Lecture 22
• Presentations
• 10 minutes (+2 minutes for questions)
• Highlight your project
• Should give brief rationale for why you chose the species
• What your product / project is
• Who your target population is
• Why your approach will be effective
• How you feel your public awareness campaign will have an effect
on your chosen species.
• If you have a product (pamphlet, poster, keychain, etc), you should have a
final version of it to show the class.
• Practice!! If you read off a script, stumble through your description, or fail
to make audience eye contact, no matter how good your product is,
people will find it less persuasive and compelling
Management of Invasive Species
• Control / Containment / Exclusion
• A last-resort strategy for widespread invasives where area-wide eradication
is no longer practical economically or ecologically.
• Continues in perpetuity (= large long-term costs)
• Control
 Physical or mechanical
 Chemical
 Biological*
• Exclusion / Containment
 Barriers (physical or quarantine)
 Eradication beyond established area
* may permanently reduce invasive to a minor component of the landscape
Brown Tree Snake Program
• Canine Detection
• Guam & Oahu. Beagles inspect all air cargo
• Habitat Modification
• Forested areas completely removed around cargo / transportation
handling facilities
• Physical Barriers
• 22.5 ha enclosed within vinyl and smooth concrete around the seaport
on Guam
• Trapping
• Cone traps baited with a mouse or a gecko
• 17,600 snakes trapped 1996-1998
• Visual Searches
• At night, spotting lamps used around airport perimeters
• 3600 snakes intercepted 1994-1998
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RjMx2r9nnZg (video of the tree snake
program)
Slow-the-Spread
 Developed for gypsy moth
 Slow the rate at which it colonizes new areas
 This has significant economic return as resources that would be spent on
gypsy moth can be utilized for other purposes
 Integrated management – utilize a combination of different approaches at the
leading edge and beyond
SLAM – Slow Ash Mortality
• Adopted knowledge from the gypsy moth STS program
• Reduce ash phloem on the landscape to levels that make it difficult for EAB to
be very successful.
• Strict firewood regs / and log movement
• Eradicate outliers if possible
• In urban areas, remove low value ash street trees and replace with other
species , protect high value trees.
•
Control Options for Various Organisms
• Plants
• Biological – herbivores, pathogens
• Chemical – Herbicides
• Physical / Mechanical – Pick n’ pull, soil tilling, fire, submergence,
harvesting equipment
• Vertebrates
• Biological – predators**, pathogens, and parasites
• Chemical – 1080 (monofluoroacetate) mammalian predators,
warfarin (rodents), rotenone (fish), fenthion (birds)
• Physical / Mechanical – Trapping, Hunting
• Other – Birth control
• Insects
• Biological – predators*, pathogens, parasites, parasitoids
• Chemical – insecticides, synthetic pheromones, kairomones.
• Biological insecticides, Bacillus thuringiensis, various viruses and fungi
• Physical / Mechanical – Trapping
• Other - Sterile male release
Chemical Management
• The most cost effective way to manage many invasive plants is with
herbicides.
• Unfortunately, many state and non-profit agencies are very resistant to using
chemicals on their lands.
• Manual removal in sensitive areas may cause more environmental
damage than chemical.
• DEC, Audubon Society against, TNC and USFWS National
refuges allow use.
•
•
Chemicals have an important role and some classes are very safe if proper
application procedures and label requirements are followed.
• Should be considered as part of a comprehensive integrated pest or
weed management plan (IPM)