-0074//GEMN-0130/MP494
13GEM80064
5.08
160
(GEMS-0227/(Mp494/GEMS-0002)-001-002-001-001)
13GEM80065
5.40
220
GEMS-0227/TF-2-0-T3-P74-G121
13GEM80066
2.70
14
(GEMS-0227/(Mp717/GEMS-0002)-001-001-001-001)
13GEM80068
4.85
127
PHN46/(GEMN-0130/MP494)
13GEM80072
4.95
141
GEMN-0097/(GEMN-0130/MP494)
13GEM80076
5.45
231
GEMN-0205/(GEMN-0130/MP494)
13GEM80081
3.90
48
GEMS-0227/MSU_1
13GEM80085
3.84
46
GEMS-0227/TF-0-0-T2-P72-G122
13GEM80086
4.25
69
GEMS-0227/TF-0-0-T2-P72-G122
13GEM80088
5.39
217
LH61/(GEMN-0130/MP494)
13GEM80089
6.03
416
LH61/MSU_1
13GEM80090
4.55
93
(GEMN-0130/MP494)/GEMN-0205
13GEM80094
4.19
65
GEMN-0140/GEMN-0130
09GEM00182
4.80
121
GEMS-0030/GEMS-0091
07GEM02650
4.17
63
LH198/(UR13085:S99g99u-B-B-B-B-7-1)
HEN13:126 x 91
5.91
367
LH132/(TF-2-0-T3-P70-G121)
HEN13:101 x 61
4.35
76
PHV78/(UR13085:S99g99u-B-B-B-B-7-1)
HEN13:123 x 91
5.60
269
LH198/ (TF-1-0-T3-P66-G95)
HEN13:126 x 87
4.66
105
LH198/(TF2-0-T3-P70-G121)
HEN13:126 x 61
4.43
83
(Mp494xGEM#47)-1-2-1-1-1-1
HEN13-14:35-1
3.88
47
(Mp717xGEM#47)-1-1-1-1-1-1
HEN13-14:31-1
1.80
5
(Mp317xGEM#45)-2-1-1
PW13:78-1
1.49
3
(Mp317xGEM#45)-1-5-2-1-1
PW13:65-1
0.42
1
(Mp317xGEM#45)-1-5-3-1-1
PW13:66-1
3.86
47
(Mp317xGEM#45)-1-5-5-1-1
PW13:67-1
0.92
1
(Mp317xGEM#45)-1-5-6-1-1
PW13:68-1
1.60
4
(Mp317xGEM#45)-1-5-7-1-1
PW13:69-1
3.18
23
(CUBA117:S15-101-001-B-B-B-BB/BR51675:N0620-033-001-B-B-B)-B-20-1
PW13:86-1
5.18
176
UR13085:S99g99u-B-023-B-B-B
13GEM01695
4.13
61
UR13085:S99g99u-B-058-B-B-B
13GEM01696
3.96
51
UR13085:S99g99u-B-B-B-B-007-001-001-B
13GEM01697
5.71
300
KO679Y
11GEM06555
3.49
32
(GEMS-0002/GEMS-0003)-B-B-046-B-B
13GEM01531
Page 37 of 41
Mp313E
Mp717
Mp719
Mp420
B73
Va35
Mp 313E x Mp 717
B73 x Va35
12-13:623
12-13:715
11-12:466
13:005
11-12:480
13:2101
12-13:211
12-13:169
LSD (0.05)
3.57
4.77
2.46
4.25
6.12
5.55
2.01
4.60
1.79
35
117
11
69
452
256
6
98
Developing ears were inoculated with Aspergillus flavus using the side-needle technique 7 days after mid-silk.
Ears were hand harvested at maturity, dried, and shelled. Grain was ground and aflatoxin concentration was
determined using the Vicam Aflatest. Values for aflatoxin concentration were transformed [ln(y+1), where y =
aflatoxin concentration] prior to analysis of variance. Geometric means were calculated by converting the
transformed means to the original units of measure.
Page 38 of 41
Appendix Table 2: 3rd Millennium Genetics 2014 Fall Armyworm Data
Source ID
09GEM07680
Pedigre
e
GEMN-0140/GEMN-0130
11GEM06358
GEMS-0218
2
7.25
11GEM06540
GEMN-0133
3
11GEM80044
KUI44:N99ap99bj
4
6.
5
8.25
11GEM80045
KUI44:N99ap99bk
5
8
8.25
11GEM80077
CML373:S99y99bd
6
8
11GEM80102
Ki 14:S21z03
7
11GEM80144
TZAR104:N99bb99bk
8
8.
5
8.
6
8.25
8.25
11GEM80146
TZAR104:S99az99bl
9
9
8.25
12GEM03091
NEI9004:N0803-B-039-B
8.25
8.25
12GEM03193
ANTIG03:N1242-B-007-B-B
12GEM03233
GEMS-0240
8.
5
7.75
12GEM03241
GEMS-0241
12GEM03315
GEMN-0238
12GEM03323
GEMN-0239
8.
5
8.
5
8.
5
8.
5
7.75
12GEM03396
(LH61/KO679Y)/GEMN-0205
12GEM03978
GEMN-0152/ANTIG03:N1242-B-007-B
12GEM03993
DJ7/CML373//GEMS-0162
12GEM09129
GEMN-0152/ANTIG03:N1242-B-007-B
12GEM09132
PHB47/NC296//GEMS-0149
12GEM80008
ATL100:N99ba99bq
12GEM80011
ATL100:N99bb99br
12GEM80031
CML373:S99bd99ah
12GEM80037
PUER5:N99bb99bq
12GEM80046
TZAR104:N99bb99br
12GEM80047
TZAR104:N99bb99z
12GEM80056
CML287:N99ai42
12GEM80057
SX1078:N99bb42
12GEM80064
BR51039:S99bd99bs
12TPX1570
GEMS-0215/ANTIG03:N1242-B-007-B
1
0
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
1
7
1
8
1
9
2
0
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
4
2
5
2
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
3
0
Page 39 of 41
Entry
#
1
6" tall
8.25
8.
7
8.75
8
8.75
At
Tassel
9
8.
5
7.25
8.25
8
8.75
8.
5
8
8
8
8.75
8.25
7.75
8.25
9
8.25
8.
5
8.25
8.75
8.25
8.75
8.75
8.
5
8
8.75
8
8
8.75
8.
5
8.
5
7.
5
8.
5
8.
5
8.75
12TPX1571
GEMS-0219/ANTIG03:N1242-B-007-B
12TPX1622
(ANTIG03:N1242-B-007-B/3IIH6 )
13GEM01519
BS20(S)C2:S99u-B-060-B-B
13GEM01525
DKXL212:S0928-B-040-B-B
13GEM01531
GEMS-0002/GEMS-0003
13GEM01537
GEMS-0147/GEMS-0115
13GEM01538
GEMS-0147/GEMS-0115
13GEM01552
CL-00331:N1834-B-058-B-B
13GEM01562
NEI9004:N0803-B-019-B-B
13GEM01570
CL-G1703:S17c43-B-039-B-B
13GEM01585
GEMS-0002/GEMS-0149
13GEM01610
GEMN-0249
13GEM01611
BR105:N1643-B-023-B-B
13GEM80037
GEMS-0162/GEMS-0226
13GEM80043
GEMS-0203/GEMS-0226
13GEM80060
GEMN-0097//GEMN-0130/MP494
13GEM80062
GEMN-0192//GEMN-0130/MP494
13GEM80072
PHN46/(GEMN-0130/MP494)
13GEM80089
LH61/(GEMN-0130/MP494)
13GEM80094
GEMN-0130/MP494//GEMN-0205
Early Check - Moderate Tolerance
Late Check - Moderate Tolerance
Early Check - Moderate Tolerance
Early Check - Moderate Tolerance
Mid Mat Check - Moderate Tolerance
Mid Mat Check - Good Tolerance
Mid Mat Check - Good Tolerance
Mid Mat Check - Moderate Tolerance
Mid Mat Check - ModerateTolerance
Early Check - Moderate Tolerance
Mid Mat Check - Moderate Tolerance
Mid Mat Check - Moderate Tolerance
Mid Mat Check - Moderate Tolerance
3
1
3
2
3
3
3
4
3
5
3
6
3
7
3
8
3
9
4
0
4
1
4
2
4
3
4
4
4
5
4
6
4
7
4
8
4
9
5
0
5
1
5
2
5
3
5
4
5
5
5
7
5
8
6
0
6
1
6
2
6
3
6
4
65
Page 40 of 41
8.75
8
8.25
8.
5
8.25
8
8.
5
8
7.75
8
8.25
8.75
7.75
8.75
7.
5
8.75
8
8
8.
5
8.
5
7.25
8.75
8.
5
8.75
8.
5
8.75
7.75
8
8.75
8
9
8
8
8.75
8.
5
8.25
8.25
6.75
8
8.
5
7.75
8
7.75
7.
5
7
8.
5
8.75
8
8
7.75
7.25
7
8
8.75
7.
5
7
7.75
8
7.25
7
8.25
9
7.25
7.75
7.25
7.25
Early Check - Good Tolerance
66
Late Check - Good Tolerance
6
7
6
8
6
9
7
0
7
1
Mid Mat Check - Good Tolerance
Mid Mat Check - Good Tolerance
Late Check - Moderate Tolerance
Late Check - Good Tolerance
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8.25
8.25
7.75
8
8.75
9
8
8.75
8
8.75
8.75
8.75