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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
General Certificate of Education
Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level
*3012790273*
9693/04
MARINE SCIENCE
Data-Handling and Free-Response
May/June 2010
Paper 4
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer Section A on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials:
Answer Booklet/Paper
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Answer all questions.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
Section A
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.
Section B
Answer all questions.
Answer the questions on the separate answer paper provided.
For Examiner’s Use
1
2
3
4
Total
This document consists of 7 printed pages and 1 blank page.
DC (CB/CS/SW) 16868/4
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Section A
For
Examiner’s
Use
Answer both questions in this section
1
The amount of light, of a particular wavelength, that a pigment absorbs can be measured. It
is possible to plot a graph to show how much light is absorbed at different wavelengths. This
is called the absorption spectrum.
Fig. 1.1 shows the absorption spectra of two pigments, chlorophyll a and fucoxanthin, found
in marine algae.
100
90
80
Key:
70
chlorophyll a
fucoxanthin
60
relative
absorbance / % 50
40
30
20
10
0
300
350
400
450 500 550
wavelength / nm
600
650
700
Fig. 1.1
(a) (i)
Describe the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a shown in Fig 1.1.
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(ii)
Describe two differences between the absorption spectra of fucoxanthin and
chlorophyll a.
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3
maximum depth of light penetration / m
(b) Fig. 1.2 shows the maximum depth that light of different wavelengths penetrates through
sea water off the west coast of Chile.
300
0
350
400
wavelength / nm
450
500
550
600
650
For
Examiner’s
Use
700
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Fig. 1.2
Suggest why green algae are found mainly near the surface of the water.
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(c) In a study, samples of water were collected at different depths. The concentrations of
chlorophyll a and fucoxanthin in the sea water were determined at each depth. The
results are shown in Fig. 1.3.
10
10
20
20
30
depth / m
depth / m
0
concentration of chlorophyll a / mg m-3
0
2
4
6
8
10 12
0
concentration of fucoxanthin / mg m-3
6
8
0
2
4
30
40
40
50
50
60
60
Fig. 1.3
Use the information in Fig. 1.1 and Fig. 1.2 to suggest explanations for the results shown
in Fig. 1.3.
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[Total: 9]
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Examiner’s
Use
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5
Fig. 2.1 shows the age of Georges Bank Atlantic cod commercial landings over the period of
1978–2004. The width of each circle represents the size of the catch at a particular age.
year
2
For
Examiner’s
Use
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
1
2
3
4
5
6
age of fish / years
7
8
9
10+
Fig. 2.1
(a) Describe the general trends in catches between 1978–2004.
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(b) Using the data in Fig. 2.1 predict what will happen to cod stocks from 2004 and beyond.
Explain your predictions.
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(c) Table 2.1 shows the total international catches of North Sea cod for the period
1981–1991.
Table 2.1
year
Total cod catch / 1000 tonnes
1981
325
1982
300
1983
260
1984
225
1985
210
1986
200
1987
210
1988
195
1989
150
1990
130
1991
110
Calculate the percentage decrease of total cod catch for the entire 10 year period
1981–1991. Show all working.
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(d) Suggest which fishing methods could be used to prevent the overfishing of the Georges
Bank Atlantic cod, and how these methods could impact on the fishing towns of the
area.
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[Total: 11]
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7
Section B
Answer all questions in this section.
3
(a) Describe the life cycle of the salmon stating the habitats for each stage.
[7]
(b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of internal and external fertilisation in marine
organisms.
[3]
(c) Describe the care of the offspring of tuna and whale and in each case explain how maximal
survival of the offspring is achieved.
[5]
4
(a) State what is meant by intensive and extensive aquaculture.
[2]
(b) Name one marine species that is produced by aquaculture and describe the requirements for
a successful and sustainable aquaculture venture.
[6]
(c) Suggest the likely impacts that aquaculture could have on local ecosystems and human
populations. Discuss the steps that could be taken to minimise the impact.
[7]
[Total: 30]
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8
BLANK PAGE
Copyright Acknowledgements:
Question 2 Figure 2.1
© Graph of Georges Bank cod commercial landings by age between 1974-2004; http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/sos/spsyn/pg/cod/
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2010
9693/04/M/J/10
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