UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level 5096/02
advertisement
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level *9823355290* 5096/02 HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY Paper 2 October/November 2009 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. For Examiner’s Use Section A Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. You are advised to spend no longer than 1 hour on Section A. Section B Answer all the questions, including questions 8, 9 and 10 Either or 10 Or. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. Write an E (for Either) or an O (for Or) next to the number 10 in the Examiner’s grid to indicate which question you have answered. 1 2 3 4 5 The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. 6 7 Section A sub-total 8 9 10 Total This document consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page. DC (SHW/CGW 00293 6/08) 12921/5 © UCLES 2009 [Turn over www.xtremepapers.net 2 Section A For Examiner’s Use Answer all the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided. 1 Fig. 1.1 shows a view of the heart from the front. C D H B E G I A F Fig. 1.1 (a) Using only the letters A to F, list which of the blood vessels on Fig. 1.1 (i) carry deoxygenated blood, ............................................. [3] (ii) carry oxygenated blood. ................................................. [3] (b) Name the heart chambers indicated by the letters G, H and I on Fig. 1.1. G ...................................................................................................................................... H ...................................................................................................................................... I .................................................................................................................................. [3] (c) State in which of the vessels A to F a blockage commonly leads to heart failure. .................................................................................................................................... [1] © UCLES 2009 5096/02/O/N/09 www.xtremepapers.net 3 Blood leaves the heart under high pressure through arteries and re-enters it through veins, under low pressure. For Examiner’s Use (d) List three ways in which the structure of arteries is adapted to withstand high pressure. 1. ...................................................................................................................................... 2. ...................................................................................................................................... 3. ................................................................................................................................ [3] (e) When a doctor takes your blood pressure, two readings are given, for example, 120 over 80 millimetres of mercury. Explain what the two figures represent in this example. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... [2] Table 1.2 shows the percentage blood flow to different tissues and organs when the body is at rest and then during heavy exercise. Table 1.2 organs blood flow during exercise / % heart 4 4 skin 9 2 brain 13 3 kidneys 19 1 gut 24 1 muscles 22 88 9 1 100 100 other organs total (f) blood flow at rest / % Using the information in Table 1.2, (i) state which two organs show the greatest reduction in percentage blood flow during exercise, 1. ................................................................ 2. ................................................................ (ii) [2] calculate by how many times blood flow to the muscles increases during exercise. ............................................................................................................................ [1] © UCLES 2009 5096/02/O/N/09 www.xtremepapers.net [Turn over 4 (g) Describe how muscular activity helps in returning blood to the heart from the extremities of the body. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... [2] [Total: 20] © UCLES 2009 5096/02/O/N/09 www.xtremepapers.net For Examiner’s Use 5 2 Fig. 2.1 shows an experiment to demonstrate the digestion of starch to sugar by an enzyme in saliva. R For Examiner’s Use S Visking tubing Visking tubing 10 cm3 1% starch solution 10 cm3 1% starch solution + 1 cm3 saliva water Fig. 2.1 Visking tubing resembles the gut wall in that it is permeable to small molecules but not to large ones. Tests for starch and sugar were carried out on samples of the fluid taken from inside the Visking tubing and the water outside, at the start of the experiment and after 20 minutes. Some of these results are shown in Table 2.1 below. (a) Complete Table 2.1 by using the words present or absent. [4] Table 2.1 © UCLES 2009 result at start result after 20 minutes liquid tested starch sugar starch sugar fluid in R present absent present absent water in R absent absent absent absent fluid in S present absent water in S absent absent 5096/02/O/N/09 www.xtremepapers.net [Turn over 6 (b) Describe how you would carry out the test for sugar on a sample of liquid, and the result you would see if sugar was present. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... [4] [Total: 8] © UCLES 2009 5096/02/O/N/09 www.xtremepapers.net For Examiner’s Use 7 3 Fig. 3.1 shows a section through the skin under two different conditions, P and Q. In P the body is at rest; in Q the body is exercising hard. P For Examiner’s Use Q capillary sweat gland Fig. 3.1 (a) State two ways in which the skin shown in Q differs from P. 1. ...................................................................................................................................... 2. ................................................................................................................................ [2] (b) Explain how each of the differences you stated in (a) will increase heat loss from the skin. 1. ...................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... 2. ...................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... [4] [Total: 6] © UCLES 2009 5096/02/O/N/09 www.xtremepapers.net [Turn over 8 4 Fig. 4.1 shows the bones and related tissues of the elbow joint. For Examiner’s Use Fig. 4.1 (a) Label an example of each of the following tissues on Fig. 4.1. (i) cartilage (ii) ligament (iii) tendon (iv) muscle [4] (b) State two advantages of bone being a living tissue. 1. ...................................................................................................................................... 2. ................................................................................................................................ [2] [Total: 6] © UCLES 2009 5096/02/O/N/09 www.xtremepapers.net 9 5 Fig. 5.1 shows a vertical section through the female reproductive organs. For Examiner’s Use Fig. 5.1 Using label lines and the letters J to N show the following on Fig. 5.1: J – K– L – M– N– where meiosis occurs a ciliated region urethra where implantation occurs where oestrogen is formed [5] [Total: 5] © UCLES 2009 5096/02/O/N/09 www.xtremepapers.net [Turn over 10 6 Read the following paragraph and choose from the terms given below to fill in the blanks left in the passage. active passive antibodies phagocytes antigens plasma long lymphocytes serum short Poisonous snakes can be farmed for their venom. This is collected and a diluted sample is injected into a large animal such as a horse. The horse’s ……………………………… make ……………………………… to the toxin in the venom. Later, larger doses of venom are injected into the horse which responds by forming large numbers of these protective proteins. Blood can be taken from the horse and its corpuscles removed. The resulting liquid, rich in proteins, is called a ……………………………… . If a person is bitten by the same species of snake, the horse-extract can be used to treat that person. This protection is a type of ……………………………… immunity. The protection given is immediate, but is of ……………………………… duration. [5] [Total: 5] © UCLES 2009 5096/02/O/N/09 www.xtremepapers.net For Examiner’s Use 11 7 Fig. 7.1 shows the distribution of rods and cones across the retina of the eye from one side to the other. For Examiner’s Use rods number of cells cones 0 X fovea edge of retina edge of retina Fig. 7.1 (a) In which part of the retina are (i) the most rods found, ....................................................... (ii) the most cones found? ................................................... [2] (b) Identify region X on Fig. 7.1. ................................. [1] (c) State which region of the eye contracts (i) to reduce the amount of light entering the eye, ................................................. (ii) to focus on a near object. .................................................. [2] [Total: 5] © UCLES 2009 5096/02/O/N/09 www.xtremepapers.net [Turn over 12 Section B Answer all the questions, including questions 8, 9 and 10 Either or 10 Or. Write your answers in the spaces provided. 8 (a) State the uses of water in the body. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... [4] (b) Describe the actions of the different parts of the kidney tubule in taking water from the blood and passing it into the urine. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... [7] © UCLES 2009 5096/02/O/N/09 www.xtremepapers.net For Examiner’s Use 13 (c) Describe how the brain and kidney interact when there is a shortage of water in the blood. For Examiner’s Use .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... [4] [Total: 15] © UCLES 2009 5096/02/O/N/09 www.xtremepapers.net [Turn over 14 9 Fig. 9.1 shows a set of living conditions in a poor rural village. latrine For Examiner’s Use people crowded in poorly ventilated rooms manure heap long grass stagnant pond water shallow open well wet muddy ground Fig. 9.1 Describe the possible hazards to health for the people living in this village. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. © UCLES 2009 5096/02/O/N/09 www.xtremepapers.net 15 ................................................................................................................................................. For Examiner’s Use ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................... [15] © UCLES 2009 5096/02/O/N/09 www.xtremepapers.net [Turn over 16 10 Either (a) State which two organs of the body are affected by long-term excessive alcohol intake. .......................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... [2] (b) Explain why it is very unwise to drive a car after drinking alcohol. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... [7] © UCLES 2009 5096/02/O/N/09 www.xtremepapers.net For Examiner’s Use 17 (c) Alcohol is said to be addictive. Explain what this means. .......................................................................................................................................... For Examiner’s Use .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... [2] Fig. 10.1 shows simple apparatus which an experimenter could use to measure the speed of a subject’s reactions. experimenter drops ruler subject catches ruler Fig. 10.1 (d) Describe how this apparatus could be used to measure the effect of drinking alcohol on the subject. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... [4] [Total: 15] © UCLES 2009 5096/02/O/N/09 www.xtremepapers.net [Turn over 18 10 Or (a) State two possible effects on the body of smoking cigarettes for a long time. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... [2] (b) Explain why a woman who smokes when she is pregnant is likely to have smaller than average babies. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... [7] © UCLES 2009 5096/02/O/N/09 www.xtremepapers.net For Examiner’s Use 19 (c) What is meant by the term vital capacity ? .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... [2] Fig. 10.2 shows some apparatus. water-filled jar tube trough Fig. 10.2 (d) Describe how you would use this apparatus to measure the effect of prolonged smoking on vital capacity. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... [4] [Total: 15] © UCLES 2009 5096/02/O/N/09 www.xtremepapers.net For Examiner’s Use 20 BLANK PAGE Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. 5096/02/O/N/09 www.xtremepapers.net
