Intermediate Band Solar Cell InAs quantum dots in a GaAs Sb

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InAs quantum dots in a GaAs1-xSbx
matrix for intermediate band solar cell
•  Comparison of different solar cells……
Intermediate
Band Solar Cell
•  Intermediate band solar cell
•  Experiment data and analysis Yang Cheng
•  Conclusions and future work
9/20/14
Yang Cheng1, Mukul Debnath1, Vincent R. Whiteside1, Tetsuya Mishima1,
Michael B. Santos1, Ian R. Sellers1, Lucas Phinney2, Khalid Hossain2
•  1 University of Oklahoma
•  2 Amethyst Research Inc.
Best Research-Cell Efficiencies
Page § 2
Photovoltaics Materials & Device Group, University of Oklahoma: http://www.nhn.ou.edu/~sellers/group/index.html
Solar Energy Distribution
Page § 3
Photovoltaics Materials & Device Group, University of Oklahoma: http://www.nhn.ou.edu/~sellers/group/index.html
Intermediate Band Solar Cells
Increase the efficiency of low-cost solar cells as long as have the
potential of operating with very high efficiency.
Luque, Antonio, and Antonio Martí. Advanced Materials 22.2 (2010): 160-174.
Page § 4
Photovoltaics Materials & Device Group, University of Oklahoma: http://www.nhn.ou.edu/~sellers/group/index.html
Quantum Dot Intermediate band solar cell
Luque, Antonio, and Antonio Martí. Advanced Materials 22.2 (2010): 160-174.
Page § 5
Photovoltaics Materials & Device Group, University of Oklahoma: http://www.nhn.ou.edu/~sellers/group/index.html
Motivation
Page § 6
Photovoltaics Materials & Device Group, University of Oklahoma: http://www.nhn.ou.edu/~sellers/group/index.html
Transition from Type ǀ to Type ǁ‖
Type ǀ Alignment
Type ǁ‖ Alignment
Type ǀ Alignment has more osillator strength, which gives us a
high PL intensity compared with Type ǁ‖ Alignment.
For a Quasi-flat valence band, we should have a weaker PL
due to the carrier escape for valence band.
Page § 7
Photovoltaics Materials & Device Group, University of Oklahoma: http://www.nhn.ou.edu/~sellers/group/index.html
Experiment Data and Analysis
GaAs.872Sb.128
x ML
50 nm
InAs QDs
x ML
GaAs.872Sb.128
10 nm
GaAs. Buffer
250 nm
GaAs. Substrate
We vary the thickness of InAs
QDs.
Thickness
varies
Intensity (arb. u.)
InAs QDs
The 3MLs sample gives us the
best PL result.
250000
T659 1s 1.5 ML
T658 1s 1.75ML
T646 1s 2.0 ML
T647 1s 2.5 ML
T657 1s 3.0 ML
T710 1s 3.5 ML
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
900
1000
1100
1200
Wavelength (nm)
QDs density is nearly
4 ×1011 cm −2
Page § 8
Photovoltaics Materials & Device Group, University of Oklahoma: http://www.nhn.ou.edu/~sellers/group/index.html
1300
Experiment Data and Analysis
InAs QDs
GaAs1-xSbx
GaAs. Buffer
50 nm
3.0 ML
10 nm
Barrier
Composition
varies
50000
250 nm
GaAs. Substrate
We vary the Sb composition in the
barriers from 10% to 18%
The 12% Sb gives us PL intensity
two order magnititude larger than
the 16%
The Sb composition increasing
shows peak shift and PL intensity
reduction
Page § 9
Intensity (arb. u.)
GaAs1-xSbx
3.0 ML
Intensity (arb. u.)
InAs QDs
40000
30000
T692 0.14 Sb
30000
20000
10000
975
1050
1125
Wavelength (nm)
0
1200
20000
10000
0
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
Wavelength (nm)
Photovoltaics Materials & Device Group, University of Oklahoma: http://www.nhn.ou.edu/~sellers/group/index.html
1250
1.2
T693 0.10
T691 0.12
T706 0.16
T707 0.18
1.0
Sb
Sb
Sb
Sb
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
40000
Intensity (arb. u.)
Norm. Intensity (arb. u.)
4K PL Data and Analysis
30000
T691 0.12 Sb
T706 0.16 Sb 50X
20000
10000
0
0.0
1020
1050
1080
1110
1140
Wavelength (nm)
1170
900
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
Wavelength (nm)
Large defects band
Question:
Is this reduction due to Type ǀ to Type ǁ‖ transition or due more to
defects?
Page § 10
Photovoltaics Materials & Device Group, University of Oklahoma: http://www.nhn.ou.edu/~sellers/group/index.html
TD PL Data and Analysis
16% Sb
Intensity (arb. u.)
21000
18000
15000
12000
9000
1
A
6000
a
4.2 K
7K
10 K
15 K
20 K
25 K
30 K
35 K
40 K
45 K
50 K
55 K
60 K
65 K
70 K
75 K
80 K
85 K
90 K
95 K
60000
Intensity (arb. u.)
24000
50000
40000
30000
1
A
20000
a
4.2 K
10K
20 K
30 K
40 K
50 K
60 K
70 K
80 K
90 K
100 K
110 K
120 K
130 K
140 K
150 K
160 K
170 K
180 K
190 K
200 K
10000
3000
0
12% Sb
2619
2621
2626
2628
2607
2611
2613
2615
2617
2620
2622
2624
2625
2627
2595
2599
2602
2601
2609
2612
2618
2623
2585
2591
2597
2605
2608
2610
2614
2616
2593
2600
2603
2604
2606
2575
2576
2582
2583
2586
2589
2592
2594
2596
2598
2572
2573
2579
2584
2588
2587
2590
2558
2559
2567
2577
2578
2581
2580
2542
2551
2562
2565
2566
2568
2569
2571
2574
2545
2546
2547
2548
2550
2553
2555
2560
2563
2570
2535
2536
2537
2540
2543
2549
2552
2554
2556
2557
2561
2564
CVG
CVO
CWB
CVT
2524
2525
2530
2533
2534
2539
2541
2544
CVN
CVQ
CVI
CWA
CVS
CVU
CVV
CVY
CVZ
2523
2527
2529
2531
2538
CUU
CVD
CVM
CVW
CVX
2513
2512
2517
2518
2520
2521
2522
2526
2528
2532
CUY
CUZ
CVC
CVA
CVH
CVK
CVJ
CVL
CVR
2514
2515
2516
2519
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CUW
CUP
CUS
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CVE
CVF
CVP
2491
2494
2497
2499
2503
2506
2507
2508
2510
2509
2511
CTS
CUA
CUG
CUK
CUN
CUR
CUV
CUX
2486
2488
2495
2496
2501
2504
2505
CTW
CTT
CTX
CUC
CUE
CUH
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CUL
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2474
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2487
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2492
2493
2498
2500
2502
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2465
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2471
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2490
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2460
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2461
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2472
2476
2482
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CTD
CTE
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CTP
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2449
2453
2455
2463
2462
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2468
2479
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CSM
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CSR
CSS
CSU
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CSX
CTA
CSZ
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2437
2441
2445
2452
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2454
2456
2457
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CSG
CSN
CSJ
CSP
2424
2427
2426
2428
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2440
2442
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2446
2447
2448
2450
2458
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CRT
CRV
CRX
CSA
CSD
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CSH
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2411
2421
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2432
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2438
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2407
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2379
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COO
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COV
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2341
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CLC
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CLG
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2245
2251
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2267
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CKO
CKL
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CLB
CLD
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2236
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2242
2246
2250
2256
2262
2263
2266
CJO
CJW
CJS
CKG
CKM
CKK
CKP
CKR
CKI
CKS
CLI
2223
2227
2229
2230
2234
2235
2237
2240
2241
2243
2244
2252
CJC
CJQ
CJI
CJX
CKC
CKA
CKF
CKJ
CKX
CLH
2203
2211
2213
2218
2217
2219
2222
2225
2224
2226
2228
2232
2231
2238
CIS
CIU
CJG
CJM
CJK
CJJ
CJL
CJT
CJV
CJY
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CJZ
CKH
CKN
2205
2207
2209
2212
2215
2221
2220
2233
CIO
CIQ
CJB
CJA
CJD
CIY
CJE
CJH
CJN
CJR
CJU
CKB
2175
2183
2187
2192
2191
2193
2196
2200
2201
2204
2206
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2216
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CIA
CIB
CIG
CIM
CIJ
CIN
CIL
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CIP
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CIV
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CJP
2169
2172
2177
2185
2188
2189
2194
2197
2198
2202
2208
CHK
CHM
CHW
CHX
CIC
CID
CIE
CIH
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CIR
2155
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2195
2199
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CHN
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2148
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2161
2162
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CGS
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CHA
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2163
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CGM
CGO
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CGW
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CGT
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CHE
CHP
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2119
2118
2124
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2130
2136
2138
2140
2142
2143
2147
2149
2150
2154
2165
CEQ
CFW
CFS
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CGA
CGC
CFY
CGE
CGG
CGH
CGK
CGN
CGP
CGR
CGU
2085
2091
2094
2100
2099
2103
2105
2108
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2109
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2114
2116
2117
2121
2126
2127
2131
2133
2134
2135
2139
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CFM
CFT
CFX
CFZ
CGF
CGJ
2063
2071
2081
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2110
2112
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2120
2122
2123
2129
2132
CEN
CEW
CFC
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CFL
CFQ
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CFR
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CGB
2067
2074
2079
2082
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2093
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2102
2104
2111
CDU
CEF
CEK
CEO
CER
CEI
CET
CEY
CFE
CFH
CFF
CFK
CFO
CFN
CFV
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2045
2055
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2061
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2098
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CDM
CDI
CDS
CDX
CEC
CEE
CEG
CEM
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CES
CEU
CEX
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CFB
CFJ
2003
2019
2032
2034
2037
2041
2047
2049
2050
2053
2054
2059
2064
2073
2076
2078
2088
CCM
CCS
CCU
CCV
CCY
CDK
CDN
CDL
CDW
CDP
CDT
CDY
CEA
CDZ
CEB
CED
CEP
CEV
1987
2015
2030
2035
2039
2040
2042
2043
2046
2052
2051
2056
2068
2070
CCB
CCO
CCJ
CCX
CDA
CDE
CDG
CDH
CDR
CDV
CEH
CEL
2007
2009
2014
2017
2020
2021
2023
2025
2027
2031
2033
2036
2038
2044
2048
2058
CBG
CBO
CBW
CBS
CBY
CCE
CCG
CCN
CCQ
CCR
CCT
CCZ
CDB
CDD
CDF
CDO
CDJ
CDQ
1208
1265
1279
1975
1977
1982
1981
1989
1991
1997
2002
2005
2008
2011
2013
2016
2018
2024
2028
BZY
CAQ
CBD
CBE
CBM
CBK
CBN
CBI
CBU
CBV
CBX
CCA
CBZ
CCF
CCH
CCK
CCL
CCP
CCW
CCI
1187
1195
1218
1228
1245
1249
1248
1250
1268
1267
1269
1270
1280
1296
1299
1947
1951
1973
1978
1979
1983
1988
1993
1992
1994
1995
1996
1999
2001
2000
2004
2006
2010
2012
2022
2026
CAA
CAG
CAJ
CAW
CAI
CAU
CAY
CBB
CBA
CBQ
CBL
CBR
CBT
CCC
CCD
1177
1179
1185
1184
1186
1189
1188
1191
1193
1196
1198
1200
1201
1204
1203
1205
1207
1209
1211
1213
1215
1217
1219
1220
1223
1225
1230
1229
1231
1232
1244
1247
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1259
1261
1264
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1266
1272
1271
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1281
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1282
1286
1291
1292
1293
1295
1302
1301
1305
1320
1333
1337
1339
1343
1353
1375
1906
1921
1927
1933
1939
1943
1946
1949
1948
1953
1956
1957
1961
1964
1965
1967
1969
1971
1972
1974
1980
1984
1986
1985
1990
1998
BZQ
BZU
CAC
CAE
CAF
CAH
CAM
CAK
CAR
CAT
CAV
CBC
CAZ
CBF
CBH
CBP
1152
1161
1169
1171
1176
1182
1190
1192
1199
1202
1206
1210
1212
1214
1222
1224
1226
1237
1239
1243
1251
1254
1256
1258
1262
1278
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1321
1324
1323
1326
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1329
1331
1334
1340
1342
1351
1361
1371
1399
1475
1877
1879
1881
1889
1901
1904
1919
1920
1930
1934
1935
1937
1938
1940
1942
1945
1944
1950
1955
1960
1959
1962
1963
1966
1970
1976
BYG
BZA
BZD
BZK
BZL
BZW
BZI
BZS
CAB
CAD
BZZ
CAO
CAL
CAP
CAX
CBJ
1127
1136
1143
1151
1150
1153
1154
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1164
1167
1170
1174
1173
1175
1178
1181
1180
1183
1194
1216
1221
1227
1234
1233
1235
1236
1240
1242
1241
1246
1253
1257
1260
1273
1274
1276
1287
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1298
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1813
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1851
1867
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1894
1895
1897
1903
1905
1907
1910
1912
1913
1725
1916
1733
1923
1922
1924
1926
1925
1738
1928
1929
1931
1936
1751
1941
1952
1954
1958
1968
BYA
BYE
BYM
BYJ
BYO
BYQ
BYR
BYI
BYU
BYV
BZE
BZF
BZM
BZO
BZN
BZT
BZV
BZX
CAN
CAS
1097
1101
1111
1112
1118
1121
1123
1124
1128
1131
1133
1139
1141
1144
1145
1147
1146
1149
1155
1157
1158
1160
1162
1163
1172
1197
1238
1294
1335
1350
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bhi
bho
bhq
bhj
bhv
bhx
bhz
bhy
bia
bie
bih
bin
biq
bir
bix
bja
bjf
bjq
bjv
bjy
659
662
666
674
673
675
676
879
881
684
883
686
687
688
692
889
693
891
892
695
895
901
907
AMO
AMP
AMV
ANC
AFW
ANQ
ANW
AGE
ANS
ANT
ANX
AOA
ANY
ANZ
AOE
AOF
AOM
AOI
AOS
awa
awm
awq
awz
awy
axb
axa
axc
axi
axq
axy
aya
aym
ayh
ayn
ayu
ayv
ayx
ayz
azc
azd
aze
azk
azi
azp
azs
azw
azy
baa
bad
bae
bam
baf
bao
baj
bal
bas
baw
bat
bbb
bba
bbm
bbk
bbq
bbp
bbo
bbj
bbl
bbr
bbv
bbz
bcd
bce
bch
bcf
bcn
bcq
bcp
bcu
bcv
bcy
bcx
bda
bcz
bdd
bdm
bdh
bdq
bdp
bdo
bdj
bdi
bdl
bds
bdu
bdw
bdv
bdx
bea
bec
bed
bee
bem
bef
bek
beq
beu
bfb
bfa
bfe
bfh
bfv
bft
bfx
bgs
bhb
bhe
bic
649
655
658
660
661
663
670
679
681
878
683
884
885
888
890
896
ALH
ALO
ALU
ALT
AMA
ALX
AMG
ALY
AMK
AMJ
AMN
AMQ
AMT
AFD
AMX
AMY
AMZ
ANB
AFO
AND
ANE
ANG
ANH
AFR
ANF
ANM
ANO
ANN
AGC
ANJ
ANL
AGB
ANP
AFY
ANR
ANI
AGH
ANV
AGK
AGJ
AOC
AGR
AGI
auj
auz
avn
avp
avr
avv
awc
avt
avx
awh
awk
awi
awp
awu
aww
awr
awv
awt
axd
axe
axm
axn
axp
axo
axj
axw
axr
axv
axx
axz
ayb
ayd
ayg
ayf
ayk
ayq
ayo
ayj
ayi
ayl
ayw
ayr
azb
aza
azg
azj
azq
azu
azr
azv
azt
bab
bah
bak
ban
bap
bau
bar
bav
bbd
bbc
bbn
bbu
bbw
bbt
bby
bcc
bck
bcj
bde
bdr
beb
ben
bej
bex
bhm
644
651
652
653
657
664
665
667
668
671
882
887
886
894
ALC
ALF
ALM
ALN
ALL
ALQ
ALW
ALR
ALV
AMD
AMC
AMB
AME
AER
AML
AEY
AMI
AMR
AMU
AFE
AFF
AFH
ANA
AFK
AFM
AFQ
AFI
AFT
AFV
AGA
AGG
AFZ
AGF
AGM
AGO
arr
arv
ase
ash
asf
asi
asq
asy
atc
atn
ati
ato
atw
aua
auf
auk
auw
auu
auy
ava
avd
avc
ave
avh
avk
avo
avs
avu
avw
awb
awd
awe
avz
avy
awg
awf
awn
awo
awl
awx
axg
axh
axf
axk
axl
axu
axt
ayp
ays
ayt
ayy
azl
azx
bbe
bbg
bbf
bcl
bdb
bdf
beh
621
627
645
647
646
650
654
656
AKA
ADD
AKU
AKT
AKV
AKX
ADJ
ADP
ALA
ALB
ALG
ALE
ALK
AEC
AEG
ALP
AEH
ALS
AEL
AEQ
AEW
ALZ
AMH
AMF
AMM
AES
AEU
AEZ
AMS
AFA
AFB
AFG
AFN
AFJ
AFL
AFP
AFS
AFU
AGD
AFX
AGN
AGL
AGQ
AGP
aqs
ara
aro
ari
asd
asm
asn
ass
asw
asu
ast
asx
asz
atd
ate
ath
atf
atk
atq
atj
atl
ats
atu
aub
aue
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aum
atz
auh
aug
aun
aui
aup
auo
auq
aus
aur
aut
aux
avb
avg
avm
avf
avi
avq
avj
avl
awj
aws
aye
azm
azn
azz
bay
599
612
625
626
631
634
636
637
640
639
641
642
648
ABZ
AJN
ACH
ACQ
AJX
AKC
ACL
AKD
AJZ
ACS
AKH
AKM
AKO
AKN
AKQ
ADC
ACZ
AKW
AKP
AKR
ADE
AKI
AKS
ADH
ADK
ADM
ADO
ADN
AKZ
ADL
ALD
ADS
ADU
ADT
ADY
ADX
ADZ
AEA
AEB
AED
ALJ
AEE
ALI
AEK
AEM
AEO
AEN
AEJ
AEP
AEI
AET
AEV
AFC
aqf
aqk
aqo
aqj
aqp
aqq
aql
aqw
aqr
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aqy
arb
arg
arh
arm
arf
arp
ars
arw
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arx
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asc
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asl
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atg
atm
atp
atr
auc
atv
aud
atx
aty
aul
auv
axs
602
607
614
619
620
623
628
629
630
633
635
638
643
AJA
AIX
AIY
AJE
AJG
AJM
AJK
ACG
AJQ
ACE
AJP
AJW
ACF
AJR
AJU
AJT
AJS
ACO
AJV
AKB
ACW
AJY
ACP
ACR
AKE
ACI
ACU
AKK
ACY
ACX
AKJ
ADA
AKL
ADG
ADF
AKY
ADQ
ADW
ADR
ADI
ADV
AEF
AEX
ans
aol
apb
apa
apg
apk
apj
api
aps
apx
aqa
apz
aqd
aqg
aqm
aqh
aqn
aqt
aqx
ard
arc
are
ark
arn
arq
arj
arl
aru
asa
ary
ask
asp
asj
593
604
606
609
608
610
611
613
617
616
618
622
624
632
AAE
AAG
AHZ
ABD
AIK
AIJ
AIQ
AIW
ABM
ABK
AIS
ABL
ABR
AJC
ABS
AIZ
AJF
ABY
ABX
ACC
ACB
ACA
ACD
AJO
AJL
AJI
ACK
ACM
ACN
ACJ
AKG
AKF
ACV
ADB
ank
afr
anw
anu
anv
ant
aom
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aop
aoo
aou
aox
aot
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apc
apd
ape
apm
aph
apf
apo
apq
app
apl
apu
apr
apv
apt
apy
aqc
aqb
aqe
aqi
aqu
aqv
587
588
590
589
592
594
595
596
598
597
600
601
603
605
615
AHM
AAA
AHI
AHU
ZR
AAF
ZI
AAM
ZT
AAJ
AAQ
AAL
AAW
AAR
AAS
AAU
AIA
AAT
AIC
AIB
AIE
AIH
ABC
ABB
AAZ
AIF
AIM
ABE
ABF
ABH
AIO
AIN
ABO
ABN
ABJ
ABQ
AIU
AIT
ABW
AIV
AJD
ABI
ABU
ABV
AJH
ACT
alw
amm
amn
amp
amu
amt
afb
afd
ana
anm
anh
afl
afw
afu
ani
anp
agc
anj
anq
agd
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afy
agh
anr
agf
anx
any
aoa
ago
agp
aog
aof
aon
aoi
aoq
aos
aow
aor
aov
aoz
apn
apw
551
560
566
572
573
575
577
579
580
582
584
585
AGU
AGV
AGX
AGZ
AHC
AHE
AHH
AHF
AHO
AHN
AHW
AHP
AHR
ZM
AAB
AHS
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AAD
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AHV
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AAH
AHX
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AHY
AAK
AAN
AAP
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AAI
AAV
AID
AAX
AIG
AAY
ABA
ABG
AIL
AIP
AII
AIR
ABP
AJB
ABT
AJJ
ads
ady
adz
aeb
aee
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amd
amc
als
amh
alr
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aeq
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ami
amq
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amy
afc
afe
anb
anc
ane
afk
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afo
afj
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anf
afs
ann
aga
afv
age
agg
agm
agk
agi
aod
aoc
agq
aoe
agl
aoh
aoj
548
556
555
557
559
562
564
569
570
574
578
581
583
586
591
AGW
AGS
YJ
AGY
YS
AHA
AHB
AHD
YV
AHG
YY
ZA
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AHK
AHJ
AHQ
AAC
ZO
AHT
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AAO
ZX
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ajg
aju
aka
ajt
acr
act
adm
aku
akr
akv
akt
adp
adr
alc
ale
alg
adx
alh
alm
aea
aed
alf
aeg
amb
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alq
alj
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all
amg
aen
alu
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amf
amk
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alt
alz
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aly
amo
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aml
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aez
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amv
afa
amz
afg
afm
afh
aff
ano
agb
anl
afx
agn
anz
agj
agr
532
535
540
543
546
547
549
552
553
554
558
563
568
571
576
XB
XW
XU
XY
YA
YE
YG
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AGT
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YR
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AHL
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abm
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ajd
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acm
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ajs
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akc
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akg
acl
adb
akj
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aks
akw
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adv
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aec
alk
aln
ama
alo
ali
aef
aek
aej
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aes
amj
aev
amw
and
afn
aob
516
517
520
522
524
526
529
531
534
537
536
538
539
541
542
545
550
561
XC
XM
XJ
XL
XP
XT
XV
XZ
YB
YD
YH
YM
YK
YO
YU
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aho
aae
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ain
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abf
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abw
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acc
acg
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ajo
ajq
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aci
ajx
ajy
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akh
acv
akk
ada
acy
acx
ako
akp
add
akl
adh
adf
adk
adn
akz
adj
adi
adw
alb
aeu
afz
503
506
512
514
518
519
521
523
525
528
530
533
544
VQ
WA
WB
WM
WN
WQ
WR
WI
WS
WU
WV
WY
XA
XE
XK
XO
XQ
XI
XR
XX
YC
yo
ahc
ahg
ahk
ahn
ahi
aab
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ahl
aad
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aai
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aau
aaw
aic
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aih
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aim
aat
abb
aba
aif
aii
aij
aiw
abn
abo
abj
abi
aix
aja
abr
abx
ajh
acb
ajp
ajl
acn
acp
akf
akn
acz
ado
467
475
492
493
495
497
499
498
501
502
505
507
511
510
515
527
UI
UZ
VE
VO
VR
VU
WD
WH
WK
WO
WJ
WW
WT
WZ
XD
XG
XN
XS
ym
yn
yj
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agu
yu
agy
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aha
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ahb
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aaa
ahs
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ahx
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aak
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aan
aap
aid
aax
aay
abc
aip
abh
air
aiv
ait
aiz
abt
aby
ajn
akd
adc
423
457
461
471
473
474
476
478
480
479
481
483
485
487
491
490
494
496
500
504
508
509
513
TK
UB
UK
UM
UN
UP
UU
VC
VB
VF
VK
VM
VN
VJ
VL
VP
WC
VT
WE
WG
WF
WP
WX
XH
XF
xb
xh
xg
xn
xj
xs
xw
xu
xv
xz
yb
yc
ye
yh
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ags
agw
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agx
yy
za
ahe
zc
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zg
zh
ahf
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zn
ahp
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ahj
ahq
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aag
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aaf
ahz
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aaz
424
444
446
451
453
460
463
464
466
470
477
482
484
486
488
489
SA
SW
TC
TF
TO
TL
TI
UA
UD
UE
UF
UW
UT
UX
VA
VD
VG
VH
VI
VS
VV
VX
VZ
VY
wa
vv
wb
WL
wq
ww
wu
xd
xk
xi
xo
xq
xl
xt
xx
ya
yd
yg
yk
yl
yw
agv
yr
agt
yt
yx
zb
yz
zm
zu
aaj
392
403
412
417
419
421
426
432
433
435
436
439
441
449
448
450
452
454
455
456
458
459
462
465
469
468
472
SZ
TA
TG
TE
TH
TN
TW
TR
TS
TU
TY
TX
TZ
UO
UL
UQ
UR
US
UV
uq
va
vd
ve
VW
vm
vh
vn
vi
vq
vw
vu
wc
vt
vx
wm
wh
wg
wf
wo
wi
wl
wr
wx
wy
wz
xc
xm
xf
xp
xr
xy
yf
zo
393
404
405
407
409
415
420
427
430
431
434
438
437
440
442
443
445
447
QS
RB
RH
RK
RN
RQ
RS
RY
SG
SK
SJ
SL
SP
SR
SI
ST
SV
SX
SY
TB
TD
TM
TJ
TP
TT
tw
tv
ty
ue
tz
uh
um
up
uj
UY
uw
uu
uz
ux
vc
vb
vg
vf
vk
vo
vp
vj
vl
vs
vr
wd
we
vy
wk
wj
ws
wv
wt
xa
xe
335
356
362
363
364
368
373
376
378
381
383
385
388
387
389
394
396
401
402
406
408
411
413
416
422
425
428
429
PW
QD
QF
QK
QO
QJ
QQ
QI
QU
QT
QV
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RC
RE
RG
RF
RM
RJ
RR
RI
RU
RT
RV
RX
SC
rjSB
rw
SE
SF
SH
se
SO
SQ
SS
SU
sk
si
sl
sv
sy
tb
ta
TQ
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to
tjUG
tq
tp
tr
ua
ud
tx
uf
uk
un
uo
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us
ur
uv
uy
vz
wp
288
303
320
332
333
339
343
346
348
351
353
355
357
358
361
360
365
366
367
370
371
372
375
380
379
382
386
390
391
395
NY
OC
397
399
398
400
OO
ON
OR
OS
414
OT
418
OY
PC
PD
PG
PH
PO
PJ
PQ
PP
PI
PS
pp
pi
QC
pw
QG
QM
py
QN
QL
QW
qn
qp
QX
qi
RA
RD
qt
qz
RO
RL
RW
RP
re
rf
rk
rn
rp
ro
rq
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sa
SM
rx
SN
sm
sg
sn
so
sj
sq
ss
sw
su
sr
st
sx
tc
td
te
tm
ts
ub
uc
ug
ui
ut
wn
223
IB
265
276
277
278
282
285
286
297
301
302
305
308
311
315
317
319
KZ
322
324
326
325
LG
327
ky
330
LW
337
340
342
341
LT
345
347
350
352
354
359
MS
369
NA
374
NE
377
nb
NM
NN
384
NW
NI
NS
NU
NX
OB
OD
nw
OE
OF
nx
OM
OK
410
OP
OI
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on
oi
OZ
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PA
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PE
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pb
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PK
PM
PN
pe
pg
PL
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pk
PU
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QP
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ru
rr
rv
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tg
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tUC
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114
132
160
175
194
197
201
210
219
221
230
239
242
253
255
257
IH
258
260
268
269
270
271
273
IZ
280
287
293
295
299
298
300
KK
ikm
307
KQ
KW
309
310
312
KS
313
314
316
318
KY
321
323
328
329
331
LJ
lc
lb
336
338
LR
lg
LS
LU
344
ME
MG
mb
349
LY
MK
MJ
MQ
MW
MI
MR
mo
ms
MX
mu
mr
MZ
NC
NB
ND
NG
NF
NH
na
NK
NO
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NL
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NR
nf
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np
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nu
OH
nv
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PF
ph
pm
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pn
QA
px
qa
qc
qh
qq
ql
qs
qv
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rb
rc
rg
sz
59
87
89
125
127
129
142
146
149
150
152
154
164
167
ev
168
171
FK
177
179
FS
184
186
188
ga
198
GL
GW
205
211
212
213
215
217
HG
222
225
226
227
229
HW
231
232
235
HV
237
236
ho
241
240
243
245
246
247
248
250
251
IA
252
ID
IE
IF
id
259
IK
262
264
263
IJ
IQ
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266
272
iJB
iw
I274
275
JG
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281
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lJO
283
JJ
JN
jd
X
JP
JW
jm
289
291
290
JT
KA
294
JX
KB
jq
KH
jw
ka
304
kd
KO
306
kh
KU
kk
KT
KV
ki
kq
KX
ku
LC
LD
LE
LH
LM
334
LO
LN
la
LL
LQ
LP
le
LI
lMA
MD
MC
MB
lk
LX
lo
mc
MF
lq
MM
ls
lw
flu
MN
lv
ML
lz
mi
mp
MT
mq
MV
MY
mt
nc
NJ
ng
nm
nh
nn
NV
no
nq
nj
nl
OG
nt
nz
ny
ob
oa
oc
od
oh
oj
ow
PB
ov
ox
pa
oz
pd
po
pl
ps
qb
qe
C
13
D
45e18
29
qiU
zt39
47
61
BY
CA
75
78
80
81
CM
88
100
90
91
104
105
cj
97
98
110
99
112
116
115
117
db
120
119
dd
DO
123
DW
DP
126
DU
131
130
134
136
DY
139
ED
dr
141
EG
143
dz
145
148
ee
EO
eg
EL
EW
153
ER
155
EI
156
ES
ek
eq
162
EY
el
eu
166
169
ey
170
FH
172
174
fc
FJ
181
fm
185
ff
GC
GB
fn
189
fp
191
FY
192
195
fu
196
GM
fr
GK
gd
199
GO
gc
200
fz
ge
202
GP
gg
203
204
GI
206
GS
207
208
GV
209
go
GY
214
HC
HB
gu
gw
216
HD
218
HE
220
gt
gx
HM
224
hd
HO
HN
HQ
hg
228
HR
233
HU
hk
234
hn
HT
hp
238
HY
HX
hl
hu
hw
hr
244
ht
hz
249
254
IG
ia
IM
261
ih
IN
IL
iIP
I267
IR
IS
IU
ip
JA
JC
is
IY
JE
fiv
JF
nIiJM
279
ja
iy
JK
jb
284
jc
JL
JQ
je
rjg
JI
JR
jh
xtJS
JU
j292
JV
jk
KC
296
JY
KD
jp
KF
ju
fKM
jv
kc
nke
KJ
jy
kg
KL
jz
KP
KI
kf
rkn
kp
kj
kl
LA
LB
kv
kt
LF
LK
lm
LV
ma
LZ
ljlMH
lp
me
mm
mh
mg
lrMO
nmk
mf
lMP
ly
MU
mj
ml
mw
xtmv
mx
my
mz
nk
ni
ol
1bG
12
316
17
F
78K
M
m
22
O
N
AC
23
24
AG
AK
ad
33
32
sAO
34
AN
ag
am
35
X
AQ
v37
38
AR
af
ak
40
AU
an
ap
45
44
BA
48
AZ
BD
ar
av
53
ax
54
BF
BH
ba
57
56
58
BK
be
BO
BN
bm
60
BJ
bh
BP
bf
65
BI
BU
bn
68
67
bp
69
BV
bo
72
71
BX
bl
73
CB
bu
bw
74
BZ
CD
76
77
CF
CH
bt
bz
cb
ca
82
CK
84
cd
85
CJ
86
CL
CQ
CW
cg
cm
CP
CR
ch
101
102
CI
103
CU
ck
CV
cn
94
106
co
96
ci
109
CX
cq
DA
CZ
cs
cw
DD
113
cr
DE
DH
DF
118
da
cz
cy
DM
122
DN
de
124
DJ
dg
dm
128
DI
df
DS
DT
dn
DV
133
do
135
DX
137
EA
DZ
EB
140
dt
dx
144
EH
eb
147
EM
ec
EK
EN
em
151
EJ
ef
EU
en
159
158
ET
EV
eo
ep
161
EX
es
165
FB
FD
FG
ex
ez
FF
FM
176
FO
fb
178
FL
180
FR
fg
182
fh
183
FU
FT
FV
fk
187
GA
GD
190
FX
FZ
fGG
fq
fjGH
193
GF
fs
gb
fv
GN
GJ
GQ
ft
fx
fy
gm
GR
igf
GU
lgk
GT
gn
GX
gq
GZ
gl
HA
gs
gr
gv
gz
gy
hb
ha
HK
HJ
he
hm
HL
HP
HI
hf
HS
hq
hj
HZ
hv
hy
hx
IC
256
ic
ib
ie
ig
im
IO
ik
io
IT
IV
iu
jo
KE
jjKG
jJZ
js
kb
jKN
lKR
xtko
ks
kw
kr
kz
kx
ld
lh
md
imn
nd
nr
A
10
11
B
14
E
6g19
AD
L25
kW
R
AH
op28
j30
ac
ab
AM
lae
AJ
AL
AW
ah
36
AI
xyAS
41
42
ao
43
AV
ai
aq
46
al
aw
49
BC
BB
au
50
51
BE
BG
52
at
ay
bb
55
az
BM
bd
bc
bg
BQ
62
BW
63
66
BS
bq
70
CC
bs
CG
br
bv
79
by
cc
83
CN
ce
CS
cf
92
93
CT
95
108
107
CY
111
DC
DB
cu
DG
cv
ct
cx
121
DK
dc
DL
dh
dk
dp
di
dq
dl
dw
du
138
EC
EE
dv
EF
ea
dy
ed
EQ
eh
EP
157
ei
ej
163
ew
EZ
FC
FE
et
173
fa
FN
fd
FQ
FP
FI
fo
fw
gh
gp
gi
HF
HH
hc
hh
hi
hs
JD
a215
dcH
9h21
AA
AB
26
P
nAE
I27
S
AF
aa
31
V
uw
rY
Z
AP
AT
aj
AX
as
AY
BL
64
BR
BT
bi
bj
CE
bx
cp
cl
DQ
DR
dj
FA
er
FW
fe
GE
gj
ijiq
20
JfQ
T
bk
CO
ds
1050 1080 1110 1140 1170 1200 1230
0
990 1020 1050 1080 1110 1140 1170 1200 1230 1260
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
1327
1255
1263
1269
1270
1275
1277
1279
1285
1288
1289
1291
1295
1297
1296
1299
1301
1303
1304
1306
1307
1309
1311
1313
1312
1315
1314
1316
1318
1317
1319
1321
1320
1323
1324
1326
1325
1328
1329
1331
1330
1333
1332
1334
1335
1337
1339
1338
1341
1340
1344
1343
1346
1345
1347
1349
1348
1352
1353
1355
1357
1356
1359
1358
1360
1362
1361
1363
1365
1369
1374
1379
1383
1385
1384
1399
1401
1403
1402
1405
1408
1407
1411
1414
1421
1754
1211
1215
1219
1223
1227
1229
1231
1233
1232
1235
1234
1238
1237
1239
1241
1240
1243
1242
1245
1247
1249
1251
1253
1254
1256
1257
1259
1258
1261
1260
1262
1264
1266
1265
1267
1268
1272
1271
1274
1273
1276
1278
1280
1282
1281
1284
1283
1287
1286
1290
1292
1293
1294
1298
1300
1302
1305
1308
1310
1322
1336
1342
1351
1350
1354
1364
1367
1366
1368
1370
1372
1371
1373
1375
1377
1376
1380
1382
1381
1387
1386
1388
1390
1389
1391
1393
1392
1395
1394
1396
1398
1397
1400
1404
1406
1410
1409
1413
1412
1416
1415
1418
1417
1419
1420
1423
1422
1426
1425
1427
1429
1431
1430
1432
1434
1433
1436
1435
1437
1439
1441
1442
1445
1447
1449
1448
1453
1457
1753
1755
1757
1759
1760
1767
1165
1171
1176
1179
1183
1186
1185
1187
1189
1188
1191
1190
1194
1193
1195
1197
1196
1199
1200
1202
1201
1204
1203
1205
1207
1210
1209
1212
1213
1214
1217
1216
1218
1220
1222
1221
1225
1224
1226
1228
1230
1236
1244
1246
1248
1250
1252
1378
1424
1428
1438
1440
1444
1443
1446
1450
1452
1451
1455
1456
1459
1458
1460
1461
1464
1463
1465
1467
1466
1469
1468
1470
1471
1473
1475
1480
1483
1485
1487
1486
1488
1491
1503
1756
1758
1762
1761
1764
1763
1765
1766
1768
1770
1769
1772
1771
1773
1775
1774
1777
1776
1780
1779
1782
1781
1783
1785
1787
1145
1147
1146
1151
1155
1154
1156
1160
1161
1162
1166
1168
1167
1169
1170
1173
1172
1174
1175
1178
1177
1181
1180
1182
1184
1192
1198
1206
1208
1454
1462
1472
1474
1477
1476
1478
1479
1482
1481
1484
1490
1489
1492
1493
1495
1494
1496
1498
1497
1500
1499
1505
1506
1507
1510
1511
1512
1515
1778
1784
1786
1788
1790
1789
1791
1793
1792
1795
1794
1796
1797
1799
1801
1800
1803
1802
1107
1111
1113
1119
1122
1124
1123
1127
1130
1132
1131
1134
1133
1135
1137
1136
1140
1139
1142
1141
1143
1144
1148
1150
1149
1153
1152
1158
1157
1159
1163
1164
1501
1502
1504
1508
1509
1513
1514
1516
1517
1519
1521
1520
1523
1522
1524
1525
1528
1527
1529
1531
1530
1533
1532
1538
1537
1542
1543
1798
1804
1805
1808
1807
1809
1811
1810
1812
1814
1813
1816
1815
1817
1819
1821
1825
1077
1079
1086
1088
1087
1095
1096
1098
1097
1099
1101
1100
1103
1102
1104
1105
1108
1109
1110
1112
1114
1116
1115
1117
1118
1121
1120
1125
1126
1129
1128
1138
1518
1526
1534
1536
1535
1539
1541
1540
1544
1546
1545
1547
1549
1548
1551
1550
1552
1554
1553
1556
1555
1557
1558
1561
1563
1565
1567
1577
1806
1818
1820
1822
1824
1823
1826
1827
1829
1828
1830
1832
1833
1835
1837
1836
1839
1838
1840
1049
1055
1059
1061
1070
1072
1071
1075
1074
1076
1078
1080
1082
1081
1083
1085
1084
1090
1089
1091
1093
1092
1094
1106
1559
1560
1562
1564
1566
1569
1568
1570
1572
1571
1574
1573
1575
1576
1579
1580
1581
1583
1585
1587
1586
1591
1593
1595
1599
1831
1834
1842
1841
1844
1843
1845
1847
1846
1848
1850
1849
1852
1851
1857
1856
1858
1860
1859
1861
1865
1033
1039
1041
1046
1045
1047
1048
1051
1050
1052
1054
1053
1056
1057
1058
1060
1062
1064
1063
1065
1067
1066
1069
1068
1073
1578
1582
1584
1589
1588
1590
1592
1594
1597
1596
1600
1602
1601
1603
1605
1604
1607
1608
1610
1609
1612
1611
1615
1619
1853
1855
1854
1863
1862
1864
1866
1867
1870
1869
1871
1873
1872
1875
1876
1879
1881
1011
1015
1017
1016
1020
1019
1022
1021
1023
1025
1024
1026
1028
1027
1030
1029
1031
1032
1035
1034
1036
1038
1037
1040
1043
1042
1044
1598
1606
1613
1614
1617
1616
1618
1620
1622
1621
1623
1625
1624
1627
1630
1629
1631
1633
1643
1868
1874
1878
1877
1880
1883
1882
1886
1885
1887
1889
1891
1890
1892
1894
1897
1899
981
983
989
1000
993
1001
995
1004
1003
997
1005
999
1007
1006
1009
1008
1010
1012
1013
1014
1018
853
855
866
873
875
876
1626
1628
1632
1635
1634
1636
1638
1637
1640
1639
1641
1642
1645
1644
1646
1648
1647
1649
1651
1653
1652
1655
1659
1671
1884
1888
1893
1896
1895
1898
1901
1900
1902
1904
1903
1906
1907
1909
1908
1911
1910
1913
1917
949
963
968
967
969
971
973
972
975
974
978
977
979
980
982
984
986
985
987
988
991
990
992
994
1002
996
998
812
816
817
818
821
822
823
827
829
828
831
833
835
837
839
840
842
844
843
845
847
846
849
848
850
852
851
854
857
856
858
860
859
862
861
863
865
864
867
868
870
869
872
871
874
1650
1654
1656
1658
1657
1661
1660
1663
1662
1664
1665
1668
1667
1669
1670
1672
1674
1675
1677
1679
1681
1683
1687
1905
1912
1914
1915
1916
1919
1918
1920
1922
1921
1924
1923
1925
1927
1926
1928
1930
1931
1933
1935
1934
1937
1938
925
929
931
937
939
941
944
943
945
947
952
951
953
955
954
957
956
958
960
959
962
961
965
964
966
970
976
751
761
763
767
768
771
772
775
777
779
781
783
782
785
784
786
788
787
789
791
790
793
792
794
796
795
798
797
799
801
800
803
802
804
806
805
808
807
809
811
810
814
813
815
819
820
824
826
825
830
832
834
836
838
841
ASQ
ATC
ATF
ATM
ATI
ATW
AUG
AVG
AVU
1666
1673
1676
1678
1680
1682
1684
1686
1685
1688
1691
1690
1692
1694
1693
1695
1697
1699
1698
1701
1704
1703
1705
1929
1932
1936
1940
1939
1942
1941
1943
1944
1947
1946
1948
1951
1953
1955
1956
1957
899
905
907
909
911
913
915
918
917
919
921
923
926
928
927
930
932
934
933
936
935
938
940
942
946
948
950
711
715
721
720
723
725
731
732
734
733
735
737
736
739
742
741
744
743
745
747
746
749
748
750
752
753
755
754
757
756
758
760
759
762
765
764
766
770
769
773
774
776
778
780
AFW
AGE
AOV
APC
APG
APH
APO
APL
APX
AQA
AQE
AQD
AQF
AQH
AQK
AQM
AQL
AQI
AQO
AQN
AQP
AQR
AQQ
AQS
AQU
AQT
AQX
AQZ
ARC
ARB
ARA
ARD
ARH
ARK
ARJ
ARO
ARI
ARN
ARQ
ARR
ARW
ARS
ARU
ARV
ARY
ARX
ASD
ASB
ASA
ARZ
ASE
ASG
ASF
ASH
ASK
ASJ
ASM
ASL
ASO
ASI
ASN
ASP
ASR
ASW
ASS
ASU
AST
ASV
ASY
ASX
ASZ
ATD
ATB
ATA
ATE
ATG
ATH
ATK
ATJ
ATL
ATO
ATN
ATQ
ATP
ATR
ATS
ATV
ATU
ATT
ATY
ATX
AUA
AUC
AUB
ATZ
AUE
AUF
AUH
AUK
AUM
AUI
AUL
AUO
AUR
AUW
AUS
AUU
AUT
AUY
AUX
AVA
AVD
AVC
AVB
AVF
AVE
AVH
AVK
AVJ
AVM
AVI
AVL
AVO
AVN
AVQ
AVP
AVS
AVR
AVW
AVV
AVT
AWA
AVX
AWD
AWC
AWB
AWG
AWF
AWE
AWH
AWK
AWJ
AWM
AWI
AWL
AWO
AWN
AWQ
AWP
AWW
AWV
AWU
AWX
AWY
AWZ
AXA
AXC
AXB
AXD
AXG
AXF
AXH
AXK
AXM
AXI
AXN
AXQ
AXR
AXT
AXV
AXY
AYA
AXZ
AYC
AYB
AYD
AYL
AYR
AYW
AZK
1689
1696
1700
1702
1706
1707
1709
1708
1711
1710
1714
1713
1716
1715
1718
1721
1720
1727
1729
1728
1731
1737
1945
1950
1949
1952
1954
1958
1960
1959
1961
1963
1962
1965
1964
1966
1968
1967
1969
1972
1974
1975
879
881
886
885
887
888
892
891
894
893
895
897
896
898
900
902
901
903
904
906
908
910
912
914
916
920
922
924
661
676
680
682
685
688
692
695
697
700
703
704
706
705
708
707
709
710
713
712
714
716
717
719
718
722
724
726
727
729
728
730
738
740
AEK
AEJ
AEO
AEQ
AEU
AMK
AMM
AEV
AMO
AMI
AEY
AMQ
AFA
AEZ
AFC
AFE
AMU
AMT
AFG
AFH
AMY
AFK
AFJ
AFM
AFL
AFQ
AFP
ANE
ANG
AFR
ANF
AFS
ANH
AFU
AFT
AFV
ANK
ANJ
AFY
ANO
AGB
AGA
ANI
ANN
AFZ
AGC
ANQ
ANP
ANR
ANW
AGG
ANS
AGH
ANU
ANT
AGK
AGJ
AGM
AGI
AGL
AGN
ANY
AOB
AOA
AGO
AGQ
AGP
AOE
AOD
AGR
AOG
AOF
AOH
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AOJ
AOM
AOI
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AOQ
AOW
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AOZ
APB
APA
APD
APE
APF
APK
APJ
APM
API
APN
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APP
APR
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APS
APU
APT
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AQB
APZ
AQC
AQG
AQJ
AQW
AQV
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ARE
ARG
ARF
ARM
ARL
ARP
ART
ASC
AUD
AUJ
AUN
AUQ
AUP
AUV
AUZ
AVY
AVZ
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AWR
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AXE
AXJ
AXL
AXO
AXP
AXS
AXW
AXU
AXX
AYG
AYF
AYE
AYH
AYK
AYM
AYJ
AYI
AYO
AYN
AYQ
AYP
AYS
AYU
AYT
AYV
AYX
AYY
AYZ
AZA
AZC
AZB
AZD
AZE
AZG
AZF
AZH
AZJ
AZM
AZO
AZI
AZL
AZN
AZQ
AZP
AZW
AZS
AZU
AZT
AZV
AZX
AZY
BAC
BAB
BAA
BAD
BAE
BAG
BAF
BAH
BAJ
BAO
BAL
BAQ
BAR
BAS
BAT
BBC
BBA
BAZ
BBG
BBK
BBO
BBI
BBQ
BBY
1712
1717
1719
1722
1724
1723
1725
1726
1730
1732
1734
1733
1735
1736
1739
1741
1743
1745
1747
1749
1750
1751
1971
1970
1973
1976
1978
1977
1979
1981
1980
1983
1982
1984
1985
1988
1987
1989
1991
1992
1995
1997
1998
2000
877
878
880
882
884
883
889
890
629
635
643
646
645
647
649
651
654
653
655
657
656
659
658
660
662
664
663
665
667
666
668
670
669
672
671
673
675
674
678
681
683
686
690
693
694
696
698
702
AAU
AJG
ABT
ABV
ABX
ACA
ACC
ABZ
ACF
ACM
ACJ
ACI
ACQ
AKE
AKG
ACS
ACR
ACW
ACU
ACT
ACV
AKJ
AKM
ACY
ADA
ACZ
AKI
ADC
ADB
AKP
ADE
ADD
AKR
AKS
ADG
ADF
AKU
AKT
AKV
ADK
ADM
ADJ
ADI
ADL
ADN
AKZ
ADP
ADO
ALC
ALA
ADR
ADW
ADS
ALE
ALG
ADU
ALF
ADT
ADV
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ADX
ADY
ALK
ALM
ADZ
ALO
AEC
AEB
AEA
ALI
ALL
AED
ALQ
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ALR
ALW
AEG
AEF
ALS
AEH
ALU
ALT
ALV
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ALX
AMC
AMB
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AMD
AEI
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AMG
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AEW
AMH
AES
AET
AMJ
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AML
AMN
AMP
AFB
AMR
AMW
AMS
AFD
AMV
AFF
AMX
AMZ
ANC
ANB
ANA
AFI
AFO
AFN
AND
ANM
AFX
ANL
AGD
AGF
ANV
ANX
ANZ
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APV
AZR
AZZ
BAK
BAM
BAI
BAN
BAP
BAW
BAU
BAV
BAY
BAX
BBD
BBB
BBE
BBF
BBH
BBJ
BBM
BBL
BBN
BBP
BBR
BBW
BBS
BBU
BBX
BCA
BCB
BBZ
BCC
BCE
BCG
BCF
BCH
BCM
BCI
BCN
BCO
BCQ
BCS
BCR
BCW
BCT
BDA
BDB
BDD
BDE
BDH
BDL
BDO
1738
1740
1742
1744
1746
1748
1752
1986
1990
1994
1993
1996
1999
2001
2002
2004
2003
2006
2005
2007
2009
2008
2010
2012
2011
2013
2015
2016
2020
2024
2023
588
592
593
595
599
603
607
610
609
611
613
612
615
618
617
619
621
620
623
622
624
626
628
627
631
630
633
632
634
636
637
639
638
641
640
642
644
648
650
652
YK
ZD
ZS
ZW
AAC
AAB
AAF
AAE
ZX
ZY
AAK
AAM
AAI
AAO
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AAQ
AIA
AAS
AAR
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AAT
AAX
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ABA
ABC
AIM
AAZ
ABB
ABD
AIO
AII
AIN
ABG
ABF
ABE
AIQ
AIP
AIW
ABH
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ABK
AIU
ABM
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ABI
ABL
ABO
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AJC
AJA
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AJE
ABS
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AJH
AJK
AJJ
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ABY
AJL
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ACB
AJI
AJN
ACD
AJQ
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ACE
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AJW
ACH
ACG
AJS
AJU
AJT
ACK
AJV
AJY
AJX
ACL
ACN
AKC
AKB
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ACP
ACO
AJZ
AKD
AKF
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AKK
AKO
AKL
AKN
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ALD
ALJ
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BBV
BBT
BCD
BCK
BCJ
BCL
BCP
BCV
BCU
BCX
BCY
BCZ
BDC
BDG
BDF
BDK
BDJ
BDM
BDI
BDN
BDP
BDQ
BDS
BDR
BDW
BDU
BDT
BDV
BDX
BDY
BEA
BEC
BED
BEG
BEF
BEE
BEH
BEK
BEM
BEI
BEL
BEO
BEN
BEP
BER
BEW
BEU
BEV
BEX
BEY
BFA
BEZ
BFD
BFI
BFQ
BFS
BGC
2014
2017
2019
2018
2022
2021
2025
2027
2026
2029
2028
2030
2032
2031
2033
2034
2037
2036
2038
2039
2041
2043
2045
2044
2047
2050
2049
543
545
560
563
566
568
571
570
572
574
573
575
577
576
579
581
584
583
585
587
586
589
590
591
594
597
596
598
600
602
601
605
604
606
608
614
616
XE
XQ
XV
XU
XY
YB
YA
YD
YC
YE
YG
YH
YJ
YM
YI
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YO
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YR
YW
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AGT
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amd
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asm
ask
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avg
BDZ
BEB
BEJ
BEQ
BES
BET
BFC
BFB
BFE
BFH
BFG
BFF
BFK
BFJ
BFM
BFL
BFO
BFN
BFR
BFW
BFU
BFT
BFV
BFY
BFX
BGB
BGA
BFZ
BGE
BGD
BGG
BGF
BGH
BGL
BGI
BGO
BGN
BGR
BGW
BGV
BGT
BGX
BOK
BHA
BOM
BOL
BON
BOO
BOS
BOR
BOV
BOU
BOY
BPA
BPE
BPK
BPS
2035
2040
2042
2046
2048
2052
2051
2053
2055
2054
2056
2058
2057
2059
2061
2063
2062
2065
2064
2066
2068
2067
2070
2069
2071
2072
2075
2077
2080
2087
503
517
519
518
522
521
523
525
527
526
529
532
531
535
536
538
537
540
539
541
542
544
546
548
547
549
551
550
553
552
554
556
555
558
557
559
561
562
564
565
567
569
578
580
582
VU
VT
WD
VZ
WK
WM
WL
WI
WO
WN
WQ
WP
WR
WW
WS
WU
WT
WV
WY
WX
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XB
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arb
ard
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arg
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ari
arn
arj
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arl
ars
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art
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arx
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asc
asb
ase
asg
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asj
asp
aso
asl
ass
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ast
asy
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ata
atc
atb
ate
atd
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atg
atf
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atl
atq
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atu
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auc
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aue
aud
aug
auf
aum
auk
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aup
auq
aus
auu
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aut
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aux
avb
ava
avc
ave
avf
avm
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avi
avj
avo
avn
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avr
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awb
awa
avx
awd
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BGQ
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BHE
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BOQ
BOP
BHF
BOW
BHH
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BHK
BHJ
BHM
BOX
BHI
BHL
BHO
BHN
BHQ
BHP
BOZ
BHS
BHR
BHW
BPD
BPC
BPB
BHV
BHU
BHT
BPG
BPF
BHX
BHY
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BHZ
BPJ
BPM
BPI
BPL
BPO
BPN
BIA
BPQ
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BIB
BPW
BIG
BIE
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BPU
BPT
BPX
BIK
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BIJ
BIM
BQC
BQB
BII
BIO
BPZ
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BQE
BQH
BQG
BIS
BIR
BIW
BIU
BIV
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BQM
BJC
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BQL
BQN
BQO
BQS
BQW
BJH
BQV
BQY
BQZ
BRA
BRG
BRE
BSB
2060
2073
2074
2076
2078
2079
2081
2083
2086
2085
2088
2089
2091
2090
2093
2092
2095
2098
2097
2099
2101
2100
2102
2103
2105
2107
2113
2118
2121
2127
441
451
453
462
467
469
473
478
477
479
481
482
485
487
489
491
492
494
493
495
497
499
498
501
500
504
505
507
506
509
508
510
512
511
514
513
515
516
520
524
528
530
533
TF
TH
534
TL
TI
TR
TQ
TW
TS
TT
TV
TY
UC
UE
UG
UO
UN
UP
UR
UQ
UW
US
UU
UT
UV
UY
UX
VB
VA
UZ
VC
VE
VD
VG
VF
VK
VJ
VM
VL
VI
VO
VN
VQ
VP
VR
VW
VS
VV
WB
WA
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VX
WC
WE
WG
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WH
WJ
yd
yk
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abc
abb
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acc
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aci
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add
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adj
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adn
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adw
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adv
adz
ady
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aeb
aea
aec
aee
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aes
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agg
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axd
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axs
axu
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aya
axx
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aye
ayg
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ayr
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azc
azb
azd
aze
azh
azg
azf
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azi
azj
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azu
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baa
baf
bap
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bal
baq
bbj
bbq
BIC
BID
BPR
BIF
BIH
BIL
BIN
BQD
BIP
BQF
BQK
BIT
BIX
BJA
BIY
BJB
BJD
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BIZ
BJE
BQQ
BJG
BJF
BQR
BQU
BQT
BJK
BJJ
BJM
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BJO
BJI
BJL
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BRC
BJR
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BRB
BRD
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BJU
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BRH
BJX
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BKA
BRK
BRM
BJZ
BRJ
BKE
BKG
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BRL
BRO
BRN
BRQ
BRP
BKH
BRS
BRR
BRW
BKJ
BKO
BRT
BRV
BKI
BKN
BKQ
BRX
BRY
BSA
BRZ
BSD
BKU
BSE
BSG
BKX
BSK
BSM
BSI
BSL
BSN
BSP
BSR
BSW
BSS
BSU
BST
BTA
BTE
2082
2084
2094
2096
2104
2106
2109
2108
2111
2110
2112
2114
2116
2115
2117
2119
2120
2122
2124
2123
2126
2125
2129
2132
2131
2134
2135
2137
2139
2138
2142
2141
2145
387
400
401
413
412
415
414
417
421
420
423
424
426
425
428
427
431
430
432
434
433
435
437
439
438
442
444
443
445
447
446
PZ
449
448
450
452
455
454
457
458
460
459
461
463
465
464
466
QT
468
470
471
472
475
474
476
RE
480
483
484
486
488
RR
RQ
RW
490
RS
RU
496
RX
SB
SA
SC
502
SE
SG
SF
SK
SJ
SM
SI
SL
SO
SN
SP
SR
SQ
SW
ST
SV
SY
SX
SZ
TB
TA
TC
TE
TD
TG
TK
TJ
TM
TO
TN
TP
TU
TX
UB
UA
TZ
UD
UF
UH
UK
UJ
UM
UL
UI
VH
ug
uj
uo
ul
uu
ut
vb
ve
vd
vg
vm
vj
vo
vn
vp
vq
vs
vw
wb
wa
vx
wh
wf
wk
wi
wo
wn
wl
wp
wq
wr
wu
ww
wv
wy
wx
wz
xb
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343
349
353
355
356
358
357
361
363
362
366
365
367
369
371
374
373
375
379
378
380
382
381
NI
384
383
385
386
389
388
390
392
391
395
394
OC
397
396
399
402
405
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406
408
407
410
409
411
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OT
416
418
419
422
PE
PF
429
PK
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436
PQ
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440
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231
240
243
245
253
259
261
260
266
269
272
271
JK
279
285
290
289
291
293
292
KC
295
294
KE
296
298
297
300
299
301
KM
303
302
KI
304
306
305
307
309
KS
311
310
KU
314
313
KY
316
317
319
318
320
LD
LC
322
324
323
LG
325
LH
327
326
329
328
LK
LM
330
LI
LL
332
331
LN
334
LP
335
LW
337
336
LS
338
LV
LU
340
342
341
345
344
ME
346
MG
348
347
MH
350
351
MK
MJ
MM
352
ML
354
MI
MO
MN
MQ
MR
MW
359
MS
360
MU
MT
MV
364
MX
368
NB
NA
370
ND
NC
372
NE
NG
376
NF
NH
377
NK
NJ
NM
NO
NN
NP
NR
NQ
NW
NS
NU
NT
NV
NY
NX
OB
OA
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398
OE
OG
OF
OH
OK
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vt699
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bow
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bid
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BNT
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BNV
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bsz
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2226
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2228
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2230
2232
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2236
2235
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2240
CBU
2243
2242
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CBY
2246
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CCA
2248
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CCC
2251
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CCG
2253
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2254
2256
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2259
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CCO
2261
2260
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CCS
2266
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2267
2269
2268
2270
CCY
2272
2274
2273
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CDM
2284
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CDU
2293
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2301
2304
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CFU
2350
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2433
2432
2437
2439
2475
2478
2496
2498
2506
2538
2553
2594
2597
2600
2605
2607
2609
2617
2625
2627
CTP
cum
cuw
65
CR
96
99
DC
113
DM
127
DU
DT
129
131
133
137
140
147
151
150
EU
156
161
163
165
167
169
168
172
171
174
173
FQ
178
FR
180
179
FS
FW
182
181
185
FX
186
GA
GC
187
FZ
189
191
195
196
GM
198
197
199
GL
GO
201
200
203
202
204
GS
206
205
GU
207
GT
209
208
GX
211
210
212
HA
214
213
GZ
HC
216
215
HD
217
HE
219
220
222
221
HK
224
223
HM
225
HI
HL
HN
227
226
HP
HO
228
HQ
230
229
HR
HW
232
233
HU
HT
235
234
HX
236
237
239
HZ
241
242
IA
244
IB
246
248
247
249
IG
IF
251
250
252
IK
254
IM
256
II255
IL
IN
257
258
IQ
IS
IW
262
264
263
IV
IU
IT
265
JA
I267
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JB
268
JD
JC
270
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dt
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JF
274
273
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275
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277
276
JJ
JM
278
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280
JO
282
281
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JP
283
JS
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JW
284
ei
287
286
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288
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308
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bib
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2288
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2299
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CEH
bys
byr
byu
byw
2309
2308
CEM
byt
byv
CEI
CEN
bza
byz
CEP
bzb
CER
CEQ
2317
2316
CES
CEU
CET
CEV
2322
2321
CEY
CEX
bzm
CEZ
bzn
2326
CFA
CFD
CFC
bzj
bzo
bzq
bzp
2330
CFE
CFF
bzs
CFH
bzr
bzw
bzv
CFK
CFJ
bzt
bzx
2338
CFI
CFL
CFO
CFN
2340
CFQ
bzz
cac
2342
CFP
cad
CFS
CFR
cae
CFV
CFT
cam
2348
2349
CFY
CGA
cai
2352
2351
CGD
CGC
2353
CFZ
caj
cao
2355
2354
CGG
2357
cas
2358
cau
2360
CGK
caw
CGJ
CGM
cav
CGI
CGL
CGO
CGN
cay
2365
2364
CGP
cbc
CGW
CGU
2372
2371
CGV
cbg
2373
CGX
cbf
cbm
2375
2374
cbk
2377
CHA
CGZ
2378
CHC
CHB
cbo
CHE
CHD
2382
cbl
cbq
cbs
2385
2384
cbu
2387
CHM
cbt
2390
CHI
CHL
CHN
cby
2392
2391
CHP
CHO
cca
2393
CHW
ccc
2395
2394
CHS
cce
2397
2396
CHU
ccg
CHT
CHV
2400
2399
CHX
ccm
2402
2401
cck
2403
2405
2404
cco
2406
2408
CIB
2410
ccs
2411
CID
ccu
2412
2415
CIF
CIH
ccy
2416
2418
2417
CIK
CIM
2420
2419
CIL
2421
CII
CIO
CIN
2423
CIQ
cdg
2425
2424
CIW
2426
CIS
cdm
2427
CIV
CIU
2429
2431
CIX
CJB
cdo
CJD
CJC
cdl
2435
2434
CJE
2436
CJG
CJF
2438
cdu
2440
CJK
cdt
2441
CJJ
CJM
cdy
2443
2442
CJI
CJL
cea
2445
2444
CJO
cec
2446
CJQ
ced
2447
CJS
CJR
CJW
cee
2450
2449
ceg
2451
CJT
CJV
cef
2453
2452
CJX
2455
cei
2456
CKC
CKB
2457
CJZ
CKD
2460
2459
CKE
2461
CKG
CKF
ces
cer
2463
2462
2465
2464
CKK
2466
CKJ
2468
2467
CKI
CKL
CKN
cex
2470
2469
CKO
2471
CKW
2473
2472
CKS
2474
2476
CKT
2477
2480
2479
2481
CKZ
cfm
2483
2482
CLB
CLA
2485
2484
cfi
2486
CLE
CLD
cfj
cfo
cfn
2488
2487
CLG
2489
CLF
2491
cfs
cfr
2493
2492
CLJ
cfu
2495
2494
CLN
2497
cfz
2500
2499
CLR
CLW
2501
CLS
2503
2502
CLV
CLU
2505
2504
CMA
CMB
2508
2507
CMD
CMC
2509
2511
CMG
CMF
2513
2512
CMH
2515
2514
2516
CMK
CMM
2517
CMI
2520
2519
CMO
2521
CMQ
CMP
2523
2522
CMR
CMW
2524
2526
2525
CMT
CMV
2528
2527
2529
chh
2531
2530
chm
2533
2532
CNA
chi
2536
2535
CND
cho
2537
2539
CNF
chs
2541
2540
chu
2543
CNK
CNM
chw
2544
2546
2545
CNI
CNN
chz
chy
2548
2547
CNO
2549
CNR
CNQ
2551
2550
CNS
2552
CNU
2554
CNT
CNV
2556
2555
CNX
2558
2557
CNY
cih
cig
2559
COB
COA
CNZ
2561
2560
COD
2563
2562
COG
cik
2564
COF
cij
2566
2568
2567
2569
COK
COJ
COM
2571
2570
COL
cis
ciu
2573
2572
CON
2574
COP
ciy
2576
2575
COW
2578
2577
COS
2579
COV
2581
2580
cjd
2583
2582
COX
2584
cjg
2586
2585
COZ
2588
2587
CPD
cjm
2589
cji
2591
2590
CPG
CPF
2592
CPH
cjj
cjo
cjq
2596
2595
CPM
2598
CPI
CPL
2599
CPO
2601
CPQ
2603
2602
CPS
CPW
cjy
cjx
2604
cjz
2606
2608
ckf
2610
CPY
2611
CQA
CQC
ckk
2613
2612
CQB
ckn
2615
2614
CQE
ckj
cko
2616
CQG
2618
CQH
2620
2619
cks
2621
CQJ
CQM
2623
2622
CQO
ckv
2624
CQN
2626
CQQ
ckz
2628
CQW
CQS
CQU
CQT
CQY
cld
CRB
CRA
CQZ
clg
CRD
CRC
clf
CRE
CRG
CRH
clj
cln
CRK
CRJ
CRM
CRI
CRN
cls
cma
CRO
clu
clw
cmc
CRQ
CRP
CRS
CRW
clv
CRT
CRV
CRX
cmk
CSA
cmj
cmo
CRZ
CSC
CSB
cml
cmq
CSD
cms
CSG
CSF
cmt
cmv
CSM
CSJ
CSI
CSN
CSP
CSO
cna
CSR
CSW
cnb
CSS
cnd
cne
CST
CSV
CSX
cnf
cnm
CSY
CSZ
CTB
CTC
cno
CTE
CTD
cnr
CTH
cnu
cnw
CTK
CTM
cnv
CTL
cny
cnx
CTI
CTO
CTN
cob
coa
CTR
coe
CTS
cog
CTV
CTU
CTT
coh
CTY
CTX
CUA
CTZ
CUC
coj
coo
con
CUE
col
cop
CUG
CUF
CUH
cos
cor
CUK
cow
CUJ
CUM
cov
CUI
CUO
coz
CUQ
CUR
CUW
cpc
CUU
cpe
CUT
CUV
cpg
CUX
cpm
CVA
CUZ
cpi
CVB
cpn
CVE
CVD
cpp
cpo
cpl
cpq
CVH
CVG
CVF
cps
cpu
CVK
CVM
cpw
cpv
CVI
CVO
CVP
cqa
CVR
CVQ
CVW
cqc
CVS
cqe
cqd
CVV
CVU
CVT
CWA
CWB
cqh
cqg
CVY
CVX
cqm
CVZ
cqj
cqo
cqn
cqp
cqq
cqu
cqv
cqy
cqz
crb
cra
crc
cre
crg
crf
crm
cri
crk
crn
crj
cro
crq
crp
crs
cru
crw
crt
crx
csa
csc
csb
crz
cse
csm
csk
csi
csn
csp
cso
csl
csq
css
csr
csu
csw
csv
csy
csx
csz
ctb
ctd
ctc
ctg
cth
ctf
ctm
cti
ctk
ctn
ctj
ctp
cts
ctr
ctu
ctv
cua
ctt
cty
ctx
cuc
cub
ctz
cue
cuh
cug
cuf
cuk
cui
cuj
cuo
cuq
cus
cur
cuu
cut
cuv
cuz
cuy
cux
cva
cvc
cve
cvd
cvg
cvh
cvf
cvm
cvk
cvi
cvo
cvn
cvq
cvp
cvs
cvr
cvu
cvw
cvv
cwa
cvy
cvx
cwb
cvz
C
A
110
B
D
23E
11
45F
13
G
14
7816
9M
18
17
K
19
LI21
O
22
Q
P
23
R
AA
25
W
AC
AB
27
U
AD
29
28
T
V
AE
30
AH
AF
32
31
Y
33
AK
35
AJ
AM
37
36
AI
AL
AN
38
AP
AO
40
39
AQ
42
41
AR
AW
43
AV
AU
AT
46
AX
47
AY
50
49
BA
51
AZ
BB
53
52
BD
BC
BE
55
BG
BF
57
BK
61
BM
63
BI
BL
BN
64
BO
66
BQ
BP
67
BS
BR
BW
68
71
70
BV
BU
BT
72
74
73
BX
75
CA
77
76
BZ
CD
CC
CB
79
78
80
CE
CG
82
81
CF
83
CH
85
84
87
86
CK
CJ
CM
88
CI
CL
CO
90
89
CN
CQ
91
CP
93
92
CW
95
94
101
100
CS
103
102
CU
CT
98
97
104
CV
106
105
CY
CX
108
107
109
DB
DA
CZ
DD
111
110
112
DE
DG
114
DF
116
115
DH
117
119
118
DK
DJ
120
DO
122
121
DI
DN
124
123
DQ
DP
125
DR
DW
126
DS
128
130
DV
132
DX
DY
135
134
EB
EA
DZ
136
EC
138
EE
ED
139
EG
141
EF
EH
143
142
145
144
EK
EJ
EM
146
148
EI
EL
EO
EN
149
EP
ER
EQ
153
152
cES
155
ET
gEV
157
hEX
159
158
m
160
162
FA
iFC
164
FB
nojFD
166
plFE
FG
qFF
aa
w
ac
FK
FJ
tFM
ae
ad
v175
FI
FL
FO
xyzFN
ah
ag
177
176
FP
af
am
ak
FU
ai
an
183
FT
FV
ao
184
al
aq
FY
188
GB
GD
as
au
aw
190
GG
GF
GE
193
192
GH
at
ay
ax
194
ba
az
GK
bc
bb
GJ
be
bd
GI
GN
GQ
GP
bh
bg
bf
bm
GR
GW
bk
GV
bi
bn
bj
bp
bo
GY
bl
bq
HB
bs
bu
br
bw
bv
218
HH
HG
HF
bt
by
ca
bz
cc
cb
HJ
cd
ce
ch
cg
HS
cm
ck
HV
ci
cn
cj
cp
co
HY
cq
238
cs
cu
cw
cv
ct
cy
cx
ID
IC
da
IE
cz
dc
db
IH
de
dg
IJ
dh
dm
IO
dk
IP
di
dn
IR
dj
do
dl
dq
dp
ds
dr
du
dw
dv
dy
dx
ea
dz
eb
ed
ec
ee
eg
ef
eh
em
ek
en
ej
eo
el
eq
ep
KB
es
er
eu
ew
ev
et
ey
ex
ez
fa
fb
fd
fc
fe
fg
fh
ff312
fi315
fk
ffjfp
fo
flLA
fq
fs
fr
fu
fw
nga
ftgc
fy
gb
fx
fz
ge
gh
gf
go
gn
gl
gq
gr
gt
gx
hb
ha
hd
hh
hf
hk
ho
hq
hs
hu
ht
hx
hz
ib
iik
im
io
fip
liz
iy
ja
cjg
jjPC
jw
kr
bmo
bmt
bna
bnr
bnt
bnv
bnx
bof
bwq
bwt
bxc
bxf
bxj
bxn
bxw
bxy
CDQ
CDR
byl
byp
CEK
CEJ
byy
CEL
CEO
byx
CEW
bzd
bzc
bze
bzg
bzf
bzh
bzk
bzi
CFB
bzl
CFG
bzu
CFM
bzy
caa
cab
CFW
cah
cag
caf
cak
CFX
CGB
can
cap
CGF
CGE
cal
caq
CGH
car
cat
cax
caz
CGQ
cba
cbb
CGS
CGR
cbe
cbd
CGT
cbh
CGY
cbi
cbj
cbn
cbp
CHH
CHG
CHF
cbr
cbw
CHK
CHJ
cbv
cbx
cbz
ccb
CHR
CHQ
ccd
cch
ccf
CHY
CHZ
cci
ccj
ccn
ccl
ccq
ccp
CIA
CIC
ccr
CIE
ccw
CIG
cct
ccv
ccx
cda
ccz
CIJ
cdb
cdd
cdc
cde
CIP
CIR
cdf
cdh
CIT
cdi
cdk
CJA
cdn
CIY
cdj
cdq
cdp
CIZ
cds
cdr
CJH
cdw
cdv
cdx
CJN
cdz
ceb
CJP
2448
ceh
CJU
cem
cek
2454
CJY
CKA
cen
2458
cej
cep
ceo
cel
ceq
CKH
ceu
cew
CKM
cet
cev
cez
cey
CKP
CKR
CKQ
cfa
CKU
cfc
cfb
CKV
cfe
cfd
CKX
CKY
cfh
cfg
cff
cfk
CLC
cfp
2490
CLH
cfl
cfq
CLK
CLM
cfw
CLL
cft
CLI
CLO
cfv
cfy
cgb
cga
CLQ
CLP
cfx
cgd
cgc
cge
cgg
CLT
cgh
cgf
cgm
CLY
CLX
cgi
cgk
cgn
2510
CLZ
CME
cgj
cgo
cgl
cgq
cgp
cgs
cgr
CMJ
cgu
cgw
2518
CML
CMN
cgt
cgv
cgx
cha
cgz
CMS
chb
chd
chc
CMU
che
CMX
chg
CMY
chf
chk
CMZ
2534
CNC
CNB
chn
chj
chp
CNE
chl
chq
CNH
CNG
chr
2542
CNJ
cht
chv
CNL
chx
CNP
CNW
cia
cic
cib
cie
cid
COC
cif
cim
COE
cii
cio
cin
2565
COH
cip
cil
ciq
COO
cir
ciw
COI
COQ
cit
civ
COR
cix
ciz
COU
COT
cjb
cja
cjc
COY
cje
CPA
CPB
cjh
CPC
cjf
CPE
cjk
cjn
2593
CPK
cjl
cjp
CPJ
cjs
CPN
cjr
CPP
cju
cjw
cka
cjt
cjv
ckb
CPR
ckd
ckc
CPU
cke
CPT
CPV
ckg
CPX
ckh
ckm
CPZ
CQD
cki
ckp
CQF
ckl
ckq
cku
CQK
ckr
ckw
CQI
CQL
ckt
cky
ckx
CQP
CQR
cla
CQV
clc
clb
CQX
cle
clh
clm
clk
cli
CRF
clo
clp
cll
clq
CRL
clr
cmb
cmd
clt
cme
CRR
cly
cmg
clx
clz
cmh
CRU
cmf
cmm
cmi
CRY
cmn
cmp
CSE
cmr
CSH
cmu
cmw
CSK
cmy
cmx
cmz
CSL
CSQ
cnc
CSU
cnh
cng
cnk
cni
CTA
cnn
cnj
cnp
cnl
cnq
CTG
cns
CTF
CTJ
cnt
cnz
CTQ
coc
CTW
cod
cof
com
cok
CUB
coi
CUD
coq
cou
cot
CUL
CUN
coy
CUP
cox
cpa
cpb
CUS
cpd
cpf
cph
CUY
cpk
CVC
cpj
cpr
CVJ
cpt
CVL
CVN
cpz
cpy
cpx
cqb
cqf
cqk
cqi
cql
cqs
cqr
cqw
cqt
cqx
crd
crh
crl
crr
crv
cry
csd
csh
csg
csf
csj
cst
cta
cte
cto
ctl
ctq
ctw
cud
cun
cup
cul
cvb
cvj
cvl
cvt
12
615
H
JN
20
24
26
S
X
AG
34
Z
AS
45
44
48
54
56
58
BH
59
60
BJ
62
69
BY
DL
abEW
de154
fEY
kEZ
rsFH
ab
u170
aj
ap
ar
av
bx
cf
cl
cr
dd
df
cgy
Ø 16% rapid reductions in PL with T and low absolute PL intensity.
Ø 12% classic TD PL – thermal expansion related shift.
Page § 11
Photovoltaics Materials & Device Group, University of Oklahoma: http://www.nhn.ou.edu/~sellers/group/index.html
TD PL Data and Analysis
12% Sb
Intensity (arb.u)
16% Sb
25000
15000
10000
FWHM (nm)
20000
55
50
45
5000
1.12
1.10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Temperature (K)
70
80
1.08
90
Intensity
Peak Energy (eV)
Peak Energy (eV)
0
1.14
40
60000
12% Sb
30000
0
1.14
1.11
0
20
40
60
80
100
Temperature (K)
120
140
Ø 16% rapid reductions in PL with T and low absolute PL intensity.
Ø 12% classic TD PL – thermal expansion related shift.
Page § 12
Photovoltaics Materials & Device Group, University of Oklahoma: http://www.nhn.ou.edu/~sellers/group/index.html
Transition from Type ǀ to Type ǁ‖
Ban, Keun-Yong, et al. Journal of Applied Physics
111.10 (2012): 104302.
At higher powers an excess of holes and electrons are
created at the interface between the two semiconductors. For
Type ǁ‖, the spatial seperation of carriers in CB and VB will
induce a electric field which bend the energy level and
increase the gap.
Page § 13
Ledentsov, N. N., et al. Physical Review B 52.19
(1995): 14058.
Photovoltaics Materials & Device Group, University of Oklahoma: http://www.nhn.ou.edu/~sellers/group/index.html
Power Dependence Study
14% Sb
Norm. Intensity (arb. u.)
1.6
Norm. Intensity (arb. u.)
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
12% Sb
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0
1070 1080 1090 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140
Wavelength (nm)
1070 1080 1090 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140
Wavelength (nm)
The energy shift of 14% is 3 times larger than the 12%
Page § 14
Photovoltaics Materials & Device Group, University of Oklahoma: http://www.nhn.ou.edu/~sellers/group/index.html
Power Dependence Study
1.126
Peak Energy (eV)
1.124
14% Sb
12% Sb
1.122
1.120
1.118
1.116
1.114
1.112
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2
1/3
Excitation Power (mW)
The energy shift of 14% is 3 times larger than the 12%
Page § 15
Photovoltaics Materials & Device Group, University of Oklahoma: http://www.nhn.ou.edu/~sellers/group/index.html
Conclusions:
Optimized growth conditions for InAs QDs in “full” GaAsSb matrix.
Investigated tuning QD energy and type-I to type-II offset via Sbcomposition in GaAsSb matrix: Transition evident around 14%
However, large defect band evident for increasing Sb > 12%
Future work:
Investigate further defect band versus type-II in larger Sbcontaining samples
Multi-layer and doped QD structures with a view to producing QD
solar cells based on InAs/GaAsSb QDs system.
Acknowledgement:
Research supported by the OCAST OARS program.
Page § 16
Photovoltaics Materials & Device Group, University of Oklahoma: http://www.nhn.ou.edu/~sellers/group/index.html
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