GENI: An Initiative In Planning
In Search of New Internet
Paradigms and Architectures
Guru Parulkar
CISE
National Science Foundation
gparulka@nsf.gov
Outline
• What is GENI?
• Significance of optical networking in GENI
6 March 2006
2
Education
…
…
Internet:
Transforming Infrastructure
S&E
Research
6 March 2006
Communication
Information
Sharing
3
Looking Ahead
Applications
Critical
Infrastructures
Networked
Sensors
Data Grid
Networked
Embedded
E-science
Digital
Living
Service
Oriented
Optical
Actuators
Technologies
6 March 2006
Evolvability
Security
Robustness
Mobility
Ubiquity
Wireless
SoC
Sensors
Autonomicity
Capabilities
Storage
4
Future Internet?
Distributed Systems and Services?
Network and Protocol Architectures?
New Paradigms?
Applications &
User
Requirements
Disruptive
Technologies
Network
Capabilities
Internet
Arch Limitations
Ossification
Need a clean-slate approach
6 March 2006
5
Is the Internet broken? D Clark
• It is great at what it does.
– Everyone should be proud of this.
– All sorts of things can be built on top of it.
• But…
– Security is weak and not getting better.
– Availability is an issue and not getting better.
– It is hard to manage and getting harder.
– It does not handle mobility well.
– A long list, once you start…
6 March 2006
6
GENI Initiative
• Research -- Refocus existing programs
– NeTS => FIND
– Cyber Trust
– CSR
– CRI
–…
To help invent new Internet architecture(s)
• Experimental Facility (New Funding)
– To enable experimentation with new architectures
6 March 2006
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Scope of Research
•
Core functionalities
•
Real time networked embedded systems
•
Security and robustness
•
Communications during crisis
•
Privacy and accountability
•
High level conceptualization
•
Manageability and usability
•
Support for applications design
•
Economics viability
•
Large scale storage management
•
Theoretical foundations
•
Social needs
Higher performance is one of many requirements
6 March 2006
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New Network Architecture Ideas?
• I3 and its derivatives with flat names
• Content centric networking -- different variants
• Capability based architectures
• 4D architecture for control and management
• DHT based distributed storage systems
• Object architecture with handle system
• Mobile wireless inspired?
• Photonics Integrated Circuits (PICs) inspired?
6 March 2006
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Facility Goals
Enable exploration of new network architectures,
mechanisms, and distributed system capabilities
A shared facility that allows
• Concurrent exploration of a broad range of experimental
networks and distributed services
• Interconnection among experimental networks & the
commodity Internet
• Users and applications to “opt-in”
• Observation, measurement, and recording of outcomes
enabled
Develop stronger scientific base
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Facility Design: Key Concepts
Sensor Network
Mobile Wireless Network
Edge Site
Slicing, Virtualization, Programmability
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Facility Design: Key Concepts
Sensor Network
Edge Site
Mobile Wireless Network
Federated
International Facility
Slicing, Virtualization, Programmability
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Recognize Four Groups
•
Baseline GENI facility providers
– Provide baseline GENI with appropriate capabilities and hooks
•
Network architects and distributed systems builders: research teams
– Deploy new networks and services on the baseline facility
•
Application providers: research teams
– Build and deploy example applications
•
End users
– Use applications for their benefit and in the process test
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Outline
• What is GENI?
• Significance of optical networking in GENI
6 March 2006
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Photonics Integration
10ps Delay using deep-etched waveguide
Dual SGDBR Signal
Booster SOAs
Label Rewrite EAM
SGDBR
Flared Input
Input Signal Blanking EAM Tunable Laser
Pre-amp SOAs
1mm MZI SOAs
Dan Blumenthal
UCSB
Fiber to Waveguide
Fan-In
PIC
Fiber to Waveguide
Fan-Out
Vinod Khosla talk
http://www.kpcb.com/
Analog Electronics
Flip
Digital Electronics (PLD, FPGA)
chip
bondin
Electrical Fanout to BGA
g
BGA Connector to Circuit Board
6 March 2006
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Optical Breakthroughs and
Networking?
•
What is optical in optical networking?
– Besides optical transmission
•
Optical breakthroughs on the horizon
–
–
–
–
–
–
•
•
Photonic integration -- tremendous cost & functionality improvement
Multi-wavelength regenerators
Highly integrated wavelength converters
Silicon photonics
Slow light and
More
Very dense and inexpensive OEO
How would these breakthroughs change networking?
– More efficient transmission or fundamental paradigm shift?
6 March 2006
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System on a Chip: IXP 2850
3 RDRAM
channels
2 encryption
engines
10 Gb/s IO
4 QDR SRAM
channels
6 March 2006
16 32 bit
processors 8K
ctl. memory
>20 GIPs (peak)
• 16 i/B for 10
Gb/s traffic
Thanks to Jon Turner 17
Best of Both Technologies
Circuit and Packet
Service Layer
All Optical
Transport Core
• Optics good for transmission, circuit multiplexing & switching
– Let us push optics to its limits
• Electronics (CMOS) good for processing and storage
• Make optics and electronic interface as efficient as we can
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Scope of All Optical Transport
Circuit and Packet
Service Layer
Scope of Optical Core
• Dynamic circuit switched
• T1 to 10Gbps circuits
• Control and managed
• Robust and secured
• Scalable
• Much less expensive than
SONET + WDM
All Optical
Transport Core
Scope of Optical Core
• Backbone networks
• National
• Metro
• Access
• Campus
• Within the system
• Is cost performance discontinuity possible?
– As enabled by WDM, optical amplifiers, ROADM
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High BW “Pipes” On-demand
• Many applications need this capability
– End to end, per flow
• Bandwidth requirements close to per lambda capacity
– Layers of protocol designed to do multiplexing not required
• End to end pipes have to be established on-demand
– Low latency critical
• Control plane to establish and reconfigure pipes important
– Challenging research, policy, multi-domain issues
• Networking and applications research need to be closely tied
Consensus among the participants
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High BW Pipes On-demand Most
Critical for Broad Networking?
• Is end to end 10-40Gbps on-demand most critical challenge?
– It is for HPCC applications
• Challenges for broad networking?
– Ossification of Internet and how to bring about fundamental changes
– Scalability: number of devices, range of applications and services
– Reliability and robustness
– Security and privacy
– And more
• Shouldn’t lose track of broad networking
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Success Scenarios
• Internet evolution influenced by clean-slate approach
• Alternate infrastructure emerges
– Single architecture emerges and dominates
– Virtualization becomes the norm with plurality of architectures
– Alternate infrastructure becomes the mainstream over time
• Many other payoffs
– Some unexpected
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