Oregon Forage and Turf
Grass Variety Seed
Yield Trial, 1982-83
Special Report 730
February 1985
Agricultural Experiment Station
Oregon State University, Corvallis
[EXT/CRS 49]
OREGON FORAGE AND TURF GRASS VARIETY SEED YIELD TRIAL, 1982-83
Harold W. Youngberg, William C.Young III, and David 0. Chilcote
ABSTRACT
New varieties and advanced breeding lines of forage and turf grass
species were grown under Oregon conditions to evaluate their seed yield
potential.
Seed harvest dates and clean seed yields for 146 entries are
reported for 1982 and 1983, and ranked as a percent of the standard
variety for each species over two years.
Not all varieties were ranked the same within each year suggesting
that climatic variation between years may favor or disfavor certain
varieties more than others.
1Professor, Research Assistant, and Professor, respectively, Department
of Crop Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
97331.
INTRODUCTION
Many new varieties and advanced breeding lines are developed in
public and private plant breeding programs each year.
Information on
the seed yield potential of the material is of great value to plant
breeders, seed production firms, and seed growers.
The Oregon seed
industry has a strong interest in obtaining data on seed production
characteristics of these varieties under Oregon conditions.
A pilot seed yield evaluation program was started in 1981.
Sam
ples of recently released varieties or advanced breeding lines were
solicited from firms interested in seed production in Oregon and 146
entries were received.
Species included perennial ryegrass (Lolium
perenne), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), fineleaf fescue
(Festuca rubra), hard fescue (Festuca ovina), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa
pratensis), orchardgrass (Dactylis qlomerata), and tall fescue (Festuca
arundinacea).
METHODS
The trial, designed to follow commercial field practices of
Willamette Valley seed growers, was at Hyslop Crop Science Field Labor
atory, Corvallis on an Amity silt loam soil.
Seeding rates were adjusted for germination percentage (provided
by the owner) to allow planting of equal amounts of pure live seed per
foot of row.
Entries were planted with a circular belt planter in 3
row plots separated by a blank row.
Row spacing was 12 inches (30 cm)
for all species except tall fescue and orchardgrass which were spaced
18 inches (45 cm) apart.
Plots were 3 feet (0.9 m) and 4.5 feet
(1.4 m) wide, depending on row spacing, 14.8 feet (4.5 m) in length
with 1.6 feet (0.5 m) between plots.
2
Each variety was replicated four
times with a standard variety included for comparison.
Seeding rates
and dates, and row width for each species are listed in Table 1.
Table 1.
Seeding rate and date, row width, and mean number of seed per
row for variety seed yield evaluation trial
Species
Seeding rate
Mean number
Row width
seeds per:
foot
30 cm
(in)
Seeding date
(lb /a)
(kg/ha)
Perennial
ryegrass
10.7
12.0
58
57
12
30
May 11-12
Fine-leaf
fescue
4.5
5.0
61
60
12
30
May 13
Hard fescue
4.7
5.2
61
60
12
30
May 13
Bluegrass
4.5
2.2
61
60
12
30
May 14, 27
Orchardgrass
4.5
5.0
64
63
18
45
May 28
Tall fescue
8.9
10.0
61
60
18
45
May 28
13.4
15.0
55
54
12
30
Oct. 16
Italian
ryegrass
(cm)
1981
Broadleaf weed control included bromoxynil at 0.5 pounds active
ingredient per acre (0.56 kg/ha) sprayed on July 23,
1981,
and a combi-
nation of 0.5 pounds active ingredient 2,4-D plus 0.25 pounds active
ingredient dicamba per acre (0.56 kg 2,4 -0 plus 0.28 kg active ingredi-
ent dicamba per ha) on all species except bluegrass.
The Kentucky
bluegrass, slow to emerge, received a combination of 2,4-D plus dicamba
(rates given above) on August 31.
Plots were irrigated on July 9 and
August 13-14, 1981, for seedling establishment.
control was applied October 10,
Autumn chemical weed
1981 (Table 2).
Fertilizer applications before the first seed crop were
pounds per acre (320 kg/ha) of 16-20-0 on November 13,
pounds per acre (300 kg/ha) of 34-0-0 on March 10,
3
1981,
1982.
285
and 265
Table 2.
Herbicide application autumn 1981 and 1982
Species
Herbicide
Perennial ryegrass
Fine-16af fescue
Bluegrass, Orchardgrass
and Tall fescue
Atrazine
Simazine
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.5
2.5
2.8
Diuron
2.4
2.7
3.0
3.4
Rate(2)
Rate(1)
(lb /a) (kg/ha) (lb /a) (kg/ha)
1.7
(1)Applied October 10, 1981.
(2)Applied October 4 (perennial ryegrassl and October 19, 1982.
BayletonR 50% wettable powder fungicide was applied for rust control on bluegrass at 0.5 pounds per acre (0.56 kg/ha) on May 7 and 14,
1982.
Bayleton was applied at 1.0 pound per acre (1.1 kg/ha) to all
bluegrass and perennial ryegrass on June 3,
1982.
Perennial ryegrass
was also treated at the same rate on May 14 and again on June 18, 1982.
All perennial species were irrigated with 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) of
water on May 28,
1982.
An additional 2 inches (5.1
cm) of water was
applied to the perennial ryegrass only on June 18, 1982, primarily to
benefit late maturing varieties.
All Italian ryegrass varieties
received 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) on June 1, 1982.
1983 crop management
The second seed crop received 156 pounds per acre (175 kg/ha) of
16-20-0 on November 3,
34-0-0 on March 21,
1982,
and 300 pounds per acre (336 kg/ha) of
1983.
Tilt was applied at 4 fluid ounces per acre (0.3 1/ha) for rust
control on bluegrass on April 4.
Two additional treatments were
applied to bluegrass and perennial ryegrass on May 12 and June 3.
The
control of rust was not complete because of the continued wet weather in
late June and early July.
No irrigation was applied in 1983.
4
Soil moisture was adequate
because of the abnormally high rainfall in June and July.
Harvest
All varieties within each species were harvested in the same manner; however, different procedures were used for the taller species.
The entire plot was harvested in perennial ryegrass, fine-leaf fescues,
and Kentucky bluegrass by mowing with a sickle bar KINKO cutter.
For
tall fescue and orchardgrass the center row was hand-harvested; a
3.3 x 2.9 foot (1.0 x 0.9 m) quadrat was hand-cut for Italian ryegrass.
The harvested material was bagged, air-dried, threshed,
weighed.
cleaned, and
A 5-gram sample of tall fescue and orchardgrass was taken
with a seed divider in 1982 to determine the 1,000 seed weight.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The planting method produced a good stand in all species except
bluegrass, which did not germinate until after the July 9 irrigation.
Many of the perennial ryegrass varieties were severely affected by stem
rust (Puccinia spp.) during the seedling year.
We did experience shattering loss using the KINKO cutter; also, a
uniform air setting was used on the M2-B clipper for each species so
"light" seeded varieties were disfavored.
Harvest dates and clean seed yields for each year and over years
are presented in Tables 3
9.
A randomized block analysis of variance
and least significant difference test at P < .05 (LSD .05) was used to
compare variety means within species for each year.
The two-year mean
yield data were subjected to a split-block analysis of variance at the
conclusion of this study.
Yields expressed as a percent of the standard
variety for each species are also given in these tables.
5
Table 3.
Seed yield and harvest date of perennial ryegrass,
1982 and 1983
Harvest Date
Yield (lb /a)
TwoYear Mean
Variety
1982
1983
1982
1983
(lb /a)
% Std.
Prana
Sabrina (Hyb.)
Nestor
Friend
Sabel (Hyb.)
7/6
6/28
7/6
7/12
6/28
7/11
1969
1758
2023
1819
1631
120
119
116
113
1691
1292
1467
1130
1245
1329
ASTP 100
Clipper
7/6
6/29
6/30
6/29
6/29
7/18
7/6
1850
1895
1812
1795
1762
1098
939
992
962
994
1474
1417
1402
1379
1378
109
104
103
102
6/30
7/2
6/29
7/11
777
7/2
7/13
1109
1176
962
1043
1030
1378
1370
1358
1356
1335
101
6717
1647
1564
1754
1669
1639
Citation
Belle
Pennant
Meltra RvP
Bastion
6/29
6/30
6/29
7/12
6/29
7/11
1662
1596
1805
1568
1749
1003
1048
837
968
779
1333
1322
1268
1264
98
97
97
93
93
Melind RvP
Premier
Princess
Greektown
Yatsugane
6/30
7/2
7/8
7/6
7/12
1656
1505
1480
1340
1474
864
927
907
1019
1260
1216
1194
1180
1182
93
90
88
87
87
LP 210
PSR-7 Turf
PSR-5 Turf
Crown
Crown
7/12
7/6
6/30
6/30
6/30
7/18
7/18
1374
1417
1607
1392
1350
956
894
914
946
1165
1156
1154
1153
1148
86
85
85
85
85
1-812
Pennfine
Score
Cropper
7/8
6/29
7/12
6/30
6/29
7/20
1435
1553
1466
1428
1416
853
704
777
732
732
1144
1129
1122
1080
1074
84
83
83
80
7812
Fiesta
PSR-1 Turf
Prelude
LP736
Linn (Std.)
Derby
LP 721
JSCOCPRG
6/27
7/20
7/18
6/27
7/11
7/11
7/11
7/13
7/6
7/13
7/11
7/25
7/11
7/1
7/11
7/18
7/11
7/22
7/11
7/13
7/13
7/11
7/25
7/11
7/11
891
701
1613
1577
1532
1510
1321
(Table continued)
6
111
101
101
100
100
98
79
Table 3.
Continued
Harvest Date
Yield (lb /a)
Variety
1982
1983
1982
1983
Acclaim
LP 712
Midas
Manhattan
Majestic
6/30
7/12
7/12
7/14
7/12
7/11
1361
7/22
7/20
7/22
7/18
1146
1403
1133
1222
772
869
604
LP702
Loretta
Vigor RvP
LP 716
Elka
7/14
7/16
7/19
7/14
7/19
7/22
7/25
7/25
7/25
7/22
1147
1064
Sprinter
Sturdy
Barclay
7/20
7/20
7/10
7/22
7/28
7/28
(lb /a)
% Std.
1067
1008
1004
972
949
79
74
74
72
70
1002
482
876
828
822
776
444
64
592
583
550
406
485
560
363
368
248
176
427
404
270
31
271
195
175(1)
1061
LSD .05
Two-Year Mean
811
675
604
61
61
57
33
30
20
(1)Year x variety interaction significant at the 0.05 probability
level.
Table 4.
Seed yield and harvest date of hard fescue,
1982 and 1983
Harvest Date
Yield (lb /a)
Variety
1982
1983
1982
1983
AHE-10
7/5
7/5
6/22
7/5
1377
1156
Tournament
FOD 14
6/25
6/28
6/25
6/25
442
399
394
319
Biljart (Std .)
Waldina
Fertalia
PSF-12
6/25
6/24
6/24
6/25
7/5
6/22
6/22
7/5
916
779
726
622
FOD 11
1131
1058
LSD.05
288
Two-Year Mean
(lb /a)
% Std.
910
777
763
689
157
134
100
99
87
78
244
580
767
77
288
277
450
112
173(1)
507
131
119
(1)Year x variety interaction significant at the 0.05 probability
level.
7
Table 5.
Seed yield and harvest date of fine fescue,
1982 and 1983
Harvest Date
Yield (lb /a)
Two-Year Mean
Variety
1982
1983
1982
1983
(lb /a)
% Std.
Rapid
FRR 232
Koket
ORE-E
FRR 38
6/23
6/25
6/22
6/25
6/23
6/22
6/22
6/22
6/27
6/22
2376
2180
1064
1720
1566
1891
950
649
882
1421
2182
1810
1416
1346
179
163
148
147
140
Dorado
Manoir
FC 7851
Parita
Bellamy
6/23
6/28
6/23
6/28
6/25
6/22
7/5
6/22
7/5
7/5
1803
1718
1900
1782
1734
777
862
536
624
638
1290
1290
1218
1203
1186
134
134
127
125
124
Mary
Futura
Moncorde
Polar
6/24
1539
1638
1714
1732
1722
792
653
533
506
499
1166
1146
1124
1119
121
J-1
6/25
6/30
6/28
6/23
6/25
Banner
Checker
Pennlawn
Frida
FR 2141
6/23
6/22
6/25
6/28
6/28
6/24
6/22
6/27
5/7
1670
1087
1076
1672
1556
1572
504
600
430
512
396
FC 0541
7/5
7/5
FR 7751
PSF 13
6/25
6/25
6725
6/28
6/23
1512
1605
1339
1366
1162
447
315
437
343
520
980
960
888
855
Luster
FC 7051
Hawk
6/22
6/22
6/30
1111
1035
842
518
215
336
815
625
589
263
196
240(1)
Cascade (Std.)
Barfalla
7/11
7/11
7/5
6/27
1551
7/11
6724
7/11
7/5
6/22
7/5
7/11
LSD .05
951
1111
1051
1034
984
841
119
117
117
116
113
112
109
108
103
102
100
93
89
88
85
65
61
(1)Year x variety interaction significant at the 0.05 probability
level.
8
Table 6.
Seed yield and harvest date of Kentucky bluegrass,
1982 and 1983
Variety
Baron
Sophia
Merit
Harmony
243
Newport
AG-463
Geronimo
Cynthia
Admiral
Argyle
Newport (Std.)
Welcome
Monopoly
Enoble
PSB-10
Sydsport
Mosa
PSB-6
Barblue
Nutop
Barblue
Vanessa
Majestic
Melba
Merion
P-141
Holiday
Trampas
Adelphi
Plush
Mireille
PSB-9
Saskia
PSB-4
Cello
Ram I
Kimono
Kimono
Fylking
Harvest Date
Yield (lb /a)
1982(1)
1983
1982
1983
(lb /a)
7/6
7/6
7/6
1196
1245
1102
833
656
927
1427
1336
1403
1664
1600
1309
1398
1182
1093
1313
1107
1100
970
1066
1092
1067
1199
1186
1128
1000
1000
1055
1110
847
986
1021
904
855
893
885
862
902
953
808
705
712
479
1312
134
1291
131
1253
1249
1128
1118
1110
1100
994
984
984
982
958
910
908
128
127
115
114
113
112
451
46
471
411
41
463
405
350
349
240
199(2)
6/28
6/28
6/28
6/28
6/28
6/28
6/28
6/28
6/28
7/6
7/6
6/28
6/28
6/28
6/28
6/28
6/28
6/28
6/28
6/28
7/6
7/6
6/28
6/28
6/28
7/6
6/28
6/28
6/28
7/6
7/6
7/6
6/28
7/6
6/28
6/28
7/6
LSD.05
821
1018
894
655
860
863
945
754
724
734
592
475
492
603
591
508
450
657
493
456
491
511
466
468
468
414
341
465
324
263
423
338
289
235
256
(1)
Two-Year Mean
901
101
100
100
100
98
93
92
92
896
91
831
85
82
82
810
802
796
782
780
752
740
739
698
683
680
677
665
658
647
637
515
488
Harvest dates for all varieties between June 28, and
July 2, 1982.
(2)Year x variety interaction significant
at the 0.05
probability level.
9
% Std.
81
80
79
77
75
75
71
70
69
69
68
67
66
65
52
50
36
36
Table 7.
Seed yield, thousand seed weight, and harvest date of
1982 and 1983
orchardgrass,
1982
M-Seed
Wt.(g)
Variety
Harvest Yield
Date
(lb /a)
Hallmark
Potomac (Std.)
PSO-18
Cambia
PSO-19
1.035
0.992
0.965
0.772
0.950
6/25
6/25
Frontier
Hay King
Mobite
0.882
0.917
0.657
6/30
LSD .05
1983
VS
7/2
7/2
Two-Year Mean
Harvest Yield
Date
(lb /a)
(lb /a)
% Std.
1555
1410
1297
1020
110
100
92
74
72
63
49
36
1585
1456
1336
988
1064
6/22
6/24
7/6
7/6
1525
1363
1258
1094
975
871
792
575
7/6
7/18
7/18
892
577
448
882
685
512
274
201 (1)
7/6
7/6
0.070
6774
1041
(
454
(1)
Year x variety interaction significant at the 0.05 probability level.
Table 8.
Seed yield and lodging scores of
Italian ryegrass, 1982
Yield
Variety
(lb /a)(1)
Marshall
2864
LMW 96(3)
AS-TI-10
Deltonic
2298
2240
2196
Megamo
Deltex
2073
1807
Lodging
Score(z)
5
1
3
5
LM-21
1721
4
3
2
Meritra RvP
1650
1
Optima
Merwester RvP (3)
Lemtal RvP
Delecta
1575
1056
842
445
LSD .05
454
(',1,),
5
5
3
1
Harvest date for all varieties, July 6, 1982
Lodging score, 1 = upright, 5 = very flat
( 3) Lolium multiflorium (Westerwold)
10
Table
9.
Seed yield, thousand seed weight,
of tall fescue, 1982 and 1983
and harvest date
1982
1983
MSeed Harvest
Variety
Yield
Harvest Yield
Date
(lb /a)
Wt.(g)
Date
(lb /a)
1.342
1.390
1.272
1.497
1.422
6/25
6/29
6/25
6/25
6/30
1738
1692
1346
1339
1444
6/25
6/27
6/28
6/27
6/27
Olympic
Clemfine
1.497
1.255
1.427
1.430
1.297
6/23
6/25
6/30
6/30
6/30
1634
1432
1405
1395
1189
Yamanami
S-170
Alta (Std.)
Pastelle
Dovey
1.402
1.452
1.435
1.482
1.772
6/23
6/23
6/23
1344
6796/23
MERFP1*
1.417
1.387
1.335
1.257
1.500
6/30
6/30
6/30
6/30
6/30
Kenhy
Mustang
ASTF-80
Festal
Houndog
Fawn
KYG1-331
Rebel
P-52
P-21
P-42
Monaco
LSD
.05
(lb /a)
% Std.
1286
1058
1223
1226
1120
1512
1375
1285
1283
1282
161
147
137
137
137
6/25
6/27
6/28
6/27
6/27
918
1036
1012
985
1190
1276
1234
1209
1190
1190
136
132
129
127
127
602
828
1085
1044
1173
6/22
6/22
6/25
T72g
803
6/22
671
973
955
938
924
922
104
102
100
98
98
1113
790
816
830
823
6/27
6/27
6/28
6/28
6/28
540
742
545
530
463
827
766
88
82
681
73
72
69
281
213(1)
1081
0.151
TwoYear Mean
291
791
680
643
(1)Year x variety interaction significant
at the 0.05 probability level.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors appreciate the invaluable
assistance of Daryl
Ehrensing and Carroll Moon in completing this research.
11