30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Baseline
B+2
B+4
B+6
B+8
Training
B+10
B+12
B+14
Control
Babies Gone Wild:
How Infant Power Mobility Could Change the Face of Rehab
Cole Galloway, PT, PhD, Infant Behavior Lab, Univ. of Delaware
APTA Student Conclave 2010
The University of Delaware
Newark, DE
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Mission:
That infants explore their world every day
infants
explore their world
every day
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8vNxjwt2AqY&feature=related
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Mission:
1) Stop
St what
h t you are doing
d i --- come workk with
ith me
2)) Don’t take a jjob --- come work with me
3) If you take a job --- take one that lets you work with me
4) Challenge you on who you work for and how you conduct your
work
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Reality
•Whose: not yours
•Where: not where you live
live, work
work, play
•How: not how you would do it
•Why:
Why: not for the reasons you think
•When: before you think you would
Blind spots
Opportunities
“If you had _____, what would you want you to
focus on to study
study, assess
assess, treat?”
treat?
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Why researchers shouldn’t ask clinical questions
Why clinicians shouldn’t
shouldn t make client goals
goals.
1) Basic researcher is proxy for Clinical researcher
2) Clinical researcher is proxy for Clinical Professional
3) Clinical Professional is proxy for Family and Client
Set goals, assessment focus, intervention focus, followup
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Physical Environment
Person
Social Environment
Each has inter dependent & independent aspects
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Independent Mobility
‘Everything
changes
changes’
‘the g
good stuff’
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Mobility Impacts Early Life
Attention & ‘Cognition’
g
(Anderson & Campos, 2001; Capute et al, 1985; Freedman, 1992; Gustafson, 1994; Bushnell et al,1995; Herbert, Gross, & Hayne, 2007)
Spatial awareness
(Rosander & von Hofsten, 2000, Brugger, et al, 2007; Sommerville, et al, 2005)
Visual perception and postural responses
(Bell & Fox, 1997, Delorme, et al, 1989; Bertenthal & Bai, 1989)
Social & emotional development
(Bertenthal & Campos, 1984; Bertenthal et al, 1984; Campos & Bertenthal, 1987; Uchiyama, et al, in press)
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Mobility Impacts Early Development
Travel Broadens the Mind
Joseph J. Campos ; David I. Anderson ; Marianne A. Barbu
Barbu--Roth ; Edward M.
Hubbard ; Matthew J. Hertenstein ;David Witherington
Infancy, 15321532-7078, Volume 1, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 149 – 219
Motor Development
Karen E. Adolph,
p , Sarah E. Berger
g
W. Damon & R. Lerner (Series Eds.) & D. Kuhn & R. S. Siegler
(Vol. Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol 2: Cognition, perception, and
language (6th ed. ) New York: Wiley.
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Why are we all waiting
yyears to p
put yyoung
g children
into power mobility devices?
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Barriers to early power mobility
1) Not smart enough to learn to drive
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Barriers to early power mobility
2) Won’t follow adult commands
(i.e. Safety)
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Think about this….
If we treated typically developing infants
like we treat infants with immobility
immobility…..
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Barriers to early power mobility
3) No Device
4) Prevailing
P
ili MYTH:
MYTH
Power
o e mobility
ob ty = o
one
e pu
purpose,
pose, pe
permanent
a e t opt
option
o
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Barriers to early power mobility
5) Power
P
mobility
bilit selected
l t d over walking
lki
1.Power
1
P
mobility
bilit as ttooll
2.Increases options
3I
3.Increases
daily
d il exploration
l ti
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Babies Driving Robots!
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Since 2007: Moving at the speed of…..
FUNDING
•2008-2010: National Science Foundation
•2009-2011: NIH: NICHD
•2009-2011: NIH NICHD ARRA Supplement
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
•Patents pending
•Business
Business Plans
•Industry Interest
PUBLICATIONS
•GALLOWAY, JC., RHU, J., AGRAWAL, S. (2008) Babies driving robots: Self-generated mobility in very young infants. Journal of
Intelligent Service Robotics
Robotics.
•LYNCH, A., GALLOWAY, JC (2009) Power Mobility Training for a 7-month-old Infant with Spina Bifida. Pediatric Physical Therapy
•RAGONESI, C., CHEN, X., AGRAWAL, S., GALLOWAY, JC The effect of power mobility on socialization in the classroom: A case
report. Pediatric Physical Therapy
•LYNCH, A., AGRAWAL, S., GALLOWAY, JC (under review) The effect of enhanced mobility on development in typically developing
infants. Child Development.
p
•RAGONESI C, CHEN X, AGRAWAL S, GALLOWAY JC Power Mobility and Socialization in Preschool 2: A Follow-up Case Study of a
Child With Cerebral Palsy Pediatric Physical Therapy.
•Agrawal, S.K., Chen, X., GALLOWAY JC, (under review) A Novel Haptic Guidance for Learning Steering - with Application to Special
Needs Children. IEEE Transactions on Haptics.
•Chen, X., Ragonesi, C., Agrawal, S.K., GALLOWAY JC, (under review) Training Toddlers Seated on Mobile Robots to Drive Indoors
A id Ob
Amidst
Obstacles.
l IEEE Transactions
T
i
on Neural
N
l Systems
S
andd Rehabilitation
R h bili i Engineering.
E i
i
APTA Student Conclave 2010
A typical day of study 1
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Robot enhanced power mobility
Typical Training Day
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Mobile Robots:
B
Bench
h side
id tto Pl
Playground
d
A
6 months old: Indoor Robot Training
16 months old Playground 3:47, 10:42
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Mobile robots in Education
A
Classroom
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Mobile Robots living
g with Families
Will & Family at Delaware Natural History Museum
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Mobile Robots living
g with Families
Riley 1
Riley 2
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Mobile Robots Intensive Training
g
Early Training
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Late Training
Mobile Robots: the reality
Don’t ‘give up
on walking’
lki ’
APTA Student Conclave 2010
150-210 lbs
•Ramps
•Van
•Home
Home Remodel
Power Chair – Power Assist Walker
APTA Student Conclave 2010
Spread the word!
Kids are driving in Delaware!
Come, Visit, Work with Us
APTA Student Conclave 2010