Photonic networking R&D activities and plans
in Japan
Ken-ichi Kitayama
Osaka University, Japan
E-mail: kitayama@comm.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp
March 5, 2006
K. Kitayama,
International Workshop_FON@OFC2006
Osaka Univ.
Photonic Internet Forum (PIF)
General Meeting
Chairperson
Tomonori Aoyama
Professor, Tokyo University
Vice-Chairperson
Ken-ichi Kitayama
Professor, Osaka University
Steering Committee
Planning Committee
Technical Research Committee
Chairperson
Vice-Chairperson
Ken-ichi Kitayama
Professor, Osaka University
Ken-ichi Sato
Professor, Nagoya University
Chairperson
Yu-ichi Matsushima
National Institute of information and
Communications Technology
Vice-Chairperson
Naoaki Yamanaka
Professor, Keio University
Secretariat
Support of Center for Advanced Telecommunications Technology
Research, Foundation
March 5, 2006
K. Kitayama,
*
* Ministry of Internal Affairs & Communications (MIC)
International Workshop_FON@OFC2006
Osaka Univ.
March 5, 2006
K. Kitayama,
International Workshop_FON@OFC2006
Osaka Univ.
Outline
‰
Introduction
¾ What’s happening in broadband services in Japan
‰
Current government-funded R&D programs for
photonic networks in Japan
‰
Next-generation photonic networks R&D
programs toward 2010
March 5, 2006
K. Kitayama,
International Workshop_FON@OFC2006
Osaka Univ.
Outline
‰
Introduction
¾ What’s happening in broadband services in Japan
‰
Current government-funded R&D programs for
photonic networks in Japan
‰
Next-generation photonic networks R&D
programs toward 2010
March 5, 2006
K. Kitayama,
International Workshop_FON@OFC2006
Osaka Univ.
Broadband services in Japan
million
Million
25
20
ADSL14.3million (’05.09)
15
10
6mil (‘06.03)
HFC (CATV)
3.12million (’05.09)
5
0
‘00
’00
Sep.
Sep.
'01
'01
Sep.
Sep.
‘02
’02
Sep.
Sep.
‘03
’03
Sep.
Sep.
‘04
’04
Sep.
Sep.
FTTH
3.97million (’05.09)
‘05
’05 ’0606’0707’0808’0909’1010
Sep.
Sep.
March 5, 2006H.Shinohara, Broadband Europe 2006
International Workshop_FON@OFC2006
K. Kitayama, (Bordeaux, Dec.2006)
Osaka Univ.
Broadband service rates
Japan
0.09
Korea
<$1/Mbps/mon.
0.25
Belgium
1.15
Hong Kong (China)
Costs per 100kps of data transmission (Unit: $US)
1.27
Singapore
2.21
Macao (China)
2.56
New Zealand
2.71
Canada
3.25
Netherlands
3.36
United States
3.53
Israel
3.98
Germany
4.42
Denmark
5.81
Australia
5.89
Norway
6.56
0
March 5, 2006
K. Kitayama,
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Source: “ITU Internet Reports 2003: Birth of Broadband” (September 2003)
International Workshop_FON@OFC2006
Osaka Univ.
Problems of current IP networks in Japan
Issue
Issue #3:
#3:
‰
‰Exchange
Exchange of
of reliable
reliable routing
routing
information
between
carriers
information between carriers
Rapid traffic growth
in access networks
ISP users
Issue
Issue #2:
#2:
‰
QoS
‰ QoS guarantee
guarantee across
across
different
different carriers’
carriers’ networks
networks
Local ISP
Current
Current problem
problem #4:
#4:
‰
Overconcentration
‰ Overconcentration of
of traffic
traffic to
to Tokyo
Tokyo
ISP
in Tokyo A
IX
Local ISP
Issue
Issue #1:
#1:
‰
‰Traffic
Traffic engineering
engineering over
over the
the
entire
entire network
network
March 5, 2006
K. Kitayama,
Backbone
ISP
in Tokyo B
Recent survey by Ministry of International
Internal Affairs
& Communications (MIC)
Workshop_FON@OFC2006
Current
Current problem
problem #3:
#3:
‰
‰BW
BW occupation
occupation in
in local
local loops
loops
by
a
limited
number
of
users
by a limited number of users
Current
Current problem
problem #1:
#1:
‰
Fear
that
traffic
volume
‰ Fear that traffic volume
exceeds
exceeds router
router capability
capability
Current
Current problem
problem #2:
#2:
‰
‰Surplus
Surplus capacity
capacity of
of 60%
60%
(but
(but decreasing
decreasing after
after 1996)
1996)
Osaka Univ.
Outline
‰
Introduction
¾ What’s happening in broadband services in Japan
‰
Current government-funded R&D programs for
photonic networks in Japan
‰
Next-generation photonic networks R&D
programs toward 2010
March 5, 2006
K. Kitayama,
International Workshop_FON@OFC2006
Osaka Univ.
Current government-funded R&D programs
All-optical
All-optical transport
transport
（1996〜2005）
（1996〜2005）
Photonic
Photonic node
node enabling
enabling broadband
broadband access
access
（2000〜2005）
（2000〜2005）
Optical
Optical burst
burst switching
switching network
network
（2001〜2005）
（2001〜2005）
Control
Control plane
plane for
for terabit-class
terabit-class network
network
（2001〜2005）
（2001〜2005）
Ministry of Internal affairs
& Communs. (MIC)
NTT,
NTT, Fujitsu,
Fujitsu, NEC,
NEC, Hitachi,
Hitachi, OKI,
OKI,
Sumitomo,
Sumitomo, Univ.
Univ. Tokyo,
Tokyo, Osaka
Osaka Univ.,
Univ.,
Univ.
Univ. Electro-Communs.
Electro-Communs.
Devices
Devices for
for photonic
photonic network
network
（2002〜2006）
（2002〜2006）
Femtosecond
Femtosecond technology
technology
（1995〜2004）
（1995〜2004）
March 5, 2006
K. Kitayama,
Ministry of Economy,
Trade, and Industry (METI)
International Workshop_FON@OFC2006
Osaka Univ.
Targets and goals of current R&D programs
Control
Control for
for terabit-class
terabit-class network
network
Network
Network architecture,
architecture,
λλ -- RSVP,
RSVP,
Optical
Optical crossconnect
crossconnect
switch
switch fabric
fabric
GMPLS
GMPLS router,
router, OADM
OADM
Restoration
Restoration &
& protection,
protection,
40Gbps
40Gbps line
line card
card
Control Plane
Photonic
Photonic node
node enabling
enabling broadband
broadband access
access
Optical
Optical burst
burst switching
switching network
network
OXC
UNI
GMPLS
GMPLS control
control plane,
plane,
UNI
UNI &
& NNI
NNI
OXC
UNI
Transport Plane
OXC
OXC
NNI
OXC
OXC
All-optical
All-optical transport
transport
Transparency
Transparency extension,
extension,
High-bit-rate
High-bit-rate ultralong-haul
ultralong-haul transmission,
transmission,
DWDM,OTDM
DWDM,OTDM
March 5, 2006
K. Kitayama,
International Workshop_FON@OFC2006
Osaka Univ.
10.9Tb/s (40Gb/s x 273λs) WDM
(1) S-band(1.49mm) optical amplifier
(2) ３-band WDM transmission
•NL suppression by large-core PSCF
•Dispersion compensation by RDF
•Distributed Raman amplification
Optical Power
[dBm, RB=0.1nm]
0.3
0.2
0
S-band
C-band
L-band 0.1
80ch
80ch
Fiber Loss
[dB/km]
•S-band GS-TDFA+C-band EDFA(1.55mm) +Ｌ-band GS-EDFA(1.58mm)
•Available bandwidth 64nm → 110nm (x 1.7)
-20
-40
1480
1520
1560
Wavelength [nm]
1600
40Gb/s NRZ signal
100GHz
50GHz
(3) 0.8 bit/s/Hz by polarization MUX/DEMUX
•50GHz-interval
•Spectral eff.=0.8 [bit/s/Hz]
March 5, 2006
K. Kitayama,
NEC, OFC2001, PD24.
Wavelength
Pol MUX WDM signal
International Workshop_FON@OFC2006
Osaka Univ.
High-speed, 128x128 3D-MEMS OXC switch
Input/output fiber array
Roof-type
Retro-reflector
Input/output
μ-lens array
Input/output MEMS
mirror array
Folded configuration with roof-type
retro-reflector by a factor of 1/2 of
flat-reflector (Lucent)
March 5, 2006
K. Kitayama,
Features
-Control interface: GSMP
-Large scale: 128 x 128 channels
-High speed switching: 1ms
-Low power consumption: 22W
-Small size: 430 x 131 x 400mm
International Workshop_FON@OFC2006
Osaka Univ.
Outline
‰
Introduction
¾ What’s happening in broadband services in Japan
‰
Current government-funded R&D programs for
photonic networks in Japan
‰
Next-generation photonic networks R&D
programs toward 2010
Report
Report from
from the
the Research
Research Promotion
Promotion Council
Council for
for 21st-Century
21st-Century Network
Network Technologies,
Technologies,
Ministry
Ministry of
of Internal
Internal Affairs
Affairs and
and Communications
Communications (MIC)
(MIC)
(http://www.soumu.go.jp/s-news/2005/050728_8.html)
(http://www.soumu.go.jp/s-news/2005/050728_8.html)
March 5, 2006
K. Kitayama,
International Workshop_FON@OFC2006
Osaka Univ.
Next-generation R&D programs
All-optical
All-optical transport
transport
（1996〜2005）
（1996〜2005）
Ministry of Internal affairs
& Commun. (MIC)
Photonic
Photonic node
node enabling
enabling broadband
broadband access
access
（2000〜2005）
（2000〜2005）
Optical
Optical burst
burst switching
switching network
network
（2001〜2005）
（2001〜2005）
NG
NG R&D
R&D programs
programs
2006(5) ~2010
Control
Control plane
plane for
for terabit-class
terabit-class network
network
（2001〜2005）
（2001〜2005）
Devices
Devices for
for photonic
photonic network
network
（2002〜2006）
（2002〜2006）
Femtosecond
Femtosecond technology
technology
（1995〜2004）
（1995〜2004）
March 5, 2006
K. Kitayama,
International Workshop_FON@OFC2006
Ministry of Economy,
Trade, and Industry (METI)
NG
NG R&D
R&D programs
programs
2007 ~
Osaka Univ.
Paradigm shift of R&D programs
- From technology-driven to application-driven Current R&D programs
‰1000ch.
DWDM per fiber & 10,000km non-repeater transmission
‰10Tbps photonic router
‰Terabit-class wavelength routing network
Key drivers: Bandwidth-rich networked applications
¾Grid computing
¾Real-time streaming: digital cinema, medical, education
¾e-Commerce: Network storage
NG - R&D programs
‰Build
a photonic platform to provide abundant bandwidth on demand at
anytime, anywhere for promoting bandwidth-rich networked applications
March 5, 2006
K. Kitayama,
International Workshop_FON@OFC2006
Osaka Univ.
Guideline of NG R&D programs
Application
λ Access
“Any content to the users via optical LAN tech.”
λ Utility
“λ− connection on demand on real-time basis
by customer-initiative”
NG networking
Current R&D targets for
communication networks
Beyond
electrical
horizon
Ubiquitous
◆Broadband access
◆Mobile
◆
Techology
Photonic node
with multiple granularity switching capability
March 5, 2006
K. Kitayama,
Ultimate photonic technologies
Note:
refers to
to aa large-capacity
large-capacity and
and transparent
transparent
Note: λλ refers
information
identified
by
information channel,
channel,
identified
by the
the wavelength
wavelength value
value
International
Workshop_FON@OFC2006
Osaka Univ.
March 5, 2006
K. Kitayama,
International Workshop_FON@OFC2006
Osaka Univ.
March 5, 2006
K. Kitayama,
International Workshop_FON@OFC2006
Osaka Univ.
March 5, 2006
K. Kitayama,
International Workshop_FON@OFC2006
Osaka Univ.
Quests for ultimate photonic technologies
Approach to Shannon’s limit
Shannon’s
limit
Ultimate spectral efficiency
S
C
η = = log 2 (1+ ) [bit / s / Hz]
N
W
=0
0.1[1/W/km]
Signal bw : W [Hz], Channel capacity : C [bit/s]
*C.E.Shannon, B.S.T.J.,27,1948.
1[1/W/km]
＝＞Multi-level
＝＞Multi-level modulation
modulation && FEC
FEC
Signal BW=10[GHz]
GVD=20[ps/nm/km]
Δλ=1[nm], 1R spacing=100[km]
Optical RAM
λ-MUX
λ-MUX
Buffer
ptio
m
su 1/40
n
o
Header
er c ng =>
w
Header
Header
o
i
e-p n-siz
processing
processing
w
Do
＝＞Nano-tech.
＝＞Nano-tech. && silicon
silicon photonics
photonics
March 5, 2006
K. Kitayama,
/50
1
>
n=
Line interface
Switch
Scheduler
Line interface
λ-DEMUX
λ-DEMUX
Payload
Payload
Payload
λ-MUX
λ-MUX
Output fiber１
Input fiber
Output fiber２
Routing
Routing
control
control
International Workshop_FON@OFC2006
Osaka Univ.
Thank you!
K. Kitayama et al., “Photonic network R&D activities
in Japan – Current activities and future perspectives
– (Invited),” IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol., vol.23,
No.10, pp.3404-3418, 2005.
March 5, 2006
K. Kitayama,
International Workshop_FON@OFC2006
Osaka Univ.