Laboratory Manual
Fundamentals of Programming Languages-II
First Year Engineering
Teaching Scheme
Examination Scheme
Theory : 1 Hrs/Week
Term Work:
Online Exam : 2 Hrs/Week
Online Exam : 50 Marks
Oral :
——
——
Prepared By
Prof. Bhagwat K. S.
Prof. Katkar M. G.
Prof. Rampurkar V. V.
Department of First Year Engineering
Vidya Pratishthan’s College of Engineering
Baramati – 413133, Dist- Pune (M.S.)
INDIA
December 2014-15
Table of Contents
1 Linux Basic Commands
1.1 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 Pre Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3 Hardware and Software Requirement
1.4 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5 Post Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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1
1
1
1
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2 First C++ Hello World program.
2.1 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 Pre Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3 Hardware and Software Requirement
2.4 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.1 Object oriented programming
2.4.2 steps to operate Eclipse . . .
2.4.3 Required Output . . . . . . .
2.5 Post Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Concepts
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7
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3 First Java Hello World program
3.1 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 Pre Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3 Hardware and Software Requirement
3.4 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4.1 Required Output . . . . . . .
3.5 Post Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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11
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4 Web Technology Programming
4.1 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . .
4.2 Pre Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3 Hardware and Software Requirement
4.4 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.5 Post Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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17
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5 Java class to add integer numbers
5.1 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . .
5.2 Pre Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3 Hardware and Software Requirement
5.4 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.4.1 Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . .
5.4.2 Required Output . . . . . . .
5.5 Post Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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22
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
6 Java class for binary search
6.1 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . .
6.2 Pre Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3 Hardware and Software Requirement
6.4 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4.1 Binary search algorithm . . .
6.4.2 Required Output . . . . . . .
6.5 Post Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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24
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27
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7 Java class to find palindrome
7.1 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . .
7.2 Pre Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3 Hardware and Software Requirement
7.4 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.4.1 Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . .
7.4.2 Required Output . . . . . . .
7.5 Post Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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28
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8 Java program for arithmetic operations
8.1 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.2 Pre Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.3 Hardware and Software Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.4 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.4.1 Simple Calculator Using Switch Case Statement in java
8.4.2 Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.4.3 Required Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.5 Post Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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31
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9 C++ Class for sorting numbers
9.1 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . .
9.2 Pre Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.3 Hardware and Software Requirement
9.4 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.4.1 Required Output . . . . . . .
9.5 Post Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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10 Java class from Char to String and String to
10.1 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.2 Pre Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.3 Hardware and Software Requirement . . . . .
10.4 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.5 Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.5.1 Required output . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.6 Post Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Char
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38
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11 Java class for showing the current Time
11.1 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.2 Pre Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.3 Hardware and Software Requirement . .
11.4 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.4.1 Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.4.2 Expected output . . . . . . . . .
11.5 Post Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Date
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42
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and
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
12 Installation of Android ADT for Eclipse
12.1 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.2 Pre Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.3 Hardware and Software Requirement . .
12.4 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.4.1 Installing the Eclipse Plugin . . .
12.4.2 Download the ADT Plugin . . .
12.4.3 Configure the ADT Plugin . . .
12.5 Post Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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13 implementation on Android Simulator
13.1 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . .
13.2 Pre Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13.3 Hardware and Software Requirement .
13.4 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13.5 Post Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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References
51
iii
List of Tables
iv
List of Figures
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
Linux commands . . . . . . .
Linux commands . . . . . . .
Linux commands . . . . . . .
Linux commands . . . . . . .
Linux commands . . . . . . .
Linux commands . . . . . . .
Linux commands . . . . . . .
Snapshot of Linux commands
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2.1
First C++ hello world program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
Main eclipse window. .
add new file window. .
new java class window.
editor window. . . . .
editor window. . . . .
editor window. . . . .
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
HTML
HTML
HTML
HTML
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12
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example
example
example
example
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18
19
20
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5.1
Required output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
6.1
6.2
Examples of binary search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Required output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
27
7.1
Required output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
8.1
Required Arithmetic operation output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33
9.1
9.2
Sorting steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sorting output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
37
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
String variable declaration . . . . . . . .
String is stored in memory . . . . . . .
array of characters is stored in memory:
String to char . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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39
39
40
41
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43
13.1 New Project window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47
Tags
Tags
Tags
Tags
with
with
with
with
11.1 Output window
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LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF FIGURES
13.2 Android Application Output window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vi
49
Assignment 1
Linux Basic Commands
1.1
Problem Statement
Use and study of Linux commands
1.2
Pre Lab
Knowledge of Linux GUI
1.3
Hardware and Software Requirement
Hardware-P4 machine,1GB Ram,40 GB Hard Disk.Software-Linux OS
1.4
Theory
To invoke terminal application to run linux commands follow the following steps:
From desktop select ”Application” tab; Then select ”Accessories” sub menu; Then select ”Terminal”
option..it will display terminal window for command interaction.
1
1.4. THEORY
Linux Basic Commands
Figure 1.1: Linux commands
Figure 1.2: Linux commands
Lab Manual - Fundamentals of Programming Languages-II
2
VPCOE, Baramati
1.4. THEORY
Linux Basic Commands
Figure 1.3: Linux commands
Figure 1.4: Linux commands
Lab Manual - Fundamentals of Programming Languages-II
3
VPCOE, Baramati
1.4. THEORY
Linux Basic Commands
Figure 1.5: Linux commands
Figure 1.6: Linux commands
Lab Manual - Fundamentals of Programming Languages-II
4
VPCOE, Baramati
1.4. THEORY
Linux Basic Commands
Figure 1.7: Linux commands
Lab Manual - Fundamentals of Programming Languages-II
5
VPCOE, Baramati
1.5. POST LAB
Linux Basic Commands
Figure 1.8: Snapshot of Linux commands
1.5
Post Lab
Hence from this assignment you can learn linux basic commands.
Lab Manual - Fundamentals of Programming Languages-II
6
VPCOE, Baramati
Assignment 2
First C++ Hello World program.
2.1
Problem Statement
Write a C++ program in Eclipse to display Hello World string.
2.2
Pre Lab
Knowledge of programming in C . Knowledge of object oriented concepts of C++ and programming in
C++.
2.3
Hardware and Software Requirement
Hardware-P4 machine,1GB Ram,40 GB Hard Disk.Software-Linux O.S.,Eclipse
2.4
Theory
2.4.1
Object oriented programming Concepts
1. Class:
Class is a way to bind the data and its associated functions together. It allows data to be hidden if
necessary from external use.It has two parts 1) Class declaration and Class function definition.The
class declaration describes the type and scope of its members.The class function definitions describe
how the class functions are implemented.
General form of class declaration is:
class classname
7
2.4. THEORY
First C++ Hello World program.
{
private:
variable declarations;
function declarations;
public:
variable declarations;
function declarations;
};
2. Object
Objects are basic run time entities in an object oriented system.When a program is executed, the
object intrcts by sending messages to one another. for example, if ”customer” and ”account” are
two objects in program then a customer object may send message to account object requesting
for the bank balance.
2.4.2
steps to operate Eclipse
Run Eclipse:-
1. Doubleclick on the Eclipse icon in the Eclipse folder.
2. Hit OK in the dialog box that asks which workspace it should use.
Workspaces in Eclipse are folders on your computer where Eclipse will store all the files for your
projects.
Create a C++ project:-
Now you need to create a C++ project. An Eclipse project is a complete set of files which will be
one program when it is done, same as your complete robot project.
1. Go to the File menu and choose New.
2. Pick C++ Project.
3. A dialog box will pop up offering you a set of possibilities. Since you are trying to learn Eclipse,
choose Empty Project and use Hello World for the project name and click the Finish button.
Create a C++ Source File:-
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8
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2.4. THEORY
First C++ Hello World program.
1. Right click on the HelloWorld entry in the Project Explorer. The Project Explorer will be on the
left side of the Eclipse Window.
2. Select New from the menu that appears, then Source File.
3. A dialog box will appear. Type hello.cpp in the Source File text box and click the Finish button.
Type In Your Program:-
Type in the following code in the hello.cpp window.
figure 1.1 shows the code of first C++ hello world program :
Figure 2.1: First C++ hello world program.
Build Your Program:-
Now we need to build your program, which means we convert the C++ code into something that
your computer actually understands.
1. Click on the HelloWorld project in the Project Explorer.
2. Go to the Project menu and chose Build Project.
You should see a bunch of output at the bottom of the screen.
Run Your Program:Now try running your program.
1.Go to the Run menu and chose Run.
You should see Hello World!! appear in a tab called Console at the bottom of the screen.
If not, did you type something wrong in your program. If so, fix it and build and run again.
2.4.3
Required Output
Hello world!
Lab Manual - Fundamentals of Programming Languages-II
9
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2.5. POST LAB
2.5
First C++ Hello World program.
Post Lab
Hence from this assignment you can learn how to compile and execute simple C++ program in Eclips
IDE.
Lab Manual - Fundamentals of Programming Languages-II
10
VPCOE, Baramati
Assignment 3
First Java Hello World program
3.1
Problem Statement
Write a Java program in eclipse to display Hello World string.
3.2
Pre Lab
Knowledge of programming in C . Knowledge of object oriented concepts of C++.
3.3
Hardware and Software Requirement
Hardware-P4 machine,1GB Ram,40 GB Hard Disk.Software-JDK 1.7, NetBeans IDE 6.8.,Eclipse
3.4
Theory
Initializing Eclipse:When you develop Java applications in Eclipse, it stores all the created files in a directory called
”workspace”. When Eclipse is run for the first time, it will ask you where you want the workspace to
be placed:
You can just use the default location or specify your preferred location. To avoid getting asked this
question every time you start Eclipse, check ”Use this as the default and do not ask again” option and
press ”OK” button. Once Eclipse finishes its startup process, you will see the welcome window:
Click the ”Workbench” icon on the right, which will lead you to the main Eclipse window:
11
3.4. THEORY
First Java Hello World program
Figure 3.1: Main eclipse window.
Creating a Project:-
Now that you’ve got Eclipse up and running, it’s time to create your first Java project. To do this,
you’ll want to go File − > New − > Java Project.
Type your project name (say, cs144project1) in the ”Project name” field and click Finish. Then the
name of your newly created project will appear on the left side of the Eclipse window (this part of the
window is called ”Package explorer pane”):
As you create more projects in Eclipse, other project names will appear in the Package explorer pane
and you will be able to switch between your projects by clicking the name of a project.
Adding a New File to a Project:
Now that you’ve created your first project, you now want to create a new Java file (with .java
extension) and add it into your project. To create a new Java file, right click on the name of your
project (cs144project1) in the Package explorer pane and select New − > Class as follows:
This command will show you a window that looks like the following:
In the ”Name: ” section provide the name of the file (or the class) you want to create, HelloWorld,
and click ”Finish” button.
Lab Manual - Fundamentals of Programming Languages-II
12
VPCOE, Baramati
3.4. THEORY
First Java Hello World program
Figure 3.2: add new file window.
Figure 3.3: new java class window.
Congratulations! Now you have created your first Java code in eclipse. As you can see from the
Package explore pane, your project now includes HelloWorld.java file. The ”Editor pane” to the right of
the Package explorer pane shows the actual content of the HelloWorld.java file, which simply declares
HelloWorld as a public class. You can edit the content of the Java code inside the Editor pane.
Saving, compiling, and running Java code:Now let us learn how to code, compile and run a Java program in Eclipse.
Now save the file by selecting File − > Save, or pressing Ctrl-S (Option-S on Mac). When you save
a Java file, Eclipse will automatically compile the file also, so that you don’t need to compile it later
when you want to run it.
Lab Manual - Fundamentals of Programming Languages-II
13
VPCOE, Baramati
3.4. THEORY
First Java Hello World program
Figure 3.4: editor window.
Now that your code has been saved and compiled, you can run your program by selecting Run − >
Run, or by pressing Ctrl-F11 (Option-F11 on Mac) or by clicking on the ”Run” button near the top of
the window. Once your program finishes running, you will be able to see the output of your program
by selecting the ”Console tab” at the bottom of the window.
3.4.1
Required Output
Hello world!
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14
VPCOE, Baramati
3.4. THEORY
First Java Hello World program
Figure 3.5: editor window.
Figure 3.6: editor window.
Lab Manual - Fundamentals of Programming Languages-II
15
VPCOE, Baramati
3.5. POST LAB
3.5
First Java Hello World program
Post Lab
Hence from this assignment you can learn how to create first java Hello world program in Eclipse.
Lab Manual - Fundamentals of Programming Languages-II
16
VPCOE, Baramati
Assignment 4
Web Technology Programming
4.1
Problem Statement
Web technology programming using HTML for Hello World program, display images, web links
4.2
Pre Lab
Knowledge of web technology programming in HTML .
4.3
Hardware and Software Requirement
Hardware-P4 machine,1GB Ram,40 GB Hard Disk.Software-Internet Explorer
4.4
Theory
17
4.4. THEORY
Web Technology Programming
Figure 4.1: HTML Tags with example
Lab Manual - Fundamentals of Programming Languages-II
18
VPCOE, Baramati
4.4. THEORY
Web Technology Programming
Figure 4.2: HTML Tags with example
Lab Manual - Fundamentals of Programming Languages-II
19
VPCOE, Baramati
4.4. THEORY
Web Technology Programming
Figure 4.3: HTML Tags with example
Figure 4.4: HTML Tags with example
Lab Manual - Fundamentals of Programming Languages-II
20
VPCOE, Baramati
4.5. POST LAB
4.5
Web Technology Programming
Post Lab
hence from this assignment you learn creation of Web technology programming using HTML for Hello
World program, display images, web links
Lab Manual - Fundamentals of Programming Languages-II
21
VPCOE, Baramati
Assignment 5
Java class to add integer numbers
5.1
Problem Statement
Write a class in java to add integer numbers
5.2
Pre Lab
Knowledge of programming in C .
Knowledge of object oriented concepts of C++.
5.3
Hardware and Software Requirement
Hardware-P4 machine,1GB Ram,40 GB Hard Disk.Software-JDK 1.7, NetBeans IDE 6.8, Eclipse
5.4
Theory
5.4.1
Algorithm
1. import following package
import java.util.Scanner;
2. create class-class AddNumbers
3. define methodpublic static void main(String args[])
22
5.5. POST LAB
Java class to add integer numbers
4. create object of Scanner class
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
5. read input from user as integer values by using:
x = in.nextInt();
y = in.nextInt();
z = x + y;
6. display addition of integer numbers using :
System.out.println(”Sum of entered integers = ”+z);
5.4.2
Required Output
Figure 5.1: Required output
5.5
Post Lab
Hence from this assignment you learn creation of java program to add integer numbers.
Lab Manual - Fundamentals of Programming Languages-II
23
VPCOE, Baramati
Assignment 6
Java class for binary search
6.1
Problem Statement
Write a class for binary search.
6.2
Pre Lab
Knowledge of programming in C.
Knowledge of object oriented concepts of C++.
6.3
Hardware and Software Requirement
Hardware-P4 machine,1GB Ram,40 GB Hard Disk.Software-JDK 1.7, NetBeans IDE 6.8.,Eclipse
6.4
6.4.1
Theory
Binary search algorithm
Generally, to find a value in unsorted array, we should look through elements of an array one by one,
until searched value is found. In case of searched value is absent from array, we go through all elements.
In average, complexity of such an algorithm is proportional to the length of the array.
Situation changes significantly, when array is sorted. If we know it, random access capability can
be utilized very efficiently to find searched value quick. Cost of searching algorithm reduces to binary
logarithm of the array length. For reference, log2(1 000 000) 20. It means, that in worst case, algorithm
24
6.4. THEORY
Java class for binary search
makes 20 steps to find a value in sorted array of a million elements or to say, that it doesn’t present it
the array.
Algorithm:
Algorithm is quite simple. It can be done either recursively or iteratively:
1. get the middle element;
2. if the middle element equals to the searched value, the algorithm stops;
3. otherwise, two cases are possible:
-searched value is less, than the middle element. In this case, go to the step 1 for the part of the
array, before middle element.
-searched value is greater, than the middle element. In this case, go to the step 1 for the part of
the array, after middle element.
Now we should define, when iterations should stop. First case is when searched element is found.
Second one is when subarray has no elements. In this case, we can conclude, that searched value doesn’t
present in the array.
Lab Manual - Fundamentals of Programming Languages-II
25
VPCOE, Baramati
6.4. THEORY
Java class for binary search
Figure 6.1: Examples of binary search
Lab Manual - Fundamentals of Programming Languages-II
26
VPCOE, Baramati
6.5. POST LAB
6.4.2
Java class for binary search
Required Output
Figure 6.2: Required output
6.5
Post Lab
Hence from this assignment students can learn how to write java class for binary search.
Lab Manual - Fundamentals of Programming Languages-II
27
VPCOE, Baramati
Assignment 7
Java class to find palindrome
7.1
Problem Statement
Write a java program for finding palindrome.
7.2
Pre Lab
Knowledge of programming in C .
Knowledge of object oriented concepts of C++.
7.3
Hardware and Software Requirement
Hardware-P4 machine,1GB Ram,40 GB Hard Disk.Software-JDK 1.7, NetBeans IDE 6.8.
7.4
Theory
Java palindrome program: Java program to check if a string is a palindrome or not. Remember a string
is a palindrome if it remains unchanged when reversed, for example ”dad” is a palindrome as reverse of
”dad” is ”dad” whereas ”program” is not a palindrome.
7.4.1
Algorithm
1. first import following package
import java.util.*;
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7.4. THEORY
Java class to find palindrome
for taking input string
2. define class Palindrome
3. define inside the class follwing method
public static void main(String args[])
4. declare variables and object of Scanner class to take user input
String original, reverse=””; Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
5. Enter a string to check if it is a palindrome by using following statement
original = in.nextLine();
6. find length by using following statement
int length = original.length();
7. make reverse of entered string using following statements
for ( int i = length − 1; i >= 0; i − − )
reverse = reverse + original.charAt(i);
8. check reversed string with original one using if statement
if (original.equals(reverse))
9. if condition is true then display messages on console
”Entered string is a palindrome.”
10. else display message
”Entered string is not a palindrome.”
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7.5. POST LAB
7.4.2
Java class to find palindrome
Required Output
Figure 7.1: Required output
7.5
Post Lab
Hence from this assignment you learn how to create java program to check string is palindrome or not
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Assignment 8
Java program for arithmetic
operations
8.1
Problem Statement
Write a java program to calculate addition, subtraction,multiplication and division.
8.2
Pre Lab
Knowledge of programming in C .
Knowledge of object oriented concepts of C++.
8.3
Hardware and Software Requirement
Hardware-P4 machine,1GB Ram,40 GB Hard Disk.Software-JDK 1.7, NetBeans IDE 6.8.,Eclipse
8.4
8.4.1
Theory
Simple Calculator Using Switch Case Statement in java
This program is a simple calculator designed in java using switch case statement to perform some basic
arithmetic operation on two integers entered by user.
It enables the user to enter a choice that corresponds to one of the four basic arithmetic operation,
addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The control structure used in this code is switch
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8.4. THEORY
Java program for arithmetic operations
case, which works in the same manner as that in C or C++.
8.4.2
Algorithm
1. import package
import java.util.Scanner;
2. create object of Scanner class to take user input
Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);
3. Display menu
”YOU HAVE FOLLOWING CHOICES : ”
”1. ADDITION”
”2. SUBTRACTION ”
”3. MULTIPLICATION ”
”4. DIVISION”
”ENTER YOUR CHOICE : ”
4. read user choice using statement
int i=s.nextInt();
5. take two numbers from user using statements
int a=s.nextInt();
int b=s.nextInt();
6. write switch case and perform each separate arithmetic operation in separate case
case 1:
result=a+b;
break;
case 2:
result=a-b;
break;
case 3:
result=a*b;
break;
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8.5. POST LAB
Java program for arithmetic operations
case 4:
result=a/b;
default:
System.out.println(”YOU HAVE ENTERED A WRONG CHOICE”);
7. display result
8.4.3
Required Output
Figure 8.1: Required Arithmetic operation output
8.5
Post Lab
Hence from this assignment you learn use of JAVA program for arithmetic operation.
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Assignment 9
C++ Class for sorting numbers
9.1
Problem Statement
Write a C++ class for sorting Numbers in Ascending or Descending order
9.2
Pre Lab
Knowledge of programming in C .
Knowledge of object oriented concepts of C++.
9.3
Hardware and Software Requirement
Hardware-P4 machine,1GB Ram,40 GB Hard Disk.Software-JDK 1.7, NetBeans IDE 6.8.,Eclipse
9.4
Theory
Number Sorting Techniques:
1. Bubble Sort
2. Selection Sort
3. Insertion Sort
4. Quick Sort
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9.4. THEORY
C++ Class for sorting numbers
5. Merge Sort
6. Bucket Sort
Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm that works by repeatedly stepping through the list to be
sorted, comparing each pair of adjacent items and swapping them if they are in the wrong order. The
pass through the list is repeated until no swaps are needed, which indicates that the list is sorted. The
algorithm gets its name from the way smaller elements ”bubble” to the top of the list. Because it only
uses comparisons to operate on elements, it is a comparison sort. Although the algorithm is simple,
most of the other sorting algorithms are more efficient for large lists. Bubble sort is not a stable sort
which means that if two same elements are there in the list, they may not get their same order with
respect to each other.
Step-by-step example:
Let us take the array of numbers ”5 1 4 2 8”, and sort the array from lowest number to greatest number
using bubble sort. In each step, elements written in bold are being compared. Three passes will be
required.
Figure 9.1: Sorting steps
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9.5. POST LAB
C++ Class for sorting numbers
Algorithm:
1. Enter the no. of elements to sort and store in n.
2. Enter the actual elements and store in array a[].
3. for i=0 to n {
for j=i to n-1
{
if(a[i] > a[j+1] )
{ temp= a[i];
a[i]= a[j+1];
a[j+1]= temp;
}
}
}
4. Display sorted array a[]
9.4.1
9.5
Required Output
Post Lab
Hence from this assignment students can learn C++ class for sorting numbers in ascending or descending
order.
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9.5. POST LAB
C++ Class for sorting numbers
Figure 9.2: sorting output
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Assignment 10
Java class from Char to String and
String to Char conversion
10.1
Problem Statement
Write a class to convert String into chars and chars into String.
10.2
Pre Lab
Knowledge of programming in C.
Knowledge of object oriented concepts of C++.
10.3
Hardware and Software Requirement
Hardware-P4 machine,1GB Ram,40 GB Hard Disk.Software-JDK 1.7, NetBeans IDE 6.8.
10.4
Theory
Strings in Java refer figure:
How a String is stored in memory refer figure:
Now compare with how an array of characters is stored in memory:
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10.4. THEORY
Java class from Char to String and String to Char conversion
Figure 10.1: String variable declaration
Figure 10.2: String is stored in memory
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10.4. THEORY
Java class from Char to String and String to Char conversion
Figure 10.3: array of characters is stored in memory:
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10.5. ALGORITHM
10.5
Java class from Char to String and String to Char conversion
Algorithm
1. read string and store in s = ”abc”;
2. create character array A[] of type char.
char[] A= new char[4];;
3. To convert String s into an array of char use
A = s.toCharArray();
4. Display string s into an array of char
for i = 0 to A.length do
System.out.println( ”A [ ” + i + ” ] = ” + A [i] );
5. To convert an array of char A into string, assign characters to array A. A[0] = ’v’; A[1] = ’p’; A[2]
= ’c’; A[3] = ’o’;
Then allocate memory to s = new String( A );
6. for int i = 0 to A.length
System.out.println( ”A[” + i + ”] = ” + A[i] );
7. Display string s;
10.5.1
Required output
Figure 10.4: String to char
10.6
Post Lab
Hence from this assignment students can learn creation of java class to convert String into chars and
chars into String.
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Assignment 11
Java class for showing the current
Time and Date
11.1
Problem Statement
Write a class for showing the current Time and Date.
11.2
Pre Lab
Knowledge of Java Programming
Knowledge of C++ programming
11.3
Hardware and Software Requirement
Hardware-P4 machine,1GB Ram,40 GB Hard Disk.Software:JDK 1.7,Eclipse
11.4
Theory
Java date and time program :- Java code to print or display current system date and time. This program
prints current date and time. We are using GregorianCalendar class in our program.
11.4.1
Algorithm
1. first import following package
import java.util.*;
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11.5. POST LAB
Java class for showing the current Time and Date
2. create a class GetCurrentDateAndTime
3. create a method public static void main(String args[])
4. declare variables
int day, month, year;
int second, minute, hour;
5. create object of GregorianCalendar class by using new keyword
6. call the following methods of GregorianCalendar to obtain current day,month and year.Also copy
into the declared variables
date.get(Calendar.DAY OF MONTH);
date.get(Calendar.MONTH);
date.get(Calendar.YEAR);
7. call the following methods of GregorianCalendar to obtain current hours,minutes and seconds.Also
copy into the declared variables
date.get(Calendar.SECOND);
date.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
date.get(Calendar.HOUR);
8. display by using following statements System.out.println()
11.4.2
Expected output
Figure 11.1: Output window
11.5
Post Lab
Hence from this assignment you can learn how to write a java class for showing the current Time and
Date.
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Assignment 12
Installation of Android ADT for
Eclipse
12.1
Problem Statement
Installation of Android ADT for Eclipse
12.2
Pre Lab
Knowledge of Eclipse IDE
12.3
Hardware and Software Requirement
Hardware-P4 machine,1GB Ram,40 GB Hard Disk.Software
12.4
Theory
12.4.1
Installing the Eclipse Plugin
Android offers a custom plugin for the Eclipse IDE, called Android Development Tools (ADT). This
plugin provides a powerful, integrated environment in which to develop Android apps. It extends the
capabilities of Eclipse to let you quickly set up new Android projects, build an app UI, debug your app,
and export signed (or unsigned) app packages (APKs) for distribution.
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12.5. POST LAB
Installation of Android ADT for Eclipse
If you need to install Eclipse, you can download it from eclipse.org/downloads/.
12.4.2
Download the ADT Plugin
1. Start Eclipse, then select Help − > Install New Software.
2. Click Add, in the top-right corner.
3. In the Add Repository dialog that appears, enter ”ADT Plugin” for the Name and the following
URL for the Location:
https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/
4. Click OK. If you have trouble acquiring the plugin, try using ”http” in the Location URL, instead
of ”https” (https is preferred for security reasons).
5. In the Available Software dialog, select the checkbox next to Developer Tools and click Next.
6. In the next window, you’ll see a list of the tools to be downloaded. Click Next.
7. Read and accept the license agreements, then click Finish. If you get a security warning saying
that the authenticity or validity of the software can’t be established, click OK.
8. When the installation completes, restart Eclipse.
12.4.3
Configure the ADT Plugin
Once Eclipse restarts, you must specify the location of your Android SDK directory:
(a) In the ”Welcome to Android Development” window that appears, select Use existing SDKs.
(b) Browse and select the location of the Android SDK directory you recently downloaded and
unpacked.
(c) Click Next.
Your Eclipse IDE is now set up to develop Android apps
12.5
Post Lab
Hence from this assignment you can learn Installation of Android ADT for Eclipse
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Assignment 13
implementation on Android
Simulator
13.1
Problem Statement
Study and implementation on Android Simulator,”Hello World”
13.2
Pre Lab
Knowledge of Eclipse IDE
13.3
Hardware and Software Requirement
Hardware-P4 machine,1GB Ram,40 GB Hard Disk.Software:Eclipse
13.4
Theory
Assumption is that you have already installed:
i) Eclipse ii) Downloaded Android SDK iii) Installed the ADT plugin for Eclipse
Then follow the steps:
1. Launch Eclipse
2. Then select Menu and sub menus as:
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13.4. THEORY
implementation on Android Simulator
Figure 13.1: New Project window
3. New− >Project− >Android− >Android Project
4. Then click next button.
following screen will appear. Filled details are shown for students assistance as-
Then click on finish button.
workspace for developing ”Hello World” application will be created for you by Eclipse environment as:
Then from ”src” folder, select ”com.example.HW”.
Then you will see ”HelloWorldActivity.java” file below it. Double click on it.
You will see template code as-
package com.example.HW;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class helloWorldActivity extends Activity
{
/ *called when activity is first created */
@Override
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13.4. THEORY
implementation on Android Simulator
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.Layout.main);
}
}
Add the lines to get our desired output of HelloWorld in above code as–
package com.example.HW;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView; / * this line allows you to output text to the screen* /
public class helloWorldActivity extends Activity
{
/ *called when activity is first created */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.Layout.main);
TextView tv=new TextView(this);
tv.setText(”HelloWorld”);
setContentView(tv);
}
}
To test this code, now switch to package Explorer on left hand side
click on your workspace ”HelloWorldApp”.Then right click and then you will see menu like this. Then
click ”Run As” sub option and again select ”Android Application” sub option.
Eclipse environment will take a while and you will get emulators window.
Click on ”Menu” button of your emulator. Then within a moment you will going to see following
HelloWorld application.
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13.4. THEORY
implementation on Android Simulator
Figure 13.2: Android Application Output window
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13.5. POST LAB
13.5
implementation on Android Simulator
Post Lab
Hence from this assignment you can Study and implementation on Android Simulator,”Hello World”
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References
[1] Herbert Schildt, ”The Complete Reference JAVA2”, Tata McGraw Hill Publication,
[2] Balgurusamy, ”Object Oriented programming in C++”, Tata McGraw Hill Publication,
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