Results of New Cultivar Selection Trials for Lemon in
Arizona - 20021
Glenn C. Wright and Marco A. Peña
Department of Plant Sciences, U. of A., Yuma Mesa Agriculture Center, Yuma, AZ
Abstract
Three lemon cultivar selection trials are being conducted at the Yuma Mesa
Agriculture Center in Somerton, AZ. Data from these trials suggest that
‘Limonero Fino 49’ selections may be a suitable alternative for the varieties
most commonly planted in Southwest Arizona today. ‘Cavers Lisbon’ and
‘Villafranca’ might also be planted on an experimental basis
Introduction
The Arizona lemon industry has historically relied on a small number of lemon cultivar selections. In the 1950’s,
the industry was established with ‘Desert Lisbon’, however within a few years, ‘Desert Lisbon’ was eclipsed in
popularity by ‘Frost Nucellar Lisbon’ the only nucellar clonal selection of the ‘Lisbon’ cultivar. Other minor
selections of ‘Lisbon’ that were planted in Arizona from the 1960’s through the 1980’s included ‘Monroe’, ‘Prior’,
and ‘Rosenberger’. Beginning in the late 1980’s, new plantings were established using ‘Limoneira 8A Lisbon’.
More recently, ‘Corona Foothills Lisbon’ is increasingly popular. ‘Allen Eureka’ has also been occasionally
planted in Arizona.
All of these represent clonal selections of outstanding trees that were then propagated. Typically, they are identified
by their originator or place of origin, and are valuable to Arizona growers because of their high vigor, high
productivity, precocity (trees bear at an early age), earliness (a high percentage of the fruit can be harvested before 1
November), short thorns and good fruit quality. When a commonly grown lemon cultivar selection is gradually
replaced in the industry, the new selection typically is improved in one of these characteristics. Sometimes a
cultivar selection may be replaced because of a negative characteristic. Such was the case with ‘Frost Nucellar
Lisbon’ which appears to be susceptible to brown heartwood rot.
From the late 1980’s, to the early 1990’s, Arizona lemon growers have received their information about new
cultivar selections through word of mouth or from nursery sources, since there were no trials planted in the state.
With this in mind, we have planted three new lemon cultivar selection trials in the 1990’s, all located at the Yuma
Mesa Agricultural Center. Previous results from these trial have been reported in Wright (1995), Wright (1996),
Wright (1997), Wright (1998), Wright et al., (1999), Wright and Peña (2000), Wright and Peña (2001), and Wright
and Peña (2002).
1
The authors wish to thank the Arizona Citrus Research Council for supporting this research. This is a partial final
report for project 2002-15 – Citrus rootstock and cultivar breeding and evaluation for the Arizona citrus industry –
2002.
This is a part of 2003 Citrus Research Report, the University of Arizona College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, index at
http://cals.arizona.edu/pubs/crops/az1331
Materials and Methods
1995 Lemon Cultivar Selection Trial. This trial, comprising 10 cultivar selections was established in March 1995 in
Block 17 (Foundation Block) of the Yuma Mesa Agricultural Center, near Yuma, Arizona. As it exists within the
citrus variety collection, it is not a large trial, nor is it replicated. The experimental area was laser leveled and
fumigated prior to planting. Trees were planted on a 10-m x 10-m spacing. Three to five trees of each cultivar
selection were planted. This trial contains the following selections, all on C. volkameriana rootstock:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
‘Allen Eureka’ – The most common and popular ‘Eureka’ selection planted in Arizona. Originated in
Santa Paula, CA
‘Cavers Lisbon’ – A vigorous ‘Lisbon’ selection originating in Upland, CA.
‘Cascade Eureka’ – Another, less-commonly planted, vigorous selection that originated in San Diego
County, CA.
‘Cook Eureka’ – A selection from Limoneira Del Mar Ranch, Ventura County, California.
‘Frost Nucellar Lisbon’ – Vigorous nucellar selection derived by Dr. H.B. Frost of the Citrus Research
Station, Riverside, CA
‘Limoneira 8A Lisbon’ – A vigorous selection originating from the Limoneira Ranch, Ventura County,
CA. The most popular lemon planted in Arizona today.
‘Prior Lisbon’ – A selection from California. Originated at the Rancho Sespe, near Fillmore, CA. Has a
reputation for lateness.
‘Rosenberger Lisbon’ – Although considered a ‘Lisbon’, possibly a hybrid of ‘Lisbon’ and ‘Villafranca’.
Vigorous and productive. Originated in Upland, CA.
‘Limonero Fino 49’ – The chief winter lemon of Spain. Reportedly vigorous, thorny and highly
productive. Early producer with uniform yield. Fruit is spherical to oval, with a smooth rind and a
relatively short nipple. Relative high acid and about five seeds per fruit.
‘Villafranca’ – Said to be of Sicilian origin, introduced into Florida in 1875. Formerly planted in
California, but of little importance there today. Fruit and tree characteristics similar to ‘Eureka’, but
produces mainly a winter crop.
1997 Lemon Cultivar Selection Trial. This trial, comprising 13 cultivar selections, was established in March 1997
in Block 22 of the Yuma Mesa Agricultural Center, near Yuma, Arizona. The land was laser leveled and fumigated
prior to planting. Trees were planted on an 8-m x 8-m spacing. Fifteen trees of each selection were planted. This
trial includes the ‘Allen Eureka’, ‘Cook Eureka’, ‘Cascade Eureka’, ‘Cavers Lisbon’, ‘Limoneira 8A Lisbon’,
‘Limonero Fino 49’ and ‘Villafranca’ described above as well as the following additional cultivar selections:
•
•
•
•
•
•
‘Arancino’ – A minor Italian cultivar, with rounded fruit, a short nipple and thick rind. Fruit is seedy.
‘Berna’ (‘Verna’) – The common summer lemon of Spain. Thornless tree produces medium to large fruit
with few seeds.
‘Corpaci’ – A minor Italian cultivar from Sicily. Vigorous, thorny trees are reportedly productive. Fruit
matures early and has few seeds.
‘Femminello Comune’ – Italian, everbearing cultivar.
‘Primofiori’ – Originated in Spain. Similar to the ‘Limonero Fino 49’ described above.
‘Santa Teresa’ – Similar to ‘Femminello Comune’, but resistant to the Mal Secco disease prevalent in Italy.
1998 Lemon Cultivar Selection Trial. This trial, comprising 7 cultivar selections, was established in late September
1998 in Block 14 of the Yuma Mesa Agricultural Center, near Yuma, Arizona. The land was laser leveled and
fumigated prior to planting. Trees were planted on an 8-m x 8-m spacing. Fifteen trees of each selection were
planted. This trial includes the ‘Limoneira 8A Lisbon’ described above as well as the following additional cultivar
selections:
•
•
•
•
•
•
‘Dr. Strong Lisbon’ –Originated at the Glen Good ranch, Santa Paula, CA. Large fruit, but tree is
reportedly precocious.
‘Genoa’ – Similar to the ‘Villafranca’, imported from Italy to the U.S. in 1881.
‘Lapithotiki’ – Originated in Cyprus. Reportedly harvested from September until March. Fruit is tapered
at both ends.
‘Monroe Lisbon’ – Vigorous selection. Reportedly bears early, but fruit is small and coarse.
‘Taylor Eureka’ – A nucellar selection, originating in Australia. Reportedly produces late.
‘Walker Lisbon’ – Vigorous selection from California.
For each of the three trials, yields are expressed as pounds fruit per tree. Yield data is collected during the fall and
winter. Trees are commercially ring picked for the first harvest and strip-picked for the final harvest. Harvested
fruit for each tree is collected in wooden or plastic boxes and weighed. Prior to 1999-2000, approximately 30 lbs of
fruit was sub-sampled from the harvested yield of each tree for packout determination, and these were sized by hand
using rings and graded by visual observation. Since 1999-2000, the entire harvest from each tree has been passed
through an automated electronic eye sorter (Autoline, Inc., Reedley, CA), which provides weight, color, exterior
quality and size data for each fruit. Fruit packout data is reported on a percentage basis.
All data was analyzed using SPSS 7.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois).
Results and Discussion
1995 Lemon Selection Trial. 1997-2001 yields of the ten cultivar selections tested are shown in Table 1. Selections
are grouped according to type. ‘Eureka’ lemons are shown in normal font, ‘Lisbons’ in bold font, and other
cultivars in italics. For 1997-98, the ‘Eureka’ lemons had as much as 58% less yield than the other lemons, except
the ‘Frost Nucellar’. ‘Villafranca’, ‘Rosenberger Lisbon’ and ‘Cavers Lisbon’ had the highest yields for the first
harvest, while ‘Rosenberger’ had the best yield for the second harvest. ‘Limonero Fino 49’, ‘Villafranca’ and
‘Cavers’ had the greatest percentage of fruit harvested early.
For 1998-99, ‘Cascade’ and ‘Cook Eureka’ again performed poorly, while the ‘Allen Eureka’ was much improved
over the previous year, with a yield surpassing all the ‘Lisbon’ lemon selections except ‘Cavers’. Like the previous
year, ‘Cavers Lisbon’, ‘Limonero Fino 49’ and ‘Villafranca’ had both large overall yield and a large percentage of
their fruit harvested early. As in 1997-98, ‘Frost Nucellar’ had relatively low total yield, as did ‘Limoneira 8A’,
‘Prior’, and ‘Rosenberger’. From 41 to 93% of the fruit on a particular tree was harvested early in 1998-99 harvest
year, with ‘Limonero Fino 49’ as the earliest selection tested.
For 1999-2000, the ‘Eureka’ selections again performed poorly. Yields of the ‘Eureka’ selections were as much as
50% less than the yields of the best performing selections. Also, the ‘Limoneira 8A’ and ‘Rosenberger’ Lisbon
lemons again performed poorly. For the third year in a row, the ‘Cavers Lisbon’ the ‘Limonero Fino 49’ and the
‘Villafranca’ performed the best, with yields similar to that of the previous years. No selection was significantly
earlier than any other for 1999-2000.
For 2000-01, ‘Cavers’, and ‘Limonero Fino 49’ performed the best, followed by ‘Rosenberger’ and ‘Frost Nucellar
Lisbon’. This harvest season was the first that ‘Frost Nucellar Lisbon’ was among the highest yielding trees.
Again, the ‘Eureka’ selections yielded less. ‘Cavers’, ‘Limonero Fino 49’ and ‘Villafranca’ had the greatest
percentage of early fruit.
For 2001-02, data is presented in graphical format. First harvest, second harvest and total yields are presented in
Figure 1. For the first harvest, much like in previous years, ‘Cavers Lisbon’ had significantly more yield than the
other selections tested. Several other cultivars had intermediate first harvest yields, and ‘Rosenberger’ again had the
smallest yield. For the second harvest, ‘Limonero Fino 49’, ‘Frost Nucellar Lisbon’, ‘Prior Lisbon’, and
‘Rosenberger Lisbon’ had the greatest yields. For total yield, ‘Limonero Fino 49’ was superior, followed by ‘’Frost
Nucellar Lisbon’, ‘Prior Lisbon’, ‘Cavers Lisbon’, and ‘Cascade Eureka’. There was no significant difference
among these selections. ‘Allen Eureka’, ‘Cook Eureka’ and ‘Rosenberger Lisbon’ had the least total yield for the
year.
Packout for both harvests of 2001-02 is shown in Figures 2 and 3. ‘Cascade Eureka’ is not included in the data as it
was inadvertently not harvested at the first harvest time. For the first harvest, there were significant differences only
for sizes 95 through 165. ‘Cook Eureka’, ‘Cavers Lisbon’ and ‘Limonero Fino 49’ had the greatest amount of size
95 fruit. These selections, as well as ‘Villafranca’, ‘Limoneira 8A Lisbon’, ‘Frost Nucellar Lisbon’, and ‘Prior
Lisbon’ had the most fruit of size 115. Most of the selections had large amounts of fruit of size 140, except ‘Cook
Eureka’ and ‘Allen Eureka’. For the second harvest of 2001-02, ‘Limonero Fino 49’ and ‘Cavers Lisbon’ had the
most size 75 fruit, and these selections as well as ‘Limoneira 8A Lisbon’ and ‘Prior Lisbon’ had the most fruit of
size 95. ‘Allen Eureka’ and ‘Rosenberger Lisbon’ had the smallest fruit for the second harvest.
Yields for the 2002-03 season are shown in Figure 4. As in previous years, ‘Cavers’ Lisbon had the greatest first
harvest yield. ‘Villafranca’ had the next greatest first harvest yield, but not significantly different than ‘Cavers’. A
group of cultivars, including ‘Limonero Fino 49’, ‘Allen Eureka’, ‘Frost Nucellar’ and ‘Cascade Eureka’ had
intermediate first harvest yields, while ‘Prior’, ‘Limoneira 8A’, ‘Cook’ and ‘Rosenberger’ had the least first harvest
yield. Second harvest yields did not lead to significant yields between the cultivars. Final yields were similar
among all of the cultivars; only ‘Cook Eureka’ was significantly lower than the rest.
Packout for both harvests of 2002-03 is shown in Figures 5 and 6. For the 10/16/02 harvest, ‘Cascade Eureka’ and
‘Limonero Fino 49’ had the most fruit of size 75 and 95, while ‘Prior Lisbon’ and ‘Limoneira 8A’ had the least. All
the other cultivars tested were intermediate. The second harvest was very late in the season, so fruit size was very
large. The three ‘Eureka’ cultivars, along with ‘Limoneira 8A’ and ‘Cavers’ had the greatest amount of size 75
fruit. For size 95, ‘Limoneira 8A had the most fruit, followed by the other Lisbon’s, except ‘Cavers’. In general,
‘Limoneira 8A’ had the largest fruit for this harvest, which may be explained by its smaller fruit for the first harvest.
For ease of viewing, 1997-98 to 2002-03 annual yields for this trial are shown in Figure 7. Since inception of the
trial, ‘Cavers Lisbon’ and ‘Limonero Fino 49’ have had superior yields, although ‘Limonero Fino 49’ fell off
slightly this year, but not significantly, especially compared to ‘Limoneira 8A Lisbon’, the industry standard. ‘Frost
Nucellar Lisbon’ has been improving in the last three years, although fruit size of this selection is a little smaller.
‘Limoneira 8A Lisbon’ has not performed as well as expected, until this year. ‘Cook Eureka’ has generally had
lower yields than the rest of the tested cultivars. Given the small size of this trial, conclusions drawn from this data
alone are tentative. However, the continual superior performance of both ‘Cavers’ and ‘Limonero Fino 49’ suggests
that they may have potential as additional lemon cultivars for the Arizona citrus industry.
1997 Lemon Selection Trial. First year yields for this trial are found in Table 2. ‘Arancino’ and ‘Verna’ are not
included in the yields, since some of those trees were planted one year later than the rest of the selections.
‘Limoneira 8A’ had significantly more fruit than any of the other selections tested for the 2000-01 harvest season.
There was no significant difference among the other selections. We also measured fruit length to width ratio.
Round fruit have ratios closer to 1.0. ‘Corpaci’ appears to be a round fruit, while ‘Cascade Eureka’ is the most
elongated.
For 2001-02, both ‘Limoneira 8A Lisbon’ and ‘Limonero Fino 49’ had the greatest overall yield (Fig.). ‘Limonero
Fino 49’ also had the greatest yield for the first harvest, although ‘Limoneira 8A’, which had somewhat lower yield
for the first harvest, was not significantly different. ‘Santa Teresa’ also performed well, but most of its accumulative
yield was harvested at the second harvest date. ‘In this trial, ‘Cavers Lisbon’ performed poorly. Also, the ‘Allen’,
‘Cascade’ and ‘Cook Eurekas’ did not perform as well as some of the ‘Lisbons’. Finally, ‘Arancino’ and ‘Berna’
had the least overall yield, however since several of these trees are one year younger than the rest of the trees in the
block, this is not entirely unexpected. Yields for these two selections for 2001-02 are not different than 2000-01
yields for the other selections found in Table 4.
First and second harvest packouts for five of the 13 selections evaluated in 2001-02 are found in Figures 9 and 10.
For the first harvest, ‘Cavers Lisbon’ and ‘Limonero Fino 49’ had the largest fruit of size 95 and 115. It is notable
that ‘Cavers’ has large fruit size despite the fact that it does not have the greatest yield for that harvest. These
results are similar to those reported in the 1995 lemon selection trial. ‘Femminello’, ‘Santa Teresa’, and ‘Limoneira
8A’ had significantly smaller fruit. For the second 2001-02 harvest, ‘Limonero Fino 49’ and ‘Cavers Lisbon’ again
had the most fruit in both the 75, 95 and 115 size categories. ‘Limoneira 8A Lisbon’, ‘Femminello’ and ‘Santa
Teresa’ also had the most fruit in the 95 and 115 sizes.
For 2002-03, ‘Santa Teresa’, ‘Limonero Fino 49’, ‘Limoneira 8A’, and ‘Villafranca’ had the greatest overall yield,
while ‘Arancino’ and ‘Berna’ had the least (Fig. 11). Both ‘Limonero Fino 49’ and ‘Primofiori’ yielded about 50%
of its fruit in the first harvest; an amount greater than all other cultivars. ‘Santa Teresa’ had the most fruit in the
second harvest, indicating that it is rather late-maturing. It is somewhat surprising that ‘Cavers’ was not among the
best-performing cultivars. For the first harvest, packout of five of the 13 cultivars is shown in Figure 12.
‘Limonero Fino 49’ peaked on size 95 and 115, while ‘Limoneira 8A’, ‘Cavers’, ‘Femminello’ and ‘Santa Teresa’
peaked on sizes 115 and 140. Second harvest packout for the same five cultivars is shown in Figure 13. All the
cultivars peaked on size 95, but ‘Limonero Fino 49’, ‘Cavers’ and ‘Limoneira 8A’ had greater numbers of size 75
fruit than did ‘Femminello’ and ‘Santa Teresa’.
This trial is similar to the 1995 trial in that ‘Limonero Fino 49’ is proving to be a superior lemon cultivar. Although
its yields in this trial are similar to those of ‘Limoneira 8A’ it has had superior fruit size, leading to a greater
percentage of first harvest yield. ‘Santa Teresa’ also has had the greatest yields, but it appears to size fruit slower
than either ‘Limonero Fino 49’ or ‘Limoneira 8A’. Other cultivars, including ‘Cavers’, ‘Femminello’, ‘Primofiori’
and ‘Villafranca’ appear to have slightly less yield than the aforementioned three. ‘Allen’ ‘Cascade’, and ‘Cook’,
all Eureka’s, have intermediate yield, and there is nothing to distinguish one from the other to this point.
‘Arancino’, ‘Berna’ and ‘Corpaci’ bring up the rear.
1998 Lemon Cultivar Selection Trial. 2001-02 yields from this trial are found in Figure 14. Yields were minimal,
but ‘Walker Lisbon’ and ‘Limoneira 8A Lisbon’ had the greatest yields. Yields for 2002-03 increased ten-fold over
the previous year (Fig. 15). Again, ‘Limoneira 8A’ had the greatest yield, but not significantly different than the
yields of ‘Monroe Lisbon’ and ‘Taylor Eureka’. ‘Walker Lisbon’ and ‘Dr. Strong Lisbon’ had intermediate yields,
followed by ‘Genoa’ and ‘Lapithotiki’. Harvest was late this year, so fruit size was large; all the cultivars peaked
on size 75. However, ‘Lapithotiki’ had significantly larger fruit than all the other cultivars tested; almost 90% of its
yield was of fruit size 75. 2002-03 Packout from the other six cultivars is shown in Figure 16. ‘Dr. Strong Lisbon’
appeared to have the largest fruit size, followed by ‘Limoneira 8A’ and ‘Monroe’. Several more years of data are
necessary to show consistent differences among these cultivars.
Conclusions
One new lemon cultivar selection appears promising for Arizona. This is ‘Limonero Fino 49’ lemon. ‘Cavers
Lisbon’ and ‘Villafranca’ may also be suitable, but neither consistently equals or surpasses ‘Limoneira 8A Lisbon’
lemon in terms of overall yield and/or earliness as often as does ‘Limonero Fino 49’. ‘Santa Teresa’ appears to
have excellent yield, but is hobbled by its lateness. No other new selections stand out at this time; however this may
change as more data is collected. ‘Eureka’ lemons have typically performed poorly in comparison to the ‘Lisbons’,
and should not be considered as a replacement for any of the high-yielding ‘Lisbon’ selections.
Literature Cited
Wright, G.C. and M.A. Peña. 2002. Lemon rootstock trials in Arizona – 2001. 2002 Citrus Research Report.
College of Agriculture Series P-133. Tucson, AZ.
Wright, G.C. and M.A. Peña. 2001. Results of scion and rootstock trials for citrus in Arizona – 2000. 2001 Citrus
Research Report. College of Agriculture Series P-129. Tucson, AZ.
Wright, G.C. and M.A. Peña. 2000. Results of scion and rootstock trials for citrus in Arizona – 1999. 2000 Citrus
Research Report. College of Agriculture Series P-123. Tucson, AZ.
Wright, G.C., P.A. Tilt and M.A. Peña. 1999. Results of scion and rootstock trials for citrus in Arizona – 1998.
1999 Citrus Research Report. College of Agriculture Series P-117. Tucson, AZ.
Wright, G.C. 1998. Results of scion and rootstock trials for citrus in Arizona – 1997. 1998 Citrus Research Report.
College of Agriculture Series P-113. Tucson, AZ.
Wright, G.C. 1997. Early results for scion and rootstock trials in Arizona. 1997 Citrus Research Report. College of
Agriculture Series P-109. Tucson, AZ.
Wright, G.C. 1996. Cultivar and rootstock research for the Arizona citrus industry. 1996 Citrus Research Report.
College of Agriculture Series P-105. Tucson, AZ.
Wright, G.C. 1995. Cultivar and rootstock research for the Arizona citrus industry. 1995 Citrus Research Report.
College of Agriculture Series P-101. Tucson, AZ.
Table 1. 1997- 2001 Yields of ten lemon cultivar selections budded to C. volkameriana rootstock.
Yield (lbs. per tree)
Selectionz
1997-1998
Allen Eureka
Cascade Eureka
Cook Eureka
Cavers Lisbon
Frost Nucellar Lisbon
Limoneira 8A Lisbon
Prior Lisbon
Rosenberger Lisbon
Limonero Fino 49
Villafranca
39.7 cy
44.5 c
41.4 c
101.9 a
57.1 bc
95.0 ab
95.7 ab
121.9 a
94.4 ab
124.3 a
z
y
1998-1999
164.5 cd
93.5 f
129.2 def
272.3 a
123.9 def
152.3 def
104.9 ef
132.5 def
233.9 ab
199.7 bc
1999-2000
2000-2001
142.4 bcx
143.3 bc
103.8 cd
279.1 a
203.0 ab
101.0 cd
188.5 b
45.0 d
226.2 ab
220.2 ab
210.1 cd
303.8 bcd
177.0 d
454.4 a
349.0 abc
304.5 bcd
326.9 abc
360.2 ab
434.3 ab
313.7 bcd
Values are the means of 3 to 5 trees.
Means separation in columns by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test, 5% level. Values in the same columns with the
same letters are not significantly different.
Table 2. 2000-2001 Yields and fruit shape of eleven
lemon cultivar selections budded to C. volkameriana
rootstock.
Total
Fruit shape
Selectionz
Yield
Width to
(lb.)
Length ratio
0.865 a
Corpaci
9.5 by
Cavers Lisbon
9.7 b
0.847 abc
Femminello Commune
14.6 b
0.815 bcd
Cook Eureka
15.4 b
0.817 bcd
Primofiori
16.5 b
0.810 cd
Cascade Eureka
17.9 b
0.793 d
Allen Eureka
18.7 b
0.820 bcd
Sta. Teresa
20.9 b
0.810 cd
Villafranca
22.3 b
0.857 ab
Limonero Fino 49
26.5 b
0.813 cd
Limoneira 8A Lisbon
56.9 a
0.810 cd
z
Values are the means of 15 trees.
y
Means separation in columns by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test, 5% level.
500
630
A
AB
AB
ABC
504
ABCD
BCD
CDE
DE
DE
300
BCD
CD
AB
CD
ABCD
A
A
378
ABC
E
200
A
B
B
126
B
BC
BC
BC
BC
C
bo
n
Eu
re
ka
10/03/2001 Harvest
12/14/2001 Harvest
C
as
c
R
os
en
be
0
ad
e
Li
s
rg
er
Eu
re
ka
bo
n
Li
s
8A
on
ei
ra
C
oo
k
Li
sb
on
bo
n
io
r
Li
m
Fr
os
t
Pr
nc
a
lla
rL
is
lla
fra
Vi
Al
N
uc
e
49
le
n
Fi
no
Li
sb
on
er
o
Li
m
C
av
er
s
Eu
re
ka
0
on
Yield
(lbs. per tree)
252
D
100
Approximate yield in
field boxes per acre
(based on 24 x 24 ft. spacing)
400
Cultivar
Letters indicate significant differences, within harvest dates or for total yield (bold letters), between cultivars tested.
Figure 1. 2001-02 Yields for the 1995 Lemon Cultivar Selection Trial.
Cultivar
Cook Eureka
a
Allen Eureka
cd
bcd
Villafranca
bc
Limoneira 8A Lisbon
ab
abc
ab
de
Rosenberger Lisbon
e
0
bc
ab
ab
c
ab
a
d
10
ab
a
abc
a
a
20
30
75
95
115
140
165
200
235
285
c
ab
abc
a
Prior Lisbon
bc
a
cde
Cavers Lisbon
ab
bc
ab
Frost Nucellar Lisbon
c
c
ab
cde
Limonero Fino 49
bcd
40
50
60
Packout (%)
Letters indicate significant differences, within fruit sizes, between cultivars tested.
Figure 2. 10/3/01 Packout for the 1995 Lemon Cultivar Selection Trial.
70
80
90
100
Cultivar
Cook Eureka
bcd
Allen Eureka
e
cd
b
a
f
Villafranca
bcd
Limoneira 8A Lisbon
bcd
a
cd
a
a
ab
0
10
a
20
c
a
d
d
30
40
d
c
ab
bc
75
95
115
140
165
200
235
285
d
bc
a
a
Rosenberger Lisbon
c
bc
Cavers Lisbon
bc
a
b
Prior Lisbon
bc
a
ab
Limonero Fino 49
Frost Nucellar Lisbon
bc
ab
50
60
70
80
90
100
Packout (%)
Letters indicate significant differences, within fruit sizes, between cultivars tested.
Figure 3. 12/14/01 Packout for the 1995 Lemon Cultivar Selection Trial.
1008
a
a
a
a
700
882
ab
ab
ab
600
ab
ab
500
756
630
b
400
504
300
378
252
200
A
a
100
Yield
(lbs. per tree)
B
bc
B
B
bc
ab
BC
BC
bcd
cd
BC
d
C
d
Eu
re
nb
ka
er
ge
rL
is
C
bo
as
n
ca
de
Eu
re
ka
sb
on
0
10/16/2002 Harvest
2/24/2003 Harvest
os
e
oo
k
C
bc
R
Li
m
on
ei
ra
8A
Li
rL
is
bo
n
bo
n
Pr
io
lla
rL
is
nc
a
N
uc
e
lla
fra
re
ka
n
le
Vi
Fr
os
t
49
Eu
no
Fi
Al
on
er
o
Li
m
av
er
s
Li
s
bo
n
0
C
126
BC
cd
Approximate yield in
field boxes per acre
(based on 24 x 24 ft. spacing)
800
Selection
Letters indicate significant differences, within harvest dates or for total yield (bold letters), between selections tested.
There was no significant effect of selection upon second harvest yield.
Figure 4. 2002-03 Yields for the 1995 Lemon Cultivar Selection Trial.
Cultivar
Cascade Eureka
a
Cook Eureka
ab
Allen Eureka
bc
Villafranca
a
b
Limonero Fino 49
bc
c
Frost Nucellar Lisbon
bc
Cavers Lisbon
bc
abc
ab
ab
a
b
c
c
30
40
50
60
Packout (%)
Letters indicate significant differences, within fruit sizes, between cultivars tested.
Figure 5. 10/16/02 Packout for the 1995 Lemon Cultivar Selection Trial.
70
bc
ab
a
20
c
c
b
10
c
c
c
Prior Lisbon bc
0
abc
bc
b
bc
Limoneira 8A Lisbon
abc
c
b
c
c
d
80
90
100
75
95
115
140
165
200
235
285
Cultivar
Cascade Eureka
a
Cook Eureka
ab
Allen Eureka
bc
cd
Limonero Fino 49
Limoneira 8A Lisbon
bc
Frost Nucellar Lisbon
a
0
10
ef
a
20
30
40
bc
cde
50
60
Packout (%)
Letters indicate significant differences, within fruit sizes, between cultivars tested.
Figure 6. 2/14/03 Packout for the 1995 Lemon Cultivar Selection Trial.
c
a
a
cd
75
95
115
140
165
200
235
285
c
a
bc
d
Rosenberger Lisbon
def
ab
ab
a
Prior Lisbon
bc
a
d
Cavers Lisbon
ab
cd
ab
abc
c
bc
def
ab
bc
c
f
cd
abc
Villafranca
f
d
70
80
90
100
645
700
565
600
484
500
403
400
323
300
242
200
161
100
81
0
Approximate yield in field boxes per acre
(based on 30 x 30 ft. spacing)
Annual Yield (lbs. per tree)
800
Allen Eureka
Cascade Eureka
Cavers Lisbon
Cook Eureka
Frost Nucellar Lisbon
Limoneira 8A Lisbon
Limonero Fino 49
Prior Lisbon
Rosenberger Lisbon
Villafranca
20
03
20
02
-
20
02
20
01
-
20
01
20
00
-
19
99
-
19
99
19
98
-
19
98
19
97
-
20
00
0
Harvest Year
Figure 7. 1997-2003 Yields for the 1995 Lemon Cultivar Selection Trial.
250.0
200
A
187.5
ABC
ABC
BCD
ABC
100
125.0
CDE CDE
DEF
DEF
CDEF
CDEF
A
DE
50
CD
DEF
BCD
DEF
AB
A
62.5
CD
0
CDE
F
F
CD
CD
EF
EF
D
CD
BC
BCD BCD BCD AB
A
BC
BCD BC
0.0
Al
le
n
Eu
re
ka
Ar
an
ci
no
*
C
B
as
er
na
ca
de
*
Eu
C
re
av
ka
er
s
Li
s
C
bo
oo
n
k
Eu
re
ka
C
or
pa
Li
Fe
ci
m
m
on
m
ei
i
n
ra
el
lo
8A
Li
m
L
is
on
bo
er
n
o
Fi
no
49
Pr
im
of
Sa
io
nt
ri
a
Te
re
sa
Vi
lla
fra
nc
a
Yield
(lbs. per tree)
Cultivar
Letters indicate significant differences, within harvest dates or for total yield (bold letters), between cultivars tested.
Figure 8. 2001-02 Yields for the 1997 Lemon Cultivar Selection Trial.
Approximate yield in
field boxes per acre
(based on 24 x 24 ft. spacing)
AB
150
10-3-01 Harvest
12-13-01 Harvest
Cultivar
Limoneira 8A Lisbon
Cavers Lisbon
ab
Limonero Fino 49
b
Femminello
de
ab
20
abc
abcde
a
30
40
50
75
95
115
140
165
200
235
285
ef
ab
abc
10
def
cde
a
d
0
abcd
ab
d
Santa Teresa
cde
abc
d
60
70
80
90
100
Packout (%)
Letters indicate significant differences, within fruit sizes, between cultivars tested.
Figure 9. 10/3/01 Packout for five selections tested in the 1997 Lemon Cultivar Selection Trial.
Cultivar
Limoneira 8A Lisbon
Cavers Lisbon
a
Limonero Fino 49
a
Femminello
bc
Santa Teresa
bc
0
a
ab
bc
ab
cde
a
a
a
ab
ab
10
abcd
20
30
40
50
a
abc
a
ab
60
70
75
95
115
140
165
200
235
285
e
80
90
Packout (%)
Letters indicate significant differences, within fruit sizes, between cultivars tested.
Figure 10. 12/13/01 Packout for five selections tested in the 1997 Lemon Cultivar Selection Trial.
100
400
504
A
AB
ABC
300
ABC
BCDE
CDE
250
DE
200
bcd
EF
bc
a
cde
b
bc
252
EF
bcde
bc
150
bcde
FG
bcde
378
BCD
BCD
def
126
100
a
ef
50
efgh
0
G
f
g
cdef
bcd
def
cde
bcd
cd
cdef
def
fg
0
Eu
re
ka
Ar
an
ci
no
C
B
as
er
ca
na
de
E
ur
C
av
ek
er
a
s
Li
sb
C
oo
on
k
Eu
re
ka
C
or
pa
Li
Fe
ci
m
m
on
m
ei
i
n
ra
el
lo
8A
Li
m
L
is
on
bo
er
n
o
Fi
no
49
Pr
im
of
Sa
io
nt
ri
a
Te
re
sa
Vi
lla
fr a
nc
a
Yield
(lbs. per tree)
ab
Approximate yield in
field boxes per acre
(based on 24 x 24 ft. spacing)
350
Al
le
n
Oct. 14, 2002 Harvest
Feb. 17, 2003 Harvest
Cultivar
Letters indicate significant differences, within harvest dates or for total yield (bold letters), between cultivars tested.
Figure 11. 2002-03 Yields for the 1997 Lemon Cultivar Selection Trial.
Cultivar
Limoneira 8A Lisbon
Cavers Lisbon
a
cd
de
cde
Limonero Fino 49
Femminello
e
Santa Teresa
de
0
ab
ab
d
10
20
30
a
abc
a
a
40
50
60
75
95
115
140
165
200
c
d
ab
a
d
bc
bcd
a
bcde
abc
ab
70
ab
80
90
Packout (%)
Letters indicate significant differences, within fruit sizes, between cultivars tested.
Figure 12. 10/14/02 Packout for five selections tested in the 1997 Lemon Cultivar Selection Trial.
100
Cultivar
Limoneira 8A Lisbon
bcd
ab
Cavers Lisbon
abcd
Limonero Fino 49
abcd
Femminello
abc
10
a
a
ab
20
75
95
115
140
165
200
235
285
de
cd
0
cde
bc
d
Santa Teresa
bcde
30
40
50
60
70
abcde
80
90
Packout (%)
Letters indicate significant differences, within fruit sizes, between cultivars tested.
Figure 13. 2/17/03 Packout for five selections tested in the 1997 Lemon Cultivar Selection Trial.
100
12.0
11.0
a
10.0
Yield (lbs. per tree)
9.0
ab
8.0
7.0
6.0
bc
5.0
bc
c
4.0
3.0
2.0
c
c
1.0
Cultivar
Figure 14. 2001-02 Yields for the 1998 Lemon Cultivar Selection Trial.
i
ot
ik
La
pi
th
re
ka
Eu
Ta
ylo
r
Li
ne
)
ld
(O
en
oa
M
on
ro
e
Li
sb
on
Li
sb
on
G
D
r.
St
ro
ng
8A
Li
m
on
ei
ra
W
al
k
er
Li
sb
on
Li
sb
on
0.0
Li
8A
Cultivar
Figure 15. 2002-03 Yields for the 1998 Lemon Cultivar Selection Trial.
pi
)
ik
i
ek
a
ne
th
ot
ur
Li
sb
on
b
La
rE
O
ld
Li
90
yl
o
oa
(
on
ro
e
150
Ta
G
en
M
Li
sb
on
n
on
sb
o
isb
Li
rL
r.
St
ro
ng
ira
ke
120
D
m
on
e
W
al
Yield (lbs. per tree)
ab
121
ab
bc
97
c
73
60
d
48
30
24
0
0
Field Boxes per Acre
(Based on 30 x 30 ft. spacing)
180
145
a
Walker
a
d
Limoneira 8A
bc
b
Dr. Strong
b
Genoa
10
20
30
b
40
50
60
75
95
115
140
165
200
235
285
c
bc
cd
0
d
bc
bc
Taylor
bc
c
a
Monroe
Cultivar
a
abc
ab
70
80
90
Packout (%)
Letters indicate significant differences, within fruit sizes, between cultivars tested.
Figure 16. 2/17/03 Packout for six selections tested in the 1998 Lemon Cultivar Selection Trial.
100