0715-ASFD4648A-D-2
Pg 1 of 5
Ancorsteel®® FD-4600A
Ancorsteel FD-4800A
Ancorsteel steel powders were developed to
extend the capability of P/M parts to satisfy the
needs of today's technology where higher
strength and toughness are required.
Typical Analysis and Properties
Mo
0.50
0.50
Apparent Density, g/cm3
Ancorsteel FD-4600A
Ancorsteel FD-4800A
Cu
1.50
1.50
C
<0.01
<0.01
Oxygen
0.13
0.13
Flow Rate, s/50g
Ancorsteel FD-4600A
Ancorsteel FD-4800A
3.0
3.0
27
25
Application
• Parts requiring greater toughness than
attainable with conventional P/M materials.
Ancorsteel FD-4800A is recommended for more
severe conditions.
• Parts subjected to "brinelling" type of loading.
• Parts subjected to dynamic loading.
• Parts with close dimensional tolerances.
Sieve Analysis, (U.S. Standard) (w/o)
Micrometers
+250 -250 / +150 -150 / +45
-45
U.S. Standard Mesh
(+60) (-60 / +100) (-100 / +325) (-325)
Ancorsteel FD-4600A Trace
6
71
23
Ancorsteel FD-4800A Trace
6
71
23
The Effects of Compaction Pressure on Green Density
30
Green Density (g/cm3)
7.2
7.1
7.0
6.9
and
0A
0
6
D-4
el F
e
t
rs
co
An
6.8
A
800
D-4
F
l
tee
ors
Anc
0.6 w/o graphite + 0.75 w/o Acrawax
6.7
500
600
700
The Effects of Green Density on Green Strength
Ancorsteel FD-4600A and Ancorsteel FD-4800A
60
Green Strength (MPa)
7.3
Ancorsteel FD-4600A and Ancorsteel FD-4800A
Compaction Pressure (tsi)
40
50
Compressibility and Green Strength
The diffusion-alloying technique used in making
the Ancorsteels retains the high compressibility of
the base atomized iron. Both powders have good
green strength in the design density range.
800
Compaction Pressure (MPa)
NORTH AMERICA Cinnaminson, NJ: +1-856-829-2220, tim.hale@hoeganaes.com
EUROPE Meerbusch, Germany: +49-2132-6598-20, klaus.vossen@hoeganaes.com
2800
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
A
800
D-4
F
l
ee
orst
Anc
2400
Green Strength (psi)
Chemistry (weight %) (w/o)
Ni
Ancorsteel FD-4600A 1.75
Ancorsteel FD-4800A 4.00
Description
The alloy content is composed of nickel,
molybdenum, and copper, and conforms to MPIF
Material Standard 35, Material Designations
FD-02XX and FD-04XX. Conventional sintering
practice is adequate for meeting high performance
requirements. The additives are diffusion alloyed
to maintain compressibility of the base atomized
iron. The recommended density range is
6.8 g/cm3 and above.
The composition is balanced to give excellent
properties along with close dimensional control.
2000
00A
D-46
F
l
e
e
orst
Anc
1600
0.6 w/o graphite + 0.75 w/o Acrawax
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
1200
7.2
Green Density (g/cm3)
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0715-ASFD4648A-D-2
Data Sheet
Pg 2 of 5
Ancorsteel FD-4600A / FD-4800A
Compressibility Curves for
Double Pressed/Double Sintered
Ancorsteel FD-4600A and Ancorsteel FD-4800A
Repressing Pressure (tsi)
30
40
50
Sintered Density (g/cm3)
7.4
0 tsi)
)
Pa (5
0 tsi
M
0
9
6
Pa (4
550M
7.3
7.2
tsi)
30
Pa (
M
410
7.1
7.0
6.9
6.8
Dimensional Change
[% in 25.4 mm (1 inch)]
+0.3
Presintered at 840ºC (1550ºF)
Sintered at 1120ºC (2050ºF)
400
500
600
Repressing Pressure (MPa)
700
Dimensional Change of Ancorsteel FD-4600A
Sintered and Heat Treated
Sintered
+0.2
ed
Treat
Heat
+0.1
0.0
-0.1
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
Sintered Density (g/cm3)
7.2
7.3
Dimensional Change of Ancorsteel FD-4800A
Sintered and Heat Treated
Dimensional Change
[% in 25.4 mm ( 1 inch)]
+0.3
Double Pressing-Double Sintering To achieve
strength, hardness, and toughness higher than
attainable at 7.1g/cm3, the double press-double
sinter approach is used.
Sintered and Heat Treated Properties
The static and dynamic mechanical properties are
shown for the Ancorsteels premixed with 0.6 w/o
graphite and 0.75 w/o Acrawax C. Tensile test
specimens were prepared and tested in accordance
with MPIF Standard 10 (ASTM E 8). The
"dog bone" specimen geometry was used to
determine the sintered tensile properties and the
machined round specimen was used to determine
the tensile properties in the heat treated
condition. Elongation was measured from a
25.4mm (one inch) gauge length and yield
strength was measured at 0.2% offset. Unnotched
Charpy impact specimens were prepared and
tested in accordance with MPIF Standard 40
(ASTM E 23). Rotating bending fatigue (RBF)
specimens were machined from sintered,
rectangular compacts to the dimensions outlined
in MPIF Standard 56.
The test specimens described above were pressed
to various density levels, sintered in dissociated
ammonia (D.A.) at 1120ºC (2050ºF) for
30 minutes at temperature and cooled in a water
jacketed cooling chamber. The dimensional
change values are measured from die size
(carbide die) as a function of sintered density.
Heat treatment was performed at 840ºC
(1550ºF) for 15 minutes at temperature followed
by quenching in oil at 50ºC (120ºF). The
atmosphere was dissociated ammonia with
methane additions. The quenched parts were
stress relieved for one hour at 175ºC (350ºF) in
air. Higher temperature 260ºC (500ºF) stress
relieving will result in higher toughness but
generally at the expense of hardness. Good heat
treated properties can only be obtained if parts are
well-sintered. The hardenability of the Ancorsteels
is adequate for most P/M parts. The higher
alloyed Ancorsteel FD-4800A is prefered for parts
with thicker ruling sections.
+0.2
+0.1
Sintered
0.0
eated
Heat Tr
-0.1
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
Sintered Density (g/cm3)
7.2
NORTH AMERICA Cinnaminson, NJ: +1-856-829-2220, tim.hale@hoeganaes.com
EUROPE Meerbusch, Germany: +49-2132-6598-20, klaus.vossen@hoeganaes.com
7.3
ASIA Seoul, Korea: +82-2-3486-4471, jongsik.na@hoeganaes.com
Pudong Shanghai, China: +86-21-2037-3950, oliver.he@hoeganaes.com
0715-ASFD4648A-D-2
Data Sheet
Pg 3 of 5
Ancorsteel FD-4600A / FD-4800A
Fatigue Endurance Limit vs Tensile Strength
for Ancorsteel FD-4600A and Ancorsteel FD-4800A
Processed Under Various Conditions
350
60
Ultimate Tensile Strength (103 psi)
80
100
120
140
160
180
50
Compaction
Pressure
MPa (tsi)
300
40
250
30
200
150
20
Endurance Limit (103 psi)
Endurance Limit (MPa)
Material
Ancorsteel
FD-4600A
Ancorsteel
FD-4800A
100
10
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa)
Graphite
Addition
(w/o)
Sintering
Temperature
ºC
(ºF)
440
(34)
0.6
1120 (2050)
680
(45)
0.6
1260 (2300)
680
(45)
0.6
1120 (2050)
690
(50)
0.4
1120 (2050)
690
(50)
0.4
1260 (2300)
690
(50*)
0.6
1120 (2050)
*Repressed at 690 MPa (50tsi)
Effect of Sintered Density on the Room Temperature
Impact Energy of Ancorsteel FD-4600A and Ancorsteel FD-4800A
40
30
25
30
20
25
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
6.7
Material
Ancorsteel
FD-4600A
Ancorsteel
FD-4800A
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
Sintered Density (g/cm3)
7.3
Impact Energy (ft. lbf)
Impact Energy (Joules)
35
0
7.4
Graphite
Sintered Austenitizing Tempering Heat Treated
Addition
Impact Temperature Temperature Impact Energy
(w/o) Joules (ft. lbf) ºC (ºF)
ºC (ºF) Joules (ft. lbf)
0.4
22 (16)
840 (1550)
175 (350)
11 (8)
0.6
15 (11)
815 (1500)
180 (375)
12 (9)
0.8
14 (10)
800 (1475)
230 (450)
11 (8)
0.8*
14 (10)
0.4
22 (16)
840 (1550)
175 (350)
10 (7)
0.6
20 (15)
815 (1500)
190 (375)
12 (9)
0.8
18 (13)
800 (1475)
230 (450)
12 (9)
0.8*
19 (14)
Specimens were compacted to a
density of 7.0 g/cm3
Sintering was performed at
1120ºC (2050ºF) for 30 minutes at
temperature in dissociated ammonia.
*Sintered and then stress relieved at
175ºC (350ºF) for 60 minutes in air.
*Heat treatment consisted of
austenitizing in dissociated ammonia
for 15 minutes at temperature then
quenching in oil at 65ºC (150ºF) and
tempering for 60 minutes in air.
*Repressed at 690 MPa (50 tsi)
NORTH AMERICA Cinnaminson, NJ: +1-856-829-2220, tim.hale@hoeganaes.com
EUROPE Meerbusch, Germany: +49-2132-6598-20, klaus.vossen@hoeganaes.com
ASIA Seoul, Korea: +82-2-3486-4471, jongsik.na@hoeganaes.com
Pudong Shanghai, China: +86-21-2037-3950, oliver.he@hoeganaes.com
0715-ASFD4648A-D-2
Data Sheet
Pg 4 of 5
Ancorsteel FD-4600A / FD-4800A
Tensile Properties of Ancorsteel FD-4600A
Sintered and Heat Treated
Tensile Properties of Ancorsteel FD-4800A
Sintered and Heat Treated
250
500
Sintered
50
Yield Strength
250
0
100
6.7 6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
1000
750
500
0
Sintered
6.7 6.8
6.9
Elongation [% in 25.4mm (1 inch)]
Elongation [% in 25.4mm (1 inch)]
red
Sinte
3
2
Heat Treated
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
ered
Sint
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
Sintered Density (g/cm3)
NORTH AMERICA Cinnaminson, NJ: +1-856-829-2220, tim.hale@hoeganaes.com
EUROPE Meerbusch, Germany: +49-2132-6598-20, klaus.vossen@hoeganaes.com
Sintered Hardness (HRB)
reated
Heat T
6.7
7.3
0
7.4
red
Sinte
3
2
1
Heat Treated
0
6.7 6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
Apparent Hardness of Ancorsteel FD-4800A
Sintered and Heat Treated
Heat Treated Hardness (HRC)
Sintered Hardness (HRB)
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
90
70
7.2
Sintered Density (g/cm3)
Apparent Hardness of Ancorsteel FD-4600A
Sintered and Heat Treated
80
7.1
4
Sintered Density (g/cm3)
100
7.0
Tensile Elongation of Ancorsteel FD-4800A
Sintered and Heat Treated
4
6.7 6.8
50
Sintered Density (g/cm3)
Tensile Elongation of Ancorsteel FD-4600A
Sintered and Heat Treated
0
100
Yield Strength
Sintered Density (g/cm3)
1
150
ength
Yield Str
th
ng
re
nsile St
Ultimate Te
Heat
Treated
250
0
7.4
Strength (103 psi)
750
150
ength
Yield Str
th
nsile Streng
Ultimate Te
Heat
Treated
200
ngth
e Stre
Tensil
te
a
Ultim
1250
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
reated
Heat T
100
d
Sintere
90
80
70
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
Heat Treated Hardness (HRC)
1000
Strength (MPa)
1250
1500
200
ength
sile Str
te Ten
a
im
lt
U
Strength (103 psi)
Strength (MPa)
1500
250
7.3
Sintered Density (g/cm3)
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Pudong Shanghai, China: +86-21-2037-3950, oliver.he@hoeganaes.com
0715-ASFD4648A-D-2
Data Sheet
Pg 5 of 5
Ancorsteel FD-4600A / FD-4800A
Effect of Graphite Additions To determine the effect
of varying graphite additions, MPIF Standard 41
(ASTM B-528) transverse rupture bars were prepared
with graphite additions of 0.2 w/o to 1.1 w/o and were
pressed to 7.0 g/cm3. The bars were sintered at 1120ºC
(2050ºF) for 30 minutes at temperature in dissociated
ammonia. The transverse rupture strength, apparent
hardness, and dimensional change are shown.
The graphs show that the strength of both Ancorsteels
reaches a maximum and then decreases when 0.6 w/o
graphite is exceeded. This is caused by the formation of
areas of untempered martensite.
A stress relief anneal at 175ºC (350ºF) tempers the
martensite formed by cooling from the sintering
temperature and increases the strength appreciably,
reaching a maximum at 0.8 w/o graphite. The stress
relief anneal has no significant effect on the sintered
hardness or dimensional change.
The formation of martensite must be considered if
the parts require secondary machining.
180
1200
170
1100
160
Sintered
150
1000
140
900
800
130
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
120
1.2
1400
Stress
Relieved
180
1200
170
Sintered
1100
150
140
900
130
0
0.2
Hardness (HRB)
Ancorsteel FD-4800A
90
80
70
Ancorsteel FD-4600A
60
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Graphite Added (w/o)
Dimensional Change [% in 24.5mm (1 inch)]
100
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
120
1.2
Graphite Added (w/o)
Effect of Graphite Additions on the Sintered
Hardness of Ancorsteel FD-4600A and FD-4800A
0.2
160
1000
Graphite Added (w/o)
0
190
1300
800
200
Tranverse Rupture Strength (103 psi)
190
Stress
Relieved
1300
200
Transverse Rupture Strength (MPa)
Transverse Rupture Strength (MPa)
1400
Effect of Graphite Additions and Stress Relief
Annealing on Transverse Rupture Strength
of Ancorsteel FD-4800A
Transverse Rupture Strength (103 psi)
Effect of Graphite Additions and Stress Relief
Annealing on Transverse Rupture Strength
of Ancorsteel FD-4600A
Effect of Graphite Additions on the Dimensional
Change of Ancorsteel FD-4600A and FD-4800A
+0.30
Ancorsteel FD-4600A
+0.20
Ancorsteel FD-4800A
+0.10
0
-0.10
-0.20
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Graphite Added (w/o)
IMPORTANT NOTICE: The data shown are based on laboratory processing standard test specimens. Results may vary from that obtained in production processing.
NORTH AMERICA Cinnaminson, NJ: +1-856-829-2220, tim.hale@hoeganaes.com
EUROPE Meerbusch, Germany: +49-2132-6598-20, klaus.vossen@hoeganaes.com
ASIA Seoul, Korea: +82-2-3486-4471, jongsik.na@hoeganaes.com
Pudong Shanghai, China: +86-21-2037-3950, oliver.he@hoeganaes.com