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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
General Certificate of Education
Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level
9696/02, 9696/03
GEOGRAPHY
Papers 2 and 3
October/November 2004
3 hours
INSERT
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
This insert contains all the Figures referred to in the questions.
This document consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page.
SP (DR) S60878/4
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23oS
0o
23oN
cT
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Continental tropical
cT
Air mass movement
Maritime tropical
mT
Key:
Air masses
mT
source
Intertropical convergence zone
mT
source
mT
dry
cT
mT
moist
mT
source
mT
moist
mT
mT
source dry
mT
dry
cT
source
cT
Tropical air mass source regions
Fig.1 for Question 2
mT
moist
mT
moist
mT
source
mT
dry
cT
source
mT 23oS
moist
0o
mT
23oN
source
Intertropical convergence zone
cT
source
2
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B
CONSOLIDATE
BEHIND INLAND
DEFENCE
Extensive land-fill
cliff strengthening
improved land
drainage
A
DO NOTHING
LET COAST
ERODE/FLOOD
Rehousing, resiting
of buildings and
highways.
Pay compensation
OPTIONS
Achieved
by:
Traditional ‘hard’
engineering: sea
walls, groynes
revetments
C
MAINTAIN
EXISTING
COASTLINE
Near shore filling
beach nourishment
D
EXTEND OUT
TO SEA
Some Options for the Defence of Coastlines Under Threat from Erosion
Fig. 2 for Question 4
3
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30o
0o
30o
Low to moderate seismic risk
120o
60o
High to very high seismic risk
0o
60o
120o
Active volcanoes
Seismic (earthquake) Risk and Active Volcanoes
Fig. 3 for Question 6
4
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5
Fig. 4A for Question 8
Annual rainfall in the Sahel 1900-2000 in relation to the average for 1951-80
Annual rainfall
% difference from the average
40
more than
average
20
average rainfall
0
-20
less than
average
-40
1900
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1920
1940
1960
1980
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2000
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6
Fig. 4B for Question 8
Stages in the spread of the desert into a small area of the Sahel
Key:
village
well
desert
Stage 1
N
0
1
km
Stage 2
Stage 3
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2
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7
Fig. 5 for Question 10
The product life cycle model
stage 1
early
stage 3
mature
stage 2
growth
stage 4
decline/
obsolescence
sales
$
time
early
stage
growth
management
2
1
scientific
engineering
know how
1
2
3
3
2
1
2
3
1
1
inputs
unskilled and
semiskilled
labour
external
economies
of scale
capital
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1
3
mature
3
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8
Fig. 6 for Question 11
The ship MV Greenpeace at a wind farm off the coast of Denmark
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9
Fig. 7 for Question 12
Global water demand, 1900, 1990 and 2000
6000
5000
4000
km3/year
3000
2000
1000
2000
1990
1900
total
storage
urban
industry
agriculture
0
sector
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San Pedro
de Alcántara
San Pedro
de Alcántara
Alc ntara
Estepona
Estepona
Manilva
airport
land over 200 m
camping
self-catering
hotel
Manilva
1000
5000
bed spaces
Marbella
Marbella
0
km
Nerja
10
Rincón de
la Victoria
Torre del
Mar
MEDITERRANEAN
SEA
Torre del
Mar
Málaga
Rincón de
la Victoria
Fuengirola Benalmadena Torremolinos
Fuengirola
Benalmadena
Torremolinos
Málaga
laga
Tourism development on the Costa del Sol, Spain, 1988
Fig. 8 for Question 14
Nerja
10
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11
Fig. 9 for Question 16
The core-periphery model of regional development
eripheral
D p
reg
ion
B
upward
transition region
A
growth
core
region
resour C
ce fro
region ntier
Key:
flows of labour, capital, goods
and commodities
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BLANK PAGE
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of
the University of Cambridge.
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