STUDIES ON THE FAUNA OF CURAÇAO AND OTHER
CARIBBEAN
ISLANDS:
Opisthobranchs
from
the
No.
Lesser
79.
Antilles
by
Eveline
Bois-Reymond
du
de
(Departamento
Thanks to
DINIZ
Zoologia
CORRÊA,
lecturer in
a
our
for
opisthobranchs
Furthermore,
his
us
from
sketched them
us,
Marine
July
to
studies she
and
alive,
PIETER WAGENAAR
Dr.
1962.
collected
took notes of
their
HUMMELINCK, of Utrecht,
studied
already
were
Lamellariacea which, since the
studied
with
together
The indication
(C)
(H)
or
by
living
(H
1056Aa,
be
slugs
H
found,
volume of this
(PWH).
1320, etc.) under which
refer
to
series,
or
his
to
list
a
of
have
signifies
the latter's
by
(1936).
a
traditionally
(See
Table
Dr. CORREA'S
1.)
or
fieldnotes and sketches
His
station
description
of
1930-1949 localities
forthcoming
the
collections, including
Opisthobranchia.
after the date
indicated
are
Aplysiidae, caught
Challenger Report,
the
HUMMELINCK'S collection;
of
the
ENGEL
There are 55 identifiablespecies inthe two
can
Dr. DIVA
(Caribbean
January
own
collections, with exception of
1930, which
Dr.
Paulo)
and colours.
has sent
been
Marcus
able to work at
was
Instituut”
Besides actinians and nemerteans for her
in
Sao
de
Department,
Marien-Biologisch
Biological Institute; Carmabi) Curaçao,
shape
Ernst
and
help of the Government of the Netherlands,
“Caraïbisch
the
Marcus
da Universidade
numbers
the habitat
in
the 4th
in which the
paper,
1955
localities will be described.
The
material which
presented
by
him
rector: Prof. Dr.
to
H.
was
the
returned to
Zoological
ENGEL).
Dr.
HUMMELINCK has been
Museum
at
Amsterdam
(Di-
2
LIST
Subclass
Order
SPECIES
OF
THE
PRESENT
PAPER
OPISTHOBRANCHIA
CEPHALASPIDEA
Suborder
SCAPHANDRACEA
ATHYIDAE
Family
1.
Suborder
Suborder
Haminoea
elegans (Gray,
1825)
PHILINACEA
AGLAJIDAE
Family
2.
Chelidonura
hirundinina
3.
Chelidonura
evelinae
(Quoy
Marcus,
&
Gaimard,
1833)
Fig.
9
1955
PELTACEA
RUNCINIDAE
Family
4.
Order
IN
CLASSIFIED
Ildica
divae,
Fig.
nov.
spec.
1-7
ANASPIDEA
APLYSIIDAE
Family
Subfamily Aplysiinae
5.
Aplysia (Pruvotaplysia) parvula
6.
Aplysia (Varria)
brasiliana
7.
Aplysia (Varria)
cervina
8.
Aplysia (Varria) dactylomela Rang,
Subfamily
9.
10.
Order
(Dall
&
1863
1828
Simpson,
1901)
1828
Dolabriferinae
Dolabrifera dolabrifera (Rang,
Phyllaplysia engeli Marcus,
Subfamily
Morch,
Rang,
1828)
1955
Notarchinae
11.
Stylocheilus longicauda (Quoy
12.
Bursatella leachii
&
Gaimard, 1824)
Fig.
10-21
pleii (Rang, 1828)
ASCOGLOSSA
Suborder
OXYNOACEA
Family
OXYNOIDAE
13.
Family
14.
Suborder
antillarum
Oxynoe
Morch,
1863
LOBIGERIDAE
Lobiger
souverbiei
P.
Fischer,
1856
ELYSIACEA
Family
POLYBRANCHIIDAE
15.
16.
Family
Polybranchia
Cyerce
viridis
antillensis
(Deshayes,
Engel,
1857)
Fig.
1927
63
Fig.
22—24
Fig.
25-26
STILIGERIDAE
Subfamily Stiligerinae
17.
Stiliger (Stiliger)
18.
Stiliger (Ercolania)
vanellus
costai
Marcus,
1957
Pruvot-Fol,
1951
3
Subfamily
19.
dendritica
(Alder
&
Hancock,
1843)
20.
Elysia
21.
Elysia papillosa Verrill,
22.
Elysia
23.
Tridachia
ornata
(Swainson,
Marcus,
cauze
1840)
Fig. 27-28,
64
Fig.
29
1901
1957
crispata Morch,
1863
NOTASPIDEA
Suborder
PLEUROBRANCHACEA
Family
PLEUROBRANCHIDAE
Subfamily
Order
(Placida)
ELYSIIDAE
Family
Order
Hermaeinae
Hermaea
Pleurobranchinae
24.
Berthella
25.
Pleurobranchus
agassizii (MacFarland, 1909)
(Pleurobranchus)
areolatus
Morch,
1863
NUDIBEANCHIA
Suborder
Section
Tribe
DORIDACEA
Eudoridacea
Cryptobranchia
DORIDIDAE
Family
Subfamily
Chromodoridinae
26.
Cadlina
27.
Chromodoris
Subfamily
28.
1955
Marcus,
binza,
spec.
nov.
Fig.
30-31
Fig.
32-35
Fig.
36-39
Fig.
40—42
Fig.
43—46
Fig.
65-66
Doridinae
Doris
Subfamily
rumia
bovena
Marcus,
1955
Discodoridinae
29.
Peltodoris
30.
Discodoris
hummelincki,
mortenseni,
spec.
spec.
nov.
nov.
Subfamily Halgerdinae
31.
Tribe
antillensis
Bergh,
1879
Phanerobranchia
Superfamily
Section
Nonsuctoria
POLYCERIDAE
Family
32.
Polycerella
33.
Polycera herthae,
conyna
Marcus,
spec.
1957
nov.
Porostomata
Family
DENDRODORIDIDAE
34.
Suborder
Aphelodoris
Dendrodoris
krebsii
Morch,
1863
DENDRONOTACEA
Family
SCYLLAEIDAE
35.
Scyllaea pelagica Linn£,
1758
4
Family
HANCOCKIIDAE
36.
Family
Suborder
Tribe
Doto
39.
Doto
divae
Marcus,
1960
40.
Doto
chica
Marcus,
1960
41.
Doto
doerga,
spec.
1881
1955
pita Marcus,
Fig.
nov.
67
Fig.
47-51
Fig.
52-54
EOLIDACEA
Pleuroprocta
CORYPHELLIDAE
Coryphella dushia,
nov.
spec.
Acleioprocta
FIONIDAE
43.
Family
Fiona
pinnata (Eschscholtz,
1831)
CUTHONIDAE
44.
Catriona
tina
45.
Catriona
maua
Fig. 55-56,
1957
Marcus,
68
1960
Marcus,
Cleioprocta
Family
FACELINIDAE
46.
Learchis
poica Marcus,
1960
47.
Moridilla
kristenseni,
48.
Phidiana
lynceus Bergh,
Family
Family
spec.
Fig.
nov.
57-60
1867
GLAUCIDAE
49.
Glaucus
atlanticus Forster,
1777
FAVORININAE
Subfamily
50.
Facalaninae
Dondice occidentalis
Subfamily
Order
cinerea Trinchese,
Doto
38.
Family
Subclass
1957
Marcus,
DOTOIDAE
42.
Tribe
ryrca
37.
Family
Tribe
Hancockia
(Engel,
1925)
Favorininae
sebastiani
51.
Nanuca
52.
Favorinus branchialis
53.
Favorinus
Marcus,
auritulus
1957
carneus
Marcus,
(Alder
&
1855)
Fig.
61
Bois-Reymond
Fig.
62
Hancock,
1955
PROSOBRANCHIA
MESOGASTROPODA
Superfamily
Family
Lamellariacea
LAMELLARIIDAE
54.
Lamellaria
55.
Lamellaria
Marcus,
perspicua perspicua
perspicua
1958
I
.inno,
mopsicolor
du
1758
5
Table
1.
LOCALITIES
OF
OPISTHOBRANCHS
THE
treated in this paper.
h
=
new
=
new
material
collected
by
material collected
=
material
v
=
material collected
m
=
previously
material collected
by
DIVA DINIZ CORRÊA
P.
collected
the
by
by
C.
by
T. MORTENSEN
J.
(1962)
WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK
VAN
DER
same
(1930),
HORST
(1920),
Chelidonura evelinae
CH
4
Ildica divae
C
5
Aplysia
6
I
Aplysia brasiliana
7
Aplysia cervina
H
8
Aplysia dactylomela
H
9
Dolabrifera dolabrifera
11
....
....
Bursatella leachii pleii
Oxynoe
14
15
antillarum
Lobiger souverbiei
Hh
H
CHh
17
Stiliger vanellus ....
C
antillensis
18
Stiliger costai
....
19
Hermaea
20
Elysia
v
v
CH
v
H
C
C
21
Elysia
Elysia
Tridachia crispata
24
Berthella agassizii
25
Pleurobranchus
26
Cadlina
27
Chromodoris binza
28
Doris
29
Peltodoris hummelincki
30
Discodoris
31
Aphelodoris antillensis
32
Polycerella
33
Polycera herthae....
C
34
Dendrodoris krebsii
C
35
Scyllaea pelagica
36
Hancockia
37
Doto
38
Doto pita
....
39
Doto
divae
40
Doto
....
chica
41
Doto
doerga[
42
Coryphella dushia
43
Fiona pinnata
....
v
H
H
CH
C
....
....
areolatus
v
....
H
CH
H
.... H
CH
....
....
....
mortenseni
C
m
C
conyna
H
....
....
H
H
H
ryrca
C
H
H
H
....
H
H
C
H
C
H
Catriona tinas
H
poica
C
C
....
48
Phidiana lynceus
49
Glaucus atlanticus
50
Dondice occidentalis
51
Nanuca sebastianii
52
Favorinus branchialis
H
H
C
maua i
....
Moridilla kristenseni
....
....
....
C
v
H
v
H
H
H
H
C
....
C
carneus
....
53
Favorinus
54
Lamellaria perspicua perspicua
55
Lamellaria
auritulus
C
....
on
H
?
H
....
....
Totals
H
H
C
....
cinerea
....
Catriona
H
v
C
....
bovena
....
Learchis
H
C
cauze
46
H
....
I
dendritica
....
papillosa
....
....H
45
H
v
C
23
47
Hh
C
22
44
H
H
C
ornata
rumia
H
H
C
....
....
Cyerce
H
Hh
C
.... H
....
16
h
CHh
viridis
Polybranchia
H
H
engeli
13
Anguila Bimini Atlantic
h
Hh
....
....
Stylocheilus longicauda
....
St. St.
St.
Hh
CH
H
....
....
Martin
Kit s Barts
C
parvula.... H
12
1927
H
C
....
....
Chelidonura hirundinina
3
Phyllaplysia
1925,
Ocean
Curasao Bonaire Guanta Cubagua Tobago Aves Antigua
Aruba
2
10
1936
cf. ENGEL
(Ven.)
Species
Haminoea elegans
(1930—1955)
ENGEL
(1916)
Localities
1
cf.
perspicua mopsicolor
Netherlands Antilles
....
|
H
C
C
13
|
43
|
15
j
|
|
|
|
j
|
|
H
|
C
6
1.
Haminoea
PILSBRY
1893, p.
MARCUS
355;
CURASAO:
Piscadera
elegans
1957a,
MARCUS
395;
p.
from
Baai,
(Gray,
Thalassia,
1825)
1958b,
35.
p.
5.-9.IV. 1962
26
(C),
snails
of
different sizes.
BONAIRE:
Paloe
Lechi
(=
Playa
24.11.1949
Lechi),
(H
1
1056Aa),
small
specimen.
Further
p.
distribution:
Rio
278); Brazil,
According
Texas
refer
2.
Southeast
Janeiro
to modern
WARMKE &
I.e.;
de
to
Florida
and coast
1961,
Haminoea succinea
(Conrad,
BABA
1962,
1895,
1949,
34;
p.
22,
p.
Piscadera
CURASAO:
Further
distribution:
and New South
This first
in
ences
1949, pi.
Wales,
2
17
Port
of Florida
BABA &
1833)
PRUVOT-FOL
(var. elegans) ;
Baai,
from
Thalassia,
from
ABE
1959,
on
typical
1958,
p.
are
pointing
was
4
to
Fig.
1934,
p.
9
29;
MACNAE
279;
1
Japan,
13
the
spec.
New
Caledonia,
32: Ch.
(fig.
adamsi).
slight differ-
representatives
(BABA
median and lateral blue
white,
not
front
quite complete, and the
replaced by
are
long alive,
hence
definitive shell
p.
CURASAO:
slug; id.,
the
id.,
95;
1960a,
Sta.
first
(C),
from
MARCUS
Baai, creek,
lagoon,
Carmabi,
VI. 1962
140;
p.
Marta
(Fig. 9)
shell measured 2
Chelidonuraevelinae
1955,
quite
larval shell.
mm-long brown, transparant,
3.
two
two
parallel
yellow
trans-
obliquely upwards.
mm
mm-long specimens the
of
(C),
hirundinina has
Indo-Pacific
frontispiece):
outer lines
opaque,
1
to
Jackson (ANGAS 1867, p.l 16, pi.
either side in
streaks
MARCUS
2.III.1962
Mozambique
specimen of Ch.
from
fig. 4;
The animal
0.4
193; ABBOTT,
p.
coast
interrupted, and the blue of the tails is also less intense. The
are
triangles
long,
1955,
from the west
1846).
131;
p.
1955,
(ABBOTT
(Quoy & Gaimard,
213
p.
1951,
Indo-Pacific
Atlantic
colour
golden-yellow
verse
1900 a,
RISBEC
Indies
194.
p.
lines
BERGH
124;
West
SCHWENGEL
the records
142)
p.
the
Paulo.
&
conchologists (PERRY
ABBOTT
Chelidonura hirundinina
PILSBRY
and
of S.
24.11.1955
Padina
1 adult and 2
J.
1
Halimeda,
small spec.
out
mm-
over
In RISBEC'S
the
mature,
1955
451.
Zaneveld
(H 1321),
and
p.
The 0.6
mm.
Marcus,
1962b,
S.
young.
stands
leg.,
spec.;
7.XI.1954
Piscadera
II.—III. 1962
(C),
(H
Baai,
1320),
in front
3 small
spec.;
7
LA
W
FOURCHE,
Further
St.
Miami; Virgin Islands,
One
mm
Barts:
2.VI.1949
animals
and
20
(H
young, 3-4
in
appeared
the
blue,
as
in the
of
Chelidonura
Marta Baai
length alive
three
Biscayne Bay
50
was
were
was
concentrated
the
white
PRUVOT-FOL
africana
slug,
Co.;
or
than
up to 40
from
44)
Pacific
from
species
present
coast
the south
the
of
mm.
pattern
transverse
bands.
on
spots
the borders of
orange.
(1953,
Turkey,
West
25
the
dorsal
p.
31) from Dakar and
the Atlantic coast of Morocco, and Ch. mediterranea SWENNEN
p.
near
long,
mm
larger
the whitish
original material,
and mantle lobes
parapodia
Dade
coast of S. Paulo.
mm-long animals,
form
1
1124),
high, hence considerably
mm
seen, whose
previously
In the
John; Brazil,
slug from Santa
preserved
broad,
Besides
of St.
distribution: Florida, Upper Long Reef,
be
can
Atlantic of
added to
this
(1961,
the
two
Indo-
principally
genus.
4.
Ildica
CURASAO :
hanging
Piscadera
from the
Baai,
pier
divae,
on
of the
algae
from
Carmabi,
the
bottom
also from
1—7
Figs.
nov.
spec.
or
Thalassia,
from
the
II.-IV.
panels
1962
(C),
7 spec.
Living snails (Fig.
They
were
brown,
underside is
1)
also
light. The tail
about
with
was
0.2
a
It
mm.
wide
specimen
exposed
is
the
farther behind the
the
To
the
black
out
behind the bilobate notum.
and
right
eyes
gizzard plates,
contracted
forms
The
jaw plates
the central
Their
one
aspect
is
are
composed
appear
and
two
1
the
near
rows
whorl
gill.
the
so
that
measures
which
In
a
ends
clarified
anterior
of eggs
platelets
lateral tooth
The lateral teeth
(Fig. 2),
(Fig. 4)
are
end,
seen
in
mass.
of rhomboid
14 rows, each with
(Fig. 6).
one
of it lies
gonad, followed by the female gland
radula contains
broad.
furrow between notum and
strongly
cup-shaped
mm
A
in the notal notch. This shell
aperture.
(Fig. 3)
stands
were
long and about 0.5
mm
the sole.
on
The animals had dried and
the shell
1.5
were
are
on
(Fig. 5). The
either side of
hooks with broad bases.
extremely variable, according
to
their
position.
The
broad cusp of the rhachidian tooth is notched in the middle and bears
a row
of very small denticles. Of the four
and two 8
ridges
with dentate borders
gizzard plates
(Fig. 7).
two have 7
8
The structure of
a
from
the
stained
gill (Fig. 8)
with
of
carmine
dium of the
plicate
46)
p.
each side
of the
The
species
The
holotype,
material is
kept
an
Canada
be
of
S.
balsam.
Paulo
As
ascertained in
but its
the
notum to the
the
had received it
We
right
of
the
of
anus
sinus
(si),
a
also
gill, single
description
perirectal
the
such
the
and
and
dorso-ventrally compressed cteni-
a
In Runcinella zelandica ODHNER
type.
plicate,
laterally compressed
gills,
one
on
anus.
named for
is
2
in
of
specimen
a
University
classified;
blood from
folded
are
Paulo.
the
complete
can
(h). It is
or
there
examined in
cannot
type
under the
receives
it to the heart
passes
(1924,
its
of
mounted
Cura?ao,
gill lies
dorsal,
slightly
and
and
from
snails
latter. The
of S.
zone
the animal cannot be
preparation,
the
shell
a
was
Institute
Oceanographic
presence
in
the
runcinid from the littoral
intact
in the
Dr.
DIVA DINIZ
specimen,
Department
was
of
CORR£A
sent to Dr.
HUMMEUNCK
Zoology, Faculty
of
the rest
;
of the
Philosophy, University
of
S. Paulo.
The
(1889,
new
species
is
is the
871)
p.
assigned
only
shell. The material of I.
nana
Gymnodoris,
to-day
ana,
reported
fages,
1844)
(1953,
fig. le; GANTES 1956,
and
1B).
These shells
fig. 45-46),
shell.
elioti
fig. 4).
In
plumes
that of
and
the
a
203),
p.
especially
a
and
the
from
cuica
first
with
BABA
p.
a
those
pi.
8
MARCUS
true larval
of
Runcina
ctenidium of
a
(1954,
whorls,
178,
engeli
runcinid with
similar to
are
species
(Quatre-
without
(1953,
Phyllaplysia
with
PRUVOT-FOL
setoensis
MARCUS
shell of
from
reported
were
Virgin
Islands,
Bermuda.
that of R.
R.
Trevely-
a
conforms
africana
longish platelets
external
an
Runcina coronata
105), R.
prasina (MORCH, 1863,
from
28)
or
shell
Its
BERGH
nana
with
several
shell.
Two other runcinids
(1901,
viz.
257),
p.
secondary
p.
and without
fig. 27-29)
p.
discoid
family
found in the stomach of
radular teeth
its
(1937,
lantic: Runcina
1885,
Pluscula
because Ildica
of the
Mauritius.
Ildica divae is the
shape,
BABA
are
was
runcinids,
(VAYSSIERE
resemble
(1957b,
from other
Ildica,
species
near
those
fig.
to
other
prasina,
p.
and
42;
R.
Neither has
differs
the
widely
a
tropical West At-
BERGH
1872a,
inconspicua
shell,
and
pi.
24
VERRILL
the
colour,
from that of I. divae.
9
PRUVOT-FOL
1915, is
a
(1954,
synonym
thinks
55)
p.
that
R.
of coronata, but the radula
calaritana
Colosi,
(STARMUHLNER 1955,
fig. 4) is different.
Aplysia (Pruvotaplysia)
5.
ENGEL
1927,
90,
p.
ARUBA: N
1
fig. 4-6;
of Seroe
ENGEL
Colorado
1936a,
(=
Seroe
EAI.ES
15, fig. 8-14;
p.
1863
Mörch,
1960,
2.V.1955
Corrd), Oostpunt,
p.
287.
(H 1309),
spec.
CURASAO : Plaja Hoeloe,
Piscadera
IV. 1962
KLEIN
Further
Lat.
parvula
40°
Baai,
(C),
5
W
In
40° S.
to
of
St.
Kruis
Baai,
28.X. 1948
of the
(H
pier
1023),
of the
2
spec.;
Carmabi,
spec.
BONAIRE:
point,
distribution: In
N
S
algae growingon the pillars
among
all
the
28.III.1955
and
warm
(H
1367),
4
spec
from
warm-temperate seas
Netherlands
Antilles
already
approximately
recorded
from
Bonaire
(ENGEL 1936a).
The
shell
Piscadera
expelled
rimmed
60
the
biggest
was
during
from
(40
with
The
(var.
the
v.
sea-hares
Dark
algae.
oval
large
nigrocincta
coast of Brazil
Bahia,
animals of this
of
long)
mm
overgrown
narcotization.
with black
specimen
Living
of
Baai
mantle
Martens,
reach
a
length
was
foramen is
1880),
(MARCUS 1958b,
species rarely
from
secretion
as
in
our
44).
p.
of
more
than
mm.
1828
Aplysia (Varria) brasiliana Rang,
6.
MARCUS
1957c,
ARUBA;
p.
4;
EALES
Rincon,
N
1960,
of Boca
p.
297.
Grandi,
CUBAGUA: NVV coast, 21.V.1936
Further
Sta.
distribution:
Catharina;
From
EALES'
characters:
strongly
brown,
spotted,
East
"high
West
Atlantic,
Atlantic,
massive,
we
or
green,
with black
Alive up to 270
mm
greyish
New
Jersey
the
2
slugs.
to
Brazil,
southwards
following
elongated
posteriorly.
purplish
pigment forming
long".
1310),
to
Helena.
quote
with
or
(H
2 spec.
from
contractile. Much swollen
bottle
7.V.1955
Ghana and St.
description
and
(H),
a
head and
Colour
black,
fine
very
principal
neck,
but
variable,
unicoloured
veining
or
or
network.
10
Aplysia (Varria)
7.
MACFARLAND
p.
1909, p.
143; EALES
1960,
ARUBA:
Further
eastern
e.g.
Brazil,
to
of Boca
Cura9ao,
of
coast
the
by
attain
Grandi,
7.V. 1955
Rifwater
(ENGEL,
and
1927,
Alagoas
(H 1310),
1936a);
and
S.
p.
ARUBA:
spec.;
1960a,
spec.
Atlantic
Central
100
from
and
the
Paulo.
on
living
the sides
of
sea-hares of
mm.
dactylomela Rang,
Engel
seaboard
America
1936a,
5,
p.
1828
Eales
fig. 1-7;
1960,
307;
p.
452.
Palm
Beach,
3.1.1949
leg.,
1.XI.1954
S coast of
(H),
Cura?ao,
1
(H),
30.IV. 1949
CuRAfAo: Knip Baai,
Zaneveld
1
scattered dark brown spots
1-2;
fig.
84,
p.
1962b,
3; MARCUS
1959a, p.
Florida, through
length of about
a
1902)
1962b, p. 451.
Aplysia (Varria)
8.
Marcus
Simpson,
which is smaller than in brasiliana. The
body,
Engel
&
(Dall
13; MARCUS
1936a, p.
MARCUS
South Carolina
Characterized
cervina
N
distribution:
West Indies
the
299;
Rinc6n,
U.S.A.,
ENGEL
38;
p.
cervina
spec.
(H
Brother
1
1018),
1 spec.;
spec.;
Spaanse
M. Realino
Baai,
Sta.
Marta
21.IV.1949
Baai,
(H
16.XI. 1947
Janssen leg.,
S.
J.
1
1037),
(H),
1
spec.
ST.
KITTS
ST.
MARTIN:
ANGUILLA:
Further
terranean
St.
(=
N
of
distribution:
Sea,
and
20.VII.1955
Christopher): Frigate Bay,
Great
Bay,
Sandy
3.VI.1955
Ground,
in
Worldwide
evidently
rare
(H),
1
19.VI.1949
warm
(H 1397),
2
spec.
spec.
(H
Not
seas.
(PILSBRY 1895,
p.
1142),
88)
1
spec.
recorded
on
the
from
tropical
the
Pacific
Medicoast
of the Americas.
A detailed
description
upon material collected
1930 is
given by
reproduced
this
as
species
by
ENGEL:
a
frontispiece
attains
a
pattern
ENGEL
1927,
7; MARCUS
p.
94, fig.
painting
in
length
7-9
and measurements, based
HUMMELINCK in
of the
EALES'
of
more
(D. ascifera) ;
Curasao
than 400
ENGEL
and Bonaire in
living, crawling
revision.
Dolabrifera dolabrifera
9.
p.
of colour
According
1936a,
when alive.
mm
(Rang,
animal is
to EALES
1828)
29,
p.
fig.
16;
EAI.ES
1944,
1962b, p. 452.
ARUBA:
Paardenbaai, reef,
Bucuti), seaside,
on
Porites,
28.IV.1955
6.V. 1955
(H
(H
1303),
1006b),
4
4
spec.;
spec.
Boekoeti
(
=
11
CURASAO:
Marta
third
I.-II.1962
BONAIRE:
Paloe
ANTIGUA:
Deep Bay,
ST.
MARTIN:
Further
coasts
of Aruba,
This
during
80
coast.
Aplysia
were
shallow
tide
their colour
most
40
9. I.
CURASAO:
III.
Further
105; 1957b,
Piscadera
(C),
1962
66
Though generally
6
The
whitish,
with reddish
have
colour
The
(1955,
11.
17-20
39;
1927,
(?
p.
MACNAE
by
1126),
8
the
spec.
but
not
yet
in
species
recorded
1930
on
the
Her
found
biggest
specimens
similar
ribbons
to
were
those
of
and
coral
noted that
fragments,
1936a).
engeli
from
coast
1955
Marcus,
in
Thalassia
the
a
or
it
less when
is
greyish,
mangrove
II.—
region,
stripes
and
197.
alive,
some
greenish,
bluish
1)
the
p.
the back
white.
yellowish
or
blue
attain
or
or
shows
Other
spots,
white circle.
lateral tooth MARCUS
is sometimes absent.
(Aclesia
1936a,
by
first
a
slugs
yellowish,
with
alternating
whitish,
denticle of
33, tooth
p.
Paulo
yellow dots. Magnified,
brown and outwards
21-25
and S.
of Pernambuco
long
and
ENGEL
1962,
spec.
(H
(ENGEL
mm
dots
107, fig.
A. nigra) ;
2
environment, and observed their
Baai,
outermost
106, fig.
spec
spec.
bulky opisthobranchs
Egg
Stylocheilus longicauda (Quoy
ENGEL
p.
p.
of the
stones
varies;
brown
tiny
shallow
1
with the
yellowish-green
surrounded first
corals,
leg. (H),
Baai,
53.
p.
Brazil,
20mm.
slugs
dead
Sta.
spec.;
Marta
animals.
distribution:
longitudinal
Sta.
1962. HUMMELINCK found the animals in
under
corresponded
p.
of
Boeke
circumsubtropical,
Cura?ao.
Phyllaplysia
1955,
and
broad.
mm
speed and contractibility
MARCUS
1393),
(H
1
Hummelinck collected
common
seen on
10.
1056b),
4
(H 1317),
spec.;
and Bonaire.
Cura?ao
pools,
3
blocks
11.VI.1949
shore,
Circumtropical
under
(H
17.VII.1955
E
27.11.1955
(H 1323),
Curasao, W.I., J.
4.IV. 1955
Bay,
Pacific
and
Baai,
?
spec.;
CORREA'S stay in
long
mm
Great
the
was
Dr.
10
Lechi,
distribution:
from the American
25.11.1955
Piscadera
(C),
Put,
Spaanse
lagoon,
and
Valentijn Baai,
water,
Frankie,
Plaja
Baai,
&
Gaimard,
longicauda,
57, fig. 24-43;
A.
1824) Figs.
polyomma).
EALES
1944,
p.
p.
18;
10—21
105-107,
BABA
fig.
1955,
12
ARUBA:
Paardenbaai,
Boca
CuRAfAo:
and
Grandi,
Carmabi,
reef,
Santoe
Piscadera
from
and
BONAIRE:
BONAIRE:
Paloe
(H
1
1067),
NORTH
Further
America.
It is
the
species.
ENGEL
an
3.IV. 1955
found 2-20
can
open
be
the
1931,
not
1
many
6
17.IX. 1948
spec.
recorded
at
p.
circles.
orange
material from
duced
by
The
as
the
W
96).
view.
not
the
The
At
several
mm-long
of
N.
p.
113),
1936b,
p.
119).
same
runs
(z)
blue ocellar
recorded
region
1820
Stylocheilus
(see
sea-hares
as
in
section,
EALES'
20,
lp).
spermatocyst
of the
"loop
The
is
a
of the
winding
very
section
of
in
is
a
an
is
BERGH
1902,
as
secretion
more
dorsal
as
p.
The
9),
p.
slug,
an
and
duct"
than
ENGEL
349;
p.
gonadial part,
hermaphrodite
long
pro-
VAYS-
by
1936a,
1959a,
mm-long
long tube intumesced
the
by
his
on
whose Notarchus indicus is
thin
8
rough
bluish.
digestive gland (h).
little
gland
spermatheca (bursa) is
The distal
was
Aplysia (MARCUS
sperms
The
1936a).
on
patterns
longicauda (ENGEL
lies behind the
by
she
at the
ones
described and illustrated
fig. 9-12bis),
1
division into three sections:
widened
Dr.
Baai
surrounded
spots
similar
(ENGEL
were
organs
forwards
already
18,
and
58),
Schweigger,
but
The ovotestis
viduct
p.
78-80, pi.
indicus
same
cases.
Piscadera
rapid growth
widely
the
Dr. CORREA'S colour sketch shows the brown
same
reproductive
1936b,
of
coast
from
and
one
in
and 90
February,
place.
HUMMELINCK
p.
spec.
Cura9ao by
and
and
to
hesitating
his
supports
in
belonging
the animals from Piscadera Baai
(1906,
SIERE
2
(H 1151),
from
Bonaire
different sizes
very
did, though
same
1936a,
(ENGEL
24
spec.
Lac, Cay,
longitudinal lines, accurately compared with pencil strokes
paper
the
(C),
spec.
20.VIII.1949
found
of
II.-V. 1962
young
spec.;
1380),
yet
already
considered
(1936a)
in
1369),
(H
(H
20
Boca
spec.;
piling
question whether single slugs of similar
of
mm-long slugs
May
(SI
Antilles
but
observation
CORREA'S
about
(H 1055),
11
the
on
region,
mangrove
1019A),
4.IX. 1948
Slagbaai,
pattern
coasts
known
(H
spec.
1936a).
perhaps still
of
the
4
(H 1022a),
growing
(Bahamas): Laboratory dock,
(ENGEL,
and
algae
30.111.1955
shore,
Netherlands
distant
end
in
distribution: Circumtropical,
In
Hummelinck
colour
N
(H 1303),
12.111.1949
among
29.1.1949
Lechi,
spec.;
BIMINI
Baai,
Thalassia
slugs; Plaja Djerimi,
KLEIN
28.IV.1955
Pretoe,
57, 66;
spermowith the
ampulla
an
outer
(1921,
ventral;
fig.
the
in the middle. The duct
the diameter of its vesicle.
large hermaphrodite
duct,
i.e.,
the
part
13
between entrance of
much folded
18). The
it
duct and the
whole distal section is
whose bounds
inwards,
of the
separation
genital opening,
common
to the clustered
entally, corresponding
(MARCUS 1959a, fig.
following
canal and
bursal
long
Aplysia
as
the
one
the entrance of the bursal
are
vagina
of
gland
as
is
from the
large hermaphrodite
duct.
The
young animals from
water 2.5-4
They
of 1.5
The
in
as
its
youngest stage
rhinophores
the head in
long,
mm
0.6
strongly vaulted,
with
layer,
is
surface,
brim.
seen
rolled,
are
the
long,
0.4
which
mm
broad.
mm
layer (Fig.
surrounded
is
by
thrown
already
1
cannot be
preserved
on
with
conformity
parapodia (Fig.
the
with brown sutures;
has
growth
11),
but
the
lines.
they
are
the
pallial
The intestine,
specifically
age.
mm
preserved
broad,
with
and the
shell
a
its cal-
about 0.55
grown
Aplysia
biggest
snail
of the tail is 0.4
with shell
mm.
beyond
brasiliana
longicauda
were
are
as
a
from
for
our
the larval shell
(MARCUS 1957b,
little less numerous,
in that
mentioned in
The 0.85
which is in
vouch
half smooth larval whorls
also turned to the ventral side
which
radula,
Plaja Djerimi,
two and
patelloid
Compared
cephalaspideans
length
18),
material from
the larval whorls of St.
In the
the
0.65
the
given, but the brown longitudinal strokes which
the
determination. The shell has
p.
long,
mm
on
high, and also strongly vaulted. As the animal had dried out, its
length
are
10),
conchinous
narrow
into its
with
deeper
a
shell.
unite under the
become
it is
19);
eyes
p.
shell. The latter is
Only its
A shell in the material from Piscadera Baai has
careous
body
has
diatoms and stalked Peritricha
parapodia
loops,
a
(MARCUS 1957b,
retracted under the
through transparency,
characteristic
14) already
Fig.
mm,
brasiliana
The shell is
preserved.
Behind,
to
and the tentacles knoblike. The tail is 0.25
lines and
growth
(0.65
Aplysia
part
mm
long in preservation. Up
in
plants.
shell.
a
present
of
found
were
bottom with eel grass and loose
mm
have
they
mm
smallest animal
our
Plaja Djerimi, Cura?ao,
sandy
on
from 0.65 to 2.5
were
length
deep
m
that
species
and in
reference.
Plaja Djerimi (1.5 mm) the
mm-long
shell is not covered
by
parapodia.
The rods of the mandibles show
the young animals
(Fig. 20).
a
fine terminal denticulation in
The radula
(Fig. 21)
of
a
1
mm-long
14
specimen (Fig.
the
shape; the
stronger
with 3 lateral teeth
oldest
its
outer side.
from
the
an
this
of the adult radula in the
figures
7-8: Notarchus
erythraea)
indicus)
ENGEL
;
(1927,
the
widely
with
Compared
VAYSSIERE
e.g.
(1908, pi.
inner,
without
differ
12)
one.
young
23: Aclesia
fig.
in
its
on
plates
are
(Fig.
literature,
BERGH
;
8
to
weaker
feathered,
adult radula
teeth of
either side of
has its characteristic
already
The outermost teeth
lateral teeth of
on
increasing
rows,
The rhachidian tooth
appearance
fig.
rows
the
cusp of the lateral teeth is
on
The
cusps.
in
15
in
tooth
ones.
youngest
had
15)
rhachidian
(1906,
fig. 12-15: Aclesia
12
1936a,
polyomma;
fig. 37c,
"
38,
39,
42,
43);
(1938,
EALES
corresponds
the radula in
with the other
the basis of the
parison (MARCUS
and St. citrinus
in
is
only
a
which is
sumed,
12
p,
the
v)
8
of the
specific
in
pleural
we
this
continue
can
in St.
organs
24
as
in
our
(1927)
rows
short
ganglia
and
;
high
respect,
our
com-
longicauda
and driftwood
teeth in
(ENGEL 1927,
p.
have
in
alimentary
specimen
teeth
a
now
a
are
single
108)
of
no
of
complete loops
agree
the
(EALES
had
we
longicauda,
with
EALES'
ganglia (Fig.
in
of St.
St.
citrinus
1944,
(1962a,
(1962a,
around ovotestis
longicauda.
p.
13)
or
p.
in
from
arranged
fig. 4).
character,
and
13,
ENGEL'S
insignificant.
irregularly
same
in citrinus
8
length
longer separate longicauda
as
pre-
loop does
equal
citrinus and
continues to be its most distinctive anatomical
forms two
of
systematically
found the
longicauda
As
about
synonym
row
there
pedal commissure,
13, c).
mm-long slug
of
distinct in
system
the visceral
hence
ganglia,
35
a
canal
of
is less
nervous
preserved slugs
polyomma,
gizzard
(Fig.
connectives
visceral
dissected
the
we
the
have
in
areae
to the
respect
longicauda
of
of Aclesia
into two
In the central
characters. Two
and
cuticularized warts
gut
in
floating Sargassum
with
degree
(1938). However,
citrinus, because
very
from
purple gland
length,
dagger-shaped
three
stimpsoni)
12 evidences the
which,
longicauda
material,
than in citrinus.
Furthermore,
The
Figure
our
of the inner
8)
1828)
arrangement
mm
lie
figure
p.
Notarchus
aplysiids.
1
little shorter in
a
between
figure
962a,
difference of
not involve
and
1
13),
St.
present
(RANG,
separation
longicauda
St.
fig.
5 A:
water of the western Atlantic Ocean.
warm
The
(1936,
fig. 7; 1944, fig.
of
variability
On
BABA
18,
The
fig. 5)
while the
digestive gland
15
in
longicauda
(Fig.
Notarchus indicus,
above.
In
8
an
11),
VAYSSIERE
as
whose
identity
mm-long
23
a
A remnant of torsion is shown
(Fig.
10).
central
anteriorly right
the
to
GUIART
right.
is
backwards under the
runs
the left
gland (k)
observed
85)
p.
citrinus
longicauda
of
salivary glands
(1901,
intestine
citrinus.
side,
In St.
mentioned
was
the
longicauda
gland (r)
in other tectibranchs.
crossing
the
by
described for his
75)
p.
longicauda
mm-long
to the left
system (d)
nervous
ring
nerve
is
The
of
specimen
than that of
already longer
(1906,
with St.
the
same
the
over
similar
a
phenomenon
recognizable but is less pronounced.
The
the
armature of both
penial
These
penial spines.
than in citrinus
fig. 9)
warts
scattered but
chiefly arranged
EALES &
ENGEL
ARUBA:
1935,
Piscadera
of the
estimated to be
region,
Further
1952)
of S.
but
The
distribution:
EALES
southern
(1852,
&
But
them become
traction.
Florida,
we
Lesser
1856,
our
this
(1935)
the
do
first
is
pi.
is
50
seen
as
in citrinus.
1828)
MARCUS
1301),
spiny
irregularly
14
1955,
101,
p.
104.
spec.
stone in shallow water
in the
mm-long slug;
two further
crawling in
mud in the
the
inner
animals,
mangrove
from
Rio
Brazil,
as
woolly
16
p.
de
as
148; HENRY,
Janeiro,
coast
Bursatella lacinulata
fig. 269-269a).
the
rule in
appendages
According
the
West
and
varies,
(1952, pi.
1
Harbour,
fig. A),
Therefore
we
distribution of
woolly lacinulata proved
is rather
but
include
pleii.
west
we
the
to
Indian
many
to
preserved material, owing
Alligator
subspecies lacinulata,
pleii.
general
in
(PILSBRY 1896,
about 32° S.
not
number of
HENRY
from
the
a
and Trinidad.
Sul,
Curasao
223;
by
were
Antilles
Grande
specimen
drawn
distinguish
long,
(H
on
one
found the
to
1 938,
preserved.
maintained the
it
(C),
inconspicuous
The
lacinulata in
penis of
p.
crawling
8;
p.
From the W coast of Florida
Rio
ENGEL
subspecies.
mm
not
from
specimen
GOULD
1955
250
were
to the Greater and
Paulo,
14.VIII.1955
Bay,
21.V.1962
bay,
We
pleii (Rang,
1952,
regard
longicauda (EALES
in three rows,
HENRY
292, 301;
Malmok, Arasji,
CURASAO *
part
p.
with
only
sheath to be not all
penis
Bursatella leachii
12.
larger
in
(MARCUS 1962a, fig. 6).
the inner side of the
on
differs
species
indeed
are
of
con-
coast
of
hairy
too. In
really
cannot
localities
for
Examination of
the
the collar to be
as
drawn in
16
our
figure
for
(1955)
28
somewhat reflected,
side.
slug
We
found the
classified
13.
from Aruba
slugs
1927,
Piscadera
CURASAO:
Further
(ENGEL,
distribution:
1927);
(WARMKE
The
&
ABBOTT
shell
1961,
animal
p.
is
St.
long
C.
Baai,
1927,
Further
(ENGEL
112;
p.
p.
ABBOTT
brown
Santos,
from
Piscadera
p.
as
in
1957a,
Baai,
p.
with white
the
a
racemosa
1941
in 11
certainly
note 4;
spots.
1920
Rico
Parapodia
of
the
shell
in
from Cuba whose
species
MORCH'S
19.VI.1962
Cura9ao,
Caracas
material,
but
little
a
m
off Sanibel
bigger
based
ENGEL
upon
1927,
p.
1
(C),
1856,
1910,
p.
p.
J.
from
van
algae.
der
Horst
273);
Puerto Rico
123);
Brazil,
island,
west
(Calcara,
leg.
1920
(WARMKE
GuarujA,
east
&
of
coast
of
souverbiei. The
1955,
Florida,
p.
195),
also has
a
subgenus Diptero-
1954, p.
defective animal
113).
1840), L. pilsbryi
SCHWENGEL
168; PRUVOT-FOL
a
spec,
C.
Baai,
PERRY &
than that of
p.
1856
(MARCUS, I.e.).
(p. 37-40;
physis Pilsbry (1896,
is
Puerto
spec.
ventral surface of the
or
variability
a
Like the Mediterranean L. serradifalci
little
leg.
398.
150); Tortugas (THIELE
Caulerpa
SCHWENGEL,
dredged
Horst
27);
p.
1
(C),
dots.
112); Guadeloupe (FISCHER
p.
1961,
der
1863,
(MORCH
22) separated
broad
MARCUS
distribution:
1927,
28.III.1962
van
Lobiger souverbiei P. Fischer,
CURASAO:
shell
J.
and the outer
stressed
(1927)
and
Thalassia,
the base.
at
14.
ENGEL
pigment.
1863
Morch,
up from
Thomas
light
papillae,
ENGEL
as
woolly,
150).
was
JAUME (1945,
narrower
the inner
on
much less
mottled with black
are
Caracas
had white and black
Though
Oxynoe,
coming
CuraQao,
and tail bore white
parapodia
Baai,
Virgin Islands,
living
seen
are
another,
27.
Ill, fig.
p.
spines
antillarum
Oxynoe
ENGEL
the outer
condition in
same
slugs is
pleii.
as
Several of the
that
so
of both Brazilian
pleii. The collar
173 and
(BERGH
1900b,
note
p.
1)
189,
17
15.
viridis
Polybranchia
ENGEL
1927,
33-36
115, fig.
p.
Piscadera
CURASAO :
IV.-VI. 1962
BONAIRE,
4
(C),
(Deshayes,
1857)
Fig.
63
(Phyllobranchus viridis).
and
inner
Baai,
outer
from
part,
various
algae,
11.,
slugs.
Kralendijk,
5.IX.1930
Pasanggrahan,
near
(H
1
1057),
spec.
(Fig. 63).
Further
Porites
The
one
distribution:
furcata,
C.
J.
der Horst,
from
present slugs
of them
dark
was
have whitish
cones
observed
BERGH
The
except
by
juvenile
for
brownish
shed
the
tint
quirenda".
follow
we
Therefore
ized,
we use
but later and
(1864,
Bonaire
fields
bodies
PEASE
(1961,
zool. j,
p.
1940,
(Fig. 63)
behind
its
near
1927,
117,
p.
CURASAO:
Piscadera
under
Baai,
Dr.
"colourless
and
eyes
the
One of
and
the
smaller
141)
p.
is
"species
a
transverse groove in the
a
and
name
assume
that
it
has
in-
sole,
none.
instead of the well character-
(O'DONOGHUE 1929,
p.
737; NEAVE,
ALDER &
1927
Cyerce antillensis Engel,
16.
Further
already
HANCOCK
145).
p.
ENGEL
as
116).
was
the
margin
740) Phyllobranchus
p.
alive;
(PWH).
(1860,
57)
generic
preoccupied
(1927, p.
the skin of the cerata.
mention is made of
PEASE'S
mm
light greyish-green. They
and ENGEL
the base"
pellucida
no
of 70
length
a
Antilles.
their back and the cerata,
93)
from
colourless
towards
SWENNEN
Nomencl.
on
p.
showing through
Polybranchia
As
knobs
(1871,
black-pigmented
grains
attained
the others
greyish,
from the
coral
Spaanse Water,
Guadeloupe, St. Thomas,
1920;
Curasao
specimen
had
cerata
yellowish
or
Baai and
Caracas
Cura?ao,
van
a
fig.
stone
distribution:
flattened cerata
indented
a
depth
Newport Bath,
CORREA'S
S
of St.
principally in
at
of
its
20.XI.1948
Curasao,
Kruis
outer
of about
C.
drawings
borders,
22—24
38.
Plaja Hoeloe,
Baai,
Figs.
various
J.
of
1.2 m,
(H 1039),
van
der
several
sizes
resembling
Baai,
28.X.1948
part, coming
up
III.-VI.1962
5
(C),
1
slug;
Halimeda,
27
spec.;
and
Fuik
spec.
Horst,
1920;
living
with round
white-oak
(H 1023),
from
Tobago.
slugs
ends
leaves.
(Fig. 22)
and
The
show
smooth
cerata
or
are
18
inserted at
certain distance from the sides of the back.
to contract after
seen
material of
Siboga
fig.
a
There
17).
smaller
The
of
dark
had
a
big
cerata
material shows
In
ones.
their
dark base and
a
of
deep black
sole
papillae,
1894,
p.
The
23).
is
near
dark
the
tip
being
in
in
bears
penis
Small
ENGEL
different
condition. A
a
dark brown
area
or
is
opening
depend
The
had
his
upon
stylet
a
One
yellowish
or
jheringi
bears
pointed
(1892, p.
xix;
finely
denticulate
(Fig.
This bulbar
(Fig. 24).
stylet.
from PELSENEER'S
a
different
place
elements,
teeth
jheringi by
and
the
slugs
stylet,
species,
(SWENNEN 1961, fig.
of the former has
the latter is
funnel-shaped
specific
TRINCHESE
The
slightly
a
name
(1881b,
generic
however,
98).
name,
SWENNEN
ing Lobifera
Pease,
Polybranchia
Pease,
extremely
bulbar base and
and
216),
species.
as
strongly
was
1866. It
p.
1860, because
wide
the
denticles bent
by
is
right
in
introduced
PEASE
no
opening;
(ibid., fig.
species
10
that of
e).
must be cristallina
PORTMANN
continues to
57)
was
a
curved
revealed
however,
(1961,
coarse
lOg-h). The straight penial stylet
of the Mediterranean
p.
were
shorter and broader than those of
which have
the
of insertion. These
when
varying contraction
are
tube
compatible with ENGEL'S drawing (fig.
no
species
chitinous
of antillensis
backwards
p.
are
brick-red back.
the back
of
Mediterranean
of the cerata and
Mediterranean
(1871,
vessels.
distinction of the Antillean from the Mediterranean
The teeth
407).
the
accompanies
preserved
cuticular
a
specimens
shape
preserved.
The
rhinophores
cerata often have
in the middle. On the back
the radular tooth is
distinguished
characters
justify
of
cutting edge
The
j).
of the
50).
with subterminal
38
or
slugs.
our
in the distri-
brick-red in colour when alive, and
The central
PELSENEER'S
in
2
numerous
quite transparent,
are
axes
were
80, pi.
p.
and
side,
pointed
transparent
pigment
as
pattern
colourless.
as
(BERGH 1905,
great diversity
a
They
observed in the
was
each
on
the
others, only
whitish dorsal centre contrasts with
The
as
specimens
white. The
tips
described
was
Some
dark spot
pattern
specimen
10
pigment.
small
dark, leaving
thin
just
between them. The hind end is
ones
especially
a
up to
present ample
bution
off,
undetermined Cyerce
an
are
fallen
having
be
(1958,
Cyerce
completely
p.
BERGH
abandon-
substitute
for
longer considered
the
as
a
19
appendages
from its
branchiae. Hence the
as
introduction and
vanellus
Stiliger (Stiliger)
17.
MARCUS
1957a,
MARCUS
402;
p.
Piscadera
CURASAO :
III.-IV.1962
Dr.
5
(C),
Further distribution:
1960a,
larger (up
smooth cerata
Florida,
mm).
on
synonym
1957
Marcus,
and
growth
on
mangrove roots,
I.,
spec.
tallies well with
to 5
a
again.
144.
p.
Baai, from Thalassia
Miami
CORREA'S description of
animals
our
The
and
shape
is
of S.
of the
but the present
the
black,
bear
coast
pigmentation
first record,
body
each side
Virginia Key; Brazil,
area,
scattered
sole
Paulo.
living
slugs
are
the up to 9
light;
melanophores,
like the
from Miami.
slug
18.
costai
Stiliger (Ercolania)
PRUVOT-FOL
p.
cannot be used
is
Lobifera
name
1951b, p. 70;
MARCUS
29;
ST.
Further
1960a,
KITTS:
PRUVOT-FOL
1954,
Figs.
p.
196; WIRZ-MANGOLD
(H
1397),
25—26
& WYSS
1958,
146.
p.
Frigate Bay,
distribution:
1951
Pruvot-Fol,
20.VII.1955
Miami
Florida,
1
slug.
Key Largo;
area,
western
Mediterranean
Sea.
The preserved,
4.5
(Fig. 26), which
natural
like the
more
slug
from
shaped
are
safe
19.
position
4,
on
are
largest
character for
Hermaea
BERGH
1886,
p.
among
(MARCUS
same
on
classifying
the
Fig.
Baai,
were
The
the
slugs.
mm
larger
p.
from
of the
cerata
drawn in
their
present specimen is
though
In the
the
than the
big,
present
sabot-
one
there
long. The teeth constitute
a
species.
dendritica
pillars
25.
fig. 22),
1960a,
1954,
and
(PRUVOT-FOL 1951b, fig. 39)
of which is 0.35
Piscadera
long
mm
in all these
PRUVOT-FOL
algae
1.2
material
(Placida)
2;
CURASAO:
to
the left side in
the
most of its
mm-long slug has shed
up
original
Miami
teeth
the
are
186;
(Alder
MARCUS
Thalassia
pier
of the
in
&
Hancock,
1961b,
the
Carmabi,
p.
1843)
141.
mangrove
II.-IV.1962
region,
(C),
7
and
slugs.
20
Further
distribution: North
and eastern Atlantic
middle
While the
fam.
species generally
cerata,
times
the
green
present
gland
PRUVOT-FOL
1876. She
of
necessity
Elysia
1927,
113, fig.
p.
CURASAO:
on
the
from the
of the
De
round
black. Outer side of
the dots become
though
either.
it
was
& HANCOCK
41), and has
p.
intestinal
has
a
spots
no
AccordingTrinchese,
customary
of
name
1844.
Loven,
same
PRUVOT-FOL
(Swainson,
species,
does
but
exist
not
up
from
Kralendijk,
40
among
the canals
16
1957a,
p.
64
414.
algae growing
conducting
water
spec.
(H
1058a),
3 spec.
Bermudas.
mm.
The
preserved specimens
parapodia
whose contours
on
MARCUS
Thalassia,
31.X.1930
Vincent;
length of
32;
and in
(C),
Figs. 27—28,
1840)
1946, p.
Carmabi,
and also
the
some-
ramifications of
venosa
and the
one
by
are
and
sharp.
parapodia densely spotted;
body
rhinophores,
The
towards
lips
are
not
the borders
the inner side. The sole is
lighter
and bears smaller dots. The colour therefore
ENGEL'S
parapodia,
not
the
233) by
p.
II.-IV.1962
St.
in
gland
hepatic branches,
1844,
with black-rimmed
agrees rather well with
band around the
sea,
S of
fewer,
than the rest of the
of the
Tobago;
smooth, yellow
jet-black
(ALDER
1955,
6839).
p.
ornata
the
Living slugs attained
and
and
fig. 28) of LOVEN'S figure shows
indeed
Baai, coming
Hoop,
distribution:
are
28,
jetty
aquaria to
BONAIRE:
Further
3
20-21; PRUVOT-FOL
Piscadera
pillars
the
replacing
1843,
presumed
Ind. An.
20.
BABA
dendritica to Placida
for
& HANCOCK
venosa
(see SHERBORN,
were
Sea
southern
digestive phase.
removed
and dendritica
venosa
of
Loven,
reproduction (1907, pi.
priority
ENGEL
to the
of Hermaea
the
species (ALDER
Codium
on
in the cerata, whereas dendritica has.
(1954)
ponders
ODHNER'S
that
Mediterranean
England;
Norway, Bergen;
had orange
specimens
species
type
the albumen
the
of New
1954;
diverticula
quite dark, according
The
feeds
3, pi. 40; PRUVOT-FOL,
correspondingly
the
coast
to southern
Japan.
1848,
ly,
Carolina;
northwards
Ocean,
description,
which
mentioned in
possibly
respect
except
for
the orange
faded out in the
of
the
living
alcohol,
animals
21
"Ground
the
patches;
scattered
is
lighter
the
largest
black
seen a
at the extremities.
podia.
near
find
we
small
for the
(except
black
of the
and,
grains
only
The
golden-brown
border
of
mounted in
in
the
straight
in
Elysia
ornata
tinguishes
ornata
Elysia
RISBEC
118)
does not
synonym of T.
a
p.
1901,
p.
CURASAO:
(C),
Further
Living
slender.
darker
black
31, pi.
is
on
the head
the para-
some
places
nothing
to
do
in two
slugs
in Canada balsam.
fig. 43,
(MARCUS
(Pease)
and
dis-
Indo-Pacific
pi.
1905,
1957a,
corresponds
as),
homonymous
BERGH
The
extremely tiny.
(Fig. 27)
ascus
1957a,
the
denticulation in
a
fig. 22;
13
WHITE
416),
p.
(1952,
but is
a
4
fig.
Piscadera
Fig.
1901
29
3.
Baai, coming
up
from
Halimeda,
III.-IV. and
VI. 1962
slugs.
distribution:
animals
Alive,
the
body
brown,
outlets
Bermuda
are
the
rhinophores
of
podia
3
saw
are
Elysia papillosa Verrill,
VERRILL
and
these black
on
in
have
(Fig. 28)
Tridachia ornata
new name
region,
Finally,
-
disappeared
36;
Besides
—
crispata.
21.
part
1860,
114)
present,
from
D, E).
need
are
becomes thinner
rhinophores,
rapidly with KOH and then
p.
but it
the
para-
under this
paper;
which
on
which
smooth
(MARCUS
(Swains.)
121
rough
grains
of
rhinophores." (PWH)
teeth in the
cauze
(PEASE
1953, fig.
and
was
black
side
accumulations, especially
region.
scattered,
(1927,
they
of the oldest
row
that
if
on
in
or
dorsal
found
greyish-brown
there, fragmentarily,
isolation
treated
were
alcohol,
denticles,
and
parapodia
ENGEL
glycerine.
specimens preserved
Evidently
p.
are
edge of the radular tooth
examined, whose radulae
with
in
and in the
small, round, orange-brown grains
with the
pencil
the mid-dorsal
in
here
with
Ventral
-
distinctly golden-brown.
occur
rhinophores
rim.
is also found
band
from Bonaire
specimen
and has round
body,
powdery
a
patches, especially
rhinophores),
small
parapodia
orange-golden brown,
'graphite'
is
of
line drawn in
a
border of
underneath
Cream-coloured
—
the base
like
of the
have
of which
A similar
dorsal side
the rest
than
rim,
narrow
—
there too the border
rims
light brown;
it,
a narrow
to be
single, slightly narcotized,
a
colour
sole
over
podia with
band is
of
description
Colour
(Fig. 64):
is
up
Islands,
to
12
colour is
and with
yellowish
mm
light
spots
or
glands
were
calcareous
long.
algae
The
body
greyish-brown
on
the
is
or
light-brown
and
elongate
greenish
with
sole. The hind
whitish. The outer side of the para-
in various shades.
of
on
In the
noted.
preserved specimens small
White
papillae
occur
on
the
22
outer sides of the
whence
teeth in the
The
is
edge
up in
heaped
parapodia
the
white
does
405,
dentate
fig. 43,
in
as
differ from
E.
(1901,
p.
p.
ARUBA:
about
15
BONAIRE:
ST.
405;
MARCUS
inner
limb.
descending
The oldest teeth
are
of
but in
the
Elysia
rhinophores
opinion
our
cauze
a
straight
may
be
no
with
(MARCUS 1957a,
row
The
their
has
latter
as
well
as
minutely papillose too,
p.
E.
but
their colour.
1957
Marcus,
cauze
153.
lagoon side,
Parera
Schottegat,
the back
(Fig. 27).
1960a, p.
at
Boekoeti, pool
CURASAO:
the
(Fig. 29).
on
as
29)
by
Elysia
1957a,
The
radular teeth have broad cusps
ornata
papillosa
22.
MARCUS
in
determination.
and end
edges,
as),
15
present collector,
border, its
subornata VERRILL
they
the
by
bands
hinder the
not
parapodial
coarsely
rhinophores,
neck.
ascus.
not mentioned
absence
about
serrulate
finely
the
on
The radula contains 7
opaque white.
are
transverse
Orange-brown
mid-line
limb and
ascending
cutting
were
the
they extend along
borders of the
the dorsal side of the
and
parapodia
near
6.V. 1955
(H 1304),
1
spec.
22.VIII.1948
Pasanggrahan,
(H 1034),
spec.
17.IX.1948
Lac, Poejito,
MARTIN:
Simson
Bay,
(H
1064b),
1
spec.
Pond,
Lagoon, Flamingo
8.VI. 1949
(H
1132),
1
spec.
Further
coast of S.
In
distribution:
Paulo,
the
pillose
on
comparison
West
the outer side
oesophageal
of
should be
organ
the
forms,
area,
Virginia Key,
it formed
are
a
on
Caulerpa;
is examined.
large,
conical
this
spiral
useful
in
a
as
small
black
penial papilla.
slug
method
with caution when the
of
the outlets of
are:
marked
the
characters
disjunctive
cauze
with
species
blunt. The radula ends
double
hence
employed
preceding
parapodia
crop, and the
and
Miami
properties of
the
of the radular tooth
hydroxide,
of
Atlantic
mentioned. Further
However,
Florida,
Brazil,
Caulerpa.
straight
glands
rings,
in the
study of
topography
cauze
are
on
the
The denticles
treated with
for
other pa-
ascus.
potassium
the
teeth
of the whole
23
23.
Tridachia
M6RCH
1960a,
1863,
MARCUS
reef,
(H 1017);
Boca
26.IV. 1930
Valentijn
(H
Fuik
1038a);
:
Paloe
30.VIII.1948
ST.
MARTIN: Great
pools,
Further
(ENGEL
coast
of
distribution:
1927,
Florida,
Specimen
with
from Aruba
shaped,
with
more
many
or
less
clearly
rocky
between
sandy
(H
with
regular,
cream-coloured
band,
side,
(C);
Carmabi,
19.1.1955
leg.,
17.IV. 1949
(H
(H 1058a);
basal
C.
J.
A total
(H 1125).
sometimes
parts
mud with rock
British
11.XI.1930
(H 1068).
shores,
the
(H 1056C); id.,
id.,
with
of corals
of
tidal
in the
debris.
der
van
Honduras;
Horst
Dry
1920
leg.
Tortugas;
W
area.
Outer
defined
green
S
11.1962
1049a).
"Inner
-
side
side of
parapodia light grey-greenish
with
dark-green,
small,
many
The
yellow-white patches.
a
yellow-white
spots,
band
including
a
at
the
margins
particularly
are
edge.
very
irregularly
Sides
sharply demarcated, yellow-white patches.
uniform
Baai,
the
id.
4.IX. 1948
26.VI.1949
Bay,
on
and
on
(Sta. 1001).
yellow-grey patches.
of
8.1.1949
side,
id.
Zaneveld
1038);
5.X.1930
Cura9ao, Spaanse Water,
and Miami
S.
(H
31.X.1930
115); Venezuela; Tobago;
p.
J.
front
8. XI. 1930
(H 1058A); Lac,
zone; also
in
(H 1056Aa); id.,
Hoop,
under stones
and lower
Paarden
(H 1039A).
Point Blanche
Bay,
Put,
landingplace,
De
Ca);
S
St. Kruis
(H 1323);
Baai,
2.III.1949
slugs, generally occurring
frequently
mid-tide
Brakke
Bad,
24.11.1949
10.IX.1948
1058b); id.,
85
coast at
1056
(H
(H 1001);
(C); Knip Baai,
(H 1020);
25.11.1955
Baai,
Piscadera
(C);
Duitse
Lechi,
(H
about
13.XI. 1948
side,
20.XI.1948
Baai,
MARCUS
115, fig. 32;
p.
16.VI. 1930
Oranjestad,
23.IV. 1962
Grandi,
N
Sta. Marta
Baai,
KLEIN BONAIRE: E
BONAIRE
W. of
(C); Spaanse Water,
Fuik
1927,
1303).
30.1.1962
Baai,
1340);
Boca
(H 1021);
III.1962
I.,
(H
Lagoen,
ENGEL
191;
p.
461.
p.
Braboe,
28.IV. 1955
N coast,
CURASAO,
1872a,
1962b,
N of Punta
ARUBA,
Baai,
BERGH
40;
p.
153;
p.
1863
crispata Mörch,
large
dark-green,
formed
by
The head
behind
spot
a
bears
the
rhinophores." (PWH)
2
from
Specimens
dirty light-yellowish
spots
of
Klein
Bonaire
white.
dirty light-yellow
Rhinophores orange-yellow.
colour
of which
orange-yellow
is
very
at
the
There
of
1049a)
base.
are
yellowish
on
the
green,
and Bonaire
parapodia bright
opaque
there
are
white
yellow. Foot,
the
edge
on
"Sole
-
large
round
greenish.
slightly
patches
head and
1058b).
with
some narrow
boundary between
and
(Sta.
green,
Margin orange-yellow,
several
light. Furthermore,
here and there
colours of animal:
(Sta.
Underside
the
patches
back,
of
the
bright
and the rest.
Only
rhinophores extreme-
ly light yellowish green." (PWH)
3
Specimens
white
patches,
from Bonaire
some run
(Sta. 1058a).
beige, hardly visible, entirely
leaving only
wings
is
a
broad
white
violet-tinged.
misted
margin
Underside
on
of
over
the
part generally
creamy;
also
Back with
united in 7
with
white
white
on
Here
on
small round
large or
Ground
colour
darker towards
the
the
light
sides,
and there the base of the
grey misted
spots
16
groups.
brown,
parapodia.
parapodia
clearly tinged with violet; large round,
and hind
"(1)
-
together, roughly
over
with
brown,
orange-brown base.
the head. -
(2)
Back without
most
Front
white.
24
uniform brown
patches,
No
edges.
in
violet
brown
parapodia: right,
coloured
-
(3)
both
margin;
Underside
of
with
powdered
with
somewhat darker brown
grey:
bluish-white
marking. Edge
cream-coloured
show oval,
or
margin;
cream-coloured
parapodia brown,
cream,
with
at the base
violet-grey
towards
the
Underside
part.
violet
left,
patches
somewhat
in
of
cream-
in the middle.
the
towards
margin."
(PWH)
Specimen
from
Bonaire
coloured because
cream-coloured
whitish dots.
This colour
in
pattern
have
grains
(Sta.
1068).
of
Inner side of
from the
disappeared
parapodia and
other
yellow,
or
hyaline, slimy
of
parapodia
cream-
largely replaced by big
dorsal
with
violet,
more
Outside
has been
colour
occurrence of
each
overlap
white.
"Sole
somewhat
parapodia
is due to the
may
—
deep-brown ground
patches.
Margin
which
zones
the
region deep-brown,
colourless extreme
a
dark-brown and violet
less
completely;
extreme
edge
all
with
edge.
grains,
the coloured
of the
parapodia."
(PWH)
The
biggest
is 68
1038a)
From
late
(p.
not
was
the
142)
Mr. SCHRAMM for the
name
Fuik
Cura9ao,
specific
written
name
(1962b)
DESHA YES
by
of the genus and
species.
intention,
we
Baai
(H
and not
recapituwho
(1857),
proposed
T. schrammi Desh. is
of DESHA YES'
interpretation
from
long.
schrammi
introduced
specimen
establishment of the
our
that
preserved
mm
the
name
of
the correct
merely
formally accepta-
a
ble form.
24.
Berthella agassizii
MacFarland
1955, p.
117;
1909,
Curacao:
(C),
Further
Brazil,
4
of
the
Piscadera
of
Alagoas
mm
p.
1927,
p.
110, fig.
26
(Bouvieria agassizi);
Baai
and
under
Spaanse Water,
stones,
Caracas
Curasao,
and S.
III., VI.1962
and 4
Like
Baai,
C.
J.
van
der
Horst
mm
young
Numerous brown
might
1920;
leg.,
Paulo.
Curasao,
broad,
specimens
stipples
the
present
ones
be cutaneous
glands.
also
were
and had 45 teeth in the half-row
from
occur
on
S.
Paulo,
they
hyponotum,
and underside of tentacles. Scattered brilliant white
notum
Marcus
20.
animal from
long
radula.
greyish.
Engel
1957c,
1909)
spec.
Like the first
young,
59;
distribution:
coast
8
p.
Marcus
(MacFarland,
were
gill, sole
specks
on
the
25
25.
Pleurobranchus
MORCH
1863,
1962b,
29;
p.
1
(C),
ILL; ABBOTT
p.
1949,
Further
Piscadera
Baai,
under
stone in front
a
AVES
of
(W.
distribution:
N
Dominica):
lagoon,
broad. An
mm
white
sole
consists of
was
bular
75
73
(P. atlanticus) ;
MARCUS
of the
Carmabi,
23.111.1962
Barbados; Virgin Islands,
12.V. 1949
St.
(H 1114),
Thomas;
Florida
1
spec.
Keys;
from
of Miami to SW Florida.
Alive, the adult animal from Cura9ao
20
p.
spec.
ISLOTE
area
1897,
1863
Mörch,
466.
p.
CURASAO :
the
BERGH
areolatus
(Pleurobranchus)
irregular pattern
yellow. The
platelets have
rows,
light
convex
areae
shell is 5
mm
2-4 denticles
35
was
long
greyish brown,
of
brimmed with
2.5
long,
masses
of
1955,
The
and
large
The mandi-
each side. The radula contains
on
was
filled
Globigerinae.
Cadlina rumia Marcus,
26.
nearly
yellow
dark.
broad.
mm
and
with about 140 teeth in the half-row. The stomach
with compact
MARCUS
mm
1955
119.
p.
CURASAO : Caracasbaai,
C.
J.
van
der Horst
leg.,
under
stone,
8.V.1920
(H),
2
slugs.
ST.
Further
S.
MARTIN: Great
Bay,
distribution: Brazil,
NE
coast
of S.
16.V.1949
Paulo,
(H
near
1127),
1
slug.
Ubatuba and at the island of
Sebastiao.
Colour
pattern,
labial armature,
termination of the material,
27.
shallow
The
Piscadera
mm
broad
near
(C),
(Fig. 30)
or
the blue
7
by
and
gills
de-
dry.
Figs.
Nov.
under
warrant
stones
with
30—31
hydroids
in
slugs.
were
are
6-10
mm
principally
long
and
run
orange
transverse
measured
blue. The back has
median band flanked
the side
areae
spec.
its entrance,
yellowish-white
Farther to
radula,
it had been
binza,
preservation. They
areae.
separate
Baai,
II.-III.1962
animals
in
yellow
blue
which
water,
living
3.3-8.5
oval
though
Chromodoris
CURA9A0:
a
shore,
by
5
pairs
longitudinal
projections. Those
of
bands
in the
26
the back meet in the mid-line,
middle of
the
covering
yellow
The orange bands also unite in front of and behind the
Here and
along
From the
bands, blackish-blue
blue
the
areae
sides
whitish,
and
and
extending
the
a
foot.
The
Sometimes
and the
grasping ring of the lips
has 42
(Fig. 31)
(1)
lateral tooth
following
ones
are
small flat
has
The
holotype,
paratype
of
Faculty
one
and
a
an
and
intact
only
slug,
outer
above. The
of
G.
of
of S.
perfoliations.
a
cusp. The innermost
the outward
denticles;
From
marginal
up to
the
10 in number.
twentieth
teeth
(m)
are
(1957)
in
are
HUMMELINCK,
in
kept
using
the
the
Utrecht;
the radula of
Department
generic
of
This
species
species,
genus
Glossodoris
species
similar to, not identical
(1951b,
p.
1954,
24;
has
however,
the valenciennesi
of the
the
p.
bicuspid
Hypselodoris-type.
or
Chromodorididae,
described
with,
262)
teeth,
Doris
1955,
p.
ARUBA:
and those from the American
were
all
bovena
Marcus,
1955
131.
Malmok,
CURASAO :
Further
and
with Ch. binza.
28.
Baai,
that
from
The West
Pacific coast, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea,
MARCUS
Zoology,
Chromodoris
name
material with the
pattern of Ch. binza is
to
of
catalogue
easy to compare any
belongs
compared
tooth
concave
Paulo.
fontandraui PRUVOT-FOL
Indian
10
material
PRUVOT-FOL'S
Banyuls-sur-Mer.
hence
each
light blue,
15
is
with hamate teeth.
means
(1951 a),
orange
are
have
denticles,
sent to Dr.
was
Philosophy, University
it is
4 outer
unicuspidate.
of the
rest
the
species
By
rhinophores
sides
and blue
edges.
We follow ODHNER
for
light
triangle without
outwards the cusp shortens. The
with dentate
colour of
the
consists of bifid hooklets. The radula
inner and
have
(s, n)
hamate
of
blue
with 37 teeth in the half-row. The rhachidian
rows,
a
the outer
light-blue ground
the
inserted between the
are
yellow band.
the orange bands.
proceed, separating
dashes
little into the
unipinnate gills
thickening (ce) is
a
lie outside
areae
blackish-blue streak. The rhinophores
a
They
blue
sides,
yellow stripes
The 8
zones.
with
and
the
band.
Port
Arasji,
Marie
under stones,
distribution:
14.VIII. 1955
Baai,
IV.-VI.1962
Brazil,
(H
17.IV. 1930
coast
(C),
of S.
9
1301),
(H
1
1027),
slug.
1
small
spec.;
slugs.
Paulo,
island
of S.
Sebastiao
Piscadera
27
The
animals were
biggest
found in
were
These three
the mangrove
dorso-median
rhinophoral
consists
area.
which
As
complete
30
long and
were
12
and
and
rows
broad alive.
mm
Baai
with darker
unipinnate
5
in
and
about
are
The
gills.
the
development;
VI.
the smaller
rhinophores
there
material,
They
18.
on
darker orange than
yellow
were
8
of Piscadera
in the Brazilian
perfoliations
of
mm
region
large specimens
caught earlier,
ones
17
10
radula
half-row
contains 38 teeth.
An
slug
egg-ribbon
ARUBA:
was
1
spec.;
stone,
The
mm
16.IV.1962
(C),
mm
of
stiffened
by
the
Baai,
brown
quite
meeting
some
(H
1320),
4
(H 1301),
J.
S.
slugs;
in
(Fig. 35).
of the
with
under
In
one
gills.
the
behind
rhinophores
spots,
different sizes.
Autotomy
Peltodoris and
Discodoris,
borders of the
pouches
6 branchiae
phores
are
not
are
all
of
of
splashed
the notal
had
the
complete.
The
rhinophores
in
one
of
tentacles
are
smooth,
lip.
2
cuticle
mm
is
smooth.
broad and 2.2
The radula of
mm
long,
a
27
a
spots
slugs.
perfoliations of
cones.
labial
and
contain
species
bear small
upper
(Fig. 33) is
in
the
The anterior border of the foot is bilabiate with
The
slugs
form two
brown and
common
rhinophores and gills
tripinnate,
Marta
is marked with scattered
brim,
the 20
papillae
with round brown
occurred
30
deep-lying
blunt
larger spots
are
a
slug.
long,
bulbous. In the 4
were
1
the animal
from Sta.
specimen
yellow pigment. The light hyponotum
and the sole is
white,
1320),
under
(H),
mm
greyish-pinkish
beginning
The
is 50
(H
part,
26.VII.1905
Alive,
preserved slug
rows,
outer
condition.
preserved
was
7.XI. 1954
leg.,
Piscadera Baai,
pigmentation is preserved,
regular
2 spec.
Zaneveld
from Sta. Marta Baai,
high
32—35
Figs.
nov.
slug; Rifwater, J. Boekeleg.,
1
chromatophores
behind the
small dark
The
creek,
(Fig. 32)
spicules
papillae
which the
long in preservation.
mm
hummelincki, spec.
Baai,
specimen,
and 15
Piscadera Baai
clusters
not
3.III.1955
id.,
biggest
broad,
from
Santa Marta
10
14.VIII. 1955
Malmok, Arasji,
CURASAO:
in
which
Peltodoris
29.
out of the nidamental opening in the
hanging
was
from Aruba,
of
of
The
papillae.
the rhinoflattened
notch in the
mm-long slug
and has 25
rows
with 32
28
teeth to the half-row.
The smallest
with 22 teeth. The innermost tooth has
its
considerably
and is
base,
a
8th
90,
13th-15th 140,
126,
teeth have
The voluminous stomach lies
in front
genital
The
of the intestinal
female
branch
mass.
folded and
to
The
which
the
by
an
narrows
thin-walled sac,
70,
tips.
genital
mass
embedded in the
(a).
greyish
a
wide,
the
penial
of
gland,
the
Further structures of the
not
oviduct
analyzed.
or
The
nidamental duct
that of the atrium
emerges
entering
and
the
bean-shaped
a
narrower
set off from the
part
large
short
bulbous
enclosed in
diverticulum of
a
duct
of the male duct.
and enters the
(x),
the
the
a
common
whose
caecum
whose
gland
off
set
of the
component
opens
female
gland,
and
winding part
mass
the orifice
from
the
runs
over
common
the
spermatheca (b)
with
aperture
of the
atrium.
a
(f)
gland
broad
a
mass
from
the
mass.
lamellate
one,
posterior
lies close behind
winding
penial sheath,
It
begins
section
from below. The
organ. Beside the entrance of the
insemination duct
the
and
longer
(g).
Immediately behind
rapidly,
the
latter to
thin-walled efferent
albumen
principal
gland
ampulla,
folds.
the
latter,
the
distinctly
the inner oviduct
area,
the
copulatory organ is
a
contents of
The male and
The wall of the prostate is
forward with
longitudinal
light-yellow
right
sheath,
The latter extends
mucus
one.
terminal
muscular,
to the
(q),
that an inner
folded and
This unarmed
Near the entrance
exhibits
so
to its
(w).
of
prostate
the whole organ is
a
owing
gland
outer, broader
winding
wall is thrown into
of the
is
mass
anterior end
the
is bent
to the
runs
penial papilla (pi).
atrium
at
prostate
section,
The male duct
(vi)
2nd
45,
knobby,
the anterior
over
female
greyish-brown
glandular;
whitish
the
separate
limb is followed
were
free
gland; the oesophagus
embedded in
former leads
(e)
1st
near
micra the
organs.
sperm,
next,
are:
sometimes
blunt,
ampulla (Fig. 34, o), which is silky
lies
gland
rows
18th 98, 22nd 70. The 5-4 outermost
cusps with
long straight
In
than the others.
shorter
16
prominent expansion
measurements of the teeth of the smaller radula
3rd
has
specimen (12 mm)
(u)
leaves the
spermatozoa (seminal
spermatheca.
vesicles of
BERGH)
of
the
wide,
the
gland
spermatheca
vagina,
vagina
narrows
is
mass,
a
big,
the uterine
or
Hence the reservoirs
are
arranged serially.
29
In the
with
coiled uterine duct
short duct. The
a
enters the
gland
The
species
The
holotype is
is
returned to Dr.
blackish
darker
intact
mm-long,
with
paratypes
Zoology, Faculty
of
the
on
spots. Though
when
long
(22-28)
1863,
as
P.
it is
in
from
uniformly large
reddish-brown
long
in live
the
sole
condition,
with
and up
number of radular
same
the number of teeth in the half-row
quite different character.
a
atromaculata BERGH,
Mediterranean Sea
mm
of
kept
Paulo.
42)
p.
numerous,
light
a
1880a,
and has the
preserved,
hummelincki,
the radula
(49-50) give
to 80
up
of S.
are
P. hummelincki:
BERGH
notum and
was
of the radula
its radula
Philosophy, University
33;
p.
and the slide
Baai and
from Piscadera
paratype
Utrecht
from Sta. Marta Baai. It
slug
is dark grass-green with
spots
mm
P.
One
(MORCH
Islands
Virgin
2)
of
cruris
to 70
PIETER WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK,
48
species of Peltodoris differ from
P.
rows
Dr.
preserved,
produced
the inner oviduct.
HUMMELINCK, together
Department
The
1)
a
is
spermatocyst
in its lumen. The insemination duct
sperms
near
named for
mm-long slug.
the 27
the
mass
of the
silky aspect
by the parallel-disposed
(ci) is inserted
spherical spermatocyst
a
1880a
(p. 45;
(PRUVOT-FOL 1954,
is white with dark brown
or
1881b,
243;
p.
black, round
224)
p.
from
HAEFELFINGER
the
1961)
blotches of different sizes.
The radula has 20 rows, with 56 teeth per half-row.
3)
P. mauritiana BERGH,
the western
row.
4)
P.
P.
rows
aurea
1889b
1903
ELIOT,
and
45 teeth
ELIOT,
1903
6)
darker
alive
specks
BERGH,
7)
P.
are
from
slug
greeleyi
Brazil,
pinnate gills,
1905
greyish-red,
small,
for hummelincki. In
immature
per
by
(p.
from
from East
East
(20
Africa,
134),
Kabaena
similar to
from
38
has
row
MACFARLAND,
rows
1909
Alagoas
up to 49 radular
teeth),
but
by
tripinnate gills.
island, S.
of Celebes.
but
the
of white dots is recorded
are
small knobs. The
and 35 teeth in the half-row.
(p. 84;
and
rows
cannot be sepa-
hummelincki,
preservation the tentacles
of
420),
Africa,
rows, 25
notum and 8
median
no
had 24 radular
coast
p.
40 leaves.
the radula
hence
and
1910b,
and 35 teeth in the half-
half-row.
minutely granulated
P. rubescens
Notum
at least
(p. 365),
(p. 366),
rated from P. hummelincki
its warty, not
ELIOT
(p. 815;
40 radular rows
up to
rhinophores with
angulata
radular
5)
Indie,
Clubs of
has
S.
MARCUS
Paulo,
has
1955,
12-13
p.
157),
simply
and 60 teeth per half-row.
30
P.
8)
noumeae
Vietnam.
Caledonia;
in
pinnate,
per
(p.
159;
with
Rhinophores
There
part unipinnate.
1953,
are
8
its
Discodoris
1956,
leaves;
38 radular
first
Peltodoris has
description,
1877b
New
8).
p.
bi-
gills partly
with 30 teeth
rows
BERGH,
been
(p. 518);
with its
tinguish Peltodoris,
1880b
(p. 40),
"villous,
as
similar to Diaulula”.
villous
a
one.
in P.
119),
a
species
enclosed
quite velvety
which has not been
(Cooper,
1862).
arched
sculpture
1954,
gland (id.,
1898
dorsum,
PRUVOT-FOL
is also much
48)
p.
coarser.
p.
quite
p.
13)
Diaulula
concerning
as
by
1935b,
346;
stomach is
in Peltodoris.
(1951b,
10)
p.
to the
only
supposes,
the other hand
On
belong
does not
(1957,
differs from Peltodoris not
(p. 508)
as
(1935a,
the
aurea
and
reveals that the
in the liver in Diaulula and is free
more
but its
figured,
Dissection
dis-
to
described
was
the touch,
to
to
clear-
from Diaulula
No wonder BABA had to correct
Anisodoris BERGH,
in its
it
greeleyi
a
easy
Peltodoris
In
his earlier references to Peltodoris mauritiana
sandiegensis
It is less
minutely granular notum,
with
notum is covered with small warts;
MACFARLAND
approximated
its smooth labial cuticle is
difference from the rodlets in Discodoris.
BERGH,
p.
40;
p.
half-row.
From
cut
1937
RISBEC,
vaginal
a
generic characters of
Anisodoris.
Discodoris
30.
Piscadera
CURASAO :
shallow water,
TOBAGO:
The
coral
largest
on
living
notum is stiffened
in front
Tobago
animal
from
by spicules
mm
had also been
in
dry;
phores,
slug
and
on
hyponotum
from
bears
specks
from
a
a
spiculate papillae.
smooth
surface.
6
gills
stones
4
with
long. The
that after
are
are
and 7
slug
mm.
Dr.
light-brown spots
gills.
body
mm
in
slugs.
slug.
mm
mm
dark
spicules
6
(C),
36—39
14 in breadth. The
pinkish
and the
The
under
degree (Fig. 37)
and
white. The
The
one
20
was
it measured 11
as
and
III., VI. 1962
IV. 1916;
Curafao
length
notum
are
leg.,
Figs.
nov.
Thalassia,
Curasao is flat, the hyponotum
dense,
have
the
and foot
spec.
Carmabi,
to such
CORREA indicated the colour alive
and white
up
of the
Theodor Mortensen
it still measured 19
drying
from
Baai, coming
sand,
reef,
mortenseni,
of
Tip
of the
rhino-
preserved
broad. The notum
to 0.5
mm
long
multipinnate;
the
up
31
have
rhinophores
20 leaves.
The
1.4
long and slender, measuring
tentacles
digitiform
in the
mm
biggest
anterior border of the foot is bilabiate, its upper
The labial armature consists of two
stratified rodlets
70
up to
micra in
triangular
remarkably
broad in the
biggest slug (alive
with 32 teeth in the
39
teeth.
The
expansion
size
pansions
10-8
less
at
all
the
third of the
the
penultimate
complete
rows
has up to 3 denticles.
slug
is
BERGH
(Fig. 38)
long
has 22
micra
rows
their basal
(1884,
long,
it
occurs
in
quite
Of the inner
the
1-2
and the
664)
denticles,
the blood
penultimate
whose
erubescens.
out
into
a
from its
type (1926,
The
species
opening
narrow
spermatheca,
end,
that the
so
organ,
in front and behind
is subterminal. The
slender
vagina
and
ducts
over
a
short
of the
slug
papilla
bears
papilla
from
a
few
Tobago
the insemination duct goes
represent
ODHNER'S semiserial
51).
p.
is
damage,
and the seminal reservoirs
The efferent duct ends with
minute cuticular hooks. The
opens
tooth
recorded similar denticu-
gland lying
the distal male
distinguished.
(Fig. 39),
the last
new rows.
organs
compact brain,
could be
and
the outermost tooth of
In D. mortenseni this denticulation cannot be attributed to
as
The
the cusps of the outermost
Tobago
p.
in
ex-
diminish and
expansions
tooth has
denticulate,
an
increase
the outermost tooth in the Mediterranean D.
lations of
with
of the innermost tooth.
their
from
rows
with
rows
long,
hooks
the half-row,
is
and 1.2 mm
The last tooth is 60 micra
row.
one
In the
60
massive
following
size;
Tobago
hook
a
covered with
This radula has 14
long).
from
slug
middle of
the end of the
5 denticles.
up to
nearly
the
decrease in
dentate;
are
the
mm
pronounced than that
In about
straight.
20
tooth is
base;
near
teeth
outer
disappear
teeth
the
mm
are
half-row,
innermost
near
0.18
to
1.3 mm
-
are
The
hp is notched.
areae
The radula
length.
small for the size of the animal
(Fig. 36)
specimen.
named
in
memory
of
our
great friend,
Dr.
OLE
THEODOR
JENSEN
MORTENSEN.
The
radula
holotype,
of
a
University
a
slug
paratype
of S.
is
16
mm
kept
was
sent
to
Department
Dr.
of
HUMMELINCK,
Zoology, Faculty
Utrecht.
of
The
Philosophy,
Paulo.
We shall compare the
D.
long,
in the
mortenseni,
species from
mentioning only
one
the Atlantic
or
two
warm
waters with
disjunctive characters,
32
and
not
shall
Discodoris
in
white,
Male
5-6
26;
1955.
with
broad.
1881a.
mortenseni and with submedian groove.
different from
very
and
outer
teeth not
teeth of radula
long
denticulate.
Geitodoris.
lamellar, resembling
with
outer groove.
labial armature in
pinnate;
radular
1879b,
108;
p.
Further
distribution:
broad. It
or
Baai,
outer
and
(Fig. 40)
curved its flat
tristis
1877b.
split,
Outer
organ half
as
1899. Tentacles
Bergh,
1909.
MacFarland,
16
fig.
Gills
bi-
two lateral areae; 26
part,
Figs.
1879
40—42
12-18.
under
the root of
the
undulate brim.
line
around
stripes
which
between these
dark band
parallel
was
a
stone,
1.2
m
deep,
13.VI. 1962
Thomas,
15
tail,
and
notum,
on
stripes.
to
long
mm
and
The notum is
The rather
the
continue
St.
body upwards
fore and hind ends.
orange
zones
1880b, pi.
Virgin Islands,
animal
living
narrow,
in
1 spec.
(C),
middle
BERGH
Piscadera
CURASAO:
The
than
1877b. Not
Bergh,
Bergh,
Aphelodoris antillensis Bergh,
BERGH
shorter
of innermost tooth
median and
one
hedgpethi
with 46-50 teeth to the half-row.
rows
31.
head
10)
-
11) voniheringi
-
1902.
Marcus,
1955. Outer teeth of radula
9) pusae Marcus,
-
5)
-
denticles; copulatory
without
slender,
efferent duct.
as
7)
muta
notha
8)
-
long.
Tentacles
-
but base
mortenseni,
evelinae
of innermost tooth with broad
cusp
Bergh,
Rows of
numerous.
Vayssiere,
4)
-
rodlets 40 micra
short;
and
high
edwardsi
3)
—
short and
labial
short;
indecora
6)
-
opening.
evidently
1960b. Tentacles
denticle.
branneri MacFarland,
2)
-
to
species
1952. Colour alive
either side of notum.
on
spots
terminal
tentacles
Tentacles
Marcus,
spicules.
no
cream;
1) alba White,
-
half-row 45-48 teeth. Penial hooks
papilla
Smooth;
not.
or
black
larger
allocation of every
whether the
preservation
1909. Has
radula
discuss
is definitive
the
lifting
the
covers
the
by
hyponotum,
The latter
are
mm
it
smooth;
on
preserved
traversed
about 3.6
downwards,
stands out
well
and
both
sides
colours
short
and
as
are:
radial
a
an
black
opaque white
confluent with
a
broader
to the sides and the anterior border and connected
in front of and behind the
gills.
In front of the latter and behind the
33
rhinophores the band
is
joined with central, longish, black
blotches.
Besides these blotches two small dark spots between them, and
of
projections
the lateral
bands,
the
light
some
centre of
the
dark-brown-spotted leaves;
the
interrupt
notum.
The
sheaths
rhinophoral
slug
have
rhinophores
and
fixed,
was
(Fig. 41). They
are
about
light.
the
so
10
The buccal
tentacles
truncate and bear
are
of
exception
dots
occur
The
radula
row.
are
the
on
lips
the five
are
(Fig. 42)
The
largest.
in
occur
absence
inner
the
of
denticle
(1879b,
and
inner
slug
original
because
1957a,
p.
429;
VENEZUELA,
slugs
Further
The
MARCUS
mainland:
distribution:
and
a
Brazil,
certain
occurs
conyna
1960a,
we
we
do
lateral
13
fig.
not
a)
consider
know the
(1955,
tooth
does not
variability of
p.
and
this
148).
therefore the
large
Guanta,
for
scattered dark
twenty
spots.
1957
Marcus,
159.
p.
near
on
coast of S.
now
15.VIII. 1936
Barcelona,
wooden
(H
1202),
7
piling.
Paulo,
Ubatuba;
far
distant
known,
generalization
species; it lives below
and
16
Florida,
area
of
Miami,
Biscayne Bay.
three localities
allow of
innermost
MARCUS
some
of Amathia
among clusters
Virginia Key
teeth to the half-
specimens, kept preserved
white with
Polycerella
32.
MARCUS
The
could not be examined.
yellowish
was
the
and white
smooth cuticle.
dry because the jar had broken,
The colour of the
years,
Black
the back of the tail.
1880b, pi.
However,
systematic value,
was
organs
on
with 52
the
on
such denticles from Discodoris pusae
The
whitish.
rows
Ill;
p.
radula.
present
their
on
those in the middle of the half-row
simple hooks;
BERGH
by
as
contains about 30
are
artificially
groove
spotted with black, with
thick, colourless,
a
everted when the
separated
were
is
which
tripinnate gills
coated with
All teeth
indicated
sole,
creeping
was
longitudinal
a
outer side. The whole ventral surface is
mass
low
with
water-line,
regard
to
from
one
another,
the habitat of
where action of
waves
the
is weak,
together with tufts of branching, soft Bryozoa and the
34
Vallicula
ctenophore
ctenostomatous
A
multiformis
192),
p.
though of different characters (MARCUS
herthae, spec.
Polycera
Piscadera Baai,
ANTIGUA:
The
they
animal from
from
The
have
back
on
(Fig. 44)
(Fig. 43)
and
The
disappeared.
ground
rhinophores
There
have 6
3
are
The tuberculate notal
part.
extend around the
bear three
or
dry
four
larger
2 small not
white
long
;
preserved
colour is
dots,
now
a
scattered
probably
greenish
grey,
are
animal
a
two
have
consists of 9-10
the half-row.
and
a
third is
narrow
are
these
and
which
in the
as
big
Miss
even
as
her
stay
an
on
HERTHA
sketch
axis
of the
is
living
It has
The radula
marginal
a
a
teeth to
spur below the
an
outer
point.
strong cusp
decrease in
size,
and
the
missing.
CAPRILES, Secretary
in Willemstad.
gills. They
back and sides.
processes.
marginal plates
sometimes
on
the
In the mid-line
inner and
the first.
ones
with
whose
the skin.
wing-like
Biological Institute, Curasao,
during
begin
part of
supported by spicules.
spicules,
papillae
drawn out into
and
named for
Marine
DINIZ CORR£A
completely developed
with 2 lateral and 3
its base. The three
is
the anterior
The first lateral is very small, it has
broad base
quite
species
Caribbean
typical
rows
The second lateral is twice
near
on
borders,
knob, pierce
bosses,
number of scattered small
jaws (Fig. 45)
(Fig. 46)
each,
Curasao
from
specimen
The oral veil has 9-10 short
and unite behind the
prebranchial
The
spec.
living slugs
which
there
spur
of the
knobs
perpendicular
a
4
(C),
mm
the
rhinophores
to that of the
cusp
of
maintained
the
big, tripinnate gills
circle, and
The
have
perfoliations.
its hind
a
about 3
length
colour
while
sides,
the branchial
In
were
The
The
mm.
1962
slug.
white border of notum and foot.
a
digitations.
veil,
1
1393),
brown with black and white dots.
specimens
preserved
glands,
2.5
was
dirty
was
melanophores
The
(H
43—46
Figs.
nov.
Thalassia, II.—III.
up from
full-grown.
not
were
Antigua
Curafao
with
coming
17.VII.1955
Deep Bay,
living slugs from Cura?ao
evidently
the
food,
at the localities in Florida and Brazil.
occurs
33.
CURASAO:
As
bryozoan Amathia distans Bsk. has been observed.
heavy fall of sediments,
1960a,
1956.
Rankin,
and most kind
and Librarian
hostess of Dr.
of the
DIVA
35
The
Dr.
holotype,
2.5
a
mm-longpreserved,
HUMMELINCK; jaws
ment
of
of S.
Zoology, University
The
would
species
Greilada
paring
specimen
elegans
of
3
to the
maintained
mm
tripinnate
or
with
and
(1941, p. 7)
united
blue
by
3
and
spots
3
mm-long slugs
MORCH
1863,
1879C,
34
p.
p.
44
(D.
living
as
the
to
Depart-
p. 316:
latter,
In P.
as
to 4.25
1957a,
1958b,
(id.
dilated and
pallida),
p.
1875C,
49
orange
small
even
In P.
52).
slug
more
elegans
and
base,
pointed
the
present species.
(Mörch,
BERGH
Krebsii) ;
p.
or
aurisula the
have
432)
p.
356-59),
p.
a
In P.
on
details of
yellow
in
well
messinensis
(1955,
also
as
depend
may
palpable
356).
p.
gills,
elegans,
the colour is
elaborate than in the
var.
com-
times
up
leaves and of
the
specific.
ones
no
ten
genus
In
75).
p.
than
more
mantle border,
larger
Krebsii
in
abandoned
(1960,
animals and
(MARCUS
(Rhacodoris
returned
was
kept
must be excluded from the taxono-
Dendrodoris krebsii
BERGH
443
the
fig. 3-4; 1955,
inner lateral tooth has
second tooth is also less
34.
by
(1961),
blue
a
brilliant colours than the
the
are
atlantica PRUVOT-FOL
EDMUNDS
(PRUVOT-FOL 1951b, pi.
young,
Antigua,
generally
BABA
rhinophoral
the radula must be considered
recently
now
structure of
the age. But the colour of the
ODHNER
from
Cura9ao
(BERGH, 1894) (EDMUNDS 1961,
mic discussion. The number of
unipinnate
slug
from
with
long
cm), possibly juvenile characters
as
intact
slug
a
Paulo.
belong
1874,
Bergh,
a
P.
large
and radula
1863)
87
p.
(Doriopsis Krebsii);
(D. atropos);
MARCUS
1957a,
p.
(Dendrodoris atropos).
CURASAO:
shallow
with
ST.
Further
Rio de
The
algae,
KITTS:
Baai,
(C),
near
the
1
under
spec.;
and S.
stone in
region,
(C),
20.V11.1955
Virgin Islands,
Paulo,
a
muddy
Spaanse Water,
mangrove
22.11. and 3.V1.1962
Frigate Bay,
distribution:
St.
7
on
water
under
clear
mm
in
bottom
Thomas and
St. Croix;
Brazil,
coast
of
from Cabo Frio to Cananeia.
in
brick-red notum
colour of the
of eternit
1 spec.
following
Curasao: dark
spots,
of the mangrove
sheet
slugs.
(H 1397),
broad alive. The
with black
a
coralline, sandy
largest specimen, that from Piscadera Baai,
living slugs
and
water
Janeiro
and 40
Piscadera
18.VI. 1962
region,
yellow
border
colours
with
back, yellow underside with
were
was
70
mm
in the
with
yellow
peppered
irregular streaks
some
long
observed
orange
of
the
blotches. The
36
rhinophores
brick-red
stippled
are
brown
darker than the back and have white
are
and
Some animals
yellow.
on
gills
uniformly
were
light brown with dark, nearly black spots
or
The
tips.
dorsal and
ventral sides.
There
are
than 20
more
The central
nervous
trated
our
in
as
D.
to 2.5
ones
and
strong
are
atropos (1957a,
and the innermost
fig.
more
148).
St.
The
those in the
tripinnate gills.
Kitts is
length
varies from
of the hooks is
shape
straight,
ones
from
slug
penial papilla
the
(St. Kitts);
mm
of the
system
of the
bearing portion
leaves and 6
rhinophoral
1.4
as
concen-
of the hook-
mm
(Cura5ao)
different,
the outer
middle thin and
straight,
curved. The arrangement of the hooks
differs in the material from St. Kitts and from Curasao; in the former
there
20
are
disposition
in front and about 10 behind,
rows
in
only
occurs
in the latter
the inner hooks
front,
a
serial
forming irregular
quincunxes.
The colour of
BERGH.
variation
common
the
that
hooks
in
spicules
phores
skin
of D.
in the
our
of
(BERGH
of the
new
seven-years-old
central
slugs
of
of
regions
1879 c,
p.
BERGH
1875b,
p.
319;
1913,
1954,
p.
p.
BERGH
258;
no
of
is
p.
spicules
33;
1936,
it
Lagoen,
23.X. 1930
ff.)
The rhino-
high
in the
occur
slight vestiges
Kitts and
also
in
concentration
the Caribbean and
impossible
to maintain the
1758
Linné,
1892,
1096;
p.
BABA
Figs.
9;
1949,
(H 1070A),
1
spec.
65—66
1901,
p.
367.
BONAIRE:
p.
in
species.
BERGH
p.
in
same
and
St.
The
49
and those in the
spicules
atropos.
numerous
(1879 c,
indicated.
Curasao,
the
separate
1884,
is
material from
system
ODHNER
especially
Some
46).
material from
as
of
88) mentioned
p.
atropos
spicules
Scyllaea pelagica
35.
of
have
pallida
atropos,
(1875 C,
krebsii,
slugs. We therefore consider
from both
range
of
living
BERGH
description
D.
by
or
is
alcohol
nervous
MORCH
by
Paulo. The details of the arrangement
formalin-preserved specimens
the
Brazilian
FOL
var.
of
respect
absence
nor
krebsii
scarce
rhinophores
his
In
described
which
the connective tissue
presence
are
in
is not
conformable with the wide
are
inconstant.
are
rhinophores.
neither
know
we
krebsii
D.
notes
the coast of S.
on
penial
the
living
Dr. CORREA'S
(Fig. 65).
89, 168;
p.
92;
PRUVOT-
37
Further
Pacific
distribution:
and
Sometimes
hydroids.
and
Circumtropical
eastern
the
Mediterranean
fucoids,
floating
on
temperate regions by
to
transported
the
circumsubtropical, including
Sea,
feeding
(MARCUS
currents
E
upon
1961b,
148).
p.
Though Scyllaea pelagica was
observations
coast
the
on
of the genus,
mentioned in ODHNER'S
are
in the material
the
given above,
PRUVOT-FOL
as
key
present
document
of Bonaire. With the range
only species
(1934,
valid
evidently
do not
we
of the
mean
58)
p.
too, but
HUMMELINCK'S
received,
occurrence
that S.
assumes.
they
species
were
on
the
pelagica is
The
not
other
E
the
species
from
reported
Atlantic Ocean.
the
"The
that
animal
corner
the sole
tail about
drifting
was
of the
it made
right
twice
sides
alternately.
direction. — The animal
doing this part
ground
the
of the sole is
is
tendency
vaguely
are
white
small
white
three
on
large spots
brown
brown
simply lying
of
each
the
with
also
patches
-
by
one
and
in the
eyes." (PWH)
zones
-
spot
smaller
are
Carmabi,
Further
Padina,
a
white
two
The
colour
low
slugs
was
With
particular
a
head, in
on
and
are
the
the
on
brown
on
behind
where
on
the
the
The
for
In
form
to
white
parts
some
small
the left
one
side,
mediodorsally,
jet-black fragments
the
a
patches
papillae.
tend
on
is
three
side,
the foremost of which
rhinophores,
situated. Small
on
they
flanks:
right side, three,
There
left
are
of the
edges
-
with
parapodia.
The
-
distinctly
them two
patches
pigment, except
found
between
head.
the
cm.
are
the upper
of the
white
5
of the foot
parapodia
along
dorsolaterally,
papillae,
spots
one
posteriorly
papilla,
the
direction. In the act of
margins
stripe:
on
the
brought to
was
length being
of the
middle
elongated
occur
spot;
451;
id.
1958b,
Piscadera Baai,
IV. 1962
distribution:
near
towards
sea.
sides of the
head,
of
are
pigment,
regarded
(Cf. Figs. 65-66.)
p.
CURASAO :
tide,
movements with its
The
visible
in the
Hancockia ryrca
1957a,
the head
the total
margins
brown-pigmented ground,
36.
MARCUS
flood
able to steer itself in
brownish.
or
patches
without
Blue
dorsally:
are more
this,
mediolateral white
a
right side,
the tail.
and
is not translucent
4.2 cm,
the
white streaks, without
near
and two which
spots;
small
surrounded
patches
slug being
is about
there;
a
white
defined
always
is
patches
papillae;
addition,
and
of
contracted in transverse
are
brown
formation
towards
elongated
without
here
there
rhinophores;
the
farthest from the
was
detached from the substratum and contracted. When
margins
with
irregularly speckled
brown-stained
the
course
patchy yellowish-green
a
which
slowly, making searching
of the foot
length
colour
of the water with
bay)
In the
without
creeps
foot is not in action, the
creeping,
surface
landlocked
swimming motions by contracting longitudinalmuscles
second,
a
the
on
Lagoen (a
upwards,
the left and
as
not
living slug
(C),
3
p.
Marcus,
1957
56.
from
algae growing on
the
pillars
of the
pier
of the
slugs.
Brazil,
coast
of
S.
Paulo,
14 km
W
of
Ubatuba,
from
water-line.
were
young,
pink. They
1.5-3.5
had 3-4
mm
flaps
long
on
in
preservation. Alive,
each half of the
velum,
the
hence
38
much less than in adult
cerata, 5
43
(in
rows
denticle
the left, 4
on
the
the
on
holotype: 46).
TRINCHESE
1881a,
49;
1954,
ANTIGUA:
Further
1906,
p.
The
left;
the number of
hand,
The radula has
same.
On the rhachidian tooth the median
Doto cinerea
1951b, p.
other
right side, is the
be smaller than the innermost of the 5 lateral
may
37.
the
specimens. On the
p.
VAYSSIS:RE
92;
406
p.
1888,
17.VII.1955
Deep Bay,
distribution:
Western
1881
Trinchese,
p.
(H
VAYSSIISRE
102;
WIRZ-MANGOLD
(rosea);
&
1393),
Mediterranean
WYSS
1
ones.
1929;
1958,
PRUVOT-FOL
62
p.
(rosea).
spec.
Sea;
Verde
Cape
Islands
(ELIOT
153).
single
2
slug,
long
mm
in
the others had fallen off in
certainty
accepted
sheaths,
life,
there
as
were
of the determinationis somewhat
the basis
on
of
and the rather
the
of the
shape
basal black
large
had
preservation,
spot
only
no
restricted,
the
ceras,
on
one
ceras
Hence
scars.
but
can
be
rhinophoral
the inner side of the
ceras.
to PRUVOT-FOL
According
described
chese,
higher
up
identical with the latter.
caution
(1913,
prompts
But
and
38.
MARCUS
1955,
p.
169;
1957a, p.
SAINT CHRISTOPHER
Further
The
distribution:
(St.
Florida,
single small slug
pointed tubercles
39.
as
on
1960a,
p.
two
p.
area,
as
D.
rosea
is
cinerea,
of neither is
as
Trin-
known,
VAYSSIERE
did.
1955
164.
20.VII.1955
Kitts): Frigate Bay,
Miami
D.
names,
1120)
p.
1)
page
anatomy
the
(1936,
455; 1960a,
was
Virginia Key;
Brazil,
(H 1397),
coast of S.
1
slug.
Paulo.
recognized by its characteristic irregular
Marcus,
1960
Fig.
67
165.
Kralendijk,
ANTIGUA:
Deep Bay,
KITTS:
same
note
the cerata.
BONAIRE:
ST.
406,
pita Marcus,
Doto divae
MARCUS
the
of
ODHNER
Doto
p.
the
on
maintenance
310)
p. 309,
(1954,
near
Pasanggrahan,
17.VII.1955
Frigate Bay,
(H
20.VII.1955
1393),
15.IX.1930
1
slug.
(H 1397),
1
spec.
(H
1957a),
1
spec.
39
Further
distribution:
"Bonaire
6
-
mm
max.;
breadth of foot
Light-brownish
narcotized
in
Miami area,
Florida,
found
specimen
creeping near
J
mm;
height
the
colour;
E
coast
of
the surface
about
1J
mm;
somewhat
cerata
Virginia Key.
of the water.
Total
-
length:
longest rhinophore 1J
cream-coloured
(in
mm.
slightly
condition)." (PWH)
The black
in the end of
pigment
the round tubercles makes this
species easily recognizable.
Doto chica Marcus,
40.
MARCUS
1960a,
167.
p.
Piscadera
CURASAO:
1960
Baai,
in
growth
on
of
root
28.11.1962
mangrove,
(C),
1
slug.
Further
distribution:
The animal
numerous
was
8
Miami
Florida,
mm
On
rows
our
drawing
of the
41.
together
The
slugs
length
height
tip
of
Lat.
OCEAN:
doerga,
35°N,
cerata
apposed
about 2
than
rows.
there
to the
1
mm.
mm
mostly
In
Long.
no
left
expanded
more
opening through
the
vessels,
The
on
19°C,
8
In
than
to
pigment
5
pairs
15-16
the outer surface
was
of
1
back with its
or
2
enter the
Special gills
microtomic sections.
ceras
are
3
not
often
are
cerata attain
tubercles,
inner side
one
in
(Fig. 48)
is situated
slugs.
recognizable.
a
at the
about 4
(Fig. 50)
tubercles. The
concave
47—51
Sargassum,
on
(H),
preserved animals
black
4
temp.
4.XII. 1930
spec.,
as
Figs.
which the diverticulum of the
nerve
of the inner surface.
to
side
prominent light tip.
nov.
63°W,
and bear up to
sometimes
convex
and the
the
on
the upper half of the inner surface
are
the
by
spec.
uniformly brown,
and the others
transverse
the
was
more
algae.
preserved specimen (1960a, fig. 50).
after many years in alcohol, and
The
a
9,
the veil is
with the turbellarian Vorticeros
were
side
right
living slug
Doto
ATLANTIC
the
of tubercles and
Dr. CORREA'S sketch of the
in
among
long alive, whitish, but rather dark owing
melanophores.
cerata, each with 3
Virginia Key,
area,
of
ceras
lies
(Fig. 49),
and
digestive gland,
near
developed,
as
the middle
was
proved
40
The clubs
sheath
52
are
lobate,
off.
cast
second
side there
The
The
the
are
to Dr.
in
are
such
a
and
that
way
the
thin;
they
2
slug
mm
slide
a
with
the
the
worn
lateral
place
same
asymmetrical;
the other 2-3 flat
on
long,
the
occupy
old,
5
of
the
consists of
(Fig. 51)
position
are
of
margins
development, and
in
is
cusp
3-4 round and
a
The radula
(Fig. 47).
new
the
withdrawn,
are
The lateral denticles
row.
holotype,
returned
not
even
The median
denticles shifts
every
rhinophores
5 of which
teeth,
ones
of the
on
in
one
ones.
and
radula,
a
paratype
were
HUMMELINCK.
previously mentioned Doto chica differs only in details from
species. It has
new
few tubercles
cerata, and
a
smooth
and sometimes
the
margin of the rhinophoral sheath,
a
small
gill
denticle lies
strongest
the
on
at
the
inner side of
level
same
on
a
the
every
fourth tooth in the radula.
D. obscura ELIOT
been
washed from
cerata
of the
denticles
Doto
1934,
siella
but
Doto
a
in
the
Doto
a
detailed
found in the
on
are
tiny, spine-like
lost
(1879 a,
(1931,
later
p.
p.
absence
574),
449).
They
do
associated
normally
BERGH
are
name
not
with
(1892,
that pygmaea
of cerata, the
lip,
and the 2-3
very distinct.
is
no
from
Doto
red
(PRUVOT-FOL
1277-1280,
doerga,
(ODHNER
genus
Costa-
simple
the
basis
was
decreasing
p.
1047)
or
49),
11
fig. 1-10)
to
on
8 and
Dotilla
THIELE
by
significance
to
the
high variability
ODHNER
importance
(1936,
9
and
rows
genus
Iduliella
because
either side
4 newest
functional
and
p.
figures
BERGH'S
systematic
doerga,
the
of cerata.
lateral teeth
changed
attribute
at
pairs
pi.
to BERGH'S
for
algae
1951b,
because it too has been
teeth appear only in the 3
whose
We
a
ascoglossan
219),
According
of these lateral teeth in
structure.
thought
on.
p.
with
Sea. It has 4
of the central radular tooth.
these
p.
(1872b,
comparison
Sargasso
pairs
the inner side of all its 4-5
BERGH
pygmaea
requires
(1888,
Mediterranean Sea
branchial knob
had
Islands,
151).
SIMROTH
floridicola
and
7
into
168)
p.
to the
possibly belongs
p.
not
are
Verde
the inner side of the
are
produced
the median cusp
(MARCUS 1960a,
Azores
bears
301),
Cape
on
But there
ocellifera SIMROTH (1895,
(?)
p.
Its tubercles
sheath is
rhinophoral
flanking
from the
152),
p.
imperfectly developed.
are
margin
(1906,
seaweeds.
p.
of
is
a
1118)
might be identical with floridicola, but the
41
latter has distinct tubercles
In
such
pygmaea
the
basal
character,
and
half
is
So
concave.
upper
(doerga)
(pygmaea)
and
and
pygmaea
(pygmaea)
and
of
margins
15-16
doerga
in
inconspicuous (pygmaea) and strong (doerga)
this
(pygmaea)
25-30
longitudinal
the outer
on
in
agree
sheaths;
ceras,
per
(doerga)
rows
side, while
smooth
are
rhinophoral
tubercles
(doerga)
transverse
the
the cerata.
half of the inner
but clear differences between both
lobate
cerata;
only
occur
the whole inner side of
over
in the
of
side
the
lateral denticles
beside the median cusp of the radular tooth.
Coryphella
42.
Piscadera
CURA?AO:
II.
beginning
-
of
Length
caudal
former
(Fig. 52).
than
tentacles.
diverticula of the
cerata
digestive
transparent,
the foremost
of 3
border of
Masticatory
pointed
Radula
(Fig. 54)
median
side.
cusp
The
on
is
kept
an
in the
intact
tentacles
long,
end
of
filiform
the
smooth,
rows.
other
or
but
with
a
also
of
rows
of
groups,
interhepatic
several
space.
short,
brush-like appearance.
Rhachidian
though
Tips
white. Cerata in 5
Anus beneath
the
marks;
from orange to brown.
opaque
the process
high, slender,
the inner
holotype,
rows.
give
23
and
without lines
gland
6 smaller
Lateral teeth
denticles
type
and
with
with
body slender,
jaw (Fig. 53)
denticles. These
region,
mangrove
latter; angles of foot produced,
the cnidosacs
consisting
the
52—54
slugs.
Rhinophores
White,
in
Figs.
nov.
spec.
Thalassia
3
than the
slightly longer
shorter
from
(C),
animals 5 mm;
living
region
Baai,
of III. 1962
dushia,
tooth
strong
with
denticles
with incised base
and
strong
on
either
12 minute
edge.
slug,
Department
was
of
sent to Dr.
HUMMELINCK;
of
Zoology, Faculty
the radula
of
a
para-
Philosophy, University
of S.
Paulo.
The
slugs
to indicate
As
had
C.
to
are
rather
small,
but the number of radular
(see LOYNING 1922,
dushia is the first
compare
it
with
p.
tropical
the
Mediterranean Sea and the
22)
that
they
Atlantic
species
representatives
tropical
warm
are
of
rows
seems
adult.
of
Coryphella,
the
temperate
we
in
the
waters of
the
genus
Indo-Pacific Ocean.
C.
pedata
(Montagu,
1815),
described
by
ODHNER
(1939,
p.
61)
42
and
PRUVOT-FOL
similar to
(1954,
strong denticles
of borealis differs
the
HANCOCK
rings
C.
on
their
nearest
64)
p.
C.
and
From
44).
BERGH
in
the
without
11
are
1882.
Verrill,
perfoliated
3).
In C.
fig.
The
G
fig.
(1928,
of
former
was
the
parvula
&
has
635),
seem
HANCOCK
ARUBA: Boca
5
foot
are
discussion
of the
case
the little known C.
p.
but,
we
1860,
143;
as
p.
35),
1864,
(ANGAS
BABA
p.
1936,
inhabitant of
mention C.
athadona
whose foot is rounded
in
Coryphella, while rhinophoral
described
with
which
1844)
to be
slugs.
1855,
1961A,
(1941,
fig.
165
h)
p.
28)
(ODHNER 1922, fig.
the circular folds of the
(1954,
finely
100)
p.
draws
are
"trinde,
difficult
rhinophores
brought about by muscular contraction.
pinnata
52-53,
p.
p.
Prins,
club-shaped,
LEMCHE
warty rhinophores
PRUVOT-FOL
6; MARCUS
1011),
the
(PEASE
1953,
Pacific
of the
special
in
C. foulisi
range,
latter,
(Philippi,
Fiona
p.
features. In
median tooth has
Coryphella,
266;
North
wider
required
17);
p.
exceptional
Coryphella,
43.
1892,
&
known for the above-cited C. ornata and for C. nobilis
understand;
ALDER
(ALDER
produced angles.
scacchiana
whose folds
in
of California, hence
angles
langstrakte" cephalic appendages (BERGH 1864,
to
occur
arrangement of
distinguishing
and the
12-13; 1876, p.
rhinophores,
maintains in
of
C.
34);
temperate
The last character is
sculptures
are
the front
species
p.
RISBEC
possibly
(1875a, pi.
front,
dushia in the
dushia is
(1881a, pi.
ornata
floating fucoids,
C. ocettata
from the Gulf
6)
p.
C.
1860,
(PEASE
BERGH
most
and it has 5-7
but the central tooth
Ocean,
rhinophores,
further Pacific warm-water
figured by
19),
each side of the central cusp. No
on
differences from
semidecora
cerata
species,
tentacles and
13-21 denticles
of
(1904,
BERGH
in colour
but the colour of ocellata and the brown
the lower third of its
than
C.
144) approaches
geographically
longer
of the Indo-Pacific
separate tufts,
californica
the
p.
the
species
Tiny lateral denticles
1939, fig.
31;
known
from that of dushia.
widely
p.
all
its skin is violet
(1922,
species
1864,
the cerata in
of
the lateral teeth.
on
C. borealis ODHNER
Among
but
C. dushia,
is
421),
p.
(Eschscholtz,
fam.
3, pi. 38A;
1831)
BERGH
1874,
p.
605;
BERGH
50.
on
Sargassum
cast
ashore,
28.VI.
and
3.VII.1930
(H
43
Further
(Velella,
and other
Macrocystis,
The
best
the
on
1954,
(PRUVOT-FOL
44.
gregarious in
Porpita)
floating
character
branchial fold
1957a,
mens
ST.
459;
p.
BONAIRE:
which
to
172
Kralendijk,
found
feeding
Sargassum,
on
about
the
is
species
inner
rows
d).
177;
p.
this
four of the
near
1961b,
p.
1957
68
Fig.
148.
14.IX.1930
Pasanggrahan,
(H
3
1057a),
speci-
(Fig. 68).
KITTS:
Further
temperate seas,
also
recognize
cerata of
large
1960a,
and
warm
Lepadidae;
substrata.
by
fig.
and
Catriona tina Marcus,
MARCUS
S.
and
distribution: Pelagic
Chondrochorae
on
20.VII.1955
Frigate Bay,
distribution:
Florida, Miami;
(H
North
1397),
1
slug.
Carolina, Beaufort; Brazil,
coast
of
Paulo.
"Bonaire
and
rather
leaving
the
the
bases
about
2\
The
specimen (narcotized with magnesium sulphate)
colourless; irregular pattern
of the flanks
greater part
of cerata,
mm;
breadth
species
of the
sole
J
tentacles.
mm."
be identified
can
patchy,
more or
less
transparent
diffusedly shining cloudy white,
uncovered; dirty brown
and
rhinophores
of
Length
-
translucent
of
the
portions
animal
at
creeping,
(PWH)
by the single
row
of cerata in each of
the anterior livers.
45.
Catriona
MARCUS
1960a,
Piscadera
growth on
stones with
used
was
Further
The
and
Kralendijk,
up
for
hydroids
are
Florida,
were
sometimes
much in size and
phores,
which
(C),
and
up
from
sponges;
55—56
Thalassia,
from the
and
living
hydroids,
the
among
slugs had
14 animals.
Pasanggrahan,
near
3.IX. 1930
Miami
area,
Virginia Key,
transparent white
brownish diverticula
latter
Figs.
(H
1057),
1
slug
which
classification.
distribution:
living slugs
Baai, coming
III. 1962
picked off;
BONAIRE,
1960
Marcus,
177.
p.
CURASAO :
to be
maua
of the
pinkish
digestive
have
a
brown
line
Hydrozoa.
with opaque white
gland
dots
in the cerata. The
with white transverse
shape. The black eyes lie
may
among
stripes,
and
vary
at the root of the rhino-
on
their
inner
side.
Dr.
44
CORREA'S sketch
figure
our
the
which
tail,
preradula
the
(1960a,
The
(Fig. 56).
genus:
id.
1961b,
the 4th
or
size increases
to
of the
3
Piscadera
Carmabi,
a
original
of
Florida,
times
as
following
u
poica Marcus,
figure
long
the
broad,
as
name
of
length,
From then
shape.
her
previously
to
teeth decrease in
breadth of 40
of
all,
not
is the radula
opportunity
the definitive
hydroids
the
and
on
the
(Fig. 55).
1960
and
algae
on
the
of the
pillars
in shallow water, III.-IV. and VI. 1962
places
Miami
pier
(C),
Virginia Key.
area,
white in
were
front,
brownish
and scattered white
tips
f.
specimens (1960a,
tentacles
prominent
brown,
light
irregular perfoliations
The
several,
behind,
or
brownish
with white blotches and white midline. Cerata numerous,
black with white
Base
take the
from
Baai,
and other
distribution:
living slugs
over
the
for
spec.
Further
The
well with
183.
p.
CURASAO :
all
the
Learchis
1960a,
in
species
(MARCUS 1957a, fig. 210-211;
assumes
gradually
46.
MARCUS
thin
first tooth is five
148);
p.
5th
We
179).
p.
similar to Miesea evelinae
only
and
long
very
rather
corresponds
slug (MARCUS 1960a, fig. 74), except
preserved
is
animal
living
The best character of the
specimens.
described
of
of the
on
Anterior livers
spots.
82); post-anal
upper
arches
half with
rhinophores. Jaw
incomplete.
white.
by
5-8
denticles than the
more numerous
in
About
10
with denticulate border.
cusp of the radular tooth flanked
the older teeth with
as
denticles;
bigger
newer
Figs.
57—60
ones.
Moridilla
47.
CURASAO:
hanging
The 5-6
white
net
Piscadera
from the
mm
and
side,
from
of the
black
rows
a
slugs
stipples
tail
II.
are
on
of cerata,
short
spec.
Thalassia
Carmabi,
slender
long,
leaving
Baai,
pier
Anterior livers with 6
each
kristenseni,
and
algae
and VI. 1962
grown
(C),
2
on
pointed
posterior
the
panels
slugs.
light yellow with
the
free
nov.
cerata
a
silvery-
(Fig. 57).
liver with 5
groups
(Fig. 58).
Tentacles
on
thick,
45
rhinophores with
the
on
pegs
tentacles.
(Fig. 60)
smooth
anterior face and
Foot
posterior side.
of
consisting
16
the
teeth,
the outer
slightly thinner,
The
named
for
knobs.
as
holotype,
by
the cusp and
is
intact
an
in the
kept
INGVAR
slug,
Director
KRISTENSEN,
sent to
was
Department
differs in
species
24
preservation
(1889a,
p.
of
Dr.
of the
the
HUMMELINCK;
Zoology, Faculty
by only
Facelina
is
the
only
Caribbean
of
radula
of the
Philosophy, University
Edam
latter bears
cusp
species
SMALLWOOD
angari
specimen
from
the much
of
M.
Island
off
single
a
bigger,
brockii
Batavia.
row
of
about
with
(1910,
tuberculated
141)
p.
be
must
rhinophores
sides
further tubercles
rows
of
tentacle
and
rhinophores,
than the
size of
ences.
and
angari,
and
rhinophore
and have
rhinophores,
alive)
mm
and radula of
Jaws
PRUVOT-FOL
(1948,
spiny penial
99;
p.
leaf
1954,
BERGH
1867,
p.
104;
ENGEL
1925,
p.
67,
1962b,
p.
479
BERGH
79-80
1874,
sculptural differ-
391) from Arcachon, according
(lynceus);
MARCUS
in front of the
Baai,
(C),
BONAIRE:
near
Kralendijk,
and
615
these
be identical with
1867
BERGH
1955,
to
angari.
p.
1879a, p. 560
178;
1957a,
p.
(Selencae)
467
;
(selen-
(lynceus).
stone, II. and IV. 1962
1057b)
p.
two
slender, longer
are
not described. Facelina dubia
lynceus Bergh,
(brevicauda);
Piscadera
CURASAO ;
explain
were
p.
all
between the
between the
side,
with
on
rough surface. The much greater
Facelina, might
Phidiana
48.
a
cannot
angari
true
a
in
occur
of each
their sides. The tentacles
along
angari (30
10
rhinophores,
compared
The tubercles surround the
in
The
of the radular tooth is flanked
Moridilla kristenseni.
bases
in
BERGH
each side.
on
Bermudian
a
radula from
single
878)
and the median
2 denticles
it
As
process
denticles,
coarse
of
and
jaw
long,
mm
1890, p.
681;
masticatory
kai);
4-6
Paulo.
The
the
as
Radula
flanked
cusp
blunt
long
finer.
ones
Dr.
central
prominent
as
of
as
Biological Institute, Cura9ao.
paratype
of S.
is
species
The
series
Masticatory border (Fig. 59) with irregular
denticles. The innermost denticles
Marine
several
produced, about
corners
20.IX.1948
the radula had
4
Carmabi,
among
algae
and under
a
slugs.
Pasanggrahan,
(H 1057C);
been removed.
3.IX.-10.X. 1930
numerous
specimens,
(H
1057,
1057a,
from most of them
46
Further
distribution:
(ENGEL, I.E.);
de
Janeiro to
Cananeia
Field notes
5
mm
Total
of
tips
the Bonaire
on
length creeping
tail 3 mm,
longest
basal
10
and
when
of
parts
rest
Creeps
in
1
cm
stimulated,
sec.
they
are
familiar
median
the
or
have
a
brown
slugs
and
light
the
head,
an
25
are
brown;
dark in
Rio
Baai).
with
a
of
8
into
sec.
the
—
mm,
Blue-grey
white
of
the
special markings
central
narrower
Length creeping
head
2
stand
with
and
23
brown
mm.
when
erect;
cheeks
on
zone
bands;
brown
the
animals
Living
red.
as
the
with
tentacles
translucent
are
and
areae
with
an
inner brown and
between the groups of cerata.
silvery-white stripe
a
white mid-line
the
are
hepatic
to result in
a
either side
In these
within the cerata
tentacles
are
reddish in the middle
stripes,
The white marks
an
The
silvery-white stripes
these
by
on
the tail.
white. The
are
rhinophores
flanked
on
digestive gland
cnidosacs
the
without
length
body, tentacles, rhinophores,
on
opaque
area
preservation
in
cm
tail
mm,
14.IX. 1930.
—
distance between
mm;
Rhinophores
-
above. In front of them two
greyish
1
sec.
rhinophores
mm,
creeping, papillae
in
fixed material. The contents of the
so
Creeps
tips. Top
mm
have
lighter tips;
grey
in 5
creeping 1-1J
15.IX. 1930.
—
side.
one
occur
may
to the tentacles. The
2J
25
length alive
cm
rhinophores white,
white
the diverticula of
reddish with
1
tentacles
mm.
During
colour
frequently
be reddish
7
specimens white
below the cerata, and
may
1920
leg.
and from
Frio,
marking." (PWH)
Piscadera
yellow circle
white animals
of
to
attain
slugs
sole. In the brown
white
Cabo
gradually merging
colourless.
with
bluish-white
from
(material
outer
half
twitched
brown-translucent,
Alive
Horst
der
van
longitudinal stripe,
10.X. 1930.
—
papillae
white
white
a
(basal part)
5
about
seeking,
Creeps
mm.
mm;
papillae brown,
rhinophores. Upper
light-brown,
2
creeping
breadth 3
mm,
appendages. Mediodorsally
head
J.
"5.IX. 1930. Total
specimens:
cerata 2 mm, breadth of foot
rhinophores
hyaline,
C.
Baai,
(25°03' S).
breadth of foot when
long,
Caracas
Curasao,
Guadeloupe; Virgin Islands; Brazil, Bahia,
run
and the sides of
rarely preserved in
are
diverticula may become
black
ring
at the base of the
cnidosac.
Normally
the
body
the
tail,
length.
i.e. the
This
also
part
behind the cerata, is
applies
to
without cerata, if the tail is measured
the caudal
region is
in
the anterior
right
along
one
figure
the sole.
4
250
liver
a).
posterior
These
group
are
frequently
of the
fourth of
of
a
In many
regeneration, and then it is shorter.
lies between anterior and
(MARCUS 1955, fig.
EN GEL'S
The
slug
slugs
anus
right-hand left liver
the 3rd and 4th groups, because
consists of 2 groups. The 3rd and
47
4th
indistinctly separated.
are
groups
the innermost cerata of
there is not
side
anterior and
interhepatic
right-hand
branches
canal
connecting
1957a,
specimens
reveals itself
are
(1878)
is
of Rio
the
of
tip
zone
or
in the
of S.
by
right
liver
right
an
and
longitudinal
a
(MARCUS
cerata
(1874,
Peru, Callao,
separated
a
especially
it
same
as
and
the
in
jaws
Cura9ao
20,
also in
14-15 in animals
in
20-30
1957a),
(1955;
from St.
slug
a
S. Paulo.
funnel
or
may
bent,
be
the
(MARCUS
almost
in the latter
and the
Curasao
At
terminally.
opens
outlet of the male duct
principal opening
from
of the
than
more
617),
opposite direction (selenkai
Chile,
to
is
as
35),
straight
case
(selenkai
present
being
Bergh
material
Marcus from the
is
the 3
the
same
separate
their
species
Lat. 41°50' S
exigua
A
sufficiently
possible that
too; it is
reported
p.
559),
but
difference of
exists
clear-cut
A
Coquimbo (Lat. 30° S)
(1898,
slight
cusps,
from the
(MARCUS 1959b, p. 79).
inca at
BERGH
name.
median
species described
must be united. It is
together with
Ph.
not
p.
region
1837)
found
does not deserve
p.
process
found 24 in
ourselves
the
(1925,
(d'Orbigny,
but
is the
Paulo).
As ENGEL presumed
single specimen
found
70)
p.
Guadeloupe),
side of
West Atlantic warm-water
exigua,
The
material from
present
funnel-shaped and
The
from
masticatory
(1962b)
and
Bonaire)
teeth,
crossed
glandular
5
the
stylet lies the principal
Bergh
has been
In
(1925,
from
from
the
ourselves
we
the coast
towards
inca
to
BERGH
Rio; brevicauda Engel
Ph.
liver,
up
on
from
littoral
is
anterior
On the
between
left liver.
of
before.
seen
Curasao;
fig. 218).
curved
with
ENGEL
15;
penial stylet
base of the
(lynceus,
left
specific.
BERGH
animals from
1957a,
the
posterior
between
area
denticles
not
as
from
and
The
of
have
Guadeloupe;
John;
the
some
group.
separation
disc-shaped dilatation of the foot
we
about
specimens
from
indication of
an
group of the
beset
The number of
there
far in front that
so
preceding
250
470).
p.
The anterior
the
i.e.
space,
originate
elements of the
as
even
posterior
a
fig.
the last group
they might be considered
left
In the cited
to
evidently
the radular
between
permit
inca
a
and
specific
separation.
Ph.
pugnax
LANCE
(1962,
p.
157) evidently
has
two
groups
of
48
cerata in the
right
group of
right-hand
cerata".
small
the
The
The
left liver,
to the
49.
1864,
Further
this
The
large species.
Eolidacea
figures
Prins,
50
(1926,
has
unnamed
676.
Syn.
-
cast
Glaucus
ashore,
auct.
marinus
28.VI.
and
3.VII.1930
(H
refers to
p.
25;
1934,
and
1705),
of the
PONT
sea near
1763,
study
which has not been
name
The
anus
latter
excellent
led him to
discovery
invalid
to the
their
and
monograph
of their
therefore
119).
p.
Phil.
Jamaica.
of
position
1864,
(BERGH
anatomical
an
his
slugs;
basis
space
(Du
report
from the
278) allocated the Glaucidae
p.
the
on
second
material
of
the
legalized by
the
species:
Du PONT'S
picture (1763, pi. 3).
50.
Dondice occidentalis
ENGEL
a
minute in
1777
Forster,
the
Circumtropical;
produced
(Breyn,
p.
Sargassum,
on
species
pre-Linnean,
marinus
1889a,
interhepatic
for these
also
specimens.
Cleioprocta,
behind the
oldest
BERGH
of the
57)
denticles,
14
is
stylet
of
major'group
penis.
distribution:
p.
ODHNER
author
Boca
about
1011),
Trans. 53,
105;
p.
ARUBA:
within the anterior
LANCE'S "third
Glaucus atlanticus
BERGH
lies
anus
masticatory border of the jaw bears
number for
proportion
anterior liver.
1925,
p.
73;
MARCUS
1958a,
p.
62;
(Engel,
MARCUS
1925)
1960a, p.
186;
MARCUS
1961b,
p.
148.
BONAIRE:
1057C);
Paloe
VENEZUELA
ST.
MARTIN
Pond,
Further
Brazil,
The
rather
8.VI. 1949
of S.
species
9.IX. 1948
mainland; Quanta,
Simson
(H
distribution:
coast
black
:
4.IX.1948
Lechi,
Punt Vierkant,
near
Bay Lagoon,
1132).
A
20.IX.1948
(H
1059A).
Barcelona,
15.VIII.1936
outlet, 2.VIII. 1949
total of 8
Florida,
Jamaica;
1056B); Kralendijk,
(H
(H
(H
(H
1202).
1131); id., Flamingo
specimens.
Miami;
North
Carolina,
Beaufort;
Paulo.
can
often be
epithelium covering
transparent
skin.
determined without
its
mandibles,
dissection
which shines
by
the
through
the
49
51.
Nanuca sebastiani
Marcus
1957a,
2
Dr.
from
algae
algae
State
Brazil,
from
of
in front of the Carmabi,
based
and slender. The
in white
orange spots
fore end
and
White
spots.
orange
ends
of the
24.11.1955
areae.
close behind the
areae
The
colour of the
A white
near
(C),
Piedade,
the first
living slugs
is
body
mid-line,
6
begins
in
contains 5-6
occur
spots
des-
were
light brown,
which
rhinophores,
with up to 6 orange
da
the surface.
complete
to
specimens.
ground
Praia
Recife,
reef, quite
possible
preserved
upon
Pernambuco,
the outer side
CORREA'S notes make it
long,
with
the
distribution:
calcareous
cription
mm
Piscadera Baai,
slugs.
Further
among
474.
p.
Curacao:
1957
Marcus,
between
the two first and the 2nd and 3rd groups of cerata. The latter area,
well
as
area
as
that
between
orange spot
the
over
in the
former
the heart, is
the 3rd and 4th
with
white
The
spots.
material agree with those of
the first
(Alder
ALDER
&
HANCOCK
1855,
CURASAO:
of III. 1962
19
(C),
Further distribution:
The
slugs
contents in the
Baai, coming
Fig.
carneus
61
1855)
ELIOT
from
up
preserved
1906,
158.
p.
Thalassia,
end
of II.
-
beginning
slugs.
Verde
Cape
7
were
ix;
p.
the
description.
Hancock,
50, Suppl.
p.
Piscadera
&
one
light brown,
are
of
small
with
circular
rhinophores
characters
Favorinus branchialis
52.
cross-shaped. The
of cerata is
groups
Tentacles and
centre.
less
more or
mm
body,
Islands,
Boa vista;
long alive,
much
lighter
English
white
Channel
with
coast, Devon.
dark-brown
liver
in the nodular diverticula within
the cerata. Basal third of rhinophores
dark
(Fig. 61).
Tentacles and
rhinophores of about equal length; anterior angles of foot produced.
Cerata
form
rhinophores
it.
5
groups.
bear
Masticatory
a
They
are
subapical bulb,
process of
jaw
long
with
with short
a
has several series of
radular tooth smooth,
without
sides of its
when viewed under
The
base,
even
present slugs
any
vestiges
do not have rose-red
cnidosacs.
The
smaller knob close below
of
denticles;
oblique
high
striae
spur of
on
the
power.
cerata,
but the
colour of
50
the liver contents varies
and is
insignificant
of the
rhinophores
fig.
of
subspecies
for
id.
164;
of the
ODHNER
strong
32, 87)
p.
1922,
PRUVOT-FOL
according
p.
and ELIOT
occur
in albus
80, 82, 86),
p.
BERGH
MARCUS
1955,
are
400)
(1879a,
The
white
pier
Deep Bay,
distribution:
transparent
behind. The
p.
coming
(C),
coast
the
the
on
original material,
is
rhinophores
as
a
rhinophores.
its
But
&
(MEYER
MULLER,
MOE-
1806),
with
vestigial, weak,
as
references and
(ODHNER
oldest
Marcus,
up
description
1939,
p.
which
name,
78;
was,
arbitrarily.
1955
1393),
Paulo,
rhinophores
Though
of F.
base, tiny
The
in
our
the
algae
on
the
panels hanging
in various
median
broad,
rhinophores,
had
an
localities.
and
opaque
farther
and
orange centre,
in the cerata
were
orange. The
and their three bulbs agree with
pigment in
and also the dark
present.
on
spec.
common
the
digestive gland
1
had
slugs
tentacles,
subspecies
from
Thalassia,
slugs.
(H
of S.
from
algae growing
auritulus
branchialis,
moment it is better to maintainauritulus for
the
(p.
occur
to the
belong
established rather
and
12
living
behind the
area
defined later
568).
(for
566),
milky white tips of the rhinophores
the
1844
172) distinguished
p.
F.
(O.
united
now
Carmabi,
white
the diverticula of the
the
one,
a
adequate
the Northeastern Atlantic and the
under
17.VII.1955
Brazil,
behind
areae
Baai,
of the
III.-IV.1962
pier,
ANTIGUA:
Further
Piscadera
of the
from the
14
as
181.
p.
CURASAO:
pillars
(1910a,
p.
Favorinus auritulus
53.
an
HANCOCK,
the radular tooth
(BERGH 1879a,
species
1954,
to
is
bulbs may also
rhinophoral
from F. branchialis
fig. 4),
Mediterranean
&
at least the lower
or
understood
1806),
ALDER
962),
figure (1906, pi.
carneus,
MULLER,
albus
two
1)
these,
basal denticles
LOYNING
F.
In F.
pi.
and distinct denticles
see
(O.
smooth spur of
a
2
1865, pi.
BIUS
think that F.
apical
dilatations
rhinophore.
(1907,
with
albus,
but
viii),
p.
3
in ELIOT'S
regular than
we
branchialis
Fam.
1845,
dark part
F.
less
are
1
(HAEFELFINGER
distinctions. The
systematic
specimens.
our
1855,
(id.
F.
to the food
according
but nevertheless
13),
name
for
we
slugs
the
may
epidermis
possibly
of
be
think that for the
with threebulbs
on
radulartooth bears lateral denticles
cusp of the
Brazilianmaterial,
strong
in that from
Cura9ao.
51
Lamellaria
54.
BERGH
1853,
90;
p.
distribution:
Further
America:
Eastern
Pacific
Atlantic
Florida, Dry
Ocean, including
The colour of the
stipples;
(1940,
the
and 4 left
upper
outer
or
edge.
area
Further
Strait of
intertidal
Baai,
southern
to 45
of
cusp
female from
of
tally
number of
3-5
on
edge,
the
Frio
Gulf
specimens
which
rows,
show
denticles is
right
similarly
coloured
and 3.3 mm-broad shell.
big
ones
on
denticles
on
the lower
or
190).
p.
mopsicolor
of
p.
14.
5.III.1962
42°01'
(22°57' S;
Ancud
62
Fig.
1958
1959b,
Thalassia,
Cabo
W)
(C),
$.
and coast of S.
coast
and
1
of
Chiloe.
by having only right-hand
rhachidian
Chile
and 7-10
lighter bosses
very well with those of the male
MARCUS
11;
tooth.
prevails
and
was
Though
over
the
the
present
reddish
2.1 mm-broad shell of
radula of 53
Indo-West
the rhachidian tooth bears 4
Paulo;
From the
that
as
with
approximately
the
as
side of the rhachidian cusp, 3-5
on
the lower
cutting edge
seen
a
yellow stipples
Cura9ao,
young.
same
on
colour of
have
(Fig. 62). The
the animal from
was
we
on
the
inconspicuous,
one,
brown
the snail
denticles
pepper-and-salt
when alive. The dorsal surface bears soft bosses
long and
area.
Chile.
m.
the
original
orange, with
was
mm-long
Chile,
character is constant and
the 7
Sea but not the Arctic.
and 9-10 finer
from
Miami
southern
$
m.
perspicua
p.
the
1
(C),
from western Florida. The animal
its 5
This form is characterized
the
in
and
the lateral tooth has 3-5
1958,
distribution: Brazil,
zone
1,287
Bois-Reymond Marcus,
MARCUS
Magellan;
to
(MARCUS 1960a,
Piscadera
CURASAO:
Magellan,
of
169.
p.
17.IV.1962
deep,
Virginia Key
79)
p.
Lamellaria
BOIS-REYMOND
m
Strait
cutting edge
du
DU
1.5
Tortugas;
zone
All measurements
55.
stone
the cusp
denticles;
inner
from the Miami
13;
p.
Mediterranean
by
The radula has 45 rows;
right
1960a,
living specimen
is shown
as
young,
MARCUS
1959b,
the flat shell differs from the
cochinella PERRY
was
1758
a
Patagonia,
Ocean. From the intertidal
and white
L.
under
Baai,
northern
perspicua Linné,
MARCUS
227;
p.
Piscadera
CURASAO:
South
1887,
perspicua
3
However,
in adult
mm-
and
its
the
animals,
the upper
cutting
of the lateral tooth.
52
ZOOGEOGRAPHIC REMARKS
The
following
Curacao,
Ildice
the
remaining
49
Tridachia
chica,
mudas
a
at Aruba and
or
geographic
a
analysis:
Doto
hummelincki,
doerga,
maua,
Caribbean:
are
Pleurobranchus
antillensis, Polycera
and
E.
(Elysia ornata,
(28.5%)
14
Oxynoe
viridis, Cyerce antillensis, Elysia ornata,
crispata,
Aphelodoris
Catriona
place
one
Peltodoris
binza,
species,
antillarum, Polybranchia
mortenseni,
at
making
and Moridilla kristenseni.
dushia,
papillosa,
in
disregarded
Chromodoris
divae,
Coryphella
Of
species, found only
6
be
must
Learchis
papillosa)
divae,
Occurrences at
poica.
considered
were
Doto
herthae,
E.
Discodoris
areolatus,
the
compatible
D.
Berwith
"Caribbean" distribution.
Seventeen
pleii,
(34.7%) species
Chelidonura
elegans,
souverbiei,
Lobiger
Cadlina
agassizii,
krebsii,
doris
To the last group, 3
Caribbean
beyond
North
and
tina,
species
In
Doris
range
make
(6.1 %) species
Carolina
Dondice
up
and
warm
warm
group
tropical,
the
of
7
though
eastern
of
the
hirundinina,
(14.3%)
the
present
range to
Only
4
is
rarely
this
A.
(8.2%)
higher latitudes,
and Lamellaria
or
group
Ocean, partly
are
and
circumsub-
Chelidonura
Dolabrifera
dolabri-
and Glaucus atlanticus.
more
or
less
of the recorded
though
brasili-
carneus.
not recorded from
belong:
dactylomela,
91.8%
not
warm-water
Aplysia
occur:
circumtropical
were
Antarctic: Hermaea dendritica, Fiona
perspicua,
American
but
Catriona
cervina,
and Favorinus branchialis
To
parvula,
Aplysia
the
Brazilian
United States
water of the Atlantic
species
collection,
thermophile species.
their
Nanuca
lynceus,
added, whose
(8.2%) species
cinerea,
Ocean.
be
the
fera, Stylocheilus longicauda, Scyllaea pelagica,
Of
Dendro-
conyna,
collection.
present
several of them
Aplysia
to
Hence
temperate
Doto
Pacific
can
(Cape Hatteras):
occidentalis.
69.3%
Stiliger costai,
A
Berthella
cauze,
Phidiana
pita,
extends north
also in the Mediterranean Sea, 4
ana,
Elysia
bovena, Polycerella
Doto
ryrca,
Bursatella leachii
engeli,
vanellus,
and Favorinus auritulus.
sebastiani,
and
Phyllaplysia
Stiliger
rumia,
Hancockia
Caribbean and Brazilian: Haminoea
are
evelinae,
none
pinnata,
of
pronouncedly
species
them is
Lamellaria
perspicua mopsicolor.
extend
Arctic
or
perspicua
53
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495—546, pi.
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26
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58-61.
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1905.
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159-208, pi.
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Sammlung
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—
teeth.
—
digestive gland;
numbered
lateral
pleural ganglia;
v
—
visceral
64
Fig.
mm
14—21.
Stylocheilus longicauda (Q. G.);
long. — 15.
animal,
1.0
mm
ventral
long. — 16.
1.02
mm
young
long.
view. — 19. Shell. — 20.
—
animals from
17.
1.35
Elements
of
mm
Curaçao.
long.
—
jaw. — 21.
—
14. 0.65
18. Shell
Radula.
with
65
Fig.
22—24.
Cyerce
23.
Fig.
25—26.
Fig.
27—28.
anlillensis
Radular
tooth,
Engel,
frontal
Stiliger costai P.-F.,
Elysia
Fig.
29.
ornata
from
Curaçao.
and lateral
from St. Kitts.
(Swains.),
from
Elysia papillosa Verr.,
view.
—
—
24.
Penial
25. Dorsal view
Curaçao.
from
Dorsal
— 22.
— 27.
Curaçao.
—
of
view
of
slug.
—
stylet.
slug. — 26.
Radula. — 28.
Radular tooth.
Ceras.
Tooth.
66
Fig.
30—31.
31. Radula;
n
—
ninth
Chromodoris
ce
—
lateral
binza,
rhachidian
tooth;
s
—
spec.
nov.,
thickening;
second
1
—
lateral
from
first
Curaçao.
lateral
tooth;
t
—
—
tooth;
30.
ma
Dorsal
—
aspect.
—
marginal tooth;
twenty-second
lateral
tooth.
67
Fig.
32—35.
Peltodoris
hummelincki,
33.
Radula;
34.
Reproductive organs;
e
—
efferent
first tooth and
duct;
penial papilla;
q
f
—
—
a
one
—
common
nidamental
prostate;
mass;
x
—
from
spec. nov.,
from middle
u
—
of
atrium;
aperture;
g
—
duct.
b
—
Curaçao.
above,
—
duct;
35.
vi
of
—
32.
—
ci
atrium;
vagina;
Section
Dorsal
view.
outermost teeth below.
spermatheca;
aperture
insemination
nidamental
row
of skin.
—
—
spermatocyst;
—
o
w
—
—
ampulla; pi
female
—
gland
68
Figs.
fore
36—39. Discodoris
end.
—
37. Notum.
mortenseni,
—
38.
spec.
Radular
nov., from
teeth with
Curaçao.
—
their numbers.
—
36.
Ventral
39. Penial
side
of
papilla.
69
Figs.
40—42.
colour
Aphelodoris
stippled.
radula,
—
41.
antillensis
Ventral
two innermost
ones,
view
one
Bgh.,
from
of fore
Curaçao.
end;
buccal
from middle of
—
bulb
half-row,
40. Dorsal
everted.
and two
view;
42.
orange
Teeth
—
outermost
of
ones.
70
Figs.
43—46.
Polycera herthae,
slug.
—
spec.
45.
nov.
Jaws.
—
—
46.
43.
Dorsal
Half-row
view.
—
of radula.
44.
Sketch
of
living
71
Fig.
47—51.
view.
—
Doto
doerga,
48. Outer side of
spec. nov.,
ceras.
—
from
the
Atlantic,
49. Lateral view of
51. Radula.
near
ceras.
—
Bermuda.
50.
—
47.
Inner side of
Side
ceras.
—
72
Fig.
52—54.
Coryphella dushia,
—
Fig.
55—56.
Catriona
spec. nov.,
54. Rhachidian
maua
Marcus,
from
and
from
1
Curaçao.
lateral
Bonaire.
—
52. Side
view.
—
53.
Jaw.
tooth.
—
55.
Tooth.
—
56. Preradula.
73
Fig.
57—60.
fore
Fig.
61.
Moridilla
end.
—
58.
Favorinus
kristenseni,
Side
spec.
view;
anterior
branchialis
carneus
from
nov.,
Curaçao.
cerata removed.
(Ald.
&
Hanc.),
—
59.
from
—
57.
Jaw.
Dorsal
—
view
of
60. Tooth.
Curaçao.
—
Side
view
of fore end.
Fig.
62.
Lamellaria
perspicua mopsicolor
view
after sketch
d.
of
B.-R.
living
Marc.,
from
animal.
Curaçao.
—
Dorsal
74
Fig.
63.
Polybranchia
specimen,
behind
the
a
—
viridis
eyes;
c
—
ceras
grains
Fig.
64.
(Desh.),
right rhinophore, as
Elysia
ornata
from
seen
from
Bonaire.
below;
with colourless bodies
towards
(Swains.),
the base
(see
from Bonaire.
(see
text,
p.
near
b
its
text, p.
—
—
—
Small,
margin
and
contracted
pigmented
fields
smaller, yellowish
17). (PWH)
Small, slightly
21). (PWH)
rather
the black
narcotized
specimen
75
Fig.
65.
design
Scyllaea pelagica
of
brown
L.,
(hatched)
from
(circles)
Fig.
66.
Scyllaea pelagica
surroundings
spot (crosses)
of the oral
on a
from behind left
Bonaire.
(see
brownish
rhinophore;
Sketch
—
field.
d
—
black
text,
eye
p.
living specimen
markings
and
with
blue
its
spots
37). (PWH)
Detail
of the three white
(stippled)
of
(stippled)
text, p.
L. from Bonaire.
one
—
white
patches,
a
—
of
living specimen (cf. Fig. 65):
(hatched) papillae, showing
papillae
pigment,
37). (PWH)
on
tail
from both
tip;
sides
b—c
—
a
blue
papillae
of the head
(see
76
Fig.
67. Doto
divae
condition.
Fig.
68.
a
Catriona
—
Marcus,
from Bonaire.
right rhinophore,
tina
Marcus,
two
from
cerata.
—
as seen
Bonaire.
(see
Small
specimen
from below
—
text, p.
Slightly
in
slightly
text, p.
(see
39).
narcotized
43). (PWH)
narcotized
(PWH)
specimen.
a
—