Envisioning and Accelerating
Science and Technology
CNS, SLIS, IU, Bloomington, IN, USA & KNAW, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
katy@indiana.edu | http://cns.iu.edu
Médialab Sciences Po, 27 rue Saint Guillame
7eme arrondissement, Room Eugene D'EICHTAL - A35
Wednesday, April 11, 2012
Börner, Katy (2010) Atlas of Science. MIT Press.
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Börner, Katy (2010) Atlas of Science. MIT Press.
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Börner, Katy (2010) Atlas of Science. MIT Press.
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2000 Night on Earth
This image shows city lights at night. It was composed from hundreds of pictures made by orbiting satellites.
The seaboards of Europe, the eastern United States, and Japan are particularly well lit. Many cities exist near
rivers or oceans so that goods can be exchanged cheaply by boat. The central parts of South America, Africa,
Asia, and Australia are rather dark despite their high population density, see map to the left.
Börner, Katy (2010) Atlas of Science. MIT Press.
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2005 World Population
The population map uses a quarter degree box resolution. Boxes with zero people are given in white. Darker
shades of red indicate higher population counts per box using a logarithmic interpolation. The highest density
boxes appear in Mumbai, with 11,687,850 people in the quarter degree block, Calcutta (10,816,010), and
Shanghai (8,628,088).
Börner, Katy (2010) Atlas of Science. MIT Press.
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2007 IP Address Ownership
This map shows IP address ownership by location. Each owner is represented by a circle and the area size of the
circle corresponds to the number of IP addresses owned. The larges circle denotes MIT’s holdings of an entire
class A subnet, which equates to 16,581,375 IP addresses. The countries that own the most IP addresses are US
(560 million), Japan (130 million), Great Britain (47 million).
Börner, Katy (2010) Atlas of Science. MIT Press.
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2003 Scientific Productivity
Shown is where science is performed today. Each circle indicates a geographic location at which scholarly papers
are published. The larger the circle the more papers are produced. Boston, MA, London, England, and New
York, NY are the top three paper production areas. Note the strong resemblance with the Night on Earth and
the IP Ownership maps and the striking differences to the world population map.
Börner, Katy (2010) Atlas of Science. MIT Press.
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Find your way
Descriptive &
Predictive
Models
Find collaborators, friends
Take terra bytes of data
Identify trends
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Find your way
Plug-and-Play
Macroscopes
Find collaborators, friends
Take terra bytes of data
Identify trends
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Overview
1.
Data mining and visualization research that
aims to increase our scientific understanding of the
structure and dynamics of science and technology.
2.
Novel approaches and services that improve
information access, researcher networking, and
research management.
3.
Data services and plug-and-play macroscope
tools that commoditize data mining and
visualization.
Overview
1.
Data mining and visualization research that
aims to increase our scientific understanding of the
structure and dynamics of science and technology.
2.
Novel approaches and services that improve
information access, researcher networking, and
research management.
3.
Data services and plug-and-play macroscope
tools that commoditize data mining and
visualization.
Type of Analysis vs. Level of Analysis
Micro/Individual
(1-100 records)
Meso/Local
(101–10,000 records)
Macro/Global
(10,000 < records)
Statistical
Analysis/Profiling
Individual person and
their expertise profiles
Larger labs, centers,
universities, research
domains, or states
All of NSF, all of USA,
all of science.
Temporal Analysis
(When)
Funding portfolio of
one individual
Mapping topic bursts
in 20-years of PNAS
113 Years of Physics
Research
Geospatial Analysis
(Where)
Career trajectory of one
individual
Mapping a states
intellectual landscape
PNAS publications
Topical Analysis
(What)
Base knowledge from
which one grant draws.
Knowledge flows in
Chemistry research
VxOrd/Topic maps of
NIH funding
Network Analysis
(With Whom?)
NSF Co-PI network of
one individual
Co-author network
NIH’s core competency
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Type of Analysis vs. Level of Analysis
Micro/Individual
(1-100 records)
Meso/Local
(101–10,000 records)
Macro/Global
(10,000 < records)
Statistical
Analysis/Profiling
Individual person and
their expertise profiles
Larger labs, centers,
universities, research
domains, or states
All of NSF, all of USA,
all of science.
Temporal Analysis
(When)
Funding portfolio of
one individual
Mapping topic bursts
in 20-years of PNAS
113 Years of Physics
Research
Geospatial Analysis
(Where)
Career trajectory of one
individual
Mapping a states
intellectual landscape
PNAS publciations
Topical Analysis
(What)
Base knowledge from
which one grant draws.
Knowledge flows in
Chemistry research
VxOrd/Topic maps of
NIH funding
Network Analysis
(With Whom?)
NSF Co-PI network of
one individual
Co-author network
NIH’s core competency
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Mapping Indiana’s Intellectual Space
Identify
 Pockets of innovation
 Pathways from ideas to products
 Interplay of industry and academia
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Individual Co-PI Network
Ke & Börner, (2006)
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Mapping the Evolution of Co-Authorship Networks
Ke, Visvanath & Börner, (2004) Won 1st price at the IEEE InfoVis Contest.
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Studying the Emerging Global Brain: Analyzing and Visualizing the Impact of
Co-Authorship Teams
Börner, Dall’Asta, Ke & Vespignani (2005)
Complexity, 10(4):58-67.
Research question:
• Is science driven by prolific single
experts or by high-impact
co-authorship teams?
Contributions:
• New approach to allocate citational credit.
• Novel weighted graph representation.
• Visualization of the growth of weighted co-author network.
• Centrality measures to identify author impact.
• Global statistical analysis of paper production and citations in correlation with coauthorship team size over time.
• Local, author-centered entropy measure.
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Mapping Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research
Centers Publications
Compare R01 investigator based funding with TTURC
Center awards in terms of number of publications and
evolving co-author networks.
Zoss & Börner, forthcoming.
Supported by NIH/NCI Contract HHSN261200800812
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MEDLINE Publication Output by The National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Using Nine Years of ExPORTER Data
Katy Börner, Nianli Ma, Joseph R. Biberstine, Cyberinfrastructure for Network Science Center, SLIS, Indiana University,
Robin M. Wagner, Rediet Berhane, Hong Jiang, Susan E. Ivey, Katrina Pearson and Carl McCabe, Reporting Branch,
Division of Information Services, Office of Research Information Systems, Office of Extramural Research, Office of the
Director, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD.
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Mapping Topic Bursts
Co-word space of
the top 50 highly
frequent and bursty
words used in the
top 10% most
highly cited PNAS
publications in
1982-2001.
Mane & Börner. (2004)
PNAS, 101(Suppl. 1):
5287-5290.
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References
Börner, Katy, Chen, Chaomei, and Boyack, Kevin. (2003).
Visualizing Knowledge Domains. In Blaise Cronin
(Ed.), ARIST, Medford, NJ: Information Today, Volume
37, Chapter 5, pp. 179-255.
http://ivl.slis.indiana.edu/km/pub/2003-borner-arist.pdf
Shiffrin, Richard M. and Börner, Katy (Eds.) (2004).
Mapping Knowledge Domains. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,
101(Suppl_1).
http://www.pnas.org/content/vol101/suppl_1/
Börner, Katy, Sanyal, Soma and Vespignani, Alessandro
(2007). Network Science. In Blaise Cronin (Ed.), ARIST,
Information Today, Inc., Volume 41, Chapter 12,
pp. 537-607.
http://ivl.slis.indiana.edu/km/pub/2007-borner-arist.pdf
Börner, Katy (2010) Atlas of Science. MIT Press.
http://scimaps.org/atlas
Scharnhorst, Andrea, Börner, Katy, van den Besselaar,
Peter (2011) Models of Science Dynamics.
Springer Verlag.
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Debut of 5th Iteration of Mapping Science Exhibit at MEDIA X was on May 18, 2009 at Wallenberg Hall,
Stanford University, http://mediax.stanford.edu, http://scaleindependentthought.typepad.com/photos/scimaps
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Science Maps in “Expedition Zukunft” science train visiting 62 cities in 7 months 12 coaches, 300 m long
Opening was on April 23rd, 2009 by German Chancellor Merkel
http://www.expedition-zukunft.de
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Information on how to host the exhibit or acquire a subset of the maps is at http://scimaps.org
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Overview
1.
Data mining and visualization research that
aims to increase our scientific understanding of the
structure and dynamics of science and technology.
2.
Novel approaches and services that improve
information access, researcher networking, and
research management.
3.
Data services and plug-and-play macroscope
tools that commoditize data mining and
visualization.
Different Stakeholder Groups and Their Needs
Funding Agencies
 Need to monitor (long-term) money flow and research developments, identify
areas for future development, stimulate new research areas, evaluate funding
strategies for different programs, decide on project durations, funding patterns.
Scholars
 Want easy access to research results, relevant funding programs and their
success rates, potential collaborators, competitors, related projects/publications
(research push).
Industry
 Is interested in fast and easy access to major results, experts, etc. Influences the
direction of research by entering information on needed technologies (industrypull).
Advantages for Publishers
 Need easy to use interfaces to massive amounts of interlinked data. Need to
communicate data provenance, quality, and context.
Society
 Needs easy access to scientific knowledge and expertise.
Scholars Have Different Roles/Needs
Researchers and Authors—need to select promising research topics, students, collaborators,
and publication venues to increase their reputation. They benefit from a global view of
competencies, reputation and connectivity of scholars; hot and cold research topics and
bursts of activity, and funding available per research area.
Editors—have to determine editorial board members, assign papers to reviewers, and
ultimately accept or reject papers. Editors need to know the position of their journals in the
evolving world of science. They need to advertise their journals appropriately and attract
high-quality submissions, which will in turn increase the journal’s reputation.
Reviewers—read, critique, and suggest changes to help improve the quality of papers and
funding proposals. They need to identify related works that should be cited or
complementary skills that authors might consider when selecting project collaborators.
Teachers/Mentors—teach classes, train doctoral students, and supervise postdoctoral
researchers. They need to identify key works, experts, and examples relevant to a topic area
and teach them in the context of global science.
Inventors—create intellectual property and obtain patents, thus needing to navigate and make
sense of research spaces as well as intellectual property spaces.
Investigators—scholars need funding to support students, hire staff, purchase equipment, or
attend conferences. Here, research interests and proposals have to be matched with existing
federal and commercial funding opportunities, possible industry collaborators and sponsors.
Team Leads and Science Administrators—many scholars direct multiple research projects
simultaneously. Some have full-time staff, research scientists, and technicians in their
laboratories and centers. Leaders need to evaluate performance and provide references for
current or previous members; report the progress of different projects to funding agencies.
Mapping Sustainability Research
http://mapsustain.cns.iu.edu
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The geographic map at state level.
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The geographic map at city level.
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Search result for “corn”
Icons have same size but represent different #records
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Click on one icon to display all records of one type.
Here publications in the state of Florida.
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Detailed information on demand
via original source site for exploration and study.
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The science map at 13 top-level scientific disciplines level.
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The science map at 554 sub-disciplines level.
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NIH Topic Maps
https://app.nihmaps.org
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https://app.nihmaps.org
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VIVO International Researcher
Network
VIVO: A Semantic Approach to Creating a National Network
of Researchers (http://vivoweb.org)
• Semantic web application and ontology
editor originally developed at Cornell U.
• Integrates research and scholarship info
from systems of record across
institution(s).
• Facilitates research discovery and crossdisciplinary collaboration.
• Simplify reporting tasks, e.g., generate
biosketch, department report.
Funded by $12 million NIH award.
Cornell University: Dean Krafft (Cornell PI), Manolo Bevia, Jim Blake, Nick Cappadona, Brian Caruso, Jon Corson-Rikert, Elly Cramer, Medha Devare,
John Fereira, Brian Lowe, Stella Mitchell, Holly Mistlebauer, Anup Sawant, Christopher Westling, Rebecca Younes. University of Florida: Mike Conlon
(VIVO and UF PI), Cecilia Botero, Kerry Britt, Erin Brooks, Amy Buhler, Ellie Bushhousen, Chris Case, Valrie Davis, Nita Ferree, Chris Haines, Rae Jesano,
Margeaux Johnson, Sara Kreinest, Yang Li, Paula Markes, Sara Russell Gonzalez, Alexander Rockwell, Nancy Schaefer, Michele R. Tennant, George Hack,
Chris Barnes, Narayan Raum, Brenda Stevens, Alicia Turner, Stephen Williams. Indiana University: Katy Borner (IU PI), William Barnett, Shanshan Chen,
Ying Ding, Russell Duhon, Jon Dunn, Micah Linnemeier, Nianli Ma, Robert McDonald, Barbara Ann O'Leary, Mark Price, Yuyin Sun, Alan Walsh, Brian
Wheeler, Angela Zoss. Ponce School of Medicine: Richard Noel (Ponce PI), Ricardo Espada, Damaris Torres. The Scripps Research Institute: Gerald
Joyce (Scripps PI), Greg Dunlap, Catherine Dunn, Brant Kelley, Paula King, Angela Murrell, Barbara Noble, Cary Thomas, Michaeleen
Trimarchi. Washington University, St. Louis: Rakesh Nagarajan (WUSTL PI), Kristi L. Holmes, Sunita B. Koul, Leslie D. McIntosh. Weill Cornell
Medical College: Curtis Cole (Weill PI), Paul Albert, Victor Brodsky, Adam Cheriff, Oscar Cruz, Dan Dickinson, Chris Huang, Itay Klaz, Peter Michelini,
Grace Migliorisi, John Ruffing, Jason Specland, Tru Tran, Jesse Turner, Vinay Varughese.
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Temporal Analysis (When) Temporal visualizations of the number of papers/funding
award at the institution, school, department, and people level
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Topical Analysis (What) Science map overlays will show where a person, department,
or university publishes most in the world of science. (in work)
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Network Analysis (With Whom?) Who is co-authoring, co-investigating, co-inventing
with whom? What teams are most productive in what projects?
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http://nrn.cns.iu.edu
Geospatial Analysis (Where) Where is what science performed by whom? Science is
global and needs to be studied globally.
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VIVO On-The-Go
Overview, Interactivity,
Details on Demand
come to
commonly
used devices
and environments
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Develop VIVO Visualizations
See also Visualization in VIVO Workshop on Aug 24, 2011
http://wiki.cns.iu.edu/display/PRES/VIVO+Presentation
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Overview
1.
Data mining and visualization research that
aims to increase our scientific understanding of the
structure and dynamics of science and technology.
2.
Novel approaches and services that improve
information access, researcher networking, and
research management.
3.
Data services and plug-and-play macroscope
tools that commoditize data mining and
visualization.
Börner, Katy. (March 2011).
Plug-and-Play Macroscopes.
Communications of the ACM,
54(3), 60-69.
Video and paper are at
http://www.scivee.tv/node/27704
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Needs-Driven Workflow Design using a modular data acquisition/analysis/
modeling/ visualization pipeline as well as modular visualization layers.
Börner, Katy (2010) Atlas of Science. MIT Press. 56
OSGi & CIShell
 CIShell (http://cishell.org) is an open source software specification for the integration
and utilization of datasets, algorithms, and tools.
 It extends the Open Services Gateway Initiative (OSGi) (http://osgi.org), a
standardized, component oriented, computing environment for networked services
widely used in industry since more than 10 years.
 Specifically, CIShell provides “sockets” into which existing and new datasets,
algorithms, and tools can be plugged using a wizard-driven process.
Developers
Workflow
Alg
Alg
Users
CIShell Wizards
Alg
CIShell
Sci2 Tool
Workflow
NWB Tool
Tool
Workflow
Workflow
Tool
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CIShell Developer Guide
(http://cishell.wiki.cns.iu.edu)
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CIShell Portal (http://cishell.org)
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Network Workbench Tool
http://nwb.cns.edu
The Network Workbench (NWB) tool
supports researchers, educators, and
practitioners interested in the study of
biomedical, social and behavioral science,
physics, and other networks.
In February 2009, the tool provides more 169
plugins that support the preprocessing,
analysis, modeling, and visualization of
networks.
More than 50 of these plugins can be
applied or were specifically designed for
S&T studies.
It has been downloaded more than 65,000
times since December 2006.
Herr II, Bruce W., Huang, Weixia (Bonnie), Penumarthy, Shashikant & Börner, Katy. (2007). Designing Highly Flexible and Usable
Cyberinfrastructures for Convergence. In Bainbridge, William S. & Roco, Mihail C. (Eds.), Progress in Convergence - Technologies for Human
Wellbeing (Vol. 1093, pp. 161-179), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Boston, MA.
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Computational Proteomics
What relationships exist between protein targets of all drugs and all
disease-gene products in the human protein–protein interaction network?
Yildriim, Muhammed
A., Kwan-II Goh,
Michael E. Cusick,
Albert-László Barabási,
and Marc Vidal. (2007).
Drug-target Network.
Nature Biotechnology
25 no. 10: 1119-1126.
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Computational Economics
Does the type of product that a
country exports matter for
subsequent economic performance?
C. A. Hidalgo, B. Klinger,
A.-L. Barabási, R. Hausmann
(2007) The Product Space
Conditions the Development
of Nations. Science 317,
482 (2007).
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Computational Social Science
Studying large scale social
networks such as Wikipedia
Second Sight: An Emergent Mosaic of
Wikipedian Activity,
The NewScientist, May 19, 2007
Computational Epidemics
Forecasting (and preventing the effects of) the next pandemic.
Epidemic Modeling in Complex realities, V. Colizza, A. Barrat, M. Barthelemy, A.Vespignani, Comptes Rendus
Biologie, 330, 364-374 (2007).
Reaction-diffusion processes and metapopulation models in heterogeneous networks, V.Colizza, R. Pastor-Satorras,
A.Vespignani, Nature Physics 3, 276-282 (2007).
Modeling the Worldwide Spread
of Pandemic Influenza: Baseline
Case and Containment Interventions,
V. Colizza, A. Barrat, M. Barthelemy,
A.-J. Valleron, A.Vespignani,
PloS-Medicine 4, e13, 95-110 (2007).
Sci2 Tool – “Open Code for S&T Assessment”
OSGi/CIShell powered tool with NWB plugins and
many new scientometrics and visualizations plugins.
Sci Maps
GUESS Network Vis
Horizontal Time Graphs
Börner, Katy, Huang, Weixia (Bonnie), Linnemeier, Micah, Duhon, Russell Jackson, Phillips, Patrick, Ma, Nianli, Zoss,
Angela, Guo, Hanning & Price, Mark. (2009). Rete-Netzwerk-Red: Analyzing and Visualizing Scholarly Networks
Using the Scholarly Database and the Network Workbench Tool. Proceedings of ISSI 2009: 12th International Conference
on Scientometrics and Informetrics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, July 14-17 . Vol. 2, pp. 619-630.
Sci2 Tool Vis cont.
Geo Maps
Circular Hierarchy
http://sci2.cns.iu.edu
http://sci2.wiki.cns.iu.edu
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OSGi/CIShell Adoption
Europe
USA
A number of other projects recently adopted OSGi and/or CIShell:
 Cytoscape (http://cytoscape.org) Led by Trey Ideker at the University of California, San Diego is
an open source bioinformatics software platform for visualizing molecular interaction
networks and integrating these interactions with gene expression profiles and other state data
(Shannon et al., 2002).
 MAEviz (https://wiki.ncsa.uiuc.edu/display/MAE/Home) Managed by Jong Lee at NCSA is an
open-source, extensible software platform which supports seismic risk assessment based on
the Mid-America Earthquake (MAE) Center research.
 Taverna Workbench (http://taverna.org.uk) Developed by the myGrid team
(http://mygrid.org.uk) led by Carol Goble at the University of Manchester, U.K. is a free
software tool for designing and executing workflows (Hull et al., 2006). Taverna allows users
to integrate many different software tools, including over 30,000 web services.
 TEXTrend (http://textrend.org) Led by George Kampis at Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest,
Hungary supports natural language processing (NLP), classification/mining, and graph
algorithms for the analysis of business and governmental text corpuses with an inherently
temporal component.
 DynaNets (http://www.dynanets.org) Coordinated by Peter M.A. Sloot at the University of
Amsterdam, The Netherlands develops algorithms to study evolving networks.
 SISOB (http://sisob.lcc.uma.es) An Observatory for Science in Society Based in Social Models.
As the functionality of OSGi-based software frameworks improves and the number and
diversity of dataset and algorithm plugins increases, the capabilities of custom tools will expand.
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Computational Scientometrics
Cyberinfrastructures
Scholarly Database: 25 million scholarly records
http://sdb.cns.iu.edu
VIVO Research Networking
http://vivoweb.org
Information Visualization Cyberinfrastructure
http://iv.cns.iu.edu
Network Workbench Tool & Community Wiki
http://nwb.cns.iu.edu
Science of Science (Sci2) Tool
http://sci2.cns.iu.edu
Epidemics Tool & Marketplace
Forthcoming
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Scholarly Database at Indiana University
http://sdb.wiki.cns.iu.edu
Supports federated search of 25 million publication, patent, grant records.
Results can be downloaded as data dump and (evolving) co-author, paper-citation networks.
Register for free access at http://sdb.cns.iu.edu
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Since March 2009:
Users can download networks:
- Co-author
- Co-investigator
- Co-inventor
- Patent citation
and tables for
burst analysis in NWB.
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"Sci2 Tool: A Tool for Science of Science Research and Practice" Tutorial
Instructor:
Time/Date:
Dr. Katy Börner
10:30a-12:30 and 13:30-15:30 on 13 April, 2012
Place:
OECD Conference Centre (CC) Auditorium, OECD
2, rue André Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France
Format:
Audience:
Lecture and “hands-on” training. Please bring your laptop.
This tutorial is designed for researchers and practitioners
interested to use advanced data mining algorithms and
visualizations in their research and daily decision making.
Free, but required to register via
http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/NPLF97Q
Cost:
Abstract:
The Science of Science Tool (Sci2) (http://sci2.cns.iu.edu) was designed for
researchers and practitioners interested to study and understand the structure and
dynamics of science. Today it is used by major federal agencies in the US but also by
researchers from more than 40 countries and from many different areas of research.
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All papers, maps, tools, talks, press are linked from http://cns.iu.edu
CNS Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/cnscenter
Mapping Science Exhibit Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/mappingscience
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