John Palumbo
Yuma Agricultural Center
Oberon®
A new IGR like compound
from Bayer Crop Sciences.
Insect Management in Melons
A Research Update
Inhibits lipid biosynthesis.
Foliar contact activity against
whiteflies and mites.
Spiromesifen (BSN 2040)
Highly effective on nymphs
and pupal stage.
Harmless to pollinators.
Picture of whiteflies
Excellent IRM tool.
Reduced-risk status pending
Oberon - Residual Efficacy
Oberon - Residual Efficacy
Spring 2002
• Oberon (7.0 and 8.5 oz)
• Courier (Applaud)
• Danitol/Thiodan
Mean large nymphs / cm2/ leaf
6
SLWF Large Nymph Densities
Courier-1
Oberon 7 oz (2 sprays)
Oberon 8.5 oz (2 sprays)
Oberon 8.5 oz (1 spray)
Courier 8 oz (2 sprays )
Courier 8 oz (1 spray)
Danitol+Thiodan (2 sprays)
Untreated
5
4
Untreated
Oberon – 1
3
Courier– 2
Oberon – 2
2
Oberon – 2
Dan/Thio - 2
1
0
May
6
• 2 sprays vs 1 spray
May
16
May
23
May
31
Jun
6
Jun
17
Jun
24
Oberon - Residual Efficacy
Spring 2002
SLWF Eclosed Pupae Densities
Eclosed Pupal Cases
2
Mean eclosed pupae / cm / leaf
5
Oberon - 1
4
Untreated
Courier – 1
3
2
1
0
May
6
Palumbo, John C. 06/04/03. The 9th
Annual Melon Field Day, Maricopa
Agricultural Center, Maricopa, AZ
May
16
May
23
May
31
Jun
6
Jun
17
Jun
24
1
Combination of IGRs and Admire
Combination of IGRs and Admire
3.0
•
2
Mean eclosed pupae / cm / leaf
•
•
2.5
Admire - 16 oz
Admire - 8 oz
+ Oberon
+ Courier
Courier, Calypso
2.0
SLWF Eclosed Pupae Densities
Admire 16 oz
Admire 8 oz + Courier
Admire 8 oz + Oberon
th
th
Courier (May 10 ), Calypso (May 30 )
Untreated
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
May 2
May 27
IGR - Courier
®
Oberon Efficacy Against WF
• Oberon, a new novel IGR, provided good residual
control of whiteflies – both alone and in combination
with Admire – comparable to Courier (Applaud) in
spring melons.
May 14
•
•
•
•
•
June 12
June 25
®
(Applaud )
Chitin synthesis inhibitor
Vapor and Contact activity
Only effective against nymphs
Spray Timing is critical
21-28 day residual efficacy
• New Mode of Action may provide growers with:
- alternative to Admire
- rotational partner for:
* Courier
* Capture or Danitol + endosulfan
Eggs
Crawler
1st Instar
Adult
Buprofezin Efficacy
2nd Instar
Action Threshold:
1 visible nymph
per leaf disc
Sampling
• A single
application
on Sep 11
Post-Admire:
- on mid vine/terminal
Crown
3rd Instar
Cabbage Looper Control
No Admire Applied:
- Early season on crown
- Pre-harvest near mid vine
Early-mid season
4th Instar
REN
• Whole plant samples
Adults
Pre-Harvest
Mid-vine
Terminal
Palumbo, John C. 06/04/03. The 9th
Annual Melon Field Day, Maricopa
Agricultural Center, Maricopa, AZ
10 plants / Rep
- 3 and 8 DAT
2
Cabbage Looper Control
Cabbage Looper Control
Fall melons, YAC 2002
Fall melons, YAC 2002
Mean Cabbage Looper Larvae / Plant
Fresh Feeding Tracks (% leaves)
5
4
100
3 DAT
3 DAT
80
8 DAT
8 DAT
3
60
2
40
1
20
0
0
Success
5 oz
Avaunt
3.5 oz
Dipel
1 lb
Success
5 oz
Untreated
Avaunt
3.5 oz
Dipel
1 lb
Untreated
Flea Beetle Control on Melons
Fall 2001- Furrow Irrigated – Pre-plant applications
Flea Beetle Control
on Fall Melons
14 DAT – 2 leaf
stage
14 DAT
a
% Damaged Plants
80
Coty.
Cotyledons
Leaves
60
40
Leaves
b
b
20
c
c
0
Admire
16 oz
Flea Beetle Control on Melons
Fall 2002 – Drip Irrigated- Injection after emergence
% Damaged Plants
60
14 DAT – 2 leaf stage
Leaves
Platinum
8 oz
Platinum
5 oz
dinotefuron
Untreated
Direct Measurement of
Admire and Platinum in Melons
• No guesswork involved in determining whether
compound was applied properly.
Cotyledons
50
Coty
40
a
30
20
10
Leaves
b
c
c
0
Admire
16 oz
Platinum
8 oz
Dinotefuron
0.45 lb ai
Untreated
Palumbo, John C. 06/04/03. The 9th
Annual Melon Field Day, Maricopa
Agricultural Center, Maricopa, AZ
• Assay permits extremely sensitive detection of either
compound—as low as 0.2 ppb.
• Increased confidence in evaluating efficacy of
treatments by relating whitefly densities to
concentration of material in leaves.
• Early warning system for resistance—high whitefly
densities in leaves with normally lethal concentration
of compound could spell trouble.
3
ELISA—Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay
Measurement of Admire and Platinum in Melons
• Temporal (Residual) - 15 d intervals following planting
and side dress applications
• Microtiter plate assay
•
– 12-well strips
– 8 strips per plate (96 samples)
Spatial (Within-plant Distribution)
• 3-step procedure (with wash steps in
between)
– Add samples to pre-coated wells
– Add conjugated antibody into
wells with sample; incubate 1 h
– Add substrate; incubate ½ h
• Quantifiable based on color
intensity of enzyme/substrate
reaction (read with spectrophotometer)
Treatment
Admire
Admire
Admire
Admire
Admire
Platinum
Platinum
Platinum
Platinum
Platinum
Completed reaction for 48 samples
(4 strips x 12 wells)
At plant
Side-dress
(rate/acre)
(rate/acre)
16 oz
8 oz
8 oz
--8 oz
4 oz
4 oz
---
--8 oz
8 oz
16 oz
--4 oz
4 oz
8 oz
Mean Titers of Admire in Melon Leaves
October 15, 2002
N=8
Mean
Admire
Titer
(ng/ml)
Mean(±SEM)
nymphs
/ cm2
/ leaf
250
200
150
100
50
0
Stunted
Robust
Honeydew
Stunted
Less Stunted-High Densities
Least Stunted-Moderate
Densities
Cantaloupe
Palumbo, John C. 06/04/03. The 9th
Annual Melon Field Day, Maricopa
Agricultural Center, Maricopa, AZ
4
Arizona Crop Information Site
Acknowledgements
• California Melon Research Board
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Gowan Seed Company
Bayer Crop Protection
Syngenta Crop Protection
Dow AgriSciences
DuPont Agricultural Products
Valent USA Corporation
FMC Corporation
Nichino America Inc
http://ag.arizona.edu/crops
Palumbo, John C. 06/04/03. The 9th
Annual Melon Field Day, Maricopa
Agricultural Center, Maricopa, AZ
5