Journal of Plant Registrations
Registration of AR11SDS soybean germplasm resistance to
Sudden Death Syndrome, Soybean Cyst Nematode, and with
adequate iron deficiency chlorosis scores
Journal:
Manuscript ID:
Journal of Plant Registrations
JPR-2015-02-0010-CRG
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Manuscript Type:
Date Submitted by the Author:
Complete List of Authors:
2. Crop Registration-Germplasm
26-Feb-2015
Keywords:
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Cianzio, Sylvia; Iowa State University, Dept. of Agronomy ; Iowa State
University, Dept. of Agronomy
Lundeen, Peter; Iowa State University, Agronomy
Bhattacharyya, Madan; Iowa State University, Agronomy
Swaminathan, Sivankumar; Iowa State Unviersity, Agronomy
Gebhart, Gregory; Iowa State University, Agronomy
Budnik, Ryan; Iowa State University, Agronomy
Rivera, Nieves; Iowa State University, Agronomy
Crop genetics, Soybean, Plant disease, Plant genetic resources
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SOYBEAN GERMPLASM
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Registration of AR11SDS Soybean Germplasm Resistance to Sudden Death Syndrome, Soybean Cyst
Nematode, and with adequate iron deficiency chlorosis scores
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S.R. Cianzio*, P. Lundeen, G. Gebhart, N. Rivera-Velez, M.K. Bhattacharyya, and S. Swaminathan
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*S.R. Cianzio, P. Lundeen, G. Gebhart, N. Rivera-Velez, M.K. Bhattacharyya, and S. Swaminathan,
Dept. of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1010.
* Corresponding author (scianzio@iastate.edu)
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Abstract
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Planting genetically resistant crops are an effective management strategy in crop
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production. The objective of the soybean breeding program for disease and pest resistances at Iowa
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State University (ISU) is to release germplasm possessing resistance to pathogens. AR11SDS (Reg.
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No.
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virguliforme, it is resistance to soybean cyst nematode caused by Heterodera glyicnes Ichinoe, and
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also possess adequate resistance to iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC). AR11SDS was developed at ISU,
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Project No. 4403 of the Agronomy Department, ISU Research foundation (ISURF) Docket # 3999.
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AR11SDS is a bulk of 60 F8:9 plants uniform in plant and seed traits, selected from the cross of
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‘Ripley’ x ‘IA2036’. Ripley is resistance to SDS, IA2036 is resistance to SCN. The cross was made at
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Ames, and generations were advanced at the ISU research site at the Isabela Substation, University
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of Puerto Rico, Isabela, P.R. AR11SDS was evaluated for yield from 2003 to 2006. SDS and SCN
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resistances were evaluated under greenhouse conditions and on infested field soils tests.
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Calcareous soils in field tests were used to evaluate IDC resistance. Five SDS resistance quantitative
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trait loci (QTLs) were inherited from Ripley, and one SCN resistance QTL from IA2036. Seed yield
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was similar to IA2068 and IA2065, and superior to ‘Dwight’. AR11SDS is of early- to mid-maturity
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group II, adapted to latitudes from 40 to 420 N. AR11SDS may serve breeding programs for its
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multiple resistances.
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, PI …………….) is highly resistance to Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium
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Planting genetically resistant crops are one of the most effective management strategies for
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crop production. The use resistant genotypes does not require additional inputs by the agribusiness
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enterprise, and contributes to maintain the ecological equilibrium. Other strategies such as the use
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of cultural practices to improve soil drainage and to reduce soil compaction as well as crop rotation
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are also appropriately used (Roy et al., 1997; Rupe et al., 1997).
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Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS) is an important yield deterrent to soybean [Glycine max (L.)
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Merrill] in most of the major soybean producing countries (Wrather et al., 2010). During the 1996 to
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2007 production years in the U.S., yield depression by SDS ranked second to fifth compared to all
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other soybean diseases occurring in the Midwestern soybean production region (Roy et al., 1997;
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Wrather and Koenning, 2009; Wrather et al., 2010). In soybean SDS was first identified in Arkansas,
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USA, in 1971. The disease spread to other soybean production regions in the U.S., and in 1994 it
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was first identified in southern Iowa (X.B. Yang, personal communication, 1994). Presently it is
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observed in all counties of the state of Iowa. Yield losses caused by SDS in Iowa peaked in 2010, due
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to the unfortunate coincidence of environmental factors such as climate (temperature and rain), soil
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conditions, and the opportunistic presence of the fungus (Robertson and Leandro, 2010).
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The disease caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium virguliforme (Fv), colonizes soybean
roots producing root rot (Aoki et al., 2003; Rupe, 1989). The pathogen also produces toxins that
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upon translocation to the leaves via the xylem cause foliar symptoms (Jin et al., 1996; Rupe , 1989).
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The majority of the resistant cultivars were initially developed for maturity groups IV and later,
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therefore in breeding for resistance to SDS in the northern U.S. it has been necessary to use later
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maturing resistance cultivars as donors crossed to high-yielding susceptible cultivars of early
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maturity groups (Cianzio et al., 2014).
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Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) caused by Heterodera glycines Ichinohe is another major pest
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in the state of Iowa and also throughout the entire soybean production region in the U.S. (G. Tylka,
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personal communication, ISU, 2014). In Iowa, the prevalent nematode race is 3 (HG types 0 and 7),
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as determined by the Extension Service at ISU. The nematodes damage the roots of the soybean
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plant, diminish plant growth causing stunted plant height, negatively impacting soybean yields
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(Wang et al., 2003).
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Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) in soybean may occur when certain genotypes are planted on
calcareous soils (Cianzio, 1999), because the genotypes differ in their ability to use soil Fe under high
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pH conditions (Weiss, 1943). The high pH values of some soils render the soil Fe present at the Fe+3
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stage unavailable to the plant due to impaired plant absorption thru the roots (Curie and Briat,
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2003; Mengel, 1994). Iron deficiency chlorosis affects commercial soybean fields, as soybean
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production moves north and west in the U.S., into soils with high concentrations of carbonate and
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salts (Coulombe et al., 1984). There are an estimated 4.5 million soybean acres at high risk for iron
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deficiency problems in the U.S. alone, distributed mainly in the eastern Dakotas, western
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Minnesota, and north–central Iowa (N. Hansen, personal communication, Colorado State University,
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2007). The IDC symptoms are evident in the interveinal tissue of young leaves, while the veins
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remain green (de Mooy, 1972). Some genotypes may recover during the growing season, however,
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yield is reduced whenever yellowing occurs (Niebur and Fehr, 1981).
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In some soils it is possible to encounter a combination of biotic stress-related problems such
as the presence of soybean cyst nematode and Fusarium virguliforme. In addition, abiotic stress
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factors such as IDC may also be present (Charlson et al., 2004). The occurrence of multiple yield
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deterrents in Iowa soils imposes the need to improve germplasm possessing genetic resistances to
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several stress factors. This was the objective of the ISU soybean breeding project for disease, pests,
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and abiotic resistance in releasing the germplasm line AR11SDS (Reg. No.
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is a germplasm line possessing resistance to SDS, to SCN, and adequate IDC scores. The seed yield of
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AR11SDS is similar to public cultivars IA2068 and IA2065, and it is superior to the cultivar ‘Dwight’
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(Nickell et al., 1998). AR11SDS is of early- to mid-maturity group (MG) II, two to three days later
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, PI
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than IA2068 and IA2065, and of similar maturity to Dwight. AR11SDS is adapted to latitudes from 40
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to 420 N, and resistance to SDS, to SCN HG type 0 and 7 (equivalent to SCN race 3), and it has
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adequate IDC resistance. AR11SDS may serve breeding programs for its combination of resistance
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traits and adequate yield.
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Materials and Methods
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Pedigree
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AR11SDS (experimental line AR03-263051) is an F3- derived F8:9 bulk from the cross of
‘Ripley’ x ‘IA2036’. Ripley (Cooper et al., 1990) is a high-yielding, lodging resistance determinate
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cultivar, jointly released by the USDA-ARS and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development
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Center in 1985. Ripley of MG IV and partially resistant to SDS, was derived from the cross of
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‘Hodgson’ x V68-1034. Hodgson (Lambert and Kennedy, 1975) is a selection from the cross of
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‘Corsoy’ x M372. V68-1034 is a selection from the cross of ‘York’ x PI 71506. IA2036 (Cianzio, S.R. et
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al. Intellectual Property Disclosure & Record – IA2036, ISURF Docket # 02599) is a cultivar released
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by Iowa State University in 1989 that possess excellent resistance to SCN, with equal or superior
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yield to widely-grown public varieties of similar maturity at the time of release. IA2036 was derived
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from the cross of ‘Jack’ x A86-301024. Jack (Nickell et al., 1990) is resistant to SCN derived from PI
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88788. A86-301024 is an Iowa State University advanced experimental line selected from the cross
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of A81-356022 x ’Hack’.
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Line Development and Evaluation of Traits in Iowa
The cross of Ripley x IA2036 was done in 2001 at the Agronomy and Research Farm at Ames,
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Iowa. The cross designated as AX17927 was part of a group of crosses made with the objective to
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develop high-yielding lines with resistance to SDS. Thirty seven F1 seeds were obtained. During the
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winter of 2000-2001, F1 and F2 seeds were planted at the ISU research site at the Isabela Substation,
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Univ. of Puerto Rico, at Isabela, P.R. Morphological markers (flower and pubescence colors) were
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used to confirm the hybrid nature of the F1 plants that were afterwards harvested in bulk. The F2
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and F3 generations were also advanced at the ISU research site in Puerto Rico. The F3 seed was
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harvested by equally sampling each F2 plant, three seeds per plant. In the summer of 2001, the F3
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seed was planted at Bruner Farm near Ames, IA, with the objective of harvesting F3-derived lines
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classified by maturity to obtain F3:4 lines. During the winter of 2002, the F3:4 lines were screened for
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SDS resistance/susceptibility under greenhouse conditions at the Cianzio laboratory, Agronomy
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Department Research Greenhouses, at Ames, IA.
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Field test evaluations were conducted in Iowa during 2002-04 using remnant seed of the F3:4
seed of the lines evaluated for resistance to SDS during the winter. In 2002, the lines were
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evaluated in the 1st yield test at one central location near Ames. The plots were one-row plots, 63
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cm long, planted at 8 seed per 30 cm-1, with two replications. The lines and control cultivars were
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randomized in a randomized complete block design. Agronomic data, namely plant height, lodging,
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and maturity date, along with seed yield were recorded. Each plot was individually harvested and
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the superior yielding lines were selected for further testing.
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Subsequent field tests were conducted at different Iowa locations in replicated experiments
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during 2003 and 2004. In 2003, the resistant F3-5 lines were evaluated in replicated tests on non-SDS
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infested soil at two Iowa locations, Kanawha and Crawfordsville. In 2004, the experimental line
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AR03-263051 was evaluated in the 3rd yield test at two locations, Kanawha in a different field than
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used in 2003, and at Marshalltown, IA. At each year-location environment combination, plots of the
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line and checks were two-row plots, 4.5 m long, spaced between rows by 80 cm, and planted with 8
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seed per 30 cm-1. The experimental line AR03-263051 at each location-year combination, always
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had superior yield to existing check varieties with adequate agronomic traits (data not shown).
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During each winter from 2002-2003 until 2004-2005, the line was screened for resistance to
SDS under greenhouse conditions at the Cianzio laboratory (data not shown). The protocol used
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was first developed at Iowa State University by X.B. Yang (personal communication, Iowa State
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University, 2002), modified by P. Lundeen (personal communication, Iowa State University, 2004),
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and later patented by D. Lightfoot at SIU (2007, Patent # 7,288,386). The patented screening test
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was used with permission. At each screening test, the experimental line AR03-263051 showed high
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levels of SDS resistance (data not shown).
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Line Evaluation at Regional Trials
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During 2005-2006, the experimental line AR03-263051 was evaluated in the Uniform
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Northern Regional Soybean Cyst Nematode tests, planted in replicated experiments throughout the
Northern soybean production region (T. Cary, personal communication, University of Illinois, 2005
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and 2006). Four-row plots were planted at several locations, on SCN-infested and in one non-
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infested soil. The two center rows were harvested to estimate yield. Experimental lines entered in
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the tests were also screened for their SDS and SCN resistances under greenhouse conditions and in
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field tests, and for their IDC reaction by plantings on fields with calcareous soil. Since 2007 the line
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has been used as a check genotype in the SDS Regional Tests, conducted at SIU, Carbondale, IL (J.
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Bond, personal communication, SIU, 2007).
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Agronomic and yield data were collected at each location. In addition seed composition,
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and SDS, SCN and IDC data were obtained at a smaller number of locations. On the basis of these
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and data accumulated over the years at the Iowa locations, the decision was made to release the
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experimental line AR03-263051 as a germplasm line with the identification of AR11SDS.
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Sudden Death Syndrome Disease Screening and Disease Assessment
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Screening for Sudden Death Syndrome Resistance under Greenhouse Conditions
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Screening tests were conducted at the Cianzio laboratory, Agronomy Department Research
Greenhouses at Ames, IA during the first two winters (data not shown). The lines were also
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evaluated for yield and agronomic traits in field plantings in the corresponding summers. In the
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greenhouse screenings, three isolates of F. virguliforme, “Clinton 1B” from Clinton County and two
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isolates from Scott County, “ScottF2I11a” or “Scott B2” were obtained from roots of SDS
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symptomatic plants from production fields in Clinton and Scott counties in Iowa. The screening
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protocol used has been previously described (Cianzio et al., 2014). The cups were maintained in the
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greenhouse bench at 20oC. Plants were watered once daily to maintain soil moisture. Three
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replications per genotype were valuated. The light bulbs used in the greenhouse were 400 W High
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Pressure Sodium, model Sylvania 67533-LU400/ECO-HPS.
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In the greenhouse, SDS symptoms were evaluated at 35 days after planting at vegetative
stages V3 to V4 (Fehr et al., 1971). Disease incidence (DI), disease severity (DS), and disease index
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(DX) were recorded (Bond and Schmidt, 2005). Disease incidence is the percentage of plants in plots
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showing leaf symptoms. Disease severity was scored on a 1-9 scale over all plants in a cup where 1
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= 1 to 10% of the leaf surface chlorotic; 2 = 11 to 20% of the leaf surface chlorotic or 6 to 10%
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necrotic; 3 = 21 to 40% of the leaf surface chlorotic or 11 to 20% necrotic; 4 = 41 to 60% of the leaf
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surface chlorotic or 21 to 40% necrotic; 5 = >60% of the leaf surface chlorotic or >40% necrotic; 6 =
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<one-third premature defoliation; 7 = one-third to two-thirds premature defoliation; 8 = >two-thirds
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premature defoliation; and 9 = plant death before normal defoliation due to senescence. Disease
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index is the ratio of DI x DS/ 9. Number of plants per cup was also recorded.
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Screening for SDS resistance in field conditions.
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The field tests conducted in Iowa were planted in fields where irrigation was available and,
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when possible, with a history of SDS. Plots were located at the Hinds Farm Experimental Research
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Station, near Ames, IA (Table 1). A randomized complete block design with three replications was
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used in each experiment, and the plantings were conducted on plots artificially inoculated with SDS.
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The inoculum was prepared at the Cianzio laboratory using white sorghum [Sorghum bicolor
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(L. Moench)] seed inoculated with a mixture of two isolates of F. virguliforme obtained from
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naturally infested fields in Iowa. Five-week old inoculum was sieved to a maximum size of 0.06 mm
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(1/4 inch) and placed in each of the soybean seed packets 48 h before planting. The amount of 4
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cm3 was used per 30 cm (1 ft.) of row in each of the two-row plots, 2.40 m (8 ft.) long.
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The DS scale in the field is the average percentage of total foliar surface lost to
necrosis/chlorosis on plants with symptoms on a plot basis. It was rated as 1 = 1 to 10% of the leaf
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surface chlorotic or 1 to 5% necrotic; 2 = 11 to 20% of the leaf surface chlorotic or 6 to 10% necrotic;
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3 = 21to 40% of the leaf surface chlorotic or 11 to 20% necrotic; 4 =41 to 60 % of the leaf surface
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chlorotic or 21 to 40% necrotic; 5 = >60% of the leaf surface chlorotic or > 40% necrotic; 6 = <one-
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third premature defoliation; 7 = one-third to two-thirds premature defoliation; 8 = >two thirds
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premature defoliation; and 9 = plant death before normal defoliation due to senescence.
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In the field tests, plots were rated when the majority of the plants in the row and in the test
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were at the R6 reproductive growth stage (Fehr et al., 1971). The disease incidence, and the disease
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severity were scored on a plot basis and the disease index was calculated as DX = DI x DS/9. In all
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SDS screening tests, susceptible and resistant genotypes were included as control cultivars. The
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control genotypes were the same as used in the SDS Soybean Variety Tests performed at SIU.
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SCN Nematode Screening and Resistance/Susceptibility Assessment
Data reported for SCN screening was done as part of the disease screenings conducted for
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all experimental lines planted at the SCN Uniform tests (Table 2). Screenings were conducted at
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Purdue University, and at the University of Illinois. The test at Purdue, IN, was done by bringing in
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SCN-infested soil from field locations, and using it to test each soybean line for resistance to the SCN
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population found in that field. The field populations were classified using the Race system (Schmitt
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and Shannon, 1992).
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The tests conducted at Illinois used sterilized sandy soil artificially inoculated with 1,000
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eggs (T. Niblack, personal communication, Ohio State University, 2005). Thirty days after
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inoculation, female cysts were washed from the roots and counted. The female index (FI) was
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calculated for each entry by dividing the mean number of cysts on the entry by the mean number of
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cysts on the susceptible check ‘Lee 74’ (Caviness et al., 1975) multiplied by 100. The line reactions
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to soybean cyst populations were characterized using the HG Type nomenclature (Niblack et al.,
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2002).
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Iron Deficiency Chlorosis – Assessment
The data reported for IDC is also part of the screenings conducted in all experimental lines
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at the SCN Uniform tests (T. Cary, personal communication, University of Illinois, 2005 and 2006).
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The tests were conducted by the Minnesota and Iowa collaborators (Table 3). At Minnesota, plots
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were 0.9 m long with 75 cm distance between rows (J. Orf, personal communication, Univ. of
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Minnesota-St. Paul, 2014), replicated three times at each of two locations. At Iowa, the tests were
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conducted by the Cianzio laboratory. Each genotype was planted in hill plots, 0.75 m long (30" in
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rows), spaced at 30 cm (12 in) within the row. Each hill was planted with five seeds per hill at two
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high pH field locations. One location was located on the Harps soil type and the other on the
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Canisteo soil type, the soil pH ranged from 7.5 to 8.0. A Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design
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with two replications was used at each location.
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The IDC scores were recorded at each location approximately four weeks after planting at
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the V2 to V3 (Fehr et al., 1971) plant growth stage and again at five weeks after planting at the V3 to
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V4 growth stage. The scores from each genotype-location were averaged and an overall rating was
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assigned to each plot. The IDC score is rated on a scale of 1 to 5 with 1 = no chlorosis, normal green
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plants; 2 = slight yellowing of upper leaves and the leaf veins and with the interveinal area not
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showing a differentiation in the color; 3 = interveinal chlorosis in the upper leaves while no obvious
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stunning of growth or death of tissue observed; 4 = chlorosis of the upper leaves observed along
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with some apparent stunning of growth or necrosis of tissue; and 5 = plant death due to IDC
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(Cianzio, 1999). One genotype highly resistant and one genotype susceptible to IDC also were
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included in each of the experiments as checks.
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Statistical Analysis
Statistical analyses were run using PROC ANOVA, SAS Version 9.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC,
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2000) and Fisher’s protected LSDs for plot data. The conduct of the analyses were similar to
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previously reported (Cianzio et al., 2014). The term of genotype x environment was used to
estimate error variances for traits in the SCN regional trials (P. Dixon, personal communication, ISU,
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2009). Fisher’s protected LSDs were calculated for regional trials by summing individual location
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estimates of the error variances from each location CV. The estimated variance was then used to
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calculate Fisher’s protected LSD. The LSD for all traits evaluated in Iowa were calculated using
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standard ANOVA analysis.
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For the SDS diseases index and similar to previous research (Cianzio et al., 2014), combined
LSD across locations and years was not calculated because of the highly variable disease levels
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across locations and years. Seed traits were scored by bulking six individual samples per genotype;
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therefore, no statistical analyses was conducted.
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Molecular Analysis
Molecular analysis was conducted for the experimental line AR03-263051 to detect the
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presence of the SDS resistance QTLs specific to Ripley. A PCR based molecular marker analysis was
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used. The seeds of AR03-263051, Ripley and IA2036 were grown in the greenhouse and leaf
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samples were collected for DNA extraction and analysis.
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Genomic DNA was isolated according to the CTAB extraction method (CIMMYT, 2005). DNA
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was isolated from leaf samples of five plants separately from each genotype (experimental line and
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parents) and each of the five samples were treated as five replications. The final DNA pellet was re-
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suspended in 300 µL of 1X TE buffer pH8.0 and stored at – 20 º C until further use. DNA quality was
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checked by running two µL of the DNA on 1% agarose gel. Also, DNA quantity was estimated by
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running 1 Kb DNA ladder (NEB Inc., MA, USA) along with the genomic DNA (not shown). The DNA
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was diluted with sterile water and 20 ng were used as template for 10 µL of PCR run. The PCR
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amplification was performed using a thermal cycler program of 2 min at 94ºC, 38 cycles of
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denaturation at 94ºC for 30 s, annealing at 50ºC for 30 s, and extension at 72ºC for 1 min. A 10-min
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extension at 72ºC followed the last cycle. The PCR reaction mixtures included 2 mM MgCl2 (Bioline,
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MA, USA), 0.25 µM each of forward and reverse primer (Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc., IA, USA),
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2 µM dNTPs and 0.5 U Choice Taq DNA Polymerase (Denville Scientific, Inc., NJ, USA).
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Five SDS QTLs identified in Ripley as associated with resistance were used in the molecular
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analysis. The QTLs belong to five different linkage groups (LG): LG L, Glycine max (Gm) chromosome
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19; LG O (Gm10); LG D2 (Gm17); LG A2 (Gm08) and LG N (Gm03). Specific SDS resistance QTL
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markers for four of the QTLs were obtained from the published literature (Kazi et al., 2008 and Neto
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et al., 2007). Three markers, Satt156, Satt166 and Satt448 are linked to the QTL located on LG L
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(qFDS002-03) (Neto et al., 2007). The markers linked to LG D2 QTL (cqSDS001), are Satt311 and
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Satt226 (Neto et al., 2007). The marker Satt187 is linked to the QTL on LG A2 (qFDS003-06), whereas
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the marker Satt631 is associated with the QTL on LG N (qSDS002) (Hashmi, 2004; Kazi et al., 2008).
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Two markers, Satt188 and Satt262 are linked to the LG O QTL (T. I. Pruski, unpublished information,
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B. W. Diers lab, University of Illinois).
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The molecular markers for the two SCN-resistance QTL located on LG J (Gm 16) and LG G
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(Gm 18) specific to the SCN resistant parent IA2036 (SCN resistance donor PI 88788) were designed
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at the Cianzio laboratory based on the information provided in previous publications (Chang et al.,
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2011; Glover et al., 2004). Two markers, Satt244 and Satt547 are linked to LG J (Qscn3-3), whereas
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marker Satt275 is associated with the QTL that belongs to LG G (Qscn3-2). Sequences of the
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molecular markers were obtained from the “Soybase” database (http://www.soybase.org/).
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PCR was done in MyCycler (BioRad Inc., CA, USA). The amplified products were resolved on a
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4% agarose gel along with either 50 bp or 100 bp DNA ladder (NEB Inc., MA, USA) by running at 150
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V for 7 hour. The ethidium bromide stained PCR products were visualized following illumination with
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UV light.
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Seed Purification
Seed purification of AR11SDS began at the Agronomy Farm Research Center, near Ames, IA
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in 2007. To obtain breeder seed and seed for increases, 60 individual F8:9 plants were harvested
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being uniform in maturity, flower and pubescence colors, and agronomic and seed traits. During
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the winter of 2008, seed derived from the 60 individual plants were checked for hilum color before
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bulking the F8:9 seed for release.
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This seed source is maintained by the ISU soybean breeding project for disease resistance,
available for research and distribution. The line has been publicly released by the Iowa State
17
University Research Foundation (ISURF) under ISURF Docket # 3999, identified as AR11SDS.
On
16
19
Characteristics
ly
18
20
21
22
Sudden Death Syndrome Resistance
Disease resistance of AR11SDS measured as DX at each of four consecutive years from 2007
23
to 2010, indicates the line is resistance to SDS (Table 1). Each year, AR11SDS was one of the more
24
resistant line in the tests. In some years, it was even more resistant than at least one of the SDS
25
resistant checks, and comparable in its resistance to the best current resistant check. Every year
26
when AR11SDS was planted in the same test as SB2859, DX index of the ISU line was superior to the
5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711
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Journal of Plant Registrations
13
1
control cultivar SB2859, except in 2008 at the Ames location, in IA. Depending on the year and
2
location AR11SDS had or slightly less resistance to SDS than 233+RR, the best SDS check in the tests.
3
It is to be noticed however, that both genotypes had variable resistance depending on locations and
4
years, suggesting a complex interaction between the environments and the resistance QTLs
5
AR11SDS has. Overall, the AR11SDS resistance to SDS indicates this is a valuable genotype in the
6
early maturity groups for use as a donor source of resistance.
7
9
r
Fo
8
Soybean Cyst Nematode Resistance
In the tests conducted at Purdue, Indiana, AR11SDS performed as moderately resistance to
Race 3 in 2005, and resistance to Race 3 in 2006 (Table 2). In 2006, AR11SDS also showed resistance
11
to other four races identified on infested soils in Indiana, Races 1, 3, 5, and 6.
12
Re
10
In the tests conducted at Illinois, AR11SDS was resistance to populations HG Type 0 in 2005
vi
and HG Type 7 in 2006 (equated in both cases to Race 3 in the race classification) (Table 2). Under
14
the HG Type system, AR11SDS was not resistant to HG Type 2.5.7 equated to Race 1 according to the
15
race system. This result was observed in 2005 and 2006. The results support the claim that the
16
germplasm line AR11SDS in addition to being highly resistant to SDS also possess resistance to at
17
least one population/race of the nematode, identified as Race 3, HG Type 0, and 7.
20
Iron Deficiency Chlorosis – Abiotic Factor Resistance Assessment
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19
On
18
ew
13
The IDC scores of AR11SDS were adequate in three of the environments in which the line
21
was evaluated, the two states-locations in 2005 and in the Iowa location in 2006 (Table 3). AR11SDS
22
however, did not perform well in the Minnesota location in 2006. On the average, results indicate
23
that AR11SDS may possess some favorable genes for resistance to IDC. The genes depending on
24
environmental conditions in the planting location, could provide protection in soils where iron is not
25
in the available chemical state (Fe+2) that is adequate for root absorption by some genotypes. The
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14
1
IDC symptom expression has been shown to interact with the environmental conditions at the
2
location in which lines are evaluated (Cianzio, 1999).
3
4
5
Yield and Agronomic Performance
AR11SDS had average yield performance within or close to the nearest 50% superior range
of all the lines included in the 2005 and 2006 tests that were evaluated in the SCN-infested and non-
7
infested soils (Table 4). The ranking of the line ranged from being 6 among 28 genotypes in 2005, to
8
13 among 24 genotypes in 2006 when evaluated on SCN-infested soil. In 2005, AR11SDS under
9
infested conditions yielded better than the average of the checks in the tests, and even superior to
10
some of the other public soybean cultivars resistant to SCN, IA2068 and IA1008. Although the yield
11
observed in 2006 was less than in 2005, AR11SDS had better yield than the average of the checks.
12
Under non-infested conditions the yield of AR11SDS placed it in a superior rank place compared to
13
some of the checks. In 2005, AR11SDS was higher yielding than IA1008 and Dwight. In 2006,
14
AR11SDS yielded better than IA1021, IA2065, and Dwight. This observation, however, needs to be
15
considered with caution, it resulted from only one test location at each of the two years.
ew
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Averaged over the two years, 2005 and 2006, AR11SDS was four days later than IA2068,
On
16
r
Fo
6
three days later than IA2065, and of similar maturity to Dwight. In 2005 and in 2006, AR11SDS
18
ranged in maturity from four to five days later than IA2068, and from three to four days later than
19
IA2065, two public cultivars also of maturity group II that were evaluated in the same tests. Lodging
20
scores and plant height of AR11SDS were comparable to other genotypes in the tests, with AR11SDS
21
showing a tendency to be taller than the checks.
ly
17
22
23
24
25
Botanical Description and Seed Traits
AR11SDS (Experimental line AR03-263051) is of early to mid-MG II. It has purple flowers,
gray pubescence, brown pods, seeds with buff hila, yellow seed coat, and dull seed coat luster.
5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711
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1
Seed traits, such as seed quality scores, and seed size of AR11SDS averaged over 2005-2006
2
were comparable to public cultivars (Table 5). The protein content of AR11SDS was higher than the
3
checks. Under the environmental conditions in which the line was evaluated, there seems to be an
4
advantage that favors the protein content of the germplasm line. Oil content was slightly less than
5
two of the checks and comparable to Dwight.
6
7
r
Fo
8
Molecular Analysis of SDS and SCN Resistance
There were six molecular markers associated with SDS resistance in Ripley for which the
two parents were polymorphic, Satt166, Satt187, Satt226, Satt262, Satt311 and Satt631 (Figures 1a
10
to 1f). The markers Satt311 and Satt226 are linked together and represent the same QTL on LG D2.
11
The PCR products of each of the six markers were similar in size between the AR11SDS germplasm
12
line and the Ripley parent (Figures 1a – 1f). In contrast, the PCR product size for the mentioned six
13
markers was different when compared to the other parent of the line IA2036, the SDS susceptible
14
cultivar. Trends were similar in each of the three plants from AR11SDS that were individually
15
analyzed and considered as replications. There were two markers, Satt188 and Satt448 that in spite
16
of being associated with SDS resistance in the Ripley parent, were not polymorphic between the two
17
parents of AR11SDS gemrplasm line. Similar results and the lack of polymorphism in the same
18
markers has also been noticed earlier at the Diers’ laboratory, while screening for SDS resistance
19
QTL considered specific to Ripley (B. W. Diers, unpublished information, University of Illinois, 2007).
20
Our molecular analysis clearly demonstrated that the five SDS resistance QTLs from Ripley were
21
transferred to its progeny, the germplasm line ARS11SDS.
ew
vi
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22
Re
9
Similarly, three molecular markers specific to two SCN resistance QTLs were tested. Two
23
markers, Satt275 and Satt547 representing the QTL at linkage group G and J, respectively were
24
polymorphic between the two parents of the germplasm line (Figure 2). The marker Satt244 was
25
not polymorphic between the parents, therefore it was not used in the analysis. Of the two
5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711
Journal of Plant Registrations
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16
1
polymorphic markers, only Satt275 PCR products were similar in size between AR11SDS and IA2036
2
(Figure 2), which indicates that the resistant QTL at LG G in AR11SDS was inherited from IA2036.
3
There was no evidence that the resistance QTL on LG J had been transferred from IA2036 to
4
AR11SDS.
5
6
Discussion
AR11SDS soybean germplasm is the second germplasm line developed and released by Iowa
8
State University. The germplasm line AR11SDS is a half-sib of AR10SDS, both share Ripley as the SDS
9
resistant donor parent. Although research has not been conducted yet to directly compare the two
r
Fo
7
germplams lines, the observations suggest that AR11SDS appears to have superior SDS resistance
11
than AR10SDS. A possible explanation of the differences in SDS resistance between the two
12
germplasms could relate to the fact that AR11SDS inherited additional QTLs from Ripley than those
13
inherited by AR10SDS (Cianzio et al., 2014). IAR10SDS inherited three QTLs, each representing
14
Linkage Groups (LG) L, A2 and N. AR11SDS inherited five QTLs and six markers from Ripley each
15
representing LGs L (Satt166 marker), A2 (Satt187 marker), D2 (Satt226 and Satt311 markers), O
16
(Satt262 marker), and N (Satt631 marker). Linkage group D2, and LG O are additional linkage groups
17
present in AR11SDS that had not been observed in AR10SDS. This observation suggests that
18
different linkage groups associated with SDS resistance may contribute differently to the final
19
expression of the SDS resistance trait.
ew
vi
On
ly
20
Re
10
A thought of caution has to be considered in this discussion however, since the genetic
21
background of the susceptible parent is different in each of the two germplasm lines. To be able to
22
establish a true comparison on the relative importance of the different linkage groups associated
23
with SDS resistance, it would be necessary to introgress each of the linkage groups and associated
24
QTLs on the same genetic backgrounds, such as the development of near-isogenic lines, only
5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711
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Journal of Plant Registrations
17
1
differing in the QTL that was introgressed. Only then these observations may be proven and
2
interpreted.
3
4
5
Seed Availability
Seeds of AR11SDS has been deposited with the National Plant Germplasm System, and will
be available from that source 20 years from the date of publication. Seed for research and breeding
7
purposes may be obtained directly from Iowa State University by contacting Silvia R. Cianzio, and
8
requesting ISURF Docket # 3999. Material Transfer Agreement (MTA) will be signed between both
9
parties after which seed will be made available.
r
Fo
6
10
Re
Acknowledgements. The line was developed with funds provided by the Iowa Soybean Association, the North Central
Soybean Research Program, and the United Soybean Board. Funds were assigned to ISU Soybean Breeding Project for
disease and pest resistance. Additional funds were also provided by the Agric. and Home Econ. Expt. Sta., Iowa State
University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1010. Appreciation is extended to Mr. Troy Cary, coordinator of the SCN Uniform Regional
Tests, for his work, attention to detail and collaboration in preparing and summarizing data corresponding to the tests.
Appreciation is also extended to Ms. Cathy Schmidt, coordinator of the SDS Uniform Regional Tests, for her work, attention
to detail and collaboration in preparing and summarizing data corresponding to the tests. Data summarized by Ms.
Schmidt and Mr. Cary have been used in this registration article, with permission and it is greatly appreciated. Continuous
support to conduct SCN regional tests is provided to the Illinois Crop and Soil Department, Univ. of Illinois by the United
Soybean Board. And our appreciation is also extended to both organizations.
ew
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11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
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22
References
24
Aoki, T., K. O’Donnell, Y. Homma, and A.R. Lattanzi. 2003. Sudden death syndrome of soybean is
25
caused by two morphologically and phylogenetically distinct species within the Fusarium
26
solani species complex—F. virguliforme in North America and F. tucumaniae in South
27
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Bond, J. and C. Schmidt. 2006. 2006 regional SDS final report, SIU, Carbondale, IL. Southern Illinois
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Chang, W., L. Dong, Z. Wnag, H. Yu, Y. Han, W. Teng, H. Zhang, M. Guo, and W. Li. 2011. QTL
2
underlying resistance to two HG types of Heterodera glycines found in soybean cultivar ‘L-
3
10’. BMC Genomics 12:233-245. Doi:10.1186/1471-2164-12-233
4
Charlson, D.V, T.B. Bailey, S.R. Cianzio, and R.C. Shoemaker. 2004. Breeding soybean for resistance
5
to iron deficiency chlorosis and soybean cyst nematode. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 50:1055-1062.
Cianzio, S.R. 1999. Breeding crops for improved nutrient efficiency: Soybean and Wheat as case
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studies. p. 267-287. In Z. Rengel (ed.) Mineral Nutrition of Crops. Haworth Press, Inc., New
8
York, London, Oxford.
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12
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Coulombe, B.A., R.L. Chaney, W.J. Weibold. 1984. Bocarbonate directly induces iron chlorosis in
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216:541-551.
De Moy, J.C. 1972. Iron deficiency in soybeans. What can be done? Report No. 531, Iowa
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Schmitthenner. 1990. Registration of ‘Ripley’ soybean. Crop Sci. 30: 963.
On
16
Cooper, R.L., R.J. Martin, B.A. McBlain, R. J. Fioritto, S.K. St. Martin, A. Calip-DuBois, and A.F.
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Edition. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT. p 2-4.
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CIMMYT. 2005. Laboratory Protocols: CIMMYT Applied Molecular Genetics Laboratory. Third
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11
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6
Fehr, W.R., C.E. Caviness, D.T. Burmood, and J.S. Pennington.
1971.
Stage of development
descriptions for soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merrill. Crop Sci. 11:929-931.
Glover, K.D., D. Wang, P.R. Arelli, S.R. Carlson, S.R. Cianzio, and B.W. Diers. 2004. Near isogenic lines
22
confirm a soybean cyst nematode resistance gene from PI 88788 on linkage group J. Crop
23
Sci. 44:936–941.
24
25
Hashmi, R.Y. 2004. Inheritance of resistance to soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) in Ripley x
Spencer F5 derived lines. Ph.D. diss., Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale.
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1
Jin, H., G.L. Hartman, C.D. Nickell, and J.M. Widholm. 1996a. Characterization and purification of a
2
phytotoxin produced by Fusarium solani, the causal agent of soybean sudden death
3
syndrome. Phytopathology 86:277–282.
4
Kazi, S, J. Shultz, J. Afzal, J. Johnson, V.N. Njiti, and D.A. Lightfoot. 2008. Separate loci
5
underlie resistance to root infection and leaf scorch during soybean sudden death
6
syndrome. Theor. Appl. Genet., 116(7):967-977
8
9
10
15:735.
Mengel, K. 1994. Iron availability in plant tissues-Iron chlorosis on calcareous soils. 1994. Plant and
Soil 165:275-283.
Re
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Lambert, J. W. and B. W. Kennedy. 1975. Registration of Evans and ‘Hodgson’ soybean. Crop Sci.
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Fo
7
Neto, ALD, R. Hashmi, M. Schmidt, S.R. Carlson, G.L. Hartman, S.X. Li, R.L. Nelson, and B.D. Diers.
2007. Mapping and conformation of a new sudden death syndrome resistance QTL on
13
linkage group D2 from the soybean genotypes PI 567374 and ‘Ripley’. Mol. Breed. 20: 53-
14
62.
ew
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Niblack, T.L., P.R. Arelli, G.R. Noel, C.H. Opperman, J.H. Orf, D.P. Schmitt, J.G. Shannon, and G.L.
Tylka.
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Heterodera glycines. J. of Nemat. 34:279-288.
19
20
21
22
A revised classification scheme for genetically diverse populations of
Nickell, C.D., G.R. Noel, T.R. Cary, and D.J. Thomas. 1998. Registration of ‘Dwight’ soybean. Crop
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2002.
On
16
Sci. 38:1398.
Nickell, C.D., Noel, G. R., and Waller, R. 1990. Registration of ‘Jack’ soybean. Crop Sci. 30:13641365.
Niebur, W.S. and W.R. Fehr. 1981. Agronomic evaluation of soybean genotypes resistant to iron
23
deficiency chlorosis. Crop Sci. 21:551-554.
24
doi:10.2135/criosci1981.0011183X002100040019x
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Robertson, A., and L. Leandro. 2010. Answers to questions about soybean sudden death syndrome
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Roy, K.W., J.C. Rupe, D.E. Hershman, and T.S. Abney. 1997. Sudden death syndrome of soybean.
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sudden death syndrome. Plant Dis. 73:581-584.
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of Fusarium solani and Heterodera glycines and on the development of sudden death
9
syndrome of soybean. Crop Protection 16:575-580.
SAS Institute. 2000. SAS for Windows. Release 9.2. SAS Inst., Cary, NC.
11
Schmidt, D.P., and G. Shannon. 1992. Differentiating soybean responses to Heterodera glycines
12
races. Crop Sci. 32:275-277. doi:10.2135/cropsci1992.0011183X003200010056x
13
Wang, J., T.L. Niblac, J.A. Tremain, W.J. Weibold, G.L. Tylka, C.C. Marett, G.R. Noel, O. Myers, and
ew
vi
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10
14
M.E. Schmidt. 2003. Soybean cyst nematode reduces soybean yield without causing
15
obvious aboveground symptoms. Plant Dis. 87:623-628.
17
19
20
28:253-268.
Wrather, J.A., and S.R. Koenning. 2009. Effects of diseases on soybean yields in the United States
ly
18
Weiss, M.G. 1943. Inheritance and physiology of efficiency in iron utilization in soybeans. Genetics
On
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1996 to 2007. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2009-0401-01-RS.
Wrather, J.A., G. Shannon, R. Balardin, L. Carregal, R. Escobar, G.K. Gupta, Z. Ma, W. Morel, D.
21
Ploper, and A. Tenuta. 2010. Effect of diseases on soybean yield in the top eight producing
22
countries in 2006. Online. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2010-0125-01-RS.
23
24
25
26
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Table 1. Average SDS Disease Index (DX) of AR11SDS (Experimental line AR03-263051) and cultivars
evaluated in fields in Iowa, Illinois and Minnesota. Tests were replicated. Plots were of different
sizes depending on location. The data has been extracted from the 2007 through 2010 Northern
5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711
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Journal of Plant Registrations
21
1
2
Regional Sudden Death Syndrome Tests, published by the Southern Illinois University, Agricultural
Research Center, Carbondale, Illinois, and used with permission.
+
Line & cultivars
Waseca,
MN
Line
AR11SDS
Cultivars
SB2859 (SDS)
233+RR (SDS)
H-2494 RR
Line
AR11SDS
Beck 299N
LSD(0.05)
7
19
1
31
25
16
22
13
0
21
36
8
10
Havana, IL
Ames, IA
1
15
2
1
17
9
3
9
9
0
39
39
16
13
43
8
90
71
39
20
‡§
2008 18 genotypes evaluated
7
2
13
2
20
33
11
11
18
1
22
6
7
15
vi
Average*
0
Ames, IA
Re
Cultivars
SB2859 (SDS)
233+RR (SDS)
H-2494 RR
4
r
Fo
Beck 299N
Average*
LSD(0.05)
Disease Index scores by location
§
2007 14 genotypes evaluated
Paris, IL
Streator, IL
Urbana, IL
‡§
2009 18 genotypes evaluated
Beck 299N
Average*
12
4
19
5
29
41
17
15
34
4
26
30
18
19
Harrow,
ONT
Ames, IA
Kanawha, IA
0
0
0
1
0
4
14
0
ly
LSD(0.05)
Ames, IA
On
Cultivars
SB2859 (SDS)
233+RR (SDS)
H-2494 RR
ew
Line
AR11SDS
Havana, IL
2010§ 27 genotypes evaluated
Line
AR11SDS
Cultivars
LD06-30504RA
(SDS)
233+RR (SDS)
H-2494 RR
3
4
5
Urbana, IL
11
2
1
1
28
15
27
36
Beck 299N
5
7
23
26
Average*
6
3
6
8
LSD(0.05)
15
10
11
12
+
Disease index (DX) = (DI x DS)/9, where DI = disease incidence and DS = disease severity.
‡
Kanawha, 2008 and 2009, and Waseca, 2009, averages not included due to low disease indexes of susceptible checks.
There was not enough disease pressure to differentiate lines.
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Journal of Plant Registrations
Page 22 of 27
22
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
§
In 2007 there were 14 entries in the test, including checks; in 2008 and 2009there were 18 entries in the test including
checks; in 2010 there were 27 entries in the test including checks.
Table 2. Average soybean cyst nematode (SCN) screening in greenhouse conditions of AR11SDS
(Experimental line AR03-263051) and cultivars evaluated in Indiana and Illinois. Tests were
replicated. Greenhouse methods and SCN populations varied between locations. The data has been
extracted from the 2005 and 2006 Northern Regional Soybean Cyst Nematode Tests, published by
the Univ. of Illinois, Dept. of Crop Sciences, Urbana, Illinois, and used with permission. For
information on screening methods, refer to the 2005 and 2006 Northern Regional Soybean Cyst
Nematode reports.
Line and cultivars
r
Fo
IN greenhouse SCN screening
Pulaski
Race 3
Line
AR11SDS
Jasper
+
Reaction
Race 1
Tippecanoe
MS
MR
3
HR
88
NR
MS
MR
S
MR
1
5
44
3
HR
HR
LR
HR
76
65
65
51
NR
NR
NR
LR
MR
FI
Race 1
R
R
MS
R
S
MS
S
S
vi
Re
§
Cultivars
IA2068 (SCN)
IA1008 (I) (SCN)
IA2065
Dwight (L)(SCN)
IL greenhouse SCN screening
2005
Ŧ
€
Ŧ
Reaction
HG Type 0 (Race 3)
^
FI
Reaction
HG Type 2.5.7 (Race 1)
Race 6
Line
AR11SDS
ew
2006
Tippecanoe
White
Reaction
Race 1
+
Vigo
Race 5
Race 3
R
R
R
S
MS
R
R
S
S
MR
R
S
MS
R
§
Cultivars
IA2068 (SCN)
IA1021 (I)
IA2065
Dwight (L)(SCN)
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
+
R
MS
S
R
10
3
56
65
8
Ŧ
^
FI
Reaction
HG Type 2.5.7 (Race 1)
R
56
LR
HR
LR
NR
HR
33
56
82
36
MR
LR
NR
MR
ly
R
€
On
R
Ŧ
FI
Reaction
HG Type 7 (Race 3)
R = resistant; S = susceptible; MR = moderately resistant; MS = moderately susceptible. Tests in Indiana were conducted
on infested soil brought in from infested fields.
Ŧ
FI = female index. Tests conducted at Illinois were done by artificially inoculating sterile sandy soil with 1,000 eggs. §
IA2068, Dwight and IA1008 are SCN resistant; IA1021, and IA2065 are SCN-susceptible
€
HR = highly resistant; R = resistant; MR = moderately resistant; LR = low resistant; NR = no effective resistance
Table 3. Average iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) of AR11SDS (Experimental line AR03-263051) and
cultivars evaluated in fields in Iowa and Minnesota. Tests were replicated. The data has been
extracted from the 2005 and 2006 Northern Regional Soybean Cyst Nematode Tests, published by
the Univ. of Illinois, Dept. of Crop Sciences, Urbana, Illinois, and used with permission. See Northern
Regional Soybean Cyst Nematode report for information on screening methods.
5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711
Page 23 of 27
Journal of Plant Registrations
23
Line
and cultivars
IDC
†
Score
Iowa
Score
Minnesota
2005
Line
AR11SDS
2.4
2.3
2.7
3.4
2.9
3.2
1.8
2.2
2.2
2.0
‡
Cultivars
IA2068 (SCN)
IA1008 (I) (SCN)
IA2065
Dwight (L) (SCN)
2006
‡
Cultivars
IA2068 (SCN)
IA1021 (I)
IA2065
Dwight (L) (SCN)
1.7
3.1
2.1
2.6
2.4
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.6
3.1
†
IDC = iron deficiency chlorosis; 1 = no chlorosis, normal green plants; 2 = slight yellowing of upper leaves and the leaf
veins and with the interveinal area not showing a differentiation in the color; 3 = interveinal chlorosis in the upper leaves
while no obvious stunning of growth or death of tissue observed; 4 = chlorosis of the upper leaves observed along with
some apparent stunning of growth or necrosis of tissue; and 5 = plant death due to IDC. At every state, tests were planted
in two locations, each with two replications in Iowa, and three replications in Minesotta. Data reported are averages over
locations.
‡
IA2068, IA1008 and Dwight are SCN resistant; IA1021 and IA2065 are SCN-susceptible
ew
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Re
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2
3
4
5
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8
9
r
Fo
Line
AR11SDS
On
ly
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Journal of Plant Registrations
Page 24 of 27
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Table 4. Average seed yield and agronomic performance of AR11SDS (Experimental line AR03263051), and cultivars evaluated in the northern region of the U.S., in 2005-2006. Tests were
replicated and planted on SCN-infested and non-infested soils. Plots were multiple rows of different
sizes depending on location, with the middle two rows harvested for yield. The data was extracted
from the 2005 and 2006 SCN UTII Northern Regional Soybean Cyst Nematode Uniform Tests,
published by the Univ. of Illinois, Dept. of Crop Sciences, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, and used with
permission.
Line and Cultivars
Yield kg ha
Infested Rank
# of tests
10
r
Fo
Line
AR11SDS
4197
# of tests
13
9-24
1.8
94
3874
5
9-19
3470
15
9-17
3907
3
9-20
3329
18
9-24
3423
3645
188
.05591
§
2006 24 genotypes evaluated
1
10
2.0
1.6
1.5
1.9
81
89
79
86
14
11
9
5037
6
9-25
1.6
99
3658
8
2999
3147
3564
3484
3342
242
.0336
8
23
22
14
5319
4721
4775
4042
4741
4714
323
.1484
2
13
12
23
9-21
9-13
9-22
9-25
1.4
1.5
1.3
1.3
81
76
76
84
26
21
1.9
97
23
3891
2
7
4341
ly
8
9
10
11
12
3645
On
Cultivars
10
13
# of tests
Line
AR11SDS
12
3584
Ŧ
Cultivars
IA2068 (SCN)
IA1021 (I)
IA2065
Dwight(L)(SCN)
Average
Average of Checks
Std Error of Difference
CV (Means Difference)
Plant height
cm
ew
Line
AR11SDS
11
26
20
2
Lodging
+
score
vi
4109
3732
3907
4317
4045
4008
175
.03424
Maturity date
month-day
1 Sept. = day 1
Non Infested Rank
§
2005 28 genotypes evaluated
1
11
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CultivarsŦ
IA2068 (SCN)
IA1008 (I) (SCN)
IA2065
Dwight(L)(SCN)
Average
Average of Checks
Std Error of Difference
CV (Means Difference)
6
-1
2005 – 2006 - 2 year summary
21
4
9-24
Ŧ
IA2068 (SCN)
3884
8
4597
2
9-20
1.7
IA2065
3527
9
4341
4
9-21
1.4
Dwight (L) (SCN)
3941
8
3685
9
9-25
1.6
Average
3762
4082
Average of Checks
3638
4180
Std Error of Difference
40
135
CV (Means Difference)
.0109
.0328
+
1 = All plants erect, 5 = All plants prostrate
Ŧ
IA2068, Dwight and IA1008 are SCN resistant; IA1021 and IA2065 are SCN-susceptible.
§
In 2005, 28 entries were planted in the test , including checks; in 2006, there were a total of 24 entries in the test
including checks.
5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711
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Journal of Plant Registrations
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Table 5. Average seed size (weight), seed quality and seed composition of AR11SDS (Experimental
line AR03-263051) and cultivars. Moisture content of the seed was determined, and seed
composition was adjusted to a 13% moisture basis. The data has been extracted from the 2005 and
2006 SCN UTII and averaged over the two-years, from the Northern Regional Soybean Cyst
Nematode Uniform Tests, published by the Univ. of Illinois, Dept. of Crop Sciences, Urbana, Illinois,
and is used with permission.
7
Line and cultivars
Seed
†
-----------------------------13% moisture --------------------------------------
# of test
Line
AR11SDS
+
Ŧ
Oil
g kg-1
19
2005-06 two year averages
23
21
21
2.3
13.4
405
195
2.5
2.0
2.2
13.7
14.9
14.1
367
389
396
208
223
194
IA2068 and Dwight are resistant to SCN; IA2065 is SCN sensitive.
Seed quality score considers amount and degree of wrinkling, defective seed coat,
greenishness, and moldy or rotten seed, 1 = Very good to 5 = Very poor.
12
a
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11
Protein
g kg-1
Re
CultivarsŦ
IA2068 (SCN)
IA2065
Dwight (L) (SCN)
Weight
g 100sd.-1
r
Fo
Quality
scoreŦ
LG L
b
On
ly
13
14
5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711
LG O
Journal of Plant Registrations
Page 26 of 27
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LG D2
c
LG D2
f
LG N
r
Fo
d
1
e
Re
2
LG A2
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Fig. 1. Agarose gel photographs of PCR products of AR11SDS (AR1, AR2, AR3), IA2036
(IA1, IA2, IA3) and Ripley (RP1, RP2, RP3) with different molecular markers. Three
replications were included for each genotype. Either 50 or 100 bp DNA ladder (M) from
New England Biolabs was loaded in each gel to show the size of the PCR products. Markers
(a) Satt166, (b) Satt262, (c) Satt226 (d) Satt311, (e) Satt187, and (f) Satt631 are associated
with SDS resistance and were polymorphic on AR11SDS and the resistance loci were
inherited from Ripley. The linkage group (LG) of each marker is shown on the top of each
figure.
5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711
Page 27 of 27
Journal of Plant Registrations
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LG G
a
r
Fo
3
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13
On
12
Fig. 2. Agarose gel photographs of PCR products of AR11SDS (AR1, AR2, AR3), IA2036
(IA1, IA2, IA3) and Ripley (RP1, RP2, RP3) with different molecular markers. Three
replications were included for each genotype. 100 bp DNA ladder (M) from New England
Biolabs was loaded in each gel to show the size of the PCR products. Marker (a) Satt275 is
associated with SCN resistance and was polymorphic on AR11SDS and the resistance locus
was inherited from IA2036.
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5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711