Centre Number
Candidate
Number
Candidate Name
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE LOCAL EXAMINATIONS SYNDICATE
Joint Examination for the School Certificate
and General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level
HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY
5096/1
PAPER 1
OCTOBER/NOVEMBER SESSION 2001
2 hours
Additional materials:
Answer paper
TIME
2 hours
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page and on all
separate answer paper used.
Section A
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.
Section B
Answer any three questions.
Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided.
At the end of the examination,
1.
fasten all separate answer paper securely to the question paper;
2.
enter the numbers of the Section B questions you have answered
in the grid below.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
The intended number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of
each question or part question.
FOR EXAMINER’S USE
You are advised to spend no longer than 45 minutes on Section A.
Section A
Section B
TOTAL
This question paper consists of 10 printed pages and 2 blank pages.
SB (SLC/SLC) S09046/4
© UCLES 2001
http://www.xtremepapers.net
[Turn over
For
Examiner’s
Use
2
Section A
Answer all the questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided.
1
Use the key to identify organisms A to E. Select your answers from the list below.
bacterium
blood fluke
hookworm
insect
1.
non-cellular...........................................................A
cellular ..................................................................go to 2
2.
unicellular .............................................................go to 3
multicellular ..........................................................go to 4
3.
no true nucleus, cell wall present .........................B
true nucleus, cell wall absent ...............................C
4.
worm-like larval stages.........................................D
at least two hosts in the life cycle .........................E
A
.....................................
B
.....................................
C
.....................................
D
.....................................
E
.....................................
protozoan
virus
[5]
[Total : 5]
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3
2
Substances may move in or out of cells by one of several methods.
(a) Selecting from the terms listed below, identify the method used in each of the following
processes.
active transport
(i)
diffusion
osmosis
phagocytosis
secretion
the movement of water from the gut into the villus cells
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
the movement of glucose into the villus cells against the concentration gradient
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(iii)
the engulfing of bacteria by a white blood cell ......................................................[1]
(iv)
the movement of carbon dioxide from lung cells into the alveolus
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(b) State two methods from the list in (a) that do not require the cell to use energy.
1.
...................................................................................................................................
2.
...............................................................................................................................[2]
[Total : 6]
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4
3
Fig. 3.1 shows part of the gut.
oesophagus
A
B
stomach
small
intestine
Fig. 3.1
(a) Name the organs labelled A and B.
A .......................................................................................................................................
B ...................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Name the secretion from organ A that emulsifies fats.
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Name the enzyme from organ B that digests the emulsified fat.
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(d) State two vitamins that may be dissolved in dietary fat.
1. ......................................................................................................................................
2. ..................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total : 6]
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5
4
Fig. 4.1 shows parts of a spinal reflex arc.
W
Fig. 4.1
(a) Complete Fig. 4.1 to show
(i)
the sensory neurone (label this S),
(ii)
the motor neurone (label this M).
[3]
(b) Name neurone W. ........................................................................................................[1]
(c) What type of transmission occurs between the neurones?
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(d) State one way in which the behaviour of an individual is affected by drinking alcohol.
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total : 6]
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6
5
An experiment was set up to investigate the effect of three different substances, A, B and C,
on the growth of bacterial colonies. Paper discs soaked in the three different substances
were placed on the surface of nutrient agar in a Petri dish. Bacteria were spread over the
agar. The dish was incubated for 24 hours.
Fig. 5.1 shows the results.
key
live colonies of bacteria
A
C
B
A
penicillin
B
a disinfectant
C
an antiseptic
Fig. 5.1
(a) From Fig. 5.1, state which of the three substances is most effective at destroying
bacteria.
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Why would this substance not be used to treat an internal bacterial infection?
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Suggest a suitable control for this experiment.
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
(d) What type of substance is penicillin?
......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total : 5]
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7
6
Brown eye colour is due to the presence of a dominant allele, B; blue eye colour is due to a
recessive allele, b. Fig. 6.1 shows the inheritance of eye colour in two families linked by
marriage.
P
Q
R
T
S
U
V
key
For
Examiner’s
Use
W
brown-eyed male
brown-eyed female
blue-eyed male
blue-eyed female
Fig. 6.1
(a) Using the letters B and b, state the genotypes of individuals P and V.
P .......................................................................................................................................
V ...................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) State, with a reason, which individual in Fig. 6.1 could be homozygous dominant.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total : 4]
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8
7
Table 7.1 shows the differences in chemical composition between inspired and expired air.
Table 7.1
gas
oxygen
carbon dioxide
inspired air
/parts per 100
20
0.04
expired air
/parts per 100
16
4
nitrogen
79
79
other gases
<1
<1
(a) With reference to Table 7.1, state by how many times the amount of carbon dioxide in
the expired air is greater than in the inspired air.
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Calculate the efficiency of the lungs at extracting oxygen from the inspired air. Show
your working.
......................................[1]
(c) State two differences, apart from those in Table 7.1, between expired air and inspired air.
1. ......................................................................................................................................
2. ..................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total : 4]
8
(a) Name the virus that causes AIDS.
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) State why drug users and haemophiliacs are more likely to suffer from AIDS.
drug users ........................................................................................................................
haemophiliacs ..............................................................................................................[2]
(c) Name the body cells that are attacked by the AIDS virus, causing a reduced resistance
to disease.
......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total : 4]
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9
Section B
Answer any three questions.
Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided.
9
(a) Describe how green plants use carbon dioxide.
(b) (i)
(ii)
(c) (i)
(ii)
[4]
Explain why a person’s daily diet should contain,
1.
vitamin C;
2.
calcium.
[5]
State one different source of each of these nutrients.
[2]
Name the blood vessel that carries digested food from the alimentary canal to the liver.
[1]
Describe what may happen in the liver to,
1.
glucose;
2.
amino acids.
[8]
[Total : 20]
10 (a) Outline the route that blood takes from the pulmonary vein to the kidneys.
[5]
(b) Explain why it is important that blood circulating through the left side of the heart is kept
separate from blood in the right side.
[3]
(c) Explain why it is necessary for the blood pressure to be high in a glomerulus in the kidney. [5]
(d) State where, in the heart, the pacemaker is found and describe its function.
[4]
(e) Explain how carbon monoxide affects the functioning of the red blood cells.
[3]
[Total : 20]
11
(a) Outline four functions of the skeleton.
[4]
(b) (i)
Explain how the functions of tendons differ from those of ligaments.
[4]
Describe the features of a joint that help to reduce friction.
[3]
State one feature of bone that suggests it is a living tissue.
[1]
Explain why it is an advantage that the skeleton is made of living tissue.
[2]
(ii)
(c) (i)
(ii)
(d) Explain how muscles move food along the alimentary canal.
[6]
[Total : 20]
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10
12 (a) (i)
(ii)
Name, in their correct sequence, the four stages in the life cycle of the Anopheles
mosquito.
[1]
Describe how each stage obtains its food.
[6]
(b) Describe and explain one large-scale method used to control each stage in the life cycle of
the mosquito. Choose a different method for each stage.
[8]
(c) Describe the main signs of malaria.
[3]
(d) Explain why a person with malaria should sleep under a net.
[2]
[Total : 20]
13 (a) Name two substances, other than sewage, that pollute water and state how each substance
harms the environment.
[4]
(b) (i)
(ii)
Describe how the following stages of water treatment help to clean river water.
1.
The water is kept in an open reservoir or tank.
2.
The water is filtered.
[4]
Explain why further treatment is likely to be needed before this water is safe for people to
drink and describe two methods of treatment.
[4]
(c) Describe the different ways in which water is used in the body.
[8]
[Total : 20]
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